03 HeavyTransport 2day UK 50 Pages - Key

1.
General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
4.Lifting with two Cranes
5.Maintenance & Inspection
6.Skidding & Jacking Techniques
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
9.Load-outs of Heavy Lifts
10.Safety & Risk Management
11.Accidents & How to avoid them
3.Heavy Transport with hydraulic platform

trailers
Jan.2010
www.heavyliftspecialist.com
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Difference between Platform trailers and

standard flatbed trailers
Hydraulic cilinder
Spring
system
Swing arm
2. Standard flatbed trailer
1. Platformtrailer
Spring function by means of a

hydraulic suspension with nitrogen
accumulators
A certain load creates a certain oil
pressure in the system
Every axle pushes with the same load
on the road surface
The hydraulic suspension is at the same
time a built in jacking system
Steering is via a drawbar that activates
hydraulic steering cylinders, which in
turn activate each axle with a certain
steering angle
The steering function can also be
activated with a separate power pack
Spring function by means of steel springs

or swing arms
A certain load on the trailer pushes the
springs in
Every axle takes a load depending on
the pressure on the spring system
No built in jacking system
Steering always by means of tractor unit
3.USA Dollie transport example
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
2. Manufacturer has adapted his Platform trailer by leaving out some axlelines
1. To meet the USA Higway load-limit requirements, dollie systems are often used
3
3.Principle of the hydraulic platform trailer
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. Biggest advantage is the

absorbtion of uneveness
in the road
2. Large payload per axle
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. By means of hydraulics the

load per axle is distributed
evenly
2. We can create a 3- or a 4point suspension system
SADDLE PROJECTS OVER

SIDE OF TRAILER
TO FACILITATE LOADING/UNLOADING
OF CARGO
SUPPORTS FROM WHICH
CARGO CAN BE PICKED UP
OR PLACED DOWN BY MEANS OF
TRAILERS HYDRAULIC SUSPENSION
6200
8000

SPMT=Self Propelled
Modular Transporter
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
Conventional Nicolas Platform trailer
ADVANTAGES:
More payload per axleline
Hydraulic axle leveling
Built in jacking system
Hydraulic steering system
Standard modules can be coupled
together to large units
DISADVANTAGES:
More expensive trailer
More maintenance
Lower driving speed
Need a special permit in
most cases
6
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. Max. stroke of hydraulic cylinder is approx. 600-700 mm

2. Oneveness in the road must stay within this max. stroke
3. Due to hydraulic piping between all suspension cylinders,
oil will flow between axle suspension cylinders and equalize
unevenesses in the road
7
3.Capacity of Conventional Platform trailers

(pulled by heavy duty tractor unit)
6 axleline Platformtrailer
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
single wide ( 2 File)

1200+300
1800
3000
1500
Specification of Conventional Platform trailers

1. Double tires (8 tires = one axleline 3 m wide)
2. Net average payload approx. 25-30 Ton (3 m wide) = 3,125 3,75
ton / tire
3. Average own weight per axleline approx. 3-5 ton depending on
manufacturer
4. Well known brands are: Goldhofer, Scheuerle, Cometto and
Nicolas
5. The trailers can be bought in modular units of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8
lines of 3-3,6 m wide
6. The axleline distance varies from approx. 1.40 1,80 m
depending on the application and manufacturer (In Europe mostly
1,5 m)
7. Due to the modular format one can compose trailers with upto 36
axlellines
8. There are also trailers that can be split lengthwise, thereby
creating a trailer with 3 files (1 ! wide)
9. Steering is by means of steering rods and hydraulic cylinders
10. The trailer cannot turn on the spot
1 1/2 wide ( 3 File)
4700
double wide ( 4 File)
3200
6200
There are now also Self
Propelled Conventional
Platform Trailers
8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What trailer combination is needed for a pressure vessel of 50 m long, a diam. of 7.5 m and a weight of 466
Ton, with equal load division over the two transport saddles
One could select a single 12 axleline trailer with turntable and at the rear on a double wide 6 axleline
trailer with turntable. Due to the large diameter of the column one has coupled the rear trailer as a double
wide unit to ensure sufficient stability.
Net payload approx.12 x 25 = 300 ton per trailer: total approx. 600 ton payload
A single MAN heavy duty tractor unit is used for propulsion (on a horizontal level this is just sufficient)
Max. pulling force of MAN with GVW of 32 ton = +0,85 x 32 = 27.2 Ton
Friction is approx. 2-3% of Gross Vehicle weight: 466 Ton + 96 + 32 ton = 594 ton x 0.03 =17.82 Ton
1.
2.
3.
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
What trailer combination is needed for transport of a reactor of 35 m long, a diam. of 5.5 m and a weight of
810 Ton, supported by 4 steel transport saddles equally spread over 20 m length of the reactor
We selected here a set of double wide 18 axlelines of Self Propelled Conventional Goldhofer Platform
trailers (Net payload approx. 2 x18 x 25 = 900 Ton).
Notice the 4 transport saddles with steel support beams in order to be able to load/unload the column without
the help of cranes
10
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Capacity of SPMTs
Specification of Self Propelled Modular

