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    This document introduces an easy way to learn Persian language book in three parts. It was published in New Delhi, India by the Iran Culture House. The book uses simple and effective teaching methods to facilitate learning the Persian language for beginners and students. Experts in Persian language and heads of Persian departments at universities in India provided reviews and recommendations to improve the book. The author Majid Ahmadi and those involved in creating and publishing the book are thanked for their efforts in promoting Persian language and shared cultural heritage between Iran and India.

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    Easy Way to Learn Persian Language 2009

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    This document introduces an easy way to learn Persian language book in three parts. It was published in New Delhi, India by the Iran Culture House. The book uses simple and effective teaching methods to facilitate learning the Persian language for beginners and students. Experts in Persian language and heads of Persian departments at universities in India provided reviews and recommendations to improve the book. The author Majid Ahmadi and those involved in creating and publishing the book are thanked for their efforts in promoting Persian language and shared cultural heritage between Iran and India.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    767 views223 pages

    Easy way to learn Persian Language Part One

    Uploaded by

    joseco4no
    This document introduces an easy way to learn Persian language book in three parts. It was published in New Delhi, India by the Iran Culture House. The book uses simple and effective teaching methods to facilitate learning the Persian language for beginners and students. Experts in Persian language and heads of Persian departments at universities in India provided reviews and recommendations to improve the book. The author Majid Ahmadi and those involved in creating and publishing the book are thanked for their efforts in promoting Persian language and shared cultural heritage between Iran and India.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 223

    In the name of God

    the Mercy-Giving, theMerciful!

    Easy way to learn Persian Language


    Part One

    Cultural Counsellor
    Islamic Republic of Iran
    New Delhi

    Easy way to learn Persian Language


    Part One

    By: Majid Ahmadi

    Project Manager: Majid Ahmadi


    Designing of the cover page: Aisha Fozia
    Published by:
    Iran Culture House
    18, Tilak Marg, New Delhi-110001
    Tel.: 23383232-4, Fax: 23387547

    newdelhi@icro.ir
    http://newdelhi.icro.ir
    First Edition: New Delhi, 2009
    All Rights Reserved

    Printed at: Alpha Art, Noida (U.P.)



    .
    .


    .



    .
    ) (

    .
    5





    .
    .

    .

    Contents
    1.

    Easy way to learn Persian Language ---------------------------------------9

    2.

    Chapter one: Persian Alphabets and Script------------------------------ 12

    3.

    Chapter two: Start with sentences of Simple present tense ----------- 34

    4.

    Chapter three: Continue with sentences Simple past tense


    Repeat of sentences--------------------------------------------------------137

    5.

    Chapter four: Continue with sentences past Continue tense


    Repeat of sentences--------------------------------------------------------188

    Easy way to learn Persian Language


    Introduction
    Persian language is one of the most important medium for the study of culture,
    religion and literature related to the history of medieval period of India and of
    Islamic era. It is very important for the scholars of Oriental Studies to have the
    knowledge of this language for the reason that millions of manuscripts, Farmans
    and other documents are preserved in different libraries, museums and other
    institutions either belonging to the government or they are in private collections.
    However, lots of efforts are going on for their preservation and digitalization of
    them but much has to be done in this regard.
    Persian language was brought to India a thousand years back and hence
    people of India have been familiar with this language for over ten centuries. It was
    for seven hundred years the official language at the court of Mughal emperors and
    many other principalities. Still many Persian words and terms are officially used
    in the judicial system of India. Even common men who admire Urdu poetry know
    many Persian words. Beside that many Persian idioms and proverbs are commonly
    used in daily conversation all over the subcontinent.

    How to learn Persian Language :


    Learning of Persian language in this book has been divided into two parts.
    First part is based on script, which is unfamiliar to the beginners. The second part
    deals with the words which are not unfamiliar to Indians and simple sentences. As
    this has already been mentioned above that there are many Persian words that are
    still part of Hindi, Urdu and many other regional languages.
    Two aspects are important to learn any language. They are the sounds or
    vowels and the alphabets that are to be memorized at the beginning. In Persian
    language there are thirty two characters with their particular pronunciations and
    names. As in Persian script, alphabets join each other to make a word, some of
    them do not allow the next letter to join on its either side, but there are letters that
    join with their preceding and the successive letter. So most of them join on both
    sides.
    This is also worth mentioning here that some alphabets in Persian have
    been borrowed from Arabic language. These characters are different in their form
    and pronunciation in Arabic language, but in Persian they are pronounced very
    similar to each other. For example, in Arabic there are four characters for Z
    which are pronounced differently but are pronounced very similar to each other in
    Persian. In Europian languages they all will be pronounced similar to Z. This part
    has been dealt with at the last stage, when the students become familiar with the
    alphabets of Persian language. The last but not the least is Persian writing. It is
    written from right to left but the numbering system is from left to right, like many
    other languages. Out of thirty two letters there are three letters that function as
    10

