Water Supply

Viczai Jnos
Department of Building Energetics and
Building Services

Water Supply and Canalisation

Catchment/
Purification

Distribution

Consuption

Collecting

Carrying

Purification

Setting

Water Supply
Canalysation

/Water circulates/

Water Supply and Canalisation

Catchment
The property of water:

Physical
Chemical
Biological

Different water quality requirements:

Human utilisation
Industrial utilisation

The catchment:

In the air as clouds

In the subsurface (subsoil)
On the ground

Physical features of fresh water

Density. This value shows us the weight of 1 dm3 material. Water
density is 1 kp/dm3 if its temperature is 4 centigrade degrees.
The water boils at 100 centigrade degrees (373K) and it freezes
at 0 centigrade degree (273K).
Specific heat. This value shows us the heat quantity which is
nesseary to heat up 1 kg material with 1 K. It is 4.19 kJ/kg,K as
water.

The chemical features of fresh water

Water the best dissolvent in the nature!
The chemical reaction of water can be described bc the value
of pH (proportion of hydrogen-ions).
if the value of pH is: 0-7, the water is acidic,
if the value of pH is: 7, the water is neutral,
if the value of pH is: 7-14, the water is alkaline,
Dissolved salts of Ca and Mg cause hardness of water.
The hardness which can be changed by simple physical process,
by heating is called temporarily hardness of water.
Originating calcium and magnesium carbonate cause
permanent hardness to water.
Acidity of fresh water is mostly caused by its contetns of carbonic
acid.

Features of drinking water

The most important features of drinking water:

It must not contain materials that are dangerous to human health

It must be with good taste

It must be transparent and its colour is blue at big quantity

Its temperature must be between 5 and 15 centigrade degrees

Its chemical reaction must be neutral or alkaline

Catchment
Catchment is the process we can obtain water from nature by
that. Fresh water occurs 3 places on the earth:

In the air as clouds

In the subsurface

Being on ground

Catchment
Subsoil water:

The dept of the well must be about

30-40 meters

8-12 perforated pipes

The lenght of perforated pipes

30-80 meters

Catchment
Subsoil water is generally not enough for consuption of a big
town.
In case we are forced to use fresh water being on the ground.
Water must be pumped out of a river or a lake.
Water being on the ground is generally dungy and infective, that
is why this water must be treated before using.
This treatment is called: water purification.

Water purification
On the occasion of water-purification every impurity has to be filtered out
from water.
There are three sorts of impurities in water :

Solid
Solute
Colloid and organic.

In copmliance with it there are three sorts of purification:

mechanical
chemical
biological.

Water purification
Mechanical purification:
solid impurities can be
filtered out from water.
These structures can
be simple grids or filters.
Grids are made of steel
Filters are made of plastic
or wool

Water purification
Chemical purification:
diverse chemical substances are mixed into water to clarify chemical
impurities

Biological purification:
the organic and infective substances are clarified form water

Water purification

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Grid
Waste water system
Filter
Pump
Chemical substance
Tank
Mixer pipe
Sand filter
Mixer pipe
Chlorin gas
Heat exchanger
Waste water system

Water purification
Sand-filter

Closed system, fast filter

Dirty eater comes from

above the filtering
medium which is sand
and samall pebble.
Plastic pipes in the open
and end holes of plate.
After cleaning can be
used again
Two or three sand-filters
must be apply in a
swimming pool
Place demand is rarther
big

Water demand
In the former paragraphs we have got acquainted with features
of water, catchment and water purification but still do not know
how much water is needed.
Water demand of a district depends on the following circumstances:

Habits of inhabitat
Living standards
Type of the industry
Climate
Level of water supply
Largeness and quality of the surfaces of the parks

Water demand

qd = ni Pi
i =1

qd daily warter demand [l/day]

ni number of inhabitants [i]
Pi water ration [l/day,i]

Water demand
Pump is a machnie of fluid mechanics which can carry liquid
against any kind of resistance.
Characterics of a pump in the next:

Pump delivery
Total derivery head
Absorbed power
Efficiency

Water demand
Pumps

p = gh h =

Sh - Suction head
Gh geometrical height
Fr frictional resistance
Ep exhaust pressure
Dh delivery head
H total delivery head

p
g

h = sh + gh + fh + ep
Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water demand

