Science Form 1

Unit 6 Sources of Energy

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6.1

THE VARIOUS FORMS AND SOURCES

OF ENERGY

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6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of E

Kinetic energy
Chemical energy
Electrical energy
P

Light energy
Sound energy
Heat energy

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Potential energy

Potential energy is the stored energy o position

possessed by an object.

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Chemical energy

Chemical Energy is energy stored in th of atoms

and molecules. It is the energ holds these particles
together.
Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and p are examples
of stored chemical energ

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Nuclear energy

Nuclear energy is energy obtained from the

nucleus of some atoms.

Energy can be released fr in two ways: nuclear fusio

nuclear fission.

The fuel most widely u by nuclear plants for nuclear

fission is urani
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Nuclear plan

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Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is motion of objects.

Moving water and wind are good exam kinetic
energy.

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Heat Energy
The Sun is the main source of heat energy.
Heat energy flows from a region with a higher
temperature to a region with a lower temperature.

When heat energy is supplied to matter, its tempe

rises.
Examples:

Burning fuels
Sunshine
Volcanic explosions and hot springs
Electrical heaters
Substances taking part in chemical reactions

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Light Energy

Light energy enables us to see things.

The Sun is the main source of light energy a

known as solar energy.

Examples:

A burning candle or firewood

Lightning flashes
Lighted filament bulbs or fluorescent lamps

The combustion of magnesium in oxygen

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Sound Energy

Sound energy is produced by vibrations and in the form

of waves through air.
Sound energy can be transferred through sol liquids and
gases but cannot travel through a vacuum.
Examples:

i. Audio-visual aids and musical instruments

A ticking clock
A ringing bell.

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Mechanical Energy

Mechanical energy is the total

of kinetic energy a
potential energy possessed
by an object.
Mechanical energy is produced by machines or bodi changing their
position.

Examples:
a pendulum clock that oscillates
the downward and upward movement of a boy's l pedaling a
bicycle
the up and down movement of a see- saw

the turning wheels of a vehicle

a rotating fan blade
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Electrical Energy

Electrical energy is the energy carried by electric cur

A large amount of electrical energy can be produced

generators

Examples:

and

power plants.

A bicycle dynamo
Solar cells and solar panels
Generators in electric power stations
Lightning
Batteries or dry cells
Accumulators
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Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Energy can be transferred from one form to

another.

 Energy converters

change

one form of energy into

another form.
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The Various Sources of Ene

Geothermal

Solar
Water

Coal

Firewood

Natural gas

Wind

and

petroleum

Waves

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Fossil fuels

Include coal, petroleum, natural gas.

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How Is Petroleum Used

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Diesel

Diesel can only be used in a diesel engi type of internal

combustion engine use

many cars, boats, trucks, trains, buses, farm and

construction vehicles.

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Petrol (Gasoline)

Uses as fuel for car engines.

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Liquefied petroleum (LPG)

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Coal -- a fossil fuel

What is coal ?

Where do we use co

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock

composed mostly of carbon and hydrocarbons

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HOW COAL IS USED

FOR ELECTRIC POWER
. Power plants burn coal to make steam. The turns turbines
which generate electricity.

FOR MAKING STEEL

Coal is baked in hot furnaces to make coke , used to

smelt iron ore into iron needed for m steel.

"Coke" is a solid carbon made from coal

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Radioactive substances

Nuclear or radioactive substances such as ur and plutonium are

used to produce nuclear

Nuclear energy is used for

generating electrical energy
supplying energy for submarines and ships

producing atomic or hydrogen bombs

supplying energy for satellites, meteorolo stations and
lighthouses

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Geothermal source

Geothermal energy is heat from within earth.

We can use the steam and hot water

produced inside the earth to heat buil generate

electricity

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Biomass fuels

What is Biomass?
Biomass is organic material made from plants and
animals.

Methane is used as fuel to heat water and produce

electrical energy.

