WHAT IS A NOUN?

A noun is a word that is used to refer to PEOPLE (John, Mary, Mr, Mrs, etc.), ANIMALS (cat, dog, horse, mouse, etc),
OBJECTS (house, garden, chair, hair, etc), SUBSTANCES (butter; smoke; money, rice, etc), FEELINGS (freedom; happiness,
loneliness, etc)

Countable:

A countable noun is a noun that has a singular and plural form. The plural is normally made by adding -s.

SINGULAR

PLURAL

a car

cars

a man

men (irregular)

a key

keys

a house

houses

a flower

flowers

an idea

ideas

an accident

accidents

a banana

bananas

We can use numbers with countable nouns: a car / two cars / three cars

We cant use the singular (car / man / key) alone. You need an article (a / an)

We cant get in the house without a key

NOT

We cant get in the house without key.

We can use SOME and ANY with plural countable nouns.

We sang some songs. (positive)

Did you buy any apples? (questions)

We use MANY and FEW with plural countable nouns.

We didnt take many photographs. (big numbers)

I have a few things to do. (small numbers)

Uncountable:

An uncountable noun is a noun that has no plural form.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

milk

salt

advice

news

homework

bread

progress

weather

water

money

dirt

stuff

luggage

food

fruit

clothing

wood

music

grammar

behaviour

permission

housework

information

furniture

air

cheese

luck

equipment

traffic

mail

scenery

work

accommodatio

baggage

chaos

damage

We cant say 1 / 2 / 3 + uncountable nouns.

We cant use a / an + uncountable nouns.

Money isnt everything.

NOT

A money isnt everything.

We can use SOME and ANY with uncountable nouns.

We listened to some music. (positive)

Did you buy any apple juice? (questions)

We use MUCH and LITTLE with uncountable nouns.

We didnt do much shopping. (big numbers)

I have a little work to do. (small numbers)

Countable and Uncountable:

Many nouns can be used as countable or uncountable nouns; usually with a difference in meaning.

COUNTABLE

UNCOUNTABLE

Did you hear a noise just now? = a specific noise

I cant work here. Theres too much noise = in general

I bought a paper to read = a newspaper

I need some paper to write on = material for writing on

Theres a hair in my soup = one single hair

Youve got very long hair = all the hair on your head

You can stay with us. There is a spare room = a room in a house

You cant sit here. There isnt room = space

I had some interesting experiences while I was travelling =

specific things that happened to me.

They offered me the job because I had a lot of experience

= in general

Enjoy your trip have a good time! = the specific time while
you are away.

I cant wait. I havent got time = in general

Two coffees and an orange juice, please. = two cups of

coffee + a glass of orange juice

I dont like coffee but I love orange juice. = normally

uncountable and in general.

Compare these countable and uncountable nouns.

COUNTABLE

UNCOUNTABLE

Im looking for a job.

Im looking for work.

What a beautiful view!

What beautiful scenery!

Its a nice day today.

Its nice weather today.

We had a lot of bags and cases.

We had a lot of baggage / luggage

These chairs are mine.

This furniture is mine.

Thats a good suggestion.

Thats good advice.

Exceptions in Spelling:

The plural of a noun is usually s

tomato

tomatoes

-ies after -y

bird

birds

mistake

mistakes

baby

babies

hotel

hotels

dictionary

dictionaries

book

books

party

parties

IES

-es after s / -ss / -sh / -ch /-x

ES

-s after ay / -ey / -oy

S

bus

buses

miss

misses

day

days

wash

washed

monkey

monkeys

search

searches

boy

boys

box

boxes

-es after o
ES

potato

potatoes

go

goes

do

does

-ves after f / -fe

S

shelf

shelves

knife

knives

wife

wives

-no change
SINGULAR

-irregular
SINGULAR

PLURAL

man

men

foot

feet

goose

geese

louse

lice

mouse

mice

tooth

teeth

woman

women

child

children

person

people

deer

deer

fish

fish

means

means

offspring

offspring

series

series

sheep

sheep

species

species

cattle

cattle

-only plural these words take a plural verb : are

PLURAL

trousers

pyjamas

glasses

binoculars

scissors

shorts

jeans

tights

police

Possessive nouns:

