DESIGN OF STAIR CASE WITH CENTRAL STRINGER BEAM

Project name :pkn

Space available for staire case
5.20
x
Vetical distance of floor
3.60
m
width of stair case
1.40 mtr
Risers
0.16 mtr
Treads
0.25 mtr
Live load
4000 N/m2
Conrete
M20
wt. 25000 N/mm3
Steel
fy 415
Nominal cover
25
mm
80
West slab thickness
mm
200
assume width of stringer beam
mm
Reinforcement
Main Bars
20
mm
Anchor bars
10
mm
Waist slab bars
10
mm
Strirrups
10
mm
1.50

4.40
3600
1400
160
250

m
mm

mm
mm
mm

m
cbc
st
Effective cover

13.33
7
230
30

Bars Required
Bars Required
Sapcing c/c
Sapcing c/c

4
2
250
90

2.25

230

2-

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm

Nos.
Nos.
mm
mm

1.45

10 mm anchore bars
Bottom of waist
10 mm @

1.50
stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
90 mm c/c

250 mm c/c
250

10 mm @
250 mm c/c

160

stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@

Landing

180 mm c/c
mid span

8 mm F @

1.50
stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
90 mm c/c

L - section

10 mm@

300 mm c/c

250 mm c/c
1450
80
2 - 10

mm

10 mm@

90 mm c/c

Anchor bars

10 mm@

180 mm c/c

stirrups 2 ldg.

-20

mm

main bars
200

mm

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Cross section at mid span

AM

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm

Nos.
Nos.
mm
mm

mm @
mm c/c
80
8 mm F @
300 mm c/c

DESIGN OF STAIR CASE WITH CENTRAL STRINGER BEAM

width of stair case
Risers
live load
Conrete
Nominal cover

1.40
0.16
4000
M- 20
25

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars

mtr 1400 mm
mtr
160 mmTreads
0.25 mtr
2
N/m
Steel
fy- 415 N/mm2
mm
Effective cover
30 mm
Cocrete M =

230 N/mm2

7
N/mm3
13.33

st =
cbc =
m
k=

m*c

m*c+st
j=1-k/3
1
0.5
R=1/2xc x j x k

250

20

wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm2

13.33
13.33 x

0.289

0.904

7
+

230

= 0.289
= 0.904

x 0.289 =

0.913

2 Loading on waist slab:Assume waist slab thickness

=
80 mm
The weight of waist slab on the slope should be multi plied by the factor
R2 +T2
where R= 160 mm and
T
= 250 mm
T
2
= 160
+
250 2= 1.19
to get the equivalent weight of horizontal plane .
250
Considered 1 m width of slab.
Load per metre horizontal run will be as follows.
1.19 = 2380 N
### = 2000 N
=
100 N
= 4000 N
Total = 8480 N
The loading on landing will be lasser : however , for simplicity , we will take the same loading throught.
Self weight
Weight of steps
Laoding of finishing
Live load

=
=
=
=

0.08
0.5

x
x

1
0.16

1
1

x 25000 x
x
1
x
L.S.

3 Design of waist slab:the waist slab is supported on central stringer beam . Hence the worst condition may be
when we considred concentrated live load of 4000 N to act to one side only.
Dead weight =
2380 + 2000 + 100
= 4480 N
Assume width of stringer beam
= 200 mm
1.40 0.2
Projection of slab beyond the rib of beam =
= 0.60
mtr
2
wL2
4480 x( 0.60 )2
B.M. due to dead load
=
= 806
N-m
2
2
wL2
4000 x( 0.60 )2
B.M. due to U.D. live load
=
= 720
N-m
2
2
B.M. due to concentreted live load
= 4000 x 0.60
= 2400 N-m
Max. B.M.
M
= 806 + 2400
= 3206 N-m
3206000

But
Effective depth required
=
=
=
60
mm
80
0.913 x 1000
available=
Rxb
80 mm . Efective depth =
However , keep minimum total depth
=
80
- 25 = 55
3206000
BM x 1000
=
Ast =
=
280
mm2
230 x 0.904 x
55
st x j x D
using

### mm bars

spacing of Bars =

A*1000/Ast

3.14xdia2
4 x100
x
=
79
=

=
1000

3.14 x
4
280

10
x

x 10
100

79

= 280

However , keep spacing

Distribution reinforcement
=
using

8 mm bars

1.2

=
x

spacing of Bars =
A*1000/Ast
Maimum permissible spacing
However , keep spacing

=
=
=

250 mm , one bar per step

80
=
96 mm2
2
3.14xdia
3.14 x
8
=
4 x100
4
x
x
1000
50
/
96
x
8
45
= 360 mm say
300 mm, Maximum