    vowels. This should be kept in mind that if the earlier letter does not have its own
    sound before any vowel is being applied to that.
    Persian sounds and vowels are either very short or extremely long and there
    is no sound between the two. For example take the word SET. In Persian, this
    will be pronounced as it is written, but the case is different with the letters like SIT
    and SEAT. They are pronounced like SEAT in both cases. This will be explained
    further when the students become fully familiar with the script.
    In the end I extend my grateful thanks to Dr. Yunus Jafari, Mr. Azizuddin
    Usmani and also respected Persian teachers : prof. Amir Hasan Abidi, Prof.
    AzarDehlavi, Prof. Chander Shekhar, Prof. Sharif Husain Qasemi and Prof.
    Akhtar Mehdi for their help and consideration. My special thanks goes to Dr.
    Karim Najafi, the Cultural Counsellor of the Embassy of Islamic Republic of Iran,
    New Delhi and Dr. Abdul Hamid Ziaei, Director of Iran Culture House, New
    Delhi for their encouragement which supported me for writing this book.
    Majid Ahmady
    February 2009
    New Delhi

    11

    Chapter one:
    Persian Alphabets and Script

    12

    Lesson 1
    The first character of Persian alphabet is Aleph a straight vertical line which
    is not allowing next character on its left hand side but it can join previous
    letter on its right hand side.

    Aleph

    ---
    Aleph is one of the double acting alphabets. If it comes after any other letter
    it acts as the sound of Aa, whether it is with or without cap() . if it is in the
    beginning and with the cap again it is Aa and if it is without cap, it is
    conconent and comes with a sound or vowel. The short vowels in Persian
    are three with the following forms:

    ------------ If this line is one of the


    CAT, and

    alphabets then

    - sounds a as in BAD,

    - is e as in GET, PEN, JET, and - is o as in CODE, or

    MORE
    There are two more long vowels which are also alphabets, but here we use
    them only as vowels. There are six sounds in Persian, three short vowels as
    A E O and three long ones. One of them is Aa,that we have already
    mentioned above.
    Now the other two are:

    as Ee like Deep, keep, and even Ea as Cheap.


    as Oo like Moon, Zoo.
    and are alphabets but we learn here as vowels. This will be cleared
    when we come to the next lessons.
    Note: For short vowel a small round shaped figure is made above the letter
    and if there is no other symbol it is understood that it is also represented as
    half vowel.

    13

    Aleph with these sounds comes as:

    for a and for e

    and

    for o for Aa

    for Ee and

    for Oo.

    like aleph dose not allow next letter to join on its left hand side. It only

    joins with some of the letters on its right hand side. But its form remains
    unchanged.

    joins on both sides and when it comes between letters, it changes its

    form, as:

    Now there are 4 letters with the same principle and shape. These alphabets
    can join on both sides and where ever they are used they are either at the
    beginning, between the two letters and at the end of the word,with this there
    comes change in their form.
    The first one is:

    B-e


    Now you can read these words:

    ---------
    The second of this category is:

    P-e

    ----------
    Now you can read these words:

    -----
    The third one of this group is:

    T-e

    ----------
    14

    Now you can read these words:


    -------------
    The third one of this group is:

    C-e

    ----------
    Now you can read these words:

    --------------------
    This letter is not very common. But we will give more examples when we
    go ahead with more alphabets.

    15

    Lesson 2
    Now we learn another group of alphabets which are again similar in shape
    and principle.
    The 4 characters of this group join on both sides. In this regard thier form
    also changes.
    The first of this category is:

    Jim

    ----------
    Now you can read these words:


    The second one is:

    Ch-e

    ----------
    Now you can read these words:


    ---------------
    The third one is:

    H-e

    --------

    16

    Now you can read these words:


    The third one is:

    Kh-e

    ---------
    Now you can read these words:

    17

    Lesson 3
    After learning nine alphabets, the next group includes five letters which like
    Aleph join the preceding letter and do not join the next one. The form of
    these letters remain unchanged.
    The first one is:

    Daal

    ---------------
    Now you can read these words:


    ---------------
    Can you write these words in Persian?
    ADAA BAAD DEEDAAR DEEBAA PADEED BADBAKHT DOKHT

    The second one is:

    Zaal

    -------------------
    Now you can read these words:

    -------------------
    The third one is:

    R-e

    -----------------

    18

    Now you can read these words:



    Can you write these words in Persian?
    ROBAAB - BARBAAD DAARAA - CHARB - ARBAAB DARBAAR TORBAT - BARTAR - PEEREE TOOR
    POOR ROOBAAN ROOH HOOR HOOREE HAREER
    PAREED - DOROOD

    .
    this is important to know that there are letters borrowed from Arabic
    language. In Persian these letters are pronounced very similar to each other,
    for example the next letter Z-e is the same as pronounced in the Zaal. One
    can only learn by dictation.
    The next and the forth one in this group is:

    Z-e

    ----------------
    Now you can read these words:

    ---------------

    19

    Can you write these words in Persian ( Z is?)