Most words simply get s (apostrophe)

The box belonging to Steve = Steves box

The bedroom of the child = the childs bedroom

Plural nouns ending in s; simply get (s)

The box belonging to the girls = the girls box

The bedroom of the kids = the kids bedroom

For irregular plurals, add s

The coats of the women = the womens coats

The jackets of the children = the childrens jackets

For names ending in s, add s or alternatively just add (s)

The cat belonging to Charles = Charless cat

The cat belonging to Charles = Charles cat

The jacket of the Phyllis = Phylliss jackets

The jacket of the Phyllis = Phyllis jackets

We use of for things, places etc.

Look at the roof of that building.

We didnt see the beginning of the film.

Whats the name of this village?

Do you know the cause of the problem?

You can sit in the back of the car.

Madrid is the capital of Spain

PLURAL

EXERCISES:
1. Underline the nouns in the following sentences.
1.

Kittens and cats make fun pets.

2.

Terry has a beautiful garden.

3.

Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water.

4.

Mr & Mrs. Ingalls built a little house on the prairie.

5.

I read some very interesting articles in that magazine.

6.

Shawn plays football every Saturday.

7.

My cat isnt allowed to sit on the table.

8.

Where is your book?

9.

The children like ice cream.

10. Ms. Mallory is the teacher of English.com.

11. Our teacher handed out the papers.
12. The bus went own the wrong road.
13. That dog chased the boys up a tree
14. My mom and dad helped me with my homework.
15. The doctor visited the patient at the hospital.
16. Our team won the big game!

2. What are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. Write a / an if necessary.

Its salt.

Its a spoon.

Its a jug.

Its milk

Its toothpaste.

Its a toothbrush.

Its an egg

Its money.

Its a wallet.

Its sand.

Its a bucket.

Its an envelope.

3. Some of these sentences are right, but some of them need a / an. Put in a / an where necessary.
1.

a watch

I havent got watch.

8.

a wonderful Music is wonderful thing.

2.

Do you like cheese?

9.

an island

3.

a hat

Ann never wears hat.

10. a key

4.

a job

Are you looking for job?

11.

5.

Mary doesnt eat meat.

12. a good

Ive got good idea.

6.

an apple

Mary eats apple every day.

13. a car

Can you drive car?

7.

a party

Im going to party tonight.

14. a cup

Do you want cup of coffee?

Jamaica is island.
I dont need key.
Everybody needs food.

15.

I dont like coffee with milk.

16. an umbrella Dont go out without umbrella.

4. What are the things in the pictures? Write a or for each picture. Use the words in the boxes.
bar

cup

loaf

bread

milk

tea

bottl

glass

piece

chocolate

paper

water

jar

piece

honey

soup

wood

e
bowl

7.

1.

a bottle of milk

4.

a bar of chocolate

2.

a piece of wood

5.

a cup of tea

8.

a loaf of bread

3.

a glass of water

6.

a piece of paper

9.

a jar of honey

bowl of soup

5. Some of these sentences need a / an. Correct the sentences where necessary.
1.

Joe goes everywhere by bike. He hasn't got car

c car

2.

Helen was listening to music when I arrived.

3.

We went to very nice restaurant last weekend.

a very nice

4.

I clean my teeth with toothpaste.

5.

I use toothbrush to clean my teeth.

a toothbrush

6.

Can you tell me if there's bank near here?

a bank

7.

My brother works for insurance company in London.

an insurance company

8.

I don't like violence.

9.

Can you smell paint?