4 Design of stringer beam :The stringer beam will act as T- beam. Flight CD is longest,
Hence we will design the stringer beam CD
0.2
1.45
Effective span
=
1.50 + 2.25 +
=
2
2

x 8
100
300

50

= 523
mm

4.38 m

The loading on stringer beam will be as follows,

asssuming the web to be

(a) Weight of rib /m run
=
0.20 x
(b) Load from waist slab
=
8480 x

200 mm wide and 200 mm deep

0.20 x ### x 1.19
=
1190
1
x 1.50
= 12720
Total = 13910

N
N

N say 14000
Assuming partial fixidity at ends,
wL2
14000 x 4.38 2 x 1000
M
=
=
=
26796875
26.8 x 10 6
10
10
Taking lever arm = 0.9 x d , balance depth is given by Eq.
2kcd - D where bf = flange width of isolated T-Beam given byEq.
0.45 bf. cbc. Df
M
=
kc
l0
where lo = L= 4.38 m ;b = actual width = 1.50
bf
bw,
=
+
l0
and bw = 0.20 m
+
4
b
4.38
bf
=
+ 0.20 =
0.833
m
=
833
mm
4.38
+
4
1.50
2x 0.289 d- 80
Hence,
= 0.45
x
833 x
7
x
80
=
26796875
0.289
2
x 0.289 d- 80
209916
=
26796875

0.289
80
2d
=
127.66

0.289
127.66 + 277.2
d
=
=
202.00
mm
2
Ve
where tc max =1.8 N/mm2 for m-20 concrete
Also, d
=
bw . Tc max
T
wL
14000 x 4.38
Ve
= V+ 1.6
Where V =
=
= 30625
N
bw
2
2
T = torsional moment, which will be induced due to live load acting only to one side of step.
4000
x
0.60 2 x 4.38
T
=
x 1000 = 1575000 N-mm
2
2
4.4
or T
=( 4000
x
0.60 )x
x 1000 = 5250000 N-mm
2
=
5250000 which ever is more

5250000
Ve
= 30625 +
1.6
x
= 72625
N
200
72625
Hence, d
=
= 227 mm
However, keep total depth = 230
200
x
1.6
using
20 mm main bars,
10 mm ring and cover
25 mm
10
10
25
= 185 mm
Net available d = 230
26796875
BM x 1000
Ast =
=
=
697
mm2
230
x
0.904 x 185
st x j x D
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 20 x 20
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 314

=
= 314
4 x100
4
x
100
/ 314 =
Nos. Say
4
Ast/A
spacing of Bars =
= 697
3
2
Actual Ast provided
=
4
x 314 = 1256 mm
Note:- the above reinforcement is for bending requirements only. there will be additional longitudinal
reinforcement for torsion, as computed later.
Location of N.A. Assuming the N.A. falls within the flange, we have
833
x
n2
=
= 13.33 x 1256 x( 185 n
)
2
x
n2
= 6194718
33484.96 n
833
n2
=
7437
40.20
n

n2
+
40.2 n
-7437
=
0

40.2 + ( 1616 +
29747 )0.5
n
=

2*1
68.4 mm Hence the resultant falls inside the flanges y = 22.82
n
=

d - y = 185
- 22.82 =
162.2
mm
L.A. a =
M
26796875
Stress in steel
=
=
=
132
N/mm2 < 230 Hence safe
Ast . A
1256 x
162
Corresponding stress in concrete is given by
txn
132
68.4
c =
=
x
=
5.80 N/mm2 <
7
Hence safe
m d-n
13.33
185
- 68.4
5 Design for torsion :As computed earlier, T= 5250000 N-mm
v =
30625 N
and ve =
72625 N
Ve
72625
ve
=
=
=
1.96
N/mm2
bw.d
200 x
185
100 x Ast
100
x
1256
=
= 3.395 % hence from table 3.2 tc = 0.51 N/mm2
bxd
200
x
185
tve
Since
> tc
shear reinforcemnt required
using

### mm bars

(a) Longitudinal reinforcement:M e1 = M + MT

MT = T
Me1

(1+ D/bw)
1.7
26796875

Where M=
=

6639706 =
33436581
=
Ast =
230 x
162.18
st x j x D
Hence the provision of
4 bars of 20 mm,
Near the column D, take the bars straight up. Provide 2Me1

5250000

26796875
1

230 / 200
1.7
33436581
N-mm
=

6639705.9

896 mm2

1256 mm2 is O.K.

giving
20 mm bars at the lower face under the landing.

