TUGAS

KIMIA FISIKA HIDROKARBON

Nama

: Nur Fitriani

NIM

: 1301317

Kelas

: Teknik Perminyakan Non Reguler A

TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
BALIKPAPAN
2014

1. Name 4 energy resources:

Oil

Coal

Gas

Biomass

2. Name 5 products made from petroleum:

Gasoline
Kerosine
Naphtha
Diesel Oil
Lubricating Oil
3. When is Indonesian oil consumption bigger than production?
Indonesian oil consumption is bigger than production since 2005 until 2007.
4. Who is president & general secretary OPEC in 2004? Tell his career not exceed 300
words.
President and General Secretary of OPEC in 2004 is Prof. Dr. Ir. Purnomo Yusgiantoro,
MA, MSc, PhD.
Careers :
Professor of Development Economics Atma Jaya University (2002) and Bandung
Institute of Technology (2009).
Chairman of the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (Era of President SBY ) 2011.
Chairman of the Defence Industry Policy Committee (Era of President SBY), 20102014.
Chairman of the Meeting on the ASEAN Economic Ministers on Energy (Era of
President Megawati), 2004.
Secretary General and President OPEC (Era of President Megawati ), 2001-2004.
Vice Chairman of the Presidential Decree 133-Restructuring of National
Infrastructure (Era of President Gus Dur/ Megawati), 2000-2004.
Chairman of the Board of Pertamina Commissioners (Era of President Gus Dur/
Megawati), 2000-2002.

 Deputy Governor of National Defense Institute (Era of President BJ Habibie),

1998-2000.
Advisory/ Special Staff of the Minister of Mines and Energy, Development Cabinet
VI, 1993-1998.
OPEC Governor, Vienna, Austria, from 1996 to 1998.
Chairman of Working Group II for the Domestic and Foreign Marketing, Board of
Pertamina Commissioners (DKPP), 1993-1998.
Expert team of PAHs (Adhoc Committee) I, MPR Working Body in preparing the
Guidelines Pelita VII, 1997-1998.
Working Group of the National Security & Defense Council (Wanhankamnas), in
preparing the Guidelines Pelita VII.
Members of the Department of Mines and Energy Committee in Formulating the
Guidelines Mining and Energy PELITA VII.
Lecturer in various leadership courses : LEMHANNAS, SESKOGAB, SUSPIM
Pertamina and PLN, SESPANAS, Defense Attache Course Dephankam.
Chairman/ Member of Indonesian Delegation in Multilateral Conferences : APEC,
UNCTAD, UNDP, ESCAP, OPEC, Producers-Consumers, ASEAN.
Chairman/ Member of the Delegation of Indonesia Bilateral meeting: Australia,
Japan, USA, Norway, South Korea, Taiwan, and Canada.
Consultants for Domestic/ International on Natural Resources (NR), Economic
Development and Financial Management.
5. What is the meaning of Petroleum?
Petroleum, which is Latin for rock oil, is a fossil fuel, meaning it was made naturally
from decaying prehistoric plant and animal remains. It is a mixture of hundreds of
different hydrocarbons molecules containing hydrogen and carbon that exist sometimes
as a liquid (crude oil) and sometimes as a vapor (natural gas).

6. Mention & Explain Petroleum Rock.

a. Igneous Rock
Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as
intrusive (plutonic) rocks such as diorite, gabbro, granite and pegmatite; or on the
surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks such as andesite, basalt, obsidian, pumice,
rhyolite and scoria.
b. Methamorphic Rock
Metamorphic rocks Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock
types, in a process called metamorphism, the original rock may be sedimentary rock,
igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock. There are two basic types of
metamorphic rocks:
1) foliated metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, phyllite, schist and slate which
have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and
directed pressure; and,
2) non-foliated metamorphic rocks such as marble and quartzite which do not
have a layered or banded appearance.
c. Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition of material at
the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name
for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles (detritus) to settle and
accumulate or minerals to precipitate from a solution. Particles that form a
sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited,
sediment was formed by weathering and erosion in a source area, and then
transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers
which are called agents of denudation. There are three basic types of sedimentary
rocks:
1) clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccia, conglomerate, sandstone and shale,
that are formed from mechanical weathering debris;
2) chemical sedimentary rocks such as rock salt and some limestones, that form
when dissolved materials precipitate from solution; and,
3) organic sedimentary rocks such as coal and some limestones which form from
the accumulation of plant or animal debris.