    BAZR DARZ ZARD AAZAAR BAAZAAR - RAAZ
    DOZD KHAZAR ZEEBAA BAAZEE- JAZAA
    ............................................................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................
    The last and fifth one in this group is:
    Zh-e
    (as the letter J is pronounced in French or measure in English)

    ---------------
    Now you can read these words:

    ---------------------
    This character is not much in use; we will speak on this letter after learning
    some more letters.

    20

    Lesson 4
    Now we learn 4 more letters and practice them by reading and writing more
    words. The practice will help to be familiar with them how to write in
    Persian and learn where these characters join or do not.
    This is important that up to the time we learn in group or category, that
    means the principles in form and joining of them remain same.
    The first one in this group is:
    SEEN
    (S)

    -------
    Now you can read these words:


    ---
    Can you write these words in Persian?
    Note: the S here is SEEN and Z is Z- e not ZAAL.

    SARD- SARDAAB SARDAAR ASB PAST POST


    SARBAAZ SEZAA ASBAAB SABAB SARAAB
    OSTAAD CHASB SAHAR - HASAD HESAAB SAAJED - SOST ZABAR DAST.

    ................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................
    .........................................................................................................

    21

    The second one in this group is:


    SHEEN
    (Sh)

    ------
    Now you can read these words:


    ------
    Can you write these words in Persian?
    SHAAKH SHAJAR SHARAARAT SHARBAT
    AABSHAAR PARESH AARASH AATASH TAABESH
    BAARESH BASHAR KHESHT ZESHT KHARESH
    ARZESH SAAZESH - BARDASHT- PAADAASH RASHTEE DOOSH POOSH - TORSHEE

    ................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................
    The third one in this group is:
    SAAD
    (S)

    ----
    Now you can read these words:

    --------------

    22

    Can you write these words in Persian?


    Note: all S here are SAAD.
    BASAR ESRAAR SAD DARSAD SOBH SABAAH
    SAAHEB SAADER SOHBAT SEDAARAT - SOORAT
    SOOREE-

    The forth one in this group is:


    ZAAD
    (Z)

    ----
    Now you can read these words:

    -----------
    Can you write these words in Persian?
    Note: Here all Zs are ZAAD.
    ZARBAT ZED ZARB ZARBDAR ZARBEE- ZEDEE BEE ZARAR-

    ................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    After learning some of the letters, more words can be practiced by
    using this letter.
    23

    Lesson 5
    Now there is the group of two letters similar in character and principle. The.
    The first letter is:
    TA (stands for T)

    -------
    Now you can read these words:


    --------
    The second is:
    ZA( stands for Z)

    --------
    Now you can read these words:

    ------------------------
    further practice will be done with these letters after learning more alphabets.
    Now there are two letters also similar to each other in form and principle.
    they join on their both sides with change of their form.
    The first one is:
    AYN (standing for a)

    ----------

    24

    Now you can read these words:



    -----
    And the next letter is:
    Ghain
    (to be pronounced by teacher)

    ---------
    Now you can read these words:


    ------------
    ------------As already mentioned, these are the letters drived from Arabic language in
    Persian script. In Arabic these letters are pronounced clearly different from
    each other but in Persian their pronunciation is very similar to A and GH.
    We have already learnt
    manner

    - are pronunced like Z.In the same

    are pronounced in Persian

    25

    Lesson 6
    In this lesson five more alphabets will be taught.
    First one is standing for F and the name is:
    F-e

    ----------
    Now you can read these words:




    Can you write?
    FARSH FOROOSH SHAREEF FARSEE- SAFEER
    FEESH FARAAREE- FOROOD FARDEE TAREEF -

    Next is QAAF and stands for Q:

    ------------
    Now you can read these words:



    ------
    26

    The next two letters are also very similar to each other
    Thefirst is KAAF and stands for K:

    ----
    Now you can read these words:




    --------------
    The second is named as GAAF and stands for G:

    GAF

    --------
    Now you can read these words:


    --------

    27

    The last one in this lesson is the letter LAAM which stands for L.

    LAAM

    ---------------------
    Now you can read these words:

    Write in Persian:

    Balaa- Daleer- Jalaal- Balaal Lebaas- JoloosShekl- Shakeel- Galoo Keleed Beleet Aajeel

    28

    Lesson 7
    This is the last lesson for learning Persian alphabets and in the next lesson
    we will make some words for practicing these alphabets.
    The first letter of this lesson and 28th character of Persian script is:
    MEEM (standing for M)

    ------------
    Now you can read these words:




    NOON (stands for N)

    ------------
    Now you can read these words:


    ----

    29

    VAV (stands for V and W)


    This letter not only used as one of the alphabets but also stands as vowel.. If
    VAV comes after one letter with out its own pronounciation, it is vowel
    otherwise it is consonant.
    We have used this letter as vowel. Now we practice it both as sound and
    alphabet as well.