Transporters (SPMTs)
Basic unit
8400
4 x 6 axleline
SPMTs composed
to one unit with 2
powerpacks
Single SPMT
2430
Double SPMT
Net payload of a 6 axleline

unit is approx. 180 ton
1. Single tires (4 tires = one axleline = 2,43 m

wide)
2. Net average payload approx. 30-35 Ton (2,43
m wide) = 7,5 8,75 ton / tire
3. Average own weight per axleline approx.
3,75-4,5 ton depending on manufacturer
4. Well known brands are: Scheuerle, Kamag,
Nicolas, Cometto and Goldhofer
5. The trailers can be bought in Modular units of 4
and 6 axlelines of 2,43 m wide
6. The axleline distance is in most cases 1.40 m
7. Because of the modular format one can
compose trailer configurations of almost
unlimited size and payloads.
8. There are also trailers that can be split
lengthwise, hereby creating a more stable unit
or 3 file wide unit ( 1 ! wide)
9. Because of the computer steering mode of
each individual axle one can place each trailer
unit apart from each other under the load and
still drive as one trailer combination
10. The trailer can drive sideways, crawl or turn
on the spot (Carousel mode)
11
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Capacity of SPMTs
1.
Transport of 1050 Tons heavy reactors for the Shell Pearl Project in Qatar on 2x18 lines + 1x12 lines
2.
SPMTs, individually placed under the transport frame

Total 48 lines SPMTs per reactor = Net Capacity : approx. 48 x 30 = 1440 Ton
12
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Capacity of SPMTs
1.
2.
3.
4.
What trailer configuration is suitable for a 495 tons reactor of 4,8 m diam. and a length of 28 m with
only two steel transport saddles spaced at 17 m from each other.
For the transport of this 495 Tons Reactor we used 2 x 20 lines Scheuerle SPMTs with a net payload
of 1200 ton, hereby limiting the load per tire to 4.22 Ts/tire
Steel beams under the transport saddles enable loading and unloading without the need for cranes
The first axleline is pulled up in order to roll-off easier from the barge and negotiate turns
13
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Stability of Trailers
1. How do we avoid tipping over of a transport
combination?
2. Watch the location of CoG of load and traler
in relation to the tipping lines and level the
trailer in time
TRAILER STABILITY
STABLE SITUATION
TRAILER ON HORIZONTAL ROAD
IDEAL SITUATION
MORE LOAD ON LEFT AXLES

DUE TO CAMBER IN ROAD
TRAILER MUST BE LEVELED
CoG STILL WITHIN TIPPING LINES
TIPPING OF TRAILER
ALL LOAD ON LEFT AXLES
UNSTABLE SITUATION
CoG PASSES OVER TIPPING LINE
CAMBER OF ROAD CAN BE