7. Mention & explain Properties of Fluid (min.2)

a) Viscosity
Viscosity is a measurement of how resistant a fluid is to attempts to move through it.
A fluid with a low viscosity is said to be "thin," while a high viscosity fluid is said to
be "thick." It is easier to move through a low viscosity fluid (like water) than a high
viscosity fluid (like honey).
b) Density
A material's density is defined as its mass per unit volume. It is, essentially, a
measuremement of how tightly matter is crammed together. One of the most common
uses of density is in how different materials interact when mixed together. Wood
floats in water because it has a lower density, while an anchor sinks because the
metal has a higher density. Helium balloons float because the density of the helium is
lower than the density of the air.
8. Mention Type of HC with the characters (min.2)

Heavy Oil
As defined by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), heavy oil is a type of crude oil
characterized by an asphaltic, dense, viscous nature (similar to molasses), and its
asphaltene (very large molecules incorporating roughly 90 percent of the sulfur and
metals in the oil) content. It also contains impurities such as waxes and carbon
residue that must be removed before being refined. Although variously defined, the
upper limit for heavy oil is 22 API gravity with a viscosity of 100 cp (centipoise).

Light Oil
Also known as "conventional oil," light oil has an API gravity of at least 22 and a
viscosity less than 100 centipoise (cp). Light crude is composed of a high number of
paraffins, which are straight and branched chain hydrocarbons that have a high
hydrogen to carbon ratio. Essentially, they have two hydrogen atoms for every carbon
atom they contain. Because hydrogen weighs roughly 12 times less than carbon,
paraffins are lighter and less dense than hydrocarbons with a lower hydrogen to
carbon ratio. The best light crudes contain roughly 60% paraffin. Light crude not
only has a high number of paraffins, but the paraffins that is does contain tend to be
shorter in length. Currently, gasoline is the most valuable product derived from crude
oil. The bulk of typical gasoline contains paraffins that are 10 carbon atoms in

length. That is, the hydrocarbons in gasoline are mostly made up by linking 10
carbon atoms end to end to create a chain. The chain length range in gasoline is 4 to
12 carbons. Because light crude naturally contains a high number of these short
chains, it does not have to be refined to a great extent to produce gasoline.

Condensate Gas
Natural-gas condensate is a low-density mixture of hydrocarbon liquids that are
present as gaseous components in the raw natural gas produced from many natural
gas fields. It condenses out of the raw gas if the temperature is reduced to below the
hydrocarbon dew point temperature of the raw gas. The natural gas condensate is also
referred to as simply condensate, or gas condensate, or sometimes natural gasoline
because it contains hydrocarbons within the gasoline boiling range. Raw natural gas
may come from any one of three types of gas wells:
1. Crude oil wells. Raw natural gas that comes from crude oil wells is called
associated gas. This gas can exist separate from the crude oil in the underground
formation, or dissolved in the crude oil. Condensate produced from oil wells is
often referred to as lease condensate.
2. Dry gas wells. These wells typically produce only raw natural gas that does not
contain any hydrocarbon liquids. Such gas is called non-associated gas.
Condensate from dry gas is extracted at gas processing plants and, hence, is
often referred to as plant condensate.
3. Condensate wells. These wells produce raw natural gas along with natural gas

liquid. Such gas is also non-associated gas and often referred to as wet gas.