ASSIGNMENT

MICROWAVE WIRELESS NETWORK

PLANNING

CELL SPLITTING

Submitted to: Mr. Hans Raj

Submitted by:
Priyanka Joshi
A1603707027
Marketing

INTRODUCTION
KEY ISSUES IN MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Limited frequency spectrum
-results in limited number of radio channel, which causes limited teletraffic capacity
-requires cellular architecture and frequency reuse

Mobility of terminals and subscribers

- creates hostile radio propagation environment
- requires handover of radio connections in cellular systems
- complicates call setup and routing
- requires enhanced security features to acertain identity of terminal and subscriber

CELL CAPACITY
Average number of MSs requesting service (Average arrival rate):
Average length of time MS requires service (Average holding time): T
Offered load: a = T
e.g., in a cell with 100 MSs, on an average 30 requests are generated during an
hour, with average holding time T=360 seconds.
Then, arrival rate =30/3600 requests/sec.
A channel kept busy for one hour is defined as one Erlang (a),
i.e.
a=30 calls . 360 seconds/3600 seconds . call
a=3 Erlangs
Assuming to be the service rate, probability of each call to terminate during
interval t is given by t.
Thus, probability of a given call requires service for time t or less is given by
S (t ) = 1 e t

CAPACITY EXPANSION
As number of subscribers increase in a given area, number of channels may no
longer be sufficient to achieve desired GoS possible remedies are:
ADD NEW CHANNELS
REDUCE BANDWIDTH PER USER/CHANNEL
CHANGE CELLULAR TOPOLOGY
Cell Splitting
Cell Sectoring
Smart Antennas
CHANGE FREQUENCY ALLOCATION METHODOLOGY
Frequency Borrowing

CELL SPLITTING
The process of creating more coverage and capacity in a wireless system by having
more than one cell site cover a particular amount of geography. Each cell site
covers a smaller area, with lower power MHz and thus offers the ability to reuse
frequencies more times in a larger geographic coverage area, such as a city or
MTA.

 Large cell (low density)

Small cell (high density)
Smaller cell (higher density)
Depending on traffic patterns the smaller cells may be activated/deactivated in
order to efficiently use cell resources.

Cell splitting is the process of splitting a mobile cell into several smaller
cells. This is usually done to make more voice channels available to
accommodate traffic growth in the area covered by the original cell
If the radius of a cell is reduced from R to R/2, the area of the cell is
reduced from Area to Area/4. The number of available channels is also
increased.
Cell splitting is usually done on demand; when in a certain cell there is
too much traffic which causes too much blocking of calls. The cell is split
into smaller microcells.

DRAWBACKS OF CELL SPLITTING

In practice not all cells are split simultaneously, therefore we may have cells
of different sizes.
Also the handoff between the cells and microcells has to be taken care off so
that high speed and low speed mobiles are equally served.
Decreasing cell size results in more handoffs per call and higher processing
load per subscriber. Thus, the handoff rate will increase exponentially