NEGOTIATED SAFELY
PROVIDED TRAILER BED IS
LEVELED WITH HYDRAULIC
SUSPENSION SYSTEM
14
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. As long as the force of the combined CoG

stays within the tipping lines, there is no
danger
2. At a certain road camber the force will get

closer and closer to the tipping line.
Because of the list of the load, the left tires
will get more load and the tires will be pushed
in, hereby creating even more list of the
combination.
3. Make sure you do not reach this situation,
as at a certain moment the pressure in the
suspension is already so high that you cannot
level the trailer anymore
15
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
4. At a certain moment the force will go over the tipping line and
the transport combination will tip over.
PAY ATTENTION:
This can happen earlier then one thinks, due to dynamic effects,
unaccuracy of the CoG and pushing in of the tire
5. With the hydraulic suspension system the trailer can at all times
easily be adjusted to horizontal level.
6. Use a spirit level to check this frequently!!
16
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Stability: 3- and 4- points suspension

Stability of the transport combination
1. Depending on the height of the CoG one selects
a 3- or 4 point suspension system
2. One can group the axle suspension cylinders in
3 or 4 hydraulic groups (=points = fields)
3. These hydraulic suspension points can be
created by opening or closing the right valves in
the hydraulic lines
4. PAY ATTENTION: Never open or close a
hydraulic valve before one knows what the
effect will be
A 4 point suspension system has the

best stability, compare it with a table
on 3 or 4 legs
17
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Stability: 3- and 4- point suspension

Advantages of a 3-point suspension system:
1. One can create a symmetrical or an

a-symmetrical 3 point suspension system
Easier to keep it horizontal

4
8
Always an equal load distribution on the trailer
and trailer frame and practically no danger of axle
1
overloading
Less trouble with dynamic effects, as the load is
3
always supported on 3 points and will not wobble
2
between 2 points as in a 4 point suspension
system
A-symetrical 3 point suspension
Disadvantages of a 3-point suspension system:
Advantages of a 4-point suspension system:
3
4 point suspension
2
4
Smaller stability triangle

Less suitable for high CoGs
Bigger stability rectangle

More suitable for high CoGs
Disadvantages of a 4-point suspension system:
More difficult to level the trailer bed

Sooner danger of overloading of axles or the
trailer frame
18
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.A Load placed on a flat bed trailer

1. The combined CoG can be calculated as
follows: 25 x 5 + 10 x 1 = 35 x Y
Y = 3.85 m
2. Stability angle of the load = arctg (1.15/5)
=12,95o without accounting the own weight of
the trailer (due to the fixed axle one takes the outer tire rim)
3. Stability angle of the combined transport
combination = arctg(1.15/3.85) = 16,63o
4. Conclusion:
A better stability is realized when the load is
secured to the trailer and consider it as one
combined transport combination
25 Ton
5m
Y
1m
10 Ton
2.3 m
Make sure that at all times the CoG stays

within the tipping lines of the trailer
Weight. Load = 25 ton

Weight. Trailer = 10 ton
19
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Stability of a Self Propelled Modular

Transporter (SPMT)
1.
The combined CoG can be calculated as

follows: 670 x 4,894 + 90 x 0,75 = 760 x Y
Y = 4,40 m
2.
By drawing on scale the tipping lines (at a 3- or

4 point suspension) one can calculate the
theoretical tipping angle.
! Double wide SPMT 5,33 m wide 12 axlelines

! Weight of trailer 4 x 22,5 ton = 90 Ton
! Max. stroke of hydraulic cil. = 600-700 mm
! Computer controlled steering
Tipping Lines
670 Ton
Distance to tipping line is

at 3 points much smaller
then at 4 points
4,40 m
750
90 Ton
Weight Load = 670 ton

Weight Trailer = 90 ton
1450
20

Transporter (SPMT double wide)
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
Tipping lines
6
6
1. By selecting an A-symmetrical 3 point

suspension one increases the stability
6
6
2. The same principles also apply for

conventional platform trailers
3. With a 4 points suspension system the
theoretical tipping angle in this case is:
arctg (1.45/4,4) = 18,23o
Symmetrical 3 point suspension
4. For a 3 point suspension this is half:

arctg(0,725/4,4) = 9,11o
Tipping Lines
5. For an a-symmetrical 3 point

suspension it is somewhere in
between: 13,67o
6. The a-symmetrical 3 point

suspension system is in this case
the preferred suspension system
2900
A-Symetrical 3 point suspension
Make sure that at all times the CoG of the transport
combination stays within the tipping lines