Szivattyk, szivattyk jellemzi

Pt [W ] = q[m 3 / s ] g[m / s 2 ] [kg / m 3 ] hw[m] / 1000

q[m 3 / s ] g[m / s 2 ] [ kg / m 3 ] hw[m]
Preal [W ] =
1000

Water demand
Piston pump

1
2

P
P

1- rotor
2- scroll

h[m]
hmax

Optimlis zemi
taromny

Working figure:
P
P
P

q[l/perc]
qmax

hmax maximal delivery head

qmax maximal pump delivery
Thin line the optimum area

Water demand

Water demand

Pb- barometric pressure

q1- water density of the well
h1 height of water coloumn in
the well
q2- water-air mixture density
h2 height of water-air mixture
g gravitational acceleration

Water demand

archhitecture location

First is the simplest concrete block

Second is a spring concrete block

Third is a spring-pendulum concrete block

Water demand

Detached house systems

open tank
Open tank system:

Open, barometric pressure tank

Water raised into open tank by
pump

Overflow pipe

Water taps by gravitational force
Advantages:

Simple system

Manual usage
Disadvantages:

Small exhaust pressure

Changing water temperature

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Water demand

Detached house system

closed tank system (hidrofor)
Parts:
P
P
P

Pump
Clack valve
Pressure tank
P
P

Vh useful volume, Vmin minimal volume

Vmax maximal volume, V all volume

Pressure switch

Working:
P
P
P
P

P0

P
Vmin

System pressure is changing between turn on

and turn off
We can reduce the useful volume by frekvency
changer pumps.

Vh

Vmax

Pmax

Water is presses into the tank

Pressure of compressed air insures the pressure to
water to overcome all of the resistances
The pump turn off when pressure is maximum
When the pump is turn off, the system pressure is
reduce, and when the pressure reach pressure
minimum, the pump is turn on

Pmin

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Transportation

Smaller villages water system

Water tower (reservoir)

Stakikus nyoms

Pmin

Fogyaszts alatti
nyoms

P
P
P
P
P

Pump station
Water purificator
Water tower
Pipe system
Usage
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Transportation

Public system

Systems

Realisation:
P
P
P

Mountanous area more separate system

Arborescent, conjugate and ring duct
Reduce the demand of water towers

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Transportation
Privat water system

1.

Street pipe
P
P
P

Kerts

Kzterlet

P
P

Magn t.

2.

Privat, outside pipe

P

3.
4.

Valve of uprise

Branch pipe
P

This is a detached house system, because we have

one water-meter place!

Outdoor distributor main pipe

Inside, basic pipe

Uprising pipe
P

5.

Water public works

Connecting pipe
Disconnector
Water-meter
Stop valve

Reserve valve
Equipments

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Transportation
Privat water system
Kzterlet

Trsashzi tulajdon

Kzterlet

Water-meters in every floor of building

P
P
P

Street stop valve

Primary water-meter in the lower level
Privat water-meters near the flat

Trsashzi tulajdon

Water-meters in one group

P
P
P

Street stop valve

Primary water-meter in the lower level
Private water-meters are one group

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Water transport

Requirements on piping network

The quality of the transported water should not be worsened

Water tightness
P

Resistance to the mechanical effects of the environment

Resistance to the mechanical effects induced by the network itself (pipe
fixations)
P
P
P

Own weight
Water beat (vzts)
Rezonancia

Expected lifetime should fit the buildings designed lifetime.

Resistance to corrosion (both internal and external effects).
Internal surface should be polished
The junctions must be installed an easy way
Resistance to any weather conditions at any period of the year
P
P

The water under pressure must not be emmited out of the piping system. The pipes must
resist to 16bar nominal pressure.
The pollution of the environment should not be able to get in.

Leading under frost level

Thermal insulation

Harmless to the environment (for example hot pipe)

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Water transport
Material of pipes

Cast-iron supplier pipes

1.

Area of use:
P
P

Conventional husky joint

2.

Advantages:
P
P
P

3.

P
P
P

5.

6.

Husky (Tokos)
Coupling (Kuplungos)
Rimmed (Karims)
Screwy husky (Csavartokos)

Sealing:
P

Rimmed joint

High specific mass

Expensive (pipe and accessories)

Junction-types:
P

Graphite cast-iron pipe with self-closing

sealing

High resistance to corrosion

High mechanical resistance
Long-lasting

Disadvantages:
P

4.

