Answer Keys

Microscopes and cells

1. Identify which type of microscope you would use to study
a. The internal structure of a dead human liver cell- TEM
b. The finest details of surface texture of a human hair- SEM
c. The changes in shape of a living human white blood cell- light
microscope
2. Name three structures in plant cells that animal cells lack.- central vacuole,
chloroplasts, cell wall
3. How is the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell unlike the nucleus of a eukaryotic
cell?- not membrane bound
4. Name four structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
DNA, ribosomes, cytosol, plasma membrane
5. If you wanted to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division, the best
choice for a microscope would be a
a. light microscope, because of its magnifying power
b. transmission electron microscope, because of its resolving power
c. scanning electron microscope, because the chromosomes are on the cell
surface
d. light microscope, because the specimen must be kept alive.
6. You look into a light microscope and view an unknown cell. What might you see
that would tell you whether the cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
a nucleus would tell you it is a eukaryotic cell

Membranes and Membrane Transport

1. If someone at the other end of a restaurant smokes a cigarette, you may
breathe in some smokes. The movement of smoke is similar to what type of
transport?- diffusion
2. The total solute concentration in a red blood cell is about 2%. Sucrose
cannot pass through a red blood cells plasma membrane, but water and urea
can. Osmosis will cause such a cell to shrink the most when a cell is
immersed in what type of solution (hint: either a hyper or hypotonic solution
of either sucrose or urea). hypertonic sucrose

3. Which types of cellular transport require energy? (be specific to which

type) active transport
4. What is the primary difference between passive and active transport in
terms of concentration gradients? passive goes down a concentration
gradient (from high to low) and active goes against a concentration gradient
(from low to high)
5. A ___________________________ is a process that links the reception of a cell
signal to a response within the cell. cell signaling pathway

Energy and Enzymes

1. Why does removing a phosphate group from the triphosphate tail in a
molecule of ATP release energy?- there is potential energy stored in each
bond in the phosphate tail
2. Explain how ATP powers cellular work.- a molecule of phosphate breaks off
and releases energy
3. What is the source of energy for regenerating ATP from ADP?- food
4. Explain how an inhibitor can disrupt an enzymes action without binding to
the active site.- by binding to another spot on the enzyme and causing a
conformation change
5. How does an enzyme recognize its substrate?- with its active site
6. How does an enzyme affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction?it lowers it