Transporter (SPMT double wide)
1. One could also select a
symmetrical 3 point suspension as per
fig. right. The theoretical tipping angles
can be calculated as below:
21
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
Tipping lines
6
2. The same principles also apply for

conventional platform trailers
3. With a 4 points suspension system the
theoretical tipping angle in this case is
still: arctg (1.45/4,4) = 18,23o
Symmetrical 3 point suspension
4. For this 3 point suspension the

theoretical tipping angle is:
arctg(1,193/4,4) = 15,17o
1450
2900
5. For an a-symmetrical 3 point

suspension it is: 13,67o
34,62o
6. This 3 point suspension system is in

this case the preferred suspension
system
2900
4200
Cos34,62o = X/1450 X = 1193 mm
Make sure that at all times the CoG of the transport
combination stays within the tipping lines
22

Transporter Critical (SPMT single unit)
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
Own Weight of 6 lines SPMT = 22.5 Ton

1. Column transported on 2x6 axlelines with
turntables (For simplicity we ignore weight
of turntables)
Stability for this set of single SPMTs
can be calculated as below:
2. With a 4 point suspension system the
theoretical tipping angle in this case is:
arctg (0.725/4.5) = 9.15o
(without taking the trailers own weight into
account)
250 T
3. When the SPMT is secured to the load,

the overall CoG will be lowered to:
250x4.5 + 45x0.75 = Y x 295
Y= 3.927 m
4. Theoretical Tipping angle for a 4 point
suspension is now:
arctg (0.725/3.927) = 10.46o
4500
3927
2x22,5 Ton
750
5. Stability in this case is critical and

trailer bed must kept level at all times
3.Conventional Platform trailer with

load tipped over
1450
23
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
UNFORTUNATE
MISHAP
1. This can happen

due to Hydraulic
Failure or
2. Not levelling the
trailer when
negotiating a
camber in the
road or making a
tight turn
3. Clearly instruct
operational
personnel on
trailer stability
before they
start their job
24
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Stability of a conventional Hydraulic

Platform trailer
1. The same principles for stability apply to
conventional platform trailers as well
2. Now a single trailer is in most case 3 m wide
(instead of 2.45 m) and therefore have a
wider stability base.
!
!
!
!
Conventional Double tires

In most cases 3 m wide
Axle distance approx.1,5-1,80 m
Max. stroke hydraulic cil. = 600 mm
3. Watch out: We only calculate the theoretical

tipping angle, in which we do not yet take
into account the following facts:
Inaccuracy during loading
Not exact known location of CoG of the
load
Deflection of tires at the side to which
the load is leaning, which only makes it
worse.
4. We also did not take into account dynamic
effects like speed and wind.
5. Therefore one should always level the
trailer when trailer stability may become
critical
1800
25
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Axle loads
603
1. Equal axleloads in case the Cog is
symmetrical to the hydraulic suspension points
2. We create hydraulic suspension points

3. In this case an a-symetrical 3 point suspension
26
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Calculation of axle loads

axleline
Individual axle
1.
We calculate the axle load by first calculating

the Gross Vehicle Weight (=Total weight of
combination)
Weight of Crawler
= 82 T
Own weight Trailer
= 41 T
GVW =123 T
2.
Load/axleline = GVW divided by number of

axlelines
3.
Load per axle = Axleline load divided by

number of axles
Load / axleline
= 10.25 T
Load / axle
= 5.13 T
Load / tire
= 1.28 T
Average.Groundload = 1.45 T/m2
3.Calculation of average groundload

(This is not a scientific approach)
27
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. The tire of a trailer is filled with air with a pressure of approx. 12 bar (=12 kgf/cm2)
2. Due to the load on the trailer, the tire will stave in and the road gives a counter pressure of 12 bar
3. The local tire pressure on the road is therefore 12 kgf/cm2, which boils down to a pressure of
120000 kgf/m2 = 120 ton/m2
4. This is the same principle as the lady with high heels (60 kg on 2 cm2 = 30 kgf/cm2 = 300 Ton/m2)
5. We therefore calculate an average groundload at a certain distance below the road surface
28
3.Calculation of average groundload