10. When we were in Rome, we stayed in big hotel.

a big hotel

11. We need petrol. I hope we get to petrol station soon.

a petrol station

12. I wonder if you can help me. I have problem.

a problem

13. I like your suggestion. It's very interesting idea

a very interesting idea

14. John has got interview for job tomorrow.

an interview

15. I like volleyball. It's good game.

a good game

16. Liz doesn't usually wear jewellery.

17. Jane was wearing beautiful necklace.

a beautiful necklace

6. Complete the sentences using the following words. Use a / an where necessary.
accident / biscuit

/ blood

/ coat

/ decision

/ electricity / interview

/ sugar
1.

It wasn't your fault. It was an accident.

2.

Listen! Can you hear music?

3.

I couldn't get into the house because I didn't have a key.

4.

It's very warm today. Why are you wearing a coat?

5.

Do you take sugar in your coffee?

6.

Are you hungry? Would you like a biscuit with your coffee?

/ key

/ moment

/ music / question

7.

Our lives would be very difficult without electricity.

8.

'I had an interview for a job yesterday.' 'Did you? How did it go?'

9.

The heart pumps blood through the body.

10. Excuse me, but can I ask you a question?

11. I'm not ready yet. Can you wait a moment, please?
12. We can't delay much longer. We have to make a decision soon.

7. Complete the sentences using the following words. Sometimes the word needs to be plural (-s), and sometimes you
need to use a / an.
air / day / friend / language / letter / patience / people / photograph
1.

I had my camera, but I didn't take any photographs?

2.

There are seven days in a week.

3.

A vegetarian is a person who doesn't eat meat

4.

Outside the cinema there was a queue of people waiting to see the film.

5.

I'm not very good at writing letters

6.

Last night I went out with some friends of mine.

7.

There were very few people in town today. The streets were almost empty.

8.

I'm going out for a walk. I need some fresh air.

9.

Gary always wants things quickly. He hasn't got much patience.

/ queue

/ space

/ meat

/ umbrella

10. I think it's going to rain. Do you have an umbrella I could borrow?
11. Do you speak any foreign languages?
12. Our flat is very small. We haven't got much space.

8. Which of the highlighted parts of these sentences is correct?

1.

'Did you hear noise-/ a noise just now?' 'No, I didn't hear anything.'

2.

a If you want to know the news, you can read paper / a paper.
b I want to print some documents, but the printer is out of paper / papers.

3.

a I thought there was somebody in the house because there was light / a light on inside.
b Light / A light comes from the sun.
a I was in a hurry this morning. I didn't have time / a time for breakfast.
b 'Did you enjoy your holiday?' 'Yes, we had wonderful time / a wonderful time.'

4.

This is nice room / a nice room. Did you decorate it yourself?

5.

Sue was very helpful. She gave us some very useful advice / advices.

6.

Did you have nice weather / a nice weather when you were away?

7.

We were very unfortunate. We had bad luck / a bad luck.

8.

Is it difficult to find a work / job at the moment?

9.

Our travel/journey from Paris to Moscow by train was very tiring.

10. When the fire alarm rang, there was total chaos / a total chaos.
11. I had to buy a / some bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches.
12. Bad news don't / doesn't make people happy.
13. Your hair is / Your hairs are too long. You should have it / them cut.
14. The damage / the damages caused by the storm will cost a lot to repair.

9. Complete the sentences using the following words. Use the plural (-s) where necessary.
advice / chair / experience / experience / furniture / hair
progress /

work

/ information

/ job

/ luggage

/ permission

1.

I didn't have much luggage - just two small bags.

2.

They'll tell you all you want to know. They'll give you plenty of information.

3.

There is room for everybody to sit down. There are plenty of chairs.

4.

We have no furniture, not even a bed or a table.

5.

'What does Alan look like?' 'He's got a long beard and very short hair'

6.

Carla's English is better than it was. She's made progress.

7.

Mike is unemployed. He can't get a job.

8.

Mike is unemployed. He can't get work.

9.

If you want to leave early, you have to ask for permission.