External public network

Fire protection networks (fire hydrant
(tzcsap), outside elements of in-built
fire extinguishers)

Lead-spilling (lomkints)
Gum

Corrision protection: external surface

treatment

Water supply

Water transport
Material of pipes

Steel supplier pipes

1.

MSZ 120-1,2,3 zincked screwable steel pipe with

longitudinal welt (csmenet-vgsra alkalmas,
hosszvarratos, horganyzott aclcs) :
Area of use:
P
P

2.

Advantages:
P
P

3.

P
P

P
P
P

Screw-jonction ( , , , 1 , 1 , 2, 3, 4)
Hard splice (Kemnyforraszts) (welding, but zincked steal
not recommended)
Rimmed (Karims) (1- ..)
Coupling (1-12)

Sealing:
P
P

6.

Low resistance to corrosion, low life time

High need of labour
Higher external diameter due to the higher wall thickness

Junction types:
P

5.

Fast and simple assembly

High mechanical resistance

Disadvantages:
P

4.

External public network

Fire protection networks (internal networks of fire hydrants
(tzcsap), in-built fire extinguishers)
Water network in the building

Teflon stripe, tow (kc)

Gum

Corrosion protection (zinc, painting)

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Water transport
Material of pipes

Reinforced concrete supplier pipes

Circle-section cement-based reinforced
concrete supplier pipe :
1.

Application area:
P

2.

Advantages:
P

3.

P
P

Husky (Tokos)

Sealing:
P

6.

Low resistance to agressive soil (coating needed).

Complex junction elements.
Watertightness must be ensured by internal
coating.

Junction types:
P

5.

High mechanical resistance

Disadvantages:
P

4.

Pipes of public network with higher diameters

(~1m)

Gum.

Corrosion protection:
P
P

External coating.
Higher quality pipe material.

Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport

Plastic supplier pipes

Material of pipes

PVC pipe (pvc, cpvc)

1.

Area of application:
P
P

2.

Advantages:
P
P

3.

P
P
P
P
P
P

High linear thermal expansion factor (0.8

...0.12mm/mC)
Sensibility to lime (msz) (gypsum mortar or
protection covering)
Life time (mechanical properties decrease with
time, UV radiation, applied temperature)
Leaning to rigidity (at low temperatures)
Not applicable in hot water systems (CPVC!)
Worse mechanical properties
Estimated life time 50 years

Junction types:
P
P

5.

Corrosion resistant
Simple fast assembly with low labour need

Disadvantages:
P

4.

Piping within the building (adhesive, 4)

Piping outside the building (husky (tokos) ,90
450)

Adhesive with juntion profiles

Husky, gum ring

Sealing:
P
P

Glue,
Gum ring
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Water transport

Plastic supplier pipes

Material of pipes

Hard polyethylene
1.

Area of application:
P
P

2.

Advantages:
P
P
P

3.

P
P

High linear thermal expansion factor (0.8

...0.12mm/mC)
Life time (mechanical properties decrease with
time, UV radiation, applied temperature)
Not applicable in hot water systems

Junction types:
P
P
P

5.

Highly corrosion resistant

Simple fast assembly with low labour need
Better mechanical paramethers

Disadvantages:
P

4.

Piping network outside the building

Public network

Welding,
Husky, gum rings
Husky, snapped ring (roppantgyrs)

Sealing:
P
P

Snapped ring (roppantgyrs)

Gum ring

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Water transport

Plastic supplier pipes

Material of pipes

(Trhlstott) Polyethylene (pe)

One of the most up-to date piping materials.
1.

Area of application:
P

2.

Advantages:
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

3.

P
P

High linear thermal expansion factor

Sensitivity to UV radiation
Assembly with protection tube (Vdcsves
szerelstechnolgia)

Junction types:
P
P

5.

High resistance to corrosion

Simple fast assembly with low labour need
Excellent mechanical paramethers
Long life time
Resistance to temperature
Assembly without junction units
Can be positionned anywhere

Disadvantages:
P

4.

Piping network in the building

Yellow brass cast joints (Srgarz ntvny

idomkapcsolk)
Junctions with snapped ring (Roppantgyrs
idomkapcsolk)

Sealing :
P
P

Snapped ring (roppantgyrs)

Self sealing junction units

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Water transport
Material of pipes

Copper pipes (cu)

Traditional but perhaps the best assemling
technology
1.