    -----------------

    Now you can read these words:




    ---
    H-e (also stands for H)

    ---------
    Now you can read these words:

    30

    The next letter is Y-e stands for Y and used as conconant as well as vowel,
    like VAV and Alep.
    Y-e

    -----------



    - - -

    31

    Lesson 8
    Practicing the Persian letters :
    Write the following letters to make words:
    :

    :
    32

    33

    Chapter two:
    Start with sentences of
    Simple present tense

    34

    Lesson 1
    Starting with simple sentences:
    Place.....

    That.......

    That place/There.....

    This...

    This Place/Here ....

    Is .....
    That is..

    This is... . ...

    .
    35

    .
    36


    37

    .
    38

    .
    :

    .............

    ........

    ........

    .........

    ..........

    ........
    39

    ............

    .............

    .............

    .............

    ............

    ............
    40

    ..............

    ...........

    ............

    ...........

    ............

    ............

    .............

    ............
    41

    ...

    ..

    .........

    ............

    ............

    ..........

    ............

    ............

    42

    Lesson 2
    this book :
    that table : this table :
    that class:
    this class : that book :
    this woman : that man : this man :
    that flower : this flower : that woman :

    ***
    Some adjectives:
    small :
    short :
    easy :
    old :
    new :
    beautiful :

    big :
    tall :
    difficult :
    young:
    old :
    ugly :

    And:
    Sweet :
    Friendly :
    Kind :
    Intelligent :
    Skillful and expert :

    43

    44

    Making negative:
    - In Persian the sign of negative is:
    + = Is not

    45

    46

    47

    48

    ............

    .........

    ..............

    .........

    ...........

    .................

    49

    ..............

    ..............

    .............

    ................

    ..............

    ..................

    ................

    ..............

    50

    .................

    ..............

    ..............

    .............

    .................

    ..............

    ................

    ...........
    51

    Lesson 3
    Making simple questions:
    Is it/there/here/this/ that?
    In Persian for a simple question is added at the beginning of the
    sentence.
    The answer of it if is negative the sentence starts with . For
    example:


    .
    .
    Or

    .
    And if it is positive, the sentence starts with .
    For example:



    Answer these questions with both yes and no.

    . ..
    . ..
    . ..

    .
    .
    .
    52

    .
    .
    .

    . ..
    . ..
    . ..

    . ..
    . ..
    . ..

    .
    .
    .

    . ..
    . ..
    . ..

    .
    .
    .

    . ..
    . ..
    . ..

    .
    .
    .

    . ..
    . ..
    . ..

    .
    .
    .

    . ..
    . ..
    . ..

    .
    .
    .

    53

    Lesson 4
    Learning pronouns:
    I

    you

    he/she

    we

    you

    they

    Conjugation of To Be
    All Persian verbs have two infinitives: general and present one,
    that we have to learn them as they are. It is not necessarily to give
    any logic why the form of a verb changes, when it comes to make
    present form.

    To Be in Persian is

    And the present stem is

    Infinitive of a verb in Persian has always followed unique


    formula that we should apply.
    For present infinitive the formula for to be is:

    + - + +

    + +

    + +

    + +

    + -- + +

    54

    Positive and negative forms for to be


    -

    -



    . .
    .

    . .
    .

    .
    .

    . .
    . .
    55

    .

    . .
    .

    . .
    Make the questions with positive &negative answers.
    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................

    56

    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    / .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................
    57

    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................

    .
    ........................................
    ........................................
    ........................................

    :
    . ........
    .........
    ..........
    .
    ............ ...........
    .
    ........... ............
    . ............
    ......... .
    .........
    .............. ..........

    58

    .

    ......... . .........
    .

    ..........................
    ...............................

    Learning what in Persian:


    Generally WHAT in Persian is


    + =

    What is

    merge in to each other and and For making easy pronunciation


    . becoming

    59

    60

    61

    Lesson 5
    Possession in Persian:
    For showing possession in Persian, there are two ways either
    attached or separate with pronouns. Here we talk about the
    separate ones:
    My ..

    + -- +........

    Your (single) .

    + -- +........

    His/her

    + -- + ........

    Its ..

    + -- + ........

    Our

    + -- + .......

    Your

    + -- + .......

    Their

    + -- + ........

    Generally the sound of --- used here is acting same as OF in


    English.
    In place of pronouns for she/he/it, the names can be used.



    The sound of --- in case of the words ending with -

    62

    Changes to the sound of YE and can be shown with the sign of


    (if it is after the letter ending with short vowel ---) and above
    with the sound of --- after the last letter. the letter


    .
    .
    .

    .
    .

    .

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .

    .
    63

    .
    .
    .

    .

    .