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BIOMASS AS A TRANPSORTATION

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Environmental Benefits (Bio

No net increase atmospheric ca dioxide.

restore and ens stability and he along with mini chemical

residu habitat destruc

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Water (hydro)

The kinetic energy of water can be use generate

hydroelectric energy.
The production and use of hydroelectri energy does
not pollute the environme

Hydroelectric Plant
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Wind
Wind energy is used for
pumping water from ponds
moving sailing ships at sea
turning wind turbines to generate

electrical energy

It is also a non-polluting energy because it does not

produce any green house

effect gases.
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Parts of An Electric generating Win

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Solar
Solar Power is energy obtained by the the form of
light.
Solar energy is used for
heating water in homes
producing electrical energy

Photovoltaic (PV devices cells change sunlight di electricity

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Solar panel
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Solar energy can be collected by u various

devices:
Solar cells.
Used in calculators, watches and satell

Solar panels.
Absorb heat energy from the Sun.

Used to heat the water under the

Usually found on rooftop.

Solar furnaces.
Generate electrical energy.
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The major disadvantages of solar e

The amount of sunlight that arrives at t earth's surface

is not constant. It depen

location, time of day, time of year, and weather

conditions.

Because the sun doesn't deliver that m energy to any

one place at any one tim large surface area is required
to collect

energy at a useful rate.

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Wave

Waves are caused by the wind blowing the surface of

the ocean. Waves have potential and kinetic energy.
Waves can be used to generate electric

energy through the movements of th connected to

the power station.

wave energy plants

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Tides
Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of
the moon and sun, and the rotation of the
earth.

There are two-way systems that generate

electricity on both the incoming and

outgoing tides.
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Law of Conservation of Ene

The law of conservation of energy says that energy is neither

created nor destroyed.

When we use energy, it doesnt disappear.

We change it from one form of energy into another.

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Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency is the amount of useful energy you

get from a system.

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6.2

RENEWABLE AND NON - RENEWABLE

ENERGY SOURCES

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Nonrenewable and
renewable e sources ?
Nonrenewable energy
sources

they have been

used and will
never run out.

Free and clean.

The sources of energy that
can be replenished after

Renewable energy s

after use.

The sources of en cannot

be replenis

They are used

up faster than
they ca replaced.

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Renewable and Non-renewable Energy S

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The need to conserve ener

The supply of energy in the form of fossil fuels is limited and it will be
completely used up.
Energy conservation is an important part of lessening climate change.

Energy conservation facilitates the replacement of non-renewable

resources with renewable energy.

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Efficient Use of Energy

When a certain form of energy is used work, not

all that energy is changed to energy.
A certain part of the energy is usually as heat
energy.

The efficient use of energy is the fractio percentage of

useful energy that does

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Example:

A bulb changes only 5% of the electrica energy that is

supplied to it to light ene

95% of the electrical energy is lost as h energy.

Buy energy

efficient
Which do you use ?
products.

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Some effective ways to use energy effic

Invest highly efficient equipment.

Construct buildings that use less ener
Develop uses of alternative energy so

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1. Effectiv

2. High-Pe
Window

3. Tight Co
and duc

4. Efficient
Cooling

5. Lighting

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6.3

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSERV ENERGY

SOURCES

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Use and Management of Energy So

Energy sources are utilised in various fields:

Transport
Development
Telecommunication

Agriculture
Industry

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Energy sources must be conserved bec they are very

important to us in our da

Alternative sources of energy which are should be used

more often and more w

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To conserve sources of firewood, trees be

replanted to replace those that have cut down.

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What Can I Do to Save Ener

are both ways of
conserving energy.

Energy conservation
Energy conservation is any behavior
that results in the use of less energy.
Turning

the lights off when you leave the

room and recycling aluminum cans

Energy efficiency
Energy efficiency i of
technology that less
energy to per same
function.

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How Can Recycling Save Ene

Recycling means to use something agai

Newspapers can be used to make new

newspapers.

Aluminum cans can be used to make n aluminum

cans.
Glass jars can be used to make new gla

Recycling often saves energy and natur resources

through conservation.

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