Application area:
P

2.

Advantages:
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

3.

Lower resistance to mechanical stress

Junction types :
P
P

5.

High resistance to corrosion

Simple fast assembly with low labour need
Excellent mechanical paramethers
Long life time
Resistance to temperature
Assembly without junction units
Can be positionned anywhere without junction
Small wall thickness

Disadvantages:
P

4.

Piping network in the building, half-hard (bar) or

mild (roll) pipe units

Junction units with hard or mild splice, based on

capillary effect
Mild copper pipe can be bent by hands

Sealing :
P
P

Solder (Forraszanyag)
Traditional sealing of junction units
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Water transport
Material of pipes

Other, special pipe materials

Stainless steel (Rozsdamentes acl):
P
P

Provision industry (lelmiszeripar)

Welded, soldered (forrasztott), rimmed
(peremes) junctions

Composite plastic pipes (polyethylene, fine

aluminium skin, protection skin)
P
P

Piping network in the building

Junctions with snapped ring (Roppantgyrs
idomkapcsolk)

Five layer pipes (polypropilene, fine

aluminium skin, protection skin)
P

P
P

Welded junctions after removing the external

skin
Applicable anywhere, reliable junctions, good
mechanical paramethers, good thermal
insulation properties
Piping network in the building
Welded junction units

Asbestous cement (eternit) Forbidden.

Lead Out of date.

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Water transport

Fixation of pipes Crossing on walls

Universal hanging band
(Hilti band):
1. Hanging shackles
(Fggeszt bilincsek)
2. Sprinkler shackles
3. Holding consoles
4. Combined console
systems
5. Aspects:
P
P
P

Fix and slippery

fixations
Sound protection
Fixation to the
building element

Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport
Appliances

Taps, valves
Taps
P
P
P
P

1.

tmts

Conical taps
P
P
P

2.

Closes and opens the water flow divisioning unit

(szakaszol szerelvny)
Closing unit is the revolving element positionned in the
way of the water-flow
Shape of the revolving element: conical (kpos) or
spherical
Low aerodynamic resistance (in opened state the water
flows trough without changing direction)

Truncated cone (csonkakp) revolving element

Sensitive on pollution
Obsolete construction

Spherical tap:
P
P
P

Most commonly used divisioning unit

Gum sealing between the spheric element and the cast
body
Good tightening

Closing valve (Tolzr):

P
P
P
P

Raising spindle (Emelked orss), non-rising spindle

Only for closing and opening
Closing element is flat
For higher diameters

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Water transport
Appliances

Valves
Controls the water-flow. Main elements:
P
P
P

Valve head (Szeleptnyr)

Valve spindle (Szelepszr)
Valve bed (Szeleplk)

The closing element moves perpendicularly to

the flowing direction.
High aerodynamic resistance

Types:
1. Straight valve
P

Highest direction modification

3.

Inclined valve
Corner valve

Type of intallation:

2.

P
P

Outlet valve
In-built valve

Other types:
P
P

Mixing valve
Mixing valve with one handle

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Water transport
Appliances

Safety units

Pressure control valve

P

Pressure Decreasing valve

P

Water returns to the network (A vz visszajutsa a

cshlzatba)

Air-removing valve
P

Closes in case of returning flow

Drawing-in valve (Lgbeszv szelep)

P

Decreases the pressure in high-pressure systems.

Non-return valve
P

Decreases the arised pressure in the system

Removes the air from the network

Valve with float (szgolys szelep) for toilet

tanks
P

Keeps the water level in atmospheric tanks

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Water transport

Dimensionning of the piping network

h[m]

hmax

Principles of dimensioning:
P
P

q[l/min]

qmax

Pressure loss of the piping network

P
P

h = Cq
'

1
h = C1 5
d

Pressure loss of straight pipe items

Pressure loss of junction items and appliences.