10. I didn't know what to do. So I asked Chris for advice.

11. I don't think Dan will get the job. He doesn't have enough experience.
12. Paul has done many interesting things. He could write a book about his experiences.

10. Choose the correct form of the verb. Singular or plural. In one sentence either the singular or plural verb is
possible.
1.

Gymnastics is /are my favourite sport.

2.

The trousers you bought for me doesn't / don't fit me.

3.

The police want / wants to interview two men about the robbery last week.

4.

Physics was / were my best subject at school.

5.

Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn't / aren't sharp enough.

6.

Fortunately the news wasn't / weren't as bad as we expected.

7.

Where does / do your family live?

8.

Three days isn't / aren't long enough for a good holiday. [we think of a sum of money, a period of time, etc. as one thing]

9.

I can't find my binoculars. Do you know where it is / they are?

10. It's a nice place to visit. The people is / are very friendly.
11. Does / Do the police know how the accident happened?
12. I don't like very hot weather. Thirty degrees is / are too hot for me.

11. Most of these sentences are wrong. Correct them where necessary.
1.

Three years are a long time to be without a job.

is

2.

The government want to increase taxes.

3.

Susan was wearing a black jeans.

wearing black jeans

4.

Brazil are playing Italy in a football match next week

5.

I like Martin and Jane. They're very nice persons.

people

6.

I need more than ten pounds. Ten pounds aren't enough

isnt

7.

I'm going to buy a new pyjama.

New pyjamas or some new pyjamas

8.

The committee haven't made a decision yet.

9.

There was a police directing traffic in the street.

There was a police officer

or wants
or is playing

or hasnt

10. What is the police going to do?

are the police

11. This scissors isn't very sharp.

These scissors arent

12. What did you buy? Use the pictures to make sentences. (I bought).

1.

I bought some perfume, a hat and some shoes.

2.

I bought a newspaper, (a paper), some flowers (a bunch of flowers) and a pen.

3.

I bought some stamps, some postcards and some bread (loaf of bread)

4.

I bought some toothpaste, some soap (a bar of soap) and a comb

13. Write sentences with Would you like a ? or Would you like some?

1.

Would you like some cheese?

4.

Would you like some bread (a slice of bread)?

2.

Would you like some coffee (a cup of coffee)?

5.

Would you like a chocolate?

3.

Would you like a biscuit?

6.

Would you like some chocolate (a piece of chocolate)?

14. Put in a / an or some.

1.

I read a book and listened to some music.

2.

I need some money. I want to buy some food.

3.

We met some interesting people at the party.

4.

Im going to open a window to get some fresh air.

5.

She didnt eat much for lunch only an apple and some bread.

6.

We live in a big house. Theres a nice garden with some beautiful trees.

7.

Im going to make a table. First I need some wood.

8.

Listen to me carefully. Im going to give you some advice.

9.

I want to write a letter. I need some paper and a pen.

15. Which is right?

1.

Im going to buy some new shoe / shoes.

2.

Martin has got brown eye / eyes.

3.

Paula has got short black hair / hairs.

4.

The tourist guide gave us some information / informations about the town.

5.

Were going to buys some new chair / chairs.

6.

Were going to buy some new furniture / furnitures.

7.

Its difficult to get a work / job at the moment.

8.

We had lovely weather / a lovely weather when we were on holiday.

16. Write the plural?

1.

flower

flowers

11. holiday

holidays

21. cat

cats

2.

boat

boats

12. potato

potatoes

22. dog

dogs

3.

woman

women

13. person

people

23. song

songs

4.

city

cities

14. mouse

mice

24. basket

baskets

5.

umbrella

umbrellas

15. tooth

teeth

25. girl

girls

6.

address

addresses

16. man

men

26. dish

dishes

7.

knife

knives

17. child

children

27. kiss

kisses

8.

sandwich

sandwiches

18. wolf

wolves

28. watch

watches

9.

family

families

19. fish

fish

29. box

boxes

feet

20. leaf

leaves

30. buzz

buzzes

10. foot

17. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences?

