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The first European settlement of Australia was in January 1788, when the First
Fleet sailed into Botany Bay under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip.
Originally established as a penal colony, by the 1830s the number of free
settlers was increasing. Transportation of convicts to the eastern colonies was
abolished in 1852 and to the western colonies in 1868.
Australian food
Australia has a rich variety of foods and drinks, adopted and adapted since
colonisation and developed as part of a multi-cultural society. What was once
new and foreign has been transformed with new ingredients and styles into
distinctly Australian food.
Fish and Seafood
Australia has the third largest fishing zone in the world. The clean waters
around the country provide abundant seafood for export and domestic
consumption. Fishing and aquaculture, which supplements the main ocean
species of salmon, lobster and tuna, are an important part of the country's
agricultural industry.
A legacy of Australia's colonial past is the continuing popularity of British style
fish and chips as a take-away food, often eaten on the beach. The fish,
generally flake or shark rather than cod, is deep fried in batter and served with
chips. Seafood restaurants are common and popular as the vast majority of the
population lives near the coast. Sydney is particularly renowned for its seafood
restaurants.
Barramundi, which is found in rivers in the north of Australia is a popular catch
with sporting anglers and is commonly found in restaurants.
Barbecues
The iconic image of Australian eating is that of a barbecue under sunny skies.
Most homes have a barbecue and they can also be found at beaches, in
camping and caravan parks and on business sites. The type of food cooked on
barbecues has changed with Australian tastes. Traditional choices such as
chops or sausages are being replaced with marinated steaks and fresh seafood
served with gourmet salads and wine. Barbecues are also becoming
increasingly popular as a Christmas meal rather than the traditional British
style meal of roast turkey and vegetables.
Australian Mealtimes
Breakfast tends to be light and is typically made up of cereal, toast, or fruit
with tea, coffee or juice. In colder regions a cooked breakfast of porridge, or
bacon and eggs is common. Vegemite, a brown spread made from yeast
extract, is popular on toast.
Dinner is the main meal of the day in Australia. Typical choices include roast
meat with vegetables, pasta, pizza, a stir fry or barbecued meat. The meal is
usually eaten at home.
Take Away-Food
Australians are one of the world's biggest consumers of fast-food. As in most
western countries, take-aways and fast food reflect a wide range of cultures.
There are a large number of Chinese, Indian and other Asian restaurants in
Australia's major cities offering take-away food. Australian fast food restaurants
serve hamburgers, fried chicken, kebabs and fish and chips.
"Sausage sizzles" are stalls selling barbecued sausages and fried onions on
white bread with a tomato or barbecue sauce.
Classic Australian Foods
Vegemite is probably the most famous iconic Australian foodstuff. Others
include a honeycomb chocolate bar named Violet Crumble; Dim Sim, a
dumpling inspired by the popular Chinese dim-sum; vanilla slices and wheat
biscuits. Lamingtons are square sponge cakes covered with chocolate icing and
desiccated coconut. They were named after Baron Lamington who was
Governor of Queensland at the end of the 19th century. Original Lamingtons
had strawberry or raspberry jam in the centre but now it is usually whipped
cream.
Damper is a traditional Australian bread made without yeast. It was originally
cooked over hot coals and often wrapped around a stick before being eaten
with honey and tea. Today it is often baked with nuts or dried fruit to enhance
the flavour and is popular with butter and jam.
There is much debate between Australia and New Zealand over who created
ANZAC biscuits and Pavlova. Anzac biscuits are generally made from rolled
oats, golden syrup and desiccated coconut. They were made by women during
World War One and named after the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps to
whom they were sent.
Pavlova is a dessert named after the Russian prima ballerina Anna Pavlova. It is
a meringue shell topped with whipped cream and fruit. The oldest known
recipes for both ANZAC biscuits and Pavlova appear to originate in New
Zealand.
The macadamia nut is the only native Australian food to be highly
commercialised.
Australia es un pas diverso y singular en todos los sentidos - en la cultura, la
poblacin, el clima, la geografa y la historia.
Cultura
Cultura australiana es tan amplia y variada como el paisaje del pas. Australia
es multicultural y multirracial y esto se refleja en la alimentacin, el estilo de
vida del pas y de las prcticas culturales y experiencia.
Australia cuenta con un importante patrimonio de sus pueblos indgenas, que
desempea un papel decisivo en el paisaje cultural.
Esta diversidad de influencias crea un ambiente cultural en Australia que est
muy animado, lleno de energa, innovadora y orientada hacia el exterior.
Clima
La mayor parte de Australia experimenta un clima templado la mayor parte del
ao.
Los estados del norte de Australia son tpicamente caliente todo el tiempo, con
los estados del sur que experimentan inviernos fros, pero las temperaturas
raramente bajo cero.
La nieve cae en las montaas ms altas durante los meses de invierno, lo que
permite esquiar en el sur de Nueva Gales del Sur y las estaciones de esqu de
Victoria, as como los complejos ms pequeos en el estado insular de
Australia, Tasmania.
Geografa
Australia es un continente isla y sexto pas ms grande del mundo (7.682.300
kilmetros cuadrados).
Situada entre los ocanos ndico y Pacfico, el pas es de aproximadamente
4.000 km de este a oeste y 3.200 km de norte a sur, con una costa 36.735
kilometros de largo.
Canberra es la capital de Australia. Con una poblacin aproximada de 320.000
personas y situado en el Territorio de la Capital Australiana, Canberra es ms o
menos a mitad de camino entre las dos ciudades ms grandes de Melbourne y
Sydney.
Australia tiene 19 lista los bienes del Patrimonio Mundial. Australia tambin es
famosa por sus edificios emblemticos como el Puente del Puerto de Sydney;
su antigua geologa, as como por su gran pas.
Historia
Los primeros habitantes de Australia, los aborgenes, se cree que han emigrado
de algn punto desconocido en Asia a Australia entre hace 50.000 y 60.000
aos.
Mientras que el capitn James Cook se acredita con el descubrimiento europeo
de Australia en 1770, un portugus, posiblemente, avist por primera vez el
pas, mientras que los holandeses se sabe que han explorado las regiones
costeras en la dcada de 1640.
El primer asentamiento europeo en Australia fue en enero de 1788, cuando la
primera flota naveg en Botany Bay bajo el mando del capitn Arthur Phillip.
Originalmente establecida como una colonia penal, por la dcada de 1830 el
nmero de colonos libres iba en aumento. El transporte de los condenados a
las colonias orientales fue abolida en 1852 y para las colonias occidentales en
1868.
Comida australiana
Australia tiene una rica variedad de alimentos y bebidas, adoptados y
adaptados desde la colonizacin y desarrollados como parte de una sociedad
multicultural. Lo que antes era nuevo y extrao se ha transformado con nuevos
ingredientes y estilos en los alimentos distintamente australiano.
Pescados y Mariscos
Australia tiene la tercera mayor zona de pesca en el mundo. Las aguas limpias
de todo el pas ofrecen abundantes mariscos para la exportacin y el consumo
interno. La pesca y la acuicultura, que complementa las principales especies
marinas de salmn, langosta, gambas y atn, son una parte importante de la
industria agrcola del pas.
Un legado del pasado colonial de Australia es la continua popularidad del
pescado estilo britnico y patatas fritas como comida para llevar, a menudo se
come en la playa. El pescado, en general, en escamas o un tiburn en vez de
bacalao, es muy frito en bateador y servido con patatas fritas. Restaurantes de