    .
    . .
    :
    ..........
    .......... .
    ..........
    ...............
    ...........
    ............
    ....... ........
    ........ .
    ..........
    ......... .
    64

    ........... ..............
    ......... .
    ....... .
    ..........
    ...........
    your answer:...............................
    ...
    .
    .
    .
    ..
    ...
    your answer: .

    ...........
    ........... .
    ..........
    ......... .
    ........... ..........
    65

    Lesson 6
    Learning of IN in Persian.
    IN in Persian is:

    . .
    . .
    . . .
    . .
    . . .
    .
    .
    .

    66


    . . .
    . . .
    . .
    . .
    . .
    . .
    . .
    . . .
    . .
    . .
    .
    . .

    67

    ....... . ........ .
    ......... ........ .
    ........ ........ . . ..........
    ........ .... . . ....
    . ........ .
    ...... .
    ..........
    ....... .
    .......... ...... .
    ....... ........ .......
    ........ ..... .
    ........ ..... .
    ....... ...... .

    68

    ....... ........
    .......... ..........
    ........ ........ . .......
    ........ . ..........
    .......
    .......

    69

    Lesson 7
    Revision:
    Some adjectives:

    big :

    small :

    tall :

    short :

    difficult :

    easy :

    young:

    old :

    old :

    new :

    ugly :

    beautiful :

    hot :

    cold :
    And:

    Intelligent :

    Sweet :

    Skillful and expert :


    Near :

    Friendly :

    Far :

    70

    Kind :

    Learning very

    Very in Persian is:


    ) (After KH Y-e is consonant

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    71

    Learning and
    In Persian" and is:
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    Write in Persian:
    Sara is very intelligent and friendly.

    ........................................................................................................................
    Her mother is teacher. She is very kind.

    ........................................................................................................................
    Ali is Saras brother. He is in university and he is very skillful.

    ........................................................................................................................
    Mr. Jalali is our teacher and he is very young and friendly.

    ........................................................................................................................
    That flower is very beautiful and small.

    ........................................................................................................................

    72

    The wall of university is very tall and big.

    ........................................................................................................................
    My father is in Market (Baazaar) his work is very difficult.

    ........................................................................................................................
    He is skillful and intelligent.

    ... .
    .
    .. ..
    .
    .. ..
    . .
    . .
    . .
    . .
    73

    . ...
    ....
    .. .
    ..
    ...

    ..
    . ...
    . ..
    .. ..
    ..
    . .
    74

    Lesson 8
    Numbering in Persian (1).
    Persian numers, unlike the words start from left to right.

    10

    3 4 5

    0 1 2
    six :

    one :

    seven :

    two :

    eight :

    three :

    nine :

    four :
    five :

    ten


    75

    Write in Persian:
    Three flower __________________________________________
    Five boys_____________________________________________
    Two girls_____________________________________________
    One teacher ___________________________________________
    Seven tables __________________________________________
    Eight students _________________________________________
    Ten classes ___________________________________________
    Three trees ___________________________________________
    Four houses ___________________________________________
    Six years _____________________________________________
    Five polices __________________________________________
    Three brothers _________________________________________
    Two sisters and one brother
    ____________________________________________________
    Ten flowers and one tall tree
    ____________________________________________________
    Seven small tables and four big walls
    ____________________________________________________

    76

    One intelligent son and one beautiful daughter


    ____________________________________________________
    Five small birds and one short wall
    ____________________________________________________
    Four table in class
    ____________________________________________________
    Five boys in house and six girls in school
    ____________________________________________________
    Two old men in market
    ____________________________________________________
    A young man and his friend
    ____________________________________________________
    That teacher and ten students in university
    ____________________________________________________
    One kind father and three daughters
    ____________________________________________________
    Try these:
    Are you three brothers?
    ____________________________________________________
    Those four flowers are beautiful.

    __________________________________________

    77

    Lesson 9
    Learning the verb to have
    To have in Persian is very common in use and it can be combined
    with several nouns to make a new verb.

    To have in Persian is:

    And the present stem is:

    The formula for conjugating the verb to have in Persian:

    + -- + +
    + +
    + -- / + +

    .
    .
    .

    + +

    + +

    + -- + +

    . .

    78

    . .
    . .
    . .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .

    Negative:
    . . .
    . . .
    today :
    every day :
    tonight :
    every night :
    79

    this year :
    every year :
    .
    .
    .
    .

    .

    -------------------------------------------:
    ..........
    ..........
    ..........
    ............

    80

    ..........
    ..............
    ..........
    ............
    .... .............
    ...... ..........

    ........./........
    ..........................
    ..........................
    .........................
    .........../.........
    .............................
    .............................
    .............................
    ..........
    .......................................
    ......................................
    ..........
    ...........................
    81

    ...........................
    ............................
    ...........
    .................................
    ................................
    .......... .... .........
    .......... ..........
    .......... .........
    ...... ........... .........
    ...... .........
    ....... .........
    .........
    ...... ..........
    ........ .........
    ..... ..........