1.

There are a lot of sheep in the field.

4.

Jill has two children.

2.

George is cleaning his teeth.

5.

There are a lot of fish in the river.

3.

There are thee people at the bus stop.

6.

The leaves are falling from the tree.

18. Some of these sentences are right but most are wrong. Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1.

Im going to buy some flowers.

2.

I need a new jeans. a new pair of jeans / some new jeans.

3.

Its a lovely park with a lot of beautiful tree. trees

4.

There was a woman in the car with two mens. men

5.

Sheep eat grass.

6.

David is married had three childs. children

7.

Most of my friend are student. friends / students

8.

He put on his pyjama and went to bed. people

9.

We went fishing but we didnt catch many fish.

10.

Do you know many persons in this town? people

11.

I like your trouser. Where did you buy it? trousers / them

12.

The town centre is usually full of tourist. tourists

13.
14.

I dont like mice. Im afraid of them.

This scissor isnt very sharp. These scissors arent

19. Which is right?

1.

Its a nice place. Many people go / goes there for a holiday.

2.

Some people is / are always late.

3.

The president is not popular. The people dont / doesnt like him.

4.

A lot of people watch / watches TV every day.

5.

Three people was / were injured in the accident.

6.

How many people live / lives in that house?

7.

Do / Does the police carry guns in your country?

8.

The police is / are looking for the stolen car.

9.

I need m glasses but I cant find it / them.

10. Im going to buy a / some new jeans today.

20. Countable or Uncountable?

MAN

CASH

EQUIPMENT

WOMAN

EXPENSE

APPLE

AIR

ORANGE

DOLLAR

WATER

PERSON

SUN

BEER

ORANGE JUICE

NEWSPAPER

MONEY

BANANA

KNOWLEDGE

DESK

OIL

OXYGEN

MILK

PETROL

TENNIS

CAR

FURNITURE

CONCRETE

CHAIR

NEWS

SEAT

BATHROOM

COFFEE

CURRENCY

HORSE

COTTON

ADVERT

FINGER

COMPUTER

CHILD

HOUSE

BUS

HEAT

LESSON

DOOR

KNIFE

RICE

FLAT

ADVICE

BUTTER

ROAD

INFORMATION

21. Which is the correct plural?

1.

CHILD

a.

CHILDS

b.

CHILDS

c.

CHILDREN

2.

HALF

a.

HALFS

b.

HALVES

c.

HALFS

3.

POTATO

a.

POTATOS

b.

POTATOES

c.

BOTH

4.

FISH

a.

FISH

b.

FISHES

c.

BOTH

5.

GOOSE

a.

GEESES

b.

GEESE

c.

GOOSES

6.

AIRCRAFT

a.

AIRCRAFT

b.

AIRCRAFTS

c.

BOTH

7.

CHURCH

a.

CHURCHES

b.

CHURCH

c.

CHURCHS

8.

WOMAN

a.

WOMANS

b.

WOMEN

c.

BOTH

9.

FLY

a.

FLYS

b.

FLIES

c.

FLYS

10. SHEEP

a.

SHEEP

b.

SHEEPS

c.

SHEEPS

11. FOOT

a.

FOOT

b.

FEET

c.

FOOTS

12. OX

a.

OX

b.

OXES

c.

OXEN

13. BOX

a.

BOX

b.

BOXES

c.

BOXEN

14. MOUSE

a.

MOUSESS

b.

MOUSES

c.

MICE

22. Look at the

sentences about
family.

family tree. Write

the people in the

1.

(Brian / husband) Brian is Marys husband.

7.

(Mary / grandmother) Mary is Daniels grandmother.

2.

(Julia / mother) Julia is Daniels mother.

8.

(Julia / sister) Julia is James sister.

3.

(Mary / wife) Mary is Brians wife.

9.

(Paul / husband) Paul is Julias husband.

4.

(James / brother) James is Julias brother.