Design target:
P

'

The outgoing water flow from a standard tap-unit:

N [l/min] (p=5m, q=10l/min)
The outgoing water flow from the tap-units of the
system compared to the standard tap-unit (sink:
0.5N, bath 1.5N etc.)
The design water-flow is tne expected water-flow
(probability) of one consumption unit

At design water-flow the outlet tap must provide

the required water volume
Determining the necessary pipe diameters

Practice:
P
P

For small houses and units diameters based on

experience (- 1 ...)
For larger constructions the nominal water-flow is
calculated using stochastic funtions

Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport

Domestic hot water (DHW)

qm
( l/s )

Consumption

The daily trend of water need:

Intermittent plant:
P
P

Social institutions, industrial units

Only one consumer

Production

Filling time

Filling time

Filling time

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

qm
( l/s )

( h)

Consumption

Continuous plant with varying output

P

Residential buildings, hospitals, office buildings

Production

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

qm
( l/s )

( h)

Consumption

Production

Continuous plant with constant output :

P

Water circulation systems of swimming pools

Necessity of water tanks!

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport

Local DHW production

with water tank

Domestic hot water (DHW)

P
P

Termostate

Filling and discharging plant

Lower power need
Limited water volume

Atmospheric (Szabadkifolys), electric

powered hot water tank (5..10 l tank)

Energy input
Electric heating cartridge (P[W])
Safety
valve
Hot

Application area:
P

Cold
P

Disadvantages:
P

One-way valve

P
P

Small size, easy positionning

Simple system
Ideal for local small water need

High pressure closed hot water tank

P

Energy input :
- Electric heating cartridge (P[W])
- Water heat exchanger

P
P

Pressure reducing valve

P max < 6bar

Serves only one tap

The tank cannot be under pressure

Advantages:
P

Termostate

Kitchens, small consumption units for only

one tap.

One-way valve
Security valve
Pmax < 8bar

Applicable as electric hot water

producer or indirectly heated tank for
flats.
Size: 50..300 l (in case of fixing on the
wall static expert needed)
Disadvantages in case of electric
heating:
P
P

High tied up (lekttt) electric energy

need (2..4kW)
Long heating-up time (4..h)

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Water transport

Local DHW production

with through-flow type

Domestic hot water (DHW)

P
P

Gzzem tfoly rendszer kszlk:

Area of application:

Energy input
- Electric heating cartridge (P[W])
:
- Gas

Security valve
Pmax < 8bar

H

One-way valve

Q[kW ]

V [l / min ]

Kitchens, small consumption units only

one tap. (~10kW, 5l/min)
Bathrooms, flats with more than one
tap (but not at the same time (~25kW,
12l/min)

Disadvantages:
P

t[C ] C

Production and use at the same time

Main paramethers: required heat
output (gas, electric power) and water
volume (l/min)

High energy need

Limited controlled water flow
Limited temperature control (constant
or nearly constant heating power)
Limited distance between production
and use (tapping)

Advantages:
P

Easy to fulfill units with low, easy water

need
Small, compact size

Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport

Domestic hot water (DHW)

Central DHW production

Supplies one or more buildings

Elements:
P

P
P
P

Termosztt

Metering of consumption

One way valves to stop return flow

Insulation of pipes

Energia bevitel:
Vizes hcserl
Kevert
melegvz
Melegvz

Hidegvz

Heat source, which is usually the

heating boiler or the heat exchanger of
a district heating system or
independent heat producing unit
Tank with integrated spiral pipe (internal
heat exchanger)
Contrl thermostate
Security appliances

Local or central mixing unit at

communal buildings (hospital, nursery
school, dolmitory, school etc.).
Increases the security of service
Circulation pipe

Termosztt

Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport

Domestic hot water (DHW)

Circulation pipe
In case of small houses to group of buildings

Elements:
P

P
P
P

Heat source, which is usually the heating

boiler or the heat exchanger of a district
heating system or independent heat
producing unit
Tank with integrated spiral pipe (internal heat
exchanger)
Contrl thermostate
Security appliances

Metering of consumption

One way valves to stop return flow

Insulation of pipes

Termosztt
P

Local or central mixing unit at communal

buildings (hospital, nursery school,
dolmitory, school etc.). Increases the
security of service
Circulation pipe

Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport

Fire protection of buildings

Integrated extinction systems

Volume of extinction water of buildings

P
P
P

Working time must be ensured in function of fire intensity (<400MJ/m2

30min, (<800MJ/m2 60min, >800MJ/m2 90min).
Required water volume depends on the size of the fire sector . For ex.:
150m2 -ig 600l/min... See also OTSZ BM 35/1996 (XI.29I).
Pressure at connection point depends on the danger cathegory:
P
P
P

A, B 4bar,
C 3bar,
D, E, manual fire taps 2bar

Positionning of taps out of the building:

P
P
P

Tap must be abouve ground level.