(This is not a scientific approach)
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
2
2
2
1. In order to calculate the average groundload below the tires we draw lines under an angle
of 45o. These lines represent the load spreading on the road surface
2. At a depth of approx. ! the axle distance, these lines cross each other and we assume the
goundload to be at an average level at that depth below the surface
3. This is not a scientifically proven method but works relatively well in practice
4. To calculate the average groundload we take the number of axles and multiply this with the
axle distance. We multiply this number again with the width of the trailer, increased with the
axle distance. In that way we have calculated the projected area of the average groundload at
half the axle distance below the trailer. See calculation above.
3.Realistic ground pressure profile
29
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. Realistic collapse pattern due to foundation

loading
Soil Type
Load carrying
capacity
qc/3 (kPa)
Clay or silt
Weak
Relatively
solid
Solid
Zand
Loose
Relatively tight
Tight
Gravel
Loose
Relatively tight
Tight
<75
= 7.5 ton/m2
75-150
150-300
<100
100-300
300-500
2. Result of a sinking structure on

weak ground
3. The correct load carrying
capacity of compacted soil or
roads should be calculated by a
civil engineer
<200
200-600
600-1000
30
3.Tires of SPMTs on bad prepared jobsite
3.Load on ground surface or steel deck
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. When calculating ground loads,

be aware of the total load that
is placed on an area.
2. When working at the side of a non
compacted canal and the ground
is not very stable, the whole area
could collapse and disappear in
the canal.
3. This could also happen at narrow
mountain passes, which are soaked
wet by rainfall
4. A concrete quayside can accept a lot
more load then loose ground which has
been compacted a bit. Also check what is
underneath a concrete quay wall.
Concrete or timber piles? How many?
What size etc.
5. When a crane is placed on deck of a
barge or vessel, check by knocking on
deck where the bukheads are, in order to
place the outriggers on a bulkhead or as
close to it as possible
32
3.Principle of steering (Conventional)
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. The steering can be done hydraulically

of mechanically
2. Depending on the number of axles,
these are connected to each other by
means of steering rods of different
lenghts
3. The steering pattern should be as close
to a circle shape as possible
4. When more units are combined together
the steering rods should be adjusted
accordingly
Steering rods
5. The trailers are equipped for this up to a

limited number of axlelines
6. The steering is controlled by means of
steering rods from one side of the
trailer and at the opposite side by means
of hydraulic cylinders
33
3.Principle of steering (SPMTs)
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
5330
4 x 6 axlelines composed as one platform SPMTs

3300
16800
4. Crawl
1. Normal
2. Transverse
5. Rotate on the
spot
3. Rotate
1.
Each individual axle can be steered computer controlled
2.
Each SPMT can be placed separately under the load
3.
Unlimited combination possibilities

34
3.Videos: SPMTs steering modes
35
3.Heavy Duty Tractors and required

pulling force
1. The required pulling force depends on
the friction resistance forces of the
transport combination:
Rolling resistance on the road
Slope gradient
Friction resistance in curves
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
Rolling off from a barge with a 230 tons Generator

against a 5% slope gradient of the roro ramp, total
rolling resistance is approx.. 5+3 = 8% resistance
12 Lines of Goldhofer + DAF Tractor
2. A Heavy Duty Tractor can never develop

more pulling force then approx. 80-90% of
its own weight. This concerns the friction
resistance of rubber tires on the road
surface.(Asuming enough horsepower is available
and the right gearing is used)
3. A ballasted tractor unit with a total weight

of approx. 45 ton on the propelled axles,
can develop a max. pulling force of approx.
36-40,5 ton
5. The rolling resistance of a transport
combination on a horizontal dry

tarmac road is approx.2-3% of the
GVW.
6. When we have to negotiate a slope with

4. Make sure the tractor units is properly
a gradient of 5% we have to add this
ballasted and ensure you have max.
to it
pressure on the propulsion axles.www.heavyliftspecialist.com
36
3.Video: Generator RoRo Operation
3.Estimation of pulling force
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. How much pulling force
could this tractor unit develop?