10. (Paul / father) Paul is Daniels father.

5.

(James / uncle) James is Daniels uncle.

11. (Daniel / nephew) Daniel is James nephew.

6.

(Julia / wife) Julia is Pauls wife.

23. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.

Whose is this?

Whose is this?

Alices

Davids

Whose is this?

Whose is this?

Andys

Janes

24. Are these sentences ok? Correct the sentences where necessary.
1.

I stayed at the house of my sister.

my sisters house

2.

What is the name of this village?

3.

Do you like the colour of this coat?

4.

Do you know the phone number of Bill?

Bills phone number?

5.

The job of my brother is very interesting.

My brothers job

6.

Write your name at the top of the page.

Whose is this?
Dianes

Whose is this?
Alices

7.

For me the morning is the best part of the day.

8.

The favourite colour of Paula is blue.

Paulas favourite colour

9.

When is the birthday of your mother?

your mothers birthday?

10. The house of my parents isnt very big.

My parents house

11. The walls of this house are very thin.

12. The car stopped at the end of the street.

13. Are you going to the party of Silvia next week?

Silvias party

14. The manager of the hotel is on holiday at the moment.

15. Who is the owner of this restaurant?

16. Where are the children of Chris?

Chris children?

17. Is this the umbrella of your friend?

your friends umbrella?

18. Ive never met the daughter of Charles.

Charles daughter

19. Have you met the son of Mary and Dan?

Mary and Dans son?

20. We dont know the cause of the problem.

21. Do we still have the newspaper of yesterday?

yesterdays newspaper?

22. Whats the name of this street?

23. What is the cost of a new computer?

24. The friends of your children are here.

Your childrens friends

25. The garden of our neighbours is very nice.

Our neighbours garden

26. I work on the ground floor of the building.

27. The hair of Bill is very long.

Bills hair

28. I couldnt go to the party of Catherine.

Catherines party.

29. Whats the name of the woman who lives next door?

30. Have you seen the car of the parents of Mike?

Mikes parents car?

31. What the meaning of this expression?

32. Do you agree with the economic policy of the government?

or the governments economic policy?

25. What is another way of saying these things? Use s.

1.

a hat for a woman

a womans hat

4.

a school for girls

a girls school

2.

a name for a boy

a boys name

5.

a nest for a bird

a birds nest

3.

clothes for children

childrens clothes

6.

a magazine for women

a womens magazine

26. What is the correct plural of the word?

1.

How many (person) people study English as a second language?

2.

Five (woman) women opened a computer services company.

3.

Even (child) children enjoy learning on the Internet.

4.

Most basketball players are 6 (foot) feet tall or more.

5.

Which breed of (sheep) sheep produces the finest wool?

6.

My (tooth) teeth are sensitive to the cold.

7.

At daylight savings time, we have to change our (watch) watches.

8.

The boy went fishing and caught 10 (fish) fish.

9.

There are 10 (man) men in the Maintenance Department.

10. The (wife) wives keep their (knife) knives on the (shelf) shelves.

27. Complete the sentences with the correct possessive noun.

1.

the house belonging to Julie

That is Julies house.

2.

the name of the cat

My Julies name is Maggie.

3.

the car belonging to my friend

My friends car.

4.

the newspaper from yesterday

Did you read yesterdays newspaper?

5.

the restroom for ladies

Where is the ladies restroom?

6.

the cars belonging to my friends

I saw my friends cars in the parking lot.

7.

the tests taken by the students

The teacher will return the students tests after lunch.

8.

the restroom for men

Where is the mens restroom?

9.

the choice of the people

Vote for this candidate. He is the peoples choice.

10. the tracks of the geese

It was easy to follow the geeses tracks in the snow.

11. the house belonging to Mr. Janis

Where is Mr. Janis house?

12. the shoes belonging to Curtis

Those are Curtis shoes.

13. the sister of Ross

Monica is Ross sister.

28. Choose the correct possessive noun for each sentence.

1.