(b) Transverse reinforcement:Transverse reinforcement will be provided in the form of vertical stirrups.
Let provide 25 mm clear cover all round
b1
= center to center distence between corner bars in the direction of width
=
200
2
x
25
10
= 140 mm
d1
= center to center distence between corner bars in the direction of depth
=
230
2
x
25
10
= 170 mm
2
3.14 x 10 x 10
3.14xdia
mm
using
###
A= 2x
= 2x
= 157
stirrups bars
4 x100
4
x
100
T.
Vsv
+
now, Asv =
= sv
or
b1d1sv
2.5d1 sv
5250000
30625
157
=
+
Sv
140
x
170 x
230
2.5 x
170 x
230
157 =( 0.9591 + 0.313 )Sv
or Sv = 157 / 1.272
or Sv = 123
However, the spacing should not exceed the least of x1, (x1+y1)/4 and 300 mm
20
where x1= short diamension of stirrups
=
140 +
+
10 = 170 mm
y1
=
170 +
20
+
10 = 200 mm
(x1+y1)/4
=( 170
+
200 )/
4
= 92.5 mm
Hence Sv = 123.39 mm is not permissible. Keep Sv
=
90 mm c/c . Incase the spacing to

200 mm c/c in the mid span where both transverse shear as well as torsional shear are minimum.
provide 2 - 10 mm f holding bars. Keep the same setion for other flight.

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

mm

izontal plane .

tion may be

mm
mm

mm2

mm

mm2

mm

N/m
N-mm

eam given byEq.

m

26796875

mm

mm2

mm2

al longitudinal

mm
Hence safe

Hence safe

N-mm

nder the landing.

mm2

mm

the spacing to

1.50

2.25

230

2-

1.45

10 mm anchore bars
Bottom of waist
10 mm @

1.50
stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
90 mm c/c

250 mm c/c
250

10 mm @
250 mm c/c

160

stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@

Landing

180 mm c/c
mid span

0
8 mm F @

1.50
stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
90 mm c/c

L - section
10 mm@

300 mm c/c

250 mm c/c
1450
80
2 - 10

mm

10 mm@

90 mm c/c

Anchor bars

10 mm@

180 mm c/c

stirrups 2 ldg.

-20

main bars
200
Cross section at mid span

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

mm

mm

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

M-15
18.67

M-20
13.33

M-25
10.98

M-30
9.33

M-35
8.11

M-40
7.18

cbc N/mm2
m cbc

8.5

10

11.5

13

(a) st =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)
(b) st =
190
N/mm2
(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) st =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

Grade of concrete
bd (N / mm2

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

kc

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

jc

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

Rc

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

Pc (%)

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

Grade of
concrete

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

M 15

jc

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

M 20

Rc

0.732

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

M 25

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

M 30

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

M 35

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

M 40

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

M 45

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

M 50

kc

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

jc

0.916

0.916

0.916

0.914

0.916

0.916

Rc

0.579

0.811

0.985

1.159

1.332

1.506

Pc (%)

0.23

0.322

0.391

0.46

0.53

0.599

Permissible shear stress Table v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As
bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

M-15
0.18
0.22
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44

Permissible shear stress in concrete

M-20
M-25
M-30
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.51
0.57
0.6

tv N/mm2
M-35
0.2
0.23
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62

M-40
0.2
0.23
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63

Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

c.max

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

table-3.2
Shear stress tc
100As
bd
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59

M-20
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31

Reiforcement %
100As
M-20
bd
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.18
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.23
0.3
0.24
0.32
0.25
0.35
0.26
0.38
0.27
0.41
0.28
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.30
0.5
0.31
0.55
0.32
0.6
0.33
0.65
0.34
0.7
0.35
0.75
0.36
0.82
0.37
0.88
0.38
0.94
0.39
1.00
0.4
1.08
0.41
1.16
0.42
1.25
0.43
1.33
0.44
1.41
0.45
1.50
0.46
1.63
0.46
1.64
0.47
1.75
0.48
1.88
0.49
2.00
0.50
2.13
0.51
2.25

0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09

0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4

1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45

1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49

2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59

0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Permissible Bond stress Table bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

M-10
--

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

M-50
1.4

Development Length in tension

bd

H.Y.S.D. Bars
(N / mm2)
kd = Ld

0.6

58

0.96

60

0.8

44

1.28

45

0.9

39

1.44

40

35

1.6

36

1.1

32

1.76

33

1.2

29

1.92

30

1.3

27

2.08

28

1.4

25

2.24

26

2.0

Modification factore

bd

Plain M.S. Bars

(N / mm2)
kd = Ld

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
Bending cbc
Direct (cc)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
in kg/m2
Kg/m2 (N/mm2)
Kg/m2
--3.0
300
2.5
250
5.0
500
4.0
400
0.6
60
7.0
700
5.0
500
0.8
80
8.5
850
6.0
600
0.9
90
10.0
1000
8.0
800
1.0
100
11.5
1150
9.0
900
1.1
110
13.0
1300
10.0
1000
1.2
120
14.5
1450
11.0
1100
1.3
130
16.0
12.0
1.4
1600
1200
140

1.4
1.2
0.8
0.4

0.0

0.4
0.8
Percentage of tension reinforcement

1.2

1.6

2.4

2.8