2. The tractor unit has 4 axles.
Suppose these are all loaded
to their maximum, i.e. the
GVW of the tractor unit can be
a max. of 4x12 ton = 48 tons.
3. Most likely the front axle will
not be loaded more then
10 tons.
4. Also assume that all axles are
driven axles and the tractor
unit has sufficient horse
power and a low gearing.
5. The three rear axles can develop a max. pulling
force of: 3x12= 36 ton x 0,9 = 32,4 ton and a max.

of approx. 9 tons extra for the front axle boils down
to a max. pulling force of max. 41,4 ton
6. In practice this tractor unit will probably not
develop more then approx. 35 40 ton pulling

force (provided the front axle is propelled as well)
38
3.Video: Transport of 210 Tons Turbinewheel over 154 km
39
3.Choice of Trailer configuration for a load
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
Which trailer configuration would nicely fit for this load?

1.
First we calculate the load per transport saddle:

That is relatively simple: 520/2 = 260 Ton
2.
Due to the diameter and weight of the column, I would select a double wide combination of
ie. 2x6 lines side by side with turntables (bolsters) per transport zadel
3.
As we had to negotiate a number of curves on the jobsite we selected to use Self Propelled
Modular Transporters SPMTs
4.
These units have a max. payload of approx. 2x180 ton per 6 axleline unit, so with 360 Ton
approx. 100 ton more payload then needed
40
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. A Column of 520 ton and 63 m long with a diam. of 5.8 m need to be transported and
erected. Two transport saddles spaced at 38 m apart
2. Roll-on operation of 520 Tons column onto flat top barge with 2x6 axlelines double wide of
Kamags SPMTs with turntables
3. Notice the steel roll-on wedges at the end and near the coupling beam. On deck the RoRo
ramp is hinged in a coupling beam welded on deck
41
3.Video: Transport of 420 Tons Column for DSM Geleen
42
1. A bad prepared jobsite
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
2. Temporary bridge constructed from

crane mats and hard wood timber
support blocks in order to transport the
column under reach of both lift cranes
43
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What trailer set would you use to transport this Topside

Deck onto a flat top barge? Weight of topside 700 Ts
and 4 legs spaced at 9.2 m apart
Load-out of 700 tons Offshore deck from jobsite
onto barge
Used trailers: 20 + 24 lines of Goldhofers and 4 x
MAN Tractor units
Roll-onto pontoon using steel plates to bridge the gab
between barge and quayside
This requires more accurate ballasting
Advantage: a more gradual load distribution on the
quayside and no height difference of RoRo ramp to
overcome
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
44
3.How many tractor units are needed?
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
A total of 3 x FTF tractor units are used, each with a GVW

of 28 tons. Tractor units are coupled with steel drawbars
1. Transport of 748 Tons De-Methanizer

Column in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, on
2x12 axlelines of double wide
Scheuerle Platform trailers with
turntables
2. Weight of Load
= 748 Ton
Own weight of trailers incl.bolsters = 192 Ton
3 Tractor units
= 84 Ton
Total GVW =1024 Ton
Min. required pulling force = 1024 x 0,03 =
30.72 ton 45
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. Transport of Sphere of
260 Ton, 16 m diam. on
12 lines of SPMTs
coupled side by side
2. Stability is critical, so
use a spirit level at all
times!!
3. The SPMTs
demonstrate the
Carousel Mode (turning
on the spot)
4. Trailer is clearly
leveled when
negotiating the curve
46
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
1. Transport over 2000 km through

Iran in 1976
2. Front dolly consists of a 3 m wide
12 lines of Scheuerle and the
rear dolly a double wide
configuration was used to ensure
sufficient stability
3. Often the trailer configuration used
is depending on the max.
allowable axle line load of the
country of transport
4. Transport of 2 x 200 Tons column parts over