I met Mrs. Browns daughter / Mrs. Browns daughter / Mrs. Brownss daughter.

2.

Welcome to our home. You may sleep in my sons bedroom / my sonss bedroom / my sons bedroom tonight. (one son)

3.

I met Franks sister / Franks sister / Frankss sister at a party last week.

4.

Why are you reading yesterdays newspaper / yesterdays newspaper / yesterdays newspaper?

5.

The bicycles child / childs bicycle / childss bicycle is damaged.

6.

Sara is my wifes name / my wifes name / my names wife.

7.

I heard the cowss bell / the cows bell / the bells cow ringing earlier.

8.

Pauls friend / Paulss friend / Pauls friend is about to leave.

9.

On Thanksgiving, a turkeys life / a turkeys life / a turkeyss life is short. (the life of a turkey)

10. Abraham Lincoln was Americas 16

th

President / Americass 16th President / Americas 16th President.

29. Decide whether to use much or many.

1.

She has so many / much friends!

2.

Too many / much cooks spoil the broth.

3.

Hurry up. I dont have so many / much time.

4.

We went to a dairy yesterday. I had never seen so many / much cows before.

5.

Its also quite amazing how many / much milk these cows produce every day.

6.

You have too many / much money. Wont you share it with me?

7.

There are so many / much poor people in the world.

8.

There are to many / much children in the house.

9.

My father doesnt drink many / much coffee.

10. How many / much of you have ever been to London?

Spelling Plural Nouns ADDING S

Rule 1. MOST NOUNS

To pluralize most nouns, simply add S.
Examples: a. one cat two cats
b. one lake two lakes
c. one boy two boys

Rule 2. CONSONANT + Y
To pluralize consonant + Y nouns, change Y to IES.
Examples: a. one city two cities
b. one baby two babies

Exercise 1. Write the plural nouns.

ONE
TWO
E.g. telephone
telephones

Exercise 2. Write the plural nouns.

ONE
TWO
E.g. family
families

* * *NOTE: Vowel + Y follows Rule 1.

1. friend

friends

1. dictionary

dictionaries

2. banana

bananas

2. toy

toys

3. television

televisions

3. body

bodies

4. piano

pianos

4. discovery

discoveries

5. computer

computers

5. holiday

holidays

Rule 3. NOUNS WITH F

To pluralize nouns with F, change F to VES.
Examples: a. one shelf two shelves
b. myself ourselves
***NOTE: This rule does NOT work with:
roof, hoof, chief, belief, cliff

Rule 4. ADD ES
To pluralize nouns ending in -ch -sh -s -x -z add ES.
Examples: a. one church two churches
b. one wish two wishes
c. one kiss two kisses
d. one box two boxes
e. one buzz two buzzes

Exercise 3. Write the plural nouns.

ONE
TWO
E.g. wife
wives

Exercise 4. Write the plural nouns.

ONE
TWO
E.g. fax
faxes

1. knife

knives

1. wristwatch

wristwatches

2. life

lives

2. batch

batches

3. roof

roofs

3. dish

dishes

4. belief

beliefs

4. blintz

blintzes

5. half

halves

5. mix

mixes

Exercise 5. Write the plural nouns.

ONE

TWO

ONE

TWO

1. cherry

cherries

11. donkey

2. dog

dogs

12. laboratory laboratories

donkeys

ONE

TWO

21. loaf

loaves

22. room

rooms

3. day

days

13. bus

buses

23. wolf

wolves

4. berry

berries

14. beach

beaches

24. boss

bosses

5. love

loves

15. student

students

25. class

classes

6. boyfriend

boyfriends

16. lady

ladies

26. factory

factories

7. sweetheart sweethearts

17. sister

sisters

27. monkey

monkeys

8. university universities

18. rash

rashes

28. fox

foxes

9. song

songs

19. thief

thieves

29. match

matches

10. leaf

leaves

20. glass

glasses

30. brother

brothers