Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EDITION
Complete Book of
Framing
An Illustrated Guide for
Residential Construction
Scot Simpson
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
About the Author
xi
Acknowledgments
xiii
Introduction
xv
Framing Terms
Framing Lumber
Framing Sheathing
12
Framing Nails
13
Framing Tools
14
16
Cutting Lumber
17
18
20
21
24
24
25
Nail Corner
25
25
26
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Concrete Nailing
26
27
27
28
29
30
30
Nail Sheathing
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
Nail Blocks
35
36
37
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
50
51
52
53
54
55
vi
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56
57
60
69
72
74
83
86
87
88
89
91
92
93
93
94
Rafter Guidelines
95
Ceiling Joists
106
108
109
109
110
Steps 58
111
113
116
116
119
120
121
Installation of Stairs
122
Circular Stairs
127
Chapter 7: Layout
135
Wall Layout
139
Joist Layout
154
vii
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156
Roof Layout
156
159
162
163
183
186
186
187
Regional Considerations
188
Framing Details
188
Hold-Downs
195
200
203
206
210
228
Termite Protection
234
235
238
Advanced Framing
238
Material Selection
240
241
SIP Installation
241
SIP Tools
247
249
252
255
259
263
266
267
268
270
viii
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275
278
279
Quality Control
288
289
Teaching Framers
292
294
302
Recordkeeping
304
Productivity
306
311
314
Hand Tools
315
Ladders
317
Fall Protection
317
319
Housekeeping
321
Glossary
325
335
Index
343
ix
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Contents
Framing Terms
Framing Lumber
Framing Sheathing
12
Framing Nails
13
Framing Tools
14
16
Cutting Lumber
17
18
20
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INTRODUCTION
TO FRAMING
The trade of wood framing comprises the rough
carpentry skills needed to produce the skeleton of
a building and its rst layer of skin. The skeleton
consists of the structural lumber forming the oors,
walls, and roof. The skin consists of the lumber that
encloses the skeleton and provides a surface for
subsequent layers of protective and decorative
nish materials.
This chapter is an illustrated review of a framers
most basic tools, materials, and terminology. This
basic information is often not even taught on the
job site, so if you dont know it when you arrive for
work, you will have to play a guessing game or ask a
lot of questions.
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4
Framing Terms
Bearing Walls
Solid header
Double plate
Top plate
Stud
Corner
King Stud
Sill
Stud
Trimmer
(Jack stud)
Cripples (Legs)
Backer
Bottom plate
(Sole plate)
Nonbearing Walls
Cripples
Cripple
header
Double plate
Top plate
L-Header
Stud
Sill
Double studs
King Stud
Cripples (Legs) Trimmer (Jack stud)
Bottom plate
(Sole plate)
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5
Blocking
Roof truss
Double plate
Top plate
Studs
Stud
Bottom plate
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Framing Lumber
number. For example, a piece of lumber that actually
Lumber is sized in nominal, as opposed to
actual, dimensions. A nominal dimension rounds measures 1" 3" is rounded off to the nominal
off the actual dimension to the next highest whole 2" 4".
1"
Actual
dimensions
Nominal
dimensions
Actual
3"
5"
7"
9"
11"
24
26
28
2 10
2 12
Nominal
3"
2"
"
3"
3"
3"
14
34
44
3"
Actual
Nominal
3"
7"
46
48
5"
Actual
Nominal
3"
5"
5"
3"
9"
11"
4 10
5"
4 12
5"
5"
7"
9"
11"
66
68
6 10
6 12
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7
Framing Sheathing
Engineered Panel
Products
Sheathing comes in 4' 8' sheets.
The thicknesses most commonly
used in framing are ", 5/8",
and ".
sheet
5/8 sheet
sheet
GWB
5/8 GWB
Although not as
common in house
framing, gypsum
wallboard can be used
on exterior walls, such
as for apartments and
condos, and commercial
buildings for re
protection.
Dens Glass gypsum sheathing is a brand that has berglass mat, which provides mold and moisture
resistance and is gold in color.
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8
Engineered Panel
Product
Plywood
sheet
5/8 sheet
sheet
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9
im
gd
Lon
io
ens
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10
Bottom Bearing
Flange
Common construction
details for engineered
lumber joists.
Gap:
1/8 minimum
2 maximum
1
Tight t
Flange
SSection
tii view
i off II-joist.
j i t Pl
Please
l
note
t th
the
h components
t off th
the
joist (darker colors) and the web stiffener (lighter color).
Fasteners are shown in black.
10
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11
/16
2 4 minimum
squash blocks
(Illustrations courtesy of iLevel by Weyerhaeuser)
Squash blocks
should be 1/16"
greater than the Ijoist height.
Rim board
11
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c.
a.
d.
e.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Panel grade
Span rating
Tongue-and-groove
Exposure durability classication
Product Standard
Thickness
Mill number
APAs performance rated panel
standard
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Lumber
Framing
Grade
Use
Light framing
2 2 thru 4 4
Construction
Standard & better
Utility
Plates
Sills
Studs over 10
Stud
2 2 thru 4 6
10 or less
Stud
Studs
Cripples
Structural framing
Select structural
No.1
No. 2
No. 3
Joists
Rafters
Headers
Posts
Beams
Images of grade stamps courtesy of APA, The Engineered Wood Association and
WWPA, the Western Wood Products Assocoiation
12
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13
Framing Nails
16d*
8d Common
8d Box
8d Sinkers
8d
Inches
Roong nail
Concrete nail
Casing nail
*d = P
Penny.
enn . The abbreviation com
enny
comes
mess ffrom
rom th
the
he
Roman word denarius, meaning
coin, which the English adapted to
penny. It originally referred to the
cost of a specic nail per 100. Today
it refers only to nail size.
13
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14
Framing Tools
Utility Knife
Hammer
Marking
Crayon
Chalk Line
Carpenters
Pencil
Framing Square
Tape
Try Square
Chisel
Hand Saw
Glue Gun
Speed
Square
Crowbar
Wall Puller
Sledgehammer
Tool Pouch
Flat Bar
Nail Puller or
Cats Paw
14
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Reciprocating
Saw
Router
Electric Cord
Worm-drive Saw
(Circular Saw)
Drill
Chain Saw
Nail Gun
Air Hose
Air Compressor
15
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Right Side
Screwdriver
rack
Oversized
saw blades
Nail box
storage
Tool box
enclosed
Nail box
storage
Saw box
Seat
Left Side
Anchor bolts
attached to 2 x 10
and used for hanging
air hoses, electric cords,
and tool pouches
Nail box
storage
Flat box for electric parts,
air hose parts, drill bits, etc.
Handsaw
Rain gear
Metal box
for wrenches
and sockets
Open
Crowbar
Seat
Sledgehammers
16
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17
Cutting Lumber
Speed square
25'
Tape
Saw blade
Check to make sure tape
end is not bent and that it
moves on the end rivets.
Saw upsidedown
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Work piece
Waste
piece
17
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Exterior wall
Stud
Bottom plate
Ground
8 or less
18
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Sleeper joist
Bottom plate
Concrete slab
Required unless
slab is separated
from ground by
an impervious
moisture barrier
Ground
Bottom plate
Ground level
Bottom plate
Joists
Girder
18 or less
12 or less
Ground
19
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