    82

    Lesson 10
    Combination of to have with nouns to form some new
    verbs.
    + = to Love / to like
    Present root:


    . . .
    . . .
    Note:
    In Persian direct object always followed by the preposition



    .
    .


    83

    .
    .
    .

    :
    . .
    .
    .
    . .
    . . /
    .

    .....................................................................................................
    .....................................................................................................
    .....................................................................................................
    .....................................................................................................
    .....................................................................................................

    84

    ..... ..... .
    ..
    . .
    . ..
    .
    ..............................
    ...... ........
    ..... ....
    ...................................
    .... ..... .
    .... .....
    ................................
    .................................
    ..... ..... .
    .... ........
    .................................
    .............
    ....... ..... .
    ...........................................

    85

    Learning why
    added For making the question form of WHY in Persian just
    in the beginning of the sentence.

    .

    .

    .
    .
    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    86

    (means because) comes in To answer the question, the word


    the beginning of the sentence.

    =
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .
    .

    87

    .

    .
    .
    Try to give answer of the following:

    .... .
    ....... ......
    ...................................
    ..............
    .......
    ...................................
    ......... ..... .
    ..... .........
    ...............................................
    ...... .........
    ....... .......
    .
    .. .
    ...............................................
    ...... ............
    88

    ...... ............
    .......................................................
    ...... .
    ...... ..........
    ........................... ........
    ....... .
    ....... .......
    .........................................
    . .
    .
    . .
    . .
    .

    ............................................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................................
    .........................................................

    89

    Repeat:
    Give your own answers:

    ...... .
    ..........
    .......................................
    ........
    ........ .........
    .......................................
    ..... ...........
    ......... ...........
    .....................................................
    ...... .......
    ..... .......
    ........ ..............
    ....... .
    ..............
    ..
    ....
    .
    ....
    .......................................
    90

    ..... .........
    ..... ........
    ...........................................
    Words:

    91

    Lesson 11
    Learning where in Persian:


    /


    ?where am I
    ?where are you
    ?where is
    ?where are we
    ?where are you
    ?where are they


    .

    .

    .
    .

    .
    .
    .

    92

    . .

    . .
    .

    . .
    . .

    Note:
    one aleph

    When a word with aleph at the end, comes before


    can be droped,

    =
    =

    . .

    . . .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .
    93

    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    :
    .........
    ..........
    .........
    .........
    ...............
    ................
    .
    ........
    ..........
    ............
    ..... .
    ...........
    94

    ......... ....... .
    .........
    ....... . ...... ..........
    ...... ...........
    .......
    ...............
    ........ ..... .......
    ............
    ...........
    ..... ..... .
    ........ ...........
    ....... .
    ........ ..........
    .........
    ...... .....
    ...........
    ....... .........
    ....... ..........
    ......... ...... .

    ...... ............
    ..... ..... ........
    ........
    95

    Lesson 12
    After learning two most simple Persian verbs in present situation,
    the formula of conjugation for Persian verbs likely changes.That
    come at the beginning of Persian verb for mean an addition of
    present situation.

    present stem

    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    Negative:
    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    Question form:
    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +
    96

    + + +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    Learning the verbstudy & reading:


    to read

    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    present root

    + + +

    + + +

    + + + --- +
    Negative:
    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + +

    + + +--- +

    97

    field :
    subject :
    . . .
    . .
    .

    .
    ............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    ..........................................

    ..........................................
    .
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    ..........................................
    98

    to study

    ..........................................
    .
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ..........................................
    ..........................................
    .
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    ...................................
    ...................................
    .
    .......................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .
    .......................................
    .........................................
    99

    .........................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .
    .......................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    100

    Lesson 13
    Learning the verb to do in Persian:
    This verb very widely used in Persian and its combination with
    nouns makes many new verbs.
    To Do in Persian is:

    And present stem of to do is:

    Now we go back to the formula for conjugation:

    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + + +

    + + + --- +

    Negative:
    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + +

    + + +--- +
    + = to live
    101

    + =

    to think

    + = to work
    = to speak

    = with
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    Negative:

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .

    102

    Conversation:

    .

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .

    103

    :
    .... .........
    ...... ....................
    ...... .........
    ...... ........ .
    ...............
    ....... ......... .
    ..... .......
    ..... .........
    ..... ........
    ...... .......
    ..... .......
    ..... ..........
    ..... .........
    .........
    ..... ........
    .... ........
    .......
    ...... .........
    .... ........
    .......
    ..... ..........

    104

    .........
    ........
    ..... ..............
    ...... ....................
    .........
    ...... ....... .
    .......... .................
    .............
    .......... .............. .

    105

    Lesson 14
    :
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    Negative:

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    Conversation:

    .

    .

    106

    .