2000 km across Iran
Transport of fully dressed

column on double wide
SPMTs with turntables
47
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.The Transport Plan
Weight of Crawler
= 82 T
Own weight Trailer
= 41 T
GVW =123 T
Load / axleline
= 10.25 T
Load / axle
= 5.13 T
Load / tire
= 1.28 T
Average.Groundload = 1.45 T/m2
48
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
3.Recommendations
1.
Use a spirit level or other monitoring device when stability is critical
2.
A load which is 2 x as high as the width of the trailer on which it will be transported: WATCH OUT
FOR STABILITY OF THE TRANSPORT COMBINATION!
3.
Preference for a 3 point suspension system due to equal axle loads
4.
At extreme high loads a 4 point suspension system gives a better stability
5.
Watch the pressure in each hydraulic suspension point, and adjust if necessary
6.
Max. pulling force of a tractor unit can be achieved by placing as much ballast weight as possible
on the driven axles of the tractor unit
7.
Secure the load on a trailer with a number of turnbuckles that equals the own weight of the trailer
8.
Place the turnbuckles in the direction of the expected force
9.
In case tight turns have to be made, mark the driving path with paint or clear marks on the road
10. Always avoid sudden movement (braking, fast change of direction, bumps etc.)
11. The max. average ground pressure for a conventional platform trailer is approx. 696/138,6 = 5
ton/m2 (As an example we used a 12 axleline trailer double wide)

12. The max. average groundload for SPMTs is approx. 810/113 = 7,2 ton/m2 ( again a 12 axeline
combination, double wide was taken)
49
INDEX
1.General Knowledge
2.Forces and Masses
3.Heavy Transport
7.Project Planning
8.Cost Estimate
50

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3.Heavy Transport with hydraulic platform

3.Difference between Platform trailers and

2. Standard flatbed trailer

Spring function by means of a

Spring function by means of steel springs

3.USA Dollie transport example

3.Principle of the hydraulic platform trailer

1. Biggest advantage is the

3.Principle of the hydraulic platform trailer

1. By means of hydraulics the

SADDLE PROJECTS OVER

3.Principle of the hydraulic platform trailer

Conventional Nicolas Platform trailer

3.Principle of the hydraulic platform trailer

1. Max. stroke of hydraulic cylinder is approx. 600-700 mm

3.Capacity of Conventional Platform trailers

single wide ( 2 File)

Specification of Conventional Platform trailers

1 1/2 wide ( 3 File)

3.Capacity of Conventional Platform trailers

3.Capacity of Conventional Platform trailers

Specification of Self Propelled Modular

Net payload of a 6 axleline

1. Single tires (4 tires = one axleline = 2,43 m

SPMTs, individually placed under the transport frame

MORE LOAD ON LEFT AXLES

CAMBER OF ROAD CAN BE

1. As long as the force of the combined CoG

2. At a certain road camber the force will get

3.Stability: 3- and 4- points suspension

A 4 point suspension system has the

3.Stability: 3- and 4- point suspension

1. One can create a symmetrical or an

Easier to keep it horizontal

Disadvantages of a 3-point suspension system:

Advantages of a 4-point suspension system:

Smaller stability triangle

Bigger stability rectangle

Disadvantages of a 4-point suspension system:

More difficult to level the trailer bed

3.A Load placed on a flat bed trailer

Make sure that at all times the CoG stays

Weight. Load = 25 ton

3.Stability of a Self Propelled Modular

The combined CoG can be calculated as

By drawing on scale the tipping lines (at a 3- or

! Double wide SPMT 5,33 m wide 12 axlelines

Distance to tipping line is

Weight Load = 670 ton

3.Stability of a Self Propelled Modular

1. By selecting an A-symmetrical 3 point

2. The same principles also apply for

4. For a 3 point suspension this is half:

5. For an a-symmetrical 3 point

6. The a-symmetrical 3 point

3.Stability of a Self Propelled Modular

2. The same principles also apply for

Symmetrical 3 point suspension

4. For this 3 point suspension the

5. For an a-symmetrical 3 point

6. This 3 point suspension system is in

3.Stability of a Self Propelled Modular