There must be enough to fulfill the above water volume.
The maximal distance to reach the building is 100m, but min. 5m.

Positionning of taps inside the building:

P

Medium high buildings and high buildings if fire danger cathegory as

follows:
P
P
P
P

P
P
P

A 200m2
B 300m2
C 500m2
D 1000m2

Maximal distance of fire taps: the length of the goatskin (tmlhossz20m)calculated on the built path.
Sorts: Wet and dry piping network
Capacity of one fire tap 150 l/min (2bar), simultaneity: 2..4

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Water transport

Fire protection of buildings

Example:

Special extinction systems

Automatic shower system (sprinkler)
Do we need integrated extinction system?
P

Two level garage Integrated

extinction system oblgatory according
to OTSZ. The system fulfills the rules of
MSZ 9781.
P
P
P
P
P

P
P
P
P
P

Risk cathegory: K 2.2

Shower intensity: 5mm/min,
Protection surface 144m2
Working time: 60 min
Shower head intensity:
12m2/piece
Theoretic water flow:
5x144=720l/min
Theoretic water volume:
720x60=43.2m3
Theoretic preaussure need ~6bar
Electric power need of pumps:
10kW
Two pump powered by
independent energy sources
(1e+1d, 2e, 2d)

OTSZ : for medium high or high buildings

usually yes,
MSZ595: The fire intensity determined by the
function of the building, the danger
cathegory and the fire resistance of the
building elements determines the maximum
area of the fire sector. This area can be
doubled by applying integrated extinction
system.

Calculation method:
P
P
P

Activity Fire risk Risk cathegory.

Shower intensity [mm/min], Protection
surface [m2], Working time [30,60,90perc].
Design of water suppy system (transported
volume, necessary preassure, stored water
volume)
P
P
P
P

Tank, pumps Electric, Diesel

Piping network
Tank on top (Magastartly)
Tankwith atmospheric preassure
(Lgnyomsos vztartly (nyomsfokoz))

Design of network
P
P

Necessary preassure at outlet point

Unbalanced outlet (Kifolys egyenltlensgei)

Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport

Special extinction systems

Automatic shower system (sprinkler)

Fire protection of buildings

Temperature sensitive
shower head
Alarm
sound

Protected room
Water supply system
Public network

N
Wet
Alarm valve

Pressure switch
P

Water tank
Pump

Wet system:
P
P
P
P
P
P

Above a special temperature the shower head opens.

The water flow starts, therefore the pressure decreases in the system.
The pump of the water supply system starts to work.
The wet alarm valve opens.
The shower head waters the fire (k outflowing factor - kifolysi szm).
The alarm valve makes an alarm sound.
Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport

Special extinction systems

Automatic shower system (sprinkler)

Fire protection of buildings

Temperature sensitive
shower head
Alarm
sound

Water supply system

Public network

Heated sprinkler
central
Sz

Protected room

Compressor

Pressure switch
P

Water tank

Dry
Alarm valve

Pump

Dry system:
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

In the piping network of the unheated rooms is filled with compressed air.
Above a special temperature the shower head opens.
The air flow starts, therefore the pressure decreases in the system.
When the pressure decreases the pump of the water supply systems starts to work.
The dry alarm valve opens.
The pipes get filled with water and the showers starts to water the protected room.
The alarm valve makes an alarm sound.
Vzellts - Csatornzs

Water transport

Special extinction systems

Automatic shower system (sprinkler)

Fire protection of buildings

Fire
sensor

Alarm
sound

Open
Shower head

Protected room
Water supply system

Public network
Pressure switch
P

Water tank

Deluge
Alarm valve

Pump

System with opened shower heads (Deluge-system) :

P
P
P
P
P
P
P

After the alarm valve the pipes are empty. The alarm valve is has a control function.
The fire sensor network gives a signal to the Deluge valve.
Deluge valve opens.
With the decreasing pressure the pump starts to work.
The pipes get filled with water and the showers starts to water the protected room.
The alarm valve makes an alarm sound.
Appication area: Divisionning of fire sectors, special rooms with high internal height (for
exmpla theaters)

Vzellts - Csatornzs