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .
    ....... ....................
    ......................
    ..............
    .... ..... ................
    ......... ..................
    107

    .... ..................
    ..... ......
    .... ............
    ..... ......
    ..... ..... ...............
    .... ...................
    .... ...............
    Conversation:

    ..... .........
    ...........
    ...... ....... .
    ..... ...........
    ..................
    ...... ..................
    .... ..............
    ...........
    ...... .............
    ..... .... ..............
    ... ...................
    ..... ...................
    108

    ..... ................
    ...............
    .... ...............
    .... ................
    ...........
    ......... ................

    109

    Lesson 15

    = about

    here it is in :

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    . .
    . .
    .
    .
    . .
    .
    .

    110

    .
    .

    .......................
    .........................
    .......................
    ........................
    ..........................
    ...................
    ....... ............
    .... ......... ....................
    ........ .........
    ...... ...........
    ... ........... .
    .... ........
    .........
    ........ .........
    .........

    -----------------

    111


    .... .........
    ...... ....................
    ...... .........
    ...... ........ .
    ...............
    ....... ......... .
    ..... .......
    ..... .........
    ..... ........
    ...... .......
    ..... .......
    ..... ..........
    ..... .........
    .........
    ..... ........
    .... ........
    .......
    ...... .........
    .... ........
    .......
    112

    ..... ..........
    .........
    ........
    ..... ..............
    ...... ....................
    .........
    ...... ....... .
    .......... .................
    .............
    .......... .............. .
    :
    ....... ....................
    ......................
    ..............
    .... ..... ................
    ......... ..................
    .... ..................
    ..... ......
    .... ............
    ..... ......

    113

    ..... ..... ...............


    .... ...................
    .... ...............

    Conversation:
    ..... .........
    ...........
    ...... ....... .
    ..... ...........
    ..................
    ...... ..................
    .... ..............
    ...........
    ...... .............
    ..... .... ..............
    ... ...................
    ..... ...................
    ..... ................
    ...............
    .... ...............
    .... ................
    ...........
    ......... ................

    114


    . . .
    . .
    . . .
    . .
    . . .
    . .
    . .
    . .
    .
    . . .
    . .
    .
    . .

    .

    ...... . .
    .
    Some more verb made out of joining with nouns:
    = to play
    = to help
    = to try/ to strive
    = to watch
    115

    . . . .
    .
    .

    . .

    . . .
    .

    .

    .

    116

    Lesson 16
    Learning the verbs to go and to come:
    Some prepositions:
    To :
    For :
    From :
    ............. From.. to
    The verb to go in Persian is:

    And present stem is:

    Again the same formula for present situation repeats:

    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + + +

    + + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + +


    117

    + + +--- +
    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .

    :
    .
    .......................................
    ........................................
    .
    ............................................
    .............................................
    . .....................................
    . ......................................................
    ...................................................
    ................................................
    . .................................................
    .....................................................

    118

    . .
    . .
    . . .
    . .
    .

    .
    .

    . . .
    . .
    .
    .
    . .
    . .
    .

    .
    -------------------------------------------------

    119

    :
    ..........................................................
    ...................................................................
    .............................................................
    ............................................................
    ..............................................................
    ................................................................
    .....................................................
    ...............................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .....................................................
    ......................................................................................
    ......................................................................................
    ............ .............
    ........... ........... ........
    ............. ............. ............
    ............. ......... ..........
    ..................
    ..............
    .............
    .............

    120

    ................
    ........... ............ .........
    ............. ........
    .
    .
    . .
    . .
    ........... ............
    .........

    121

    Lesson 17
    The verb to come in Persian is:

    And present stem is:

    The same formula for present situation repeats:

    + + + --- +
    + + +

    + + + --- +

    + + +

    + + +

    + + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + +

    + + +--- +
    .

    .
    122

    . .
    . .
    . .
    .
    .

    ............................................
    ...............................................
    .................................................
    .................................................
    ............................................
    ..............................................

    . .
    .
    . .
    .
    . .
    123

    .
    .
    .

    .
    :
    ............

    ..... .

    ...........

    ..... .

    .........
    ...............

    .... .
    .... .

    ............

    ... .

    ...........

    ... .

    ............ ......... ........


    ......... ...........
    ........... ............
    ..........
    .........
    ...........
    .......................................................
    124

    .........

    ..............................................

    .......................................................
    ..........

    ............................................

    .....................................................
    . .....................................................
    .........
    ............. .......... ...........
    ............
    ......... ........... .........
    .............
    ......... ......... .............
    .............
    .......... ...............
    ..............
    .......
    + = =

    .
    .

    125

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .
    .

    126

    Lesson 18
    )Numbering in Persian. (2

    18

    17

    16

    15

    14

    13

    12

    11

    10

    90

    80

    70

    60

    50

    40

    30

    20

    19

    900

    800

    700

    600

    500

    400

    300

    200

    100

    1000 10000
    The above figures in Persian are as we can follow here:

    10 11 12 13 14 15
    16 17 18 19 20 30 40
    50 60 70 80 90 100200
    300 400 500 600 700
    1000 1000000
    .

    . .

    . .
    . .
    . .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .
    127

    .
    .
    .

    ............................................................................................
    21 22

    134

    1388 2898
    Talking of positions in Persian.
    First second third forth ..




    . .
    . . .
    .
    will be added to them. And when word comes at the beginning
    The first man who
    The fifth.

    .
    .
    128

    .
    .
    .
    .
    . .
    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .

    129

    Lesson 19

    Learng the verbs:


    To say
    to say in Persian is:
    The persent stem is:

    + + + --- +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + + +

    + + + --- +

    Negative:
    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + +

    + + +--- +

    130

    Question form of to say:


    means what : As we know

    What say? Is
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .
    :
    .
    . .
    . :
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .

    131

    Lesson 20

    Learning the verb to become


    to become in Persian is:

    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    And the present stem is:

    + + +

    + + +

    + + + --- +
    Negative:
    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + +

    + + +--- +
    .
    .
    132

    .
    .
    .

    .
    Learning the verb to give
    to give in Persian is:

    + + + ---- +

    And the present stem is:

    + + +

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + + +

    + + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + + ---- +
    + + +

    + + +

    + + +--- +
    133

    = (in academic) to teach


    = to teach
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .

    . .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    Learning the verb to get
    to get/catch in Persian is:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + + + --- +


    134

    And the present stem is:

    + + +

    + + +

    + + + --- +
    Negative:
    + + + --- +

    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + +--- +
    = to learn
    : :

    .
    .
    :

    .

    135

    To Know

    .

    .
    .


    . .

    136

    Chapter three:
    Continue with sentences
    Simple past tense
    Repeat of sentences

    137

    Lesson 1
    To make the stem for past only remove the last letter of any verb.
    The remaining word is the past stem.
    Learning the verb to be
    To have in Persian is:

    And the present stem is:

    The formula for conjugating the verb to have in Persian:

    + --- + +

    + +

    + +

    + +

    + --- + +

    Positive and negative form for to be


    -

    -

    138



    . . .
    .

    .
    .

    . .
    .

    . .
    . .
    .

    . .
    .

    139

    . .
    . .
    . .
    Make the following sentences in past form:

    . . .

    . .
    .
    . . .
    ..
    .
    ..
    .
    ..
    .
    .

    140

    ....... ....... ........ ......


    ..
    ......... ........ .
    .
    ........ ........ . . ..........
    .
    ........ .... . . ....
    .
    . ........ .
    ..
    ...... .
    ..
    ..........
    ..
    ....... .
    .
    ........ ..... .
    ..
    141

    ........ ..... .
    ..
    ....... ...... .
    ..
    ....... ........
    .
    .......... ..........
    ..
    ....... .
    ..
    .......

    142

    Lesson 2
    Learning the verb to have

    To have in Persian is:

    And the past stem is:

    To make the stem for past only remove the last alphabet.
    The formula for conjugating the verb to have in Persian:

    + + --- +
    + +

    .
    .

    / +

    / .

    + +

    + +

    + + --- +

    .
    Write in the form of past:

    .
    ..
    . .

    143

    . .

    . .

    .
    .
    .

    .
    ..
    Negative:

    . . .
    . . .
    yesterday :
    last night :
    last year :
    144

    Write in past form:

    .
    .
    .

    .
    ..
    .
    ..

    .
    ..
    :
    ..........
    ..........
    ..........
    ............
    ..........
    ..............
    ..........
    ............
    .... .............
    145

    ...... ..........
    ........./........
    ..........................
    ..........................
    .........................
    .........../.........
    .............................
    .............................
    .............................
    ..........
    .......................................
    ......................................
    ..........
    ...........................
    ...........................
    ............................
    ...........
    .................................
    ................................
    .......... .... .........
    .......... ..........

    146

    .......... .........
    ...... ........... .........
    ...... .........
    ....... .........
    .........
    ...... ..........
    ........ .........
    ..........

    147

    Lesson 3
    Combination of to have with nouns for some new verbs.
    + = to Love / to like
    Past stem:


    . . .
    . . .
    Note:
    In Persian direct object always followed by the preposition


    .
    .


    .
    .

    148

    :
    ........ ..........
    ..........
    ....... ..........
    ........ .
    . . /
    .
    ...........................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    Continue with the past:

    ..
    . .
    . ..
    .
    ..............................
    ...... ........
    ..... ....
    ...................................
    .... .....
    149

    .... ..... .
    ................................
    .................................
    ..... ..... .
    .... ........
    .................................
    .............
    ....... .....
    ...........................................
    ........
    .........
    .......
    ......
    ...........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .............
    ............
    .
    ..........
    ............
    .
    150

    .........
    .
    ............
    ..........
    .............
    ...............
    .
    ...........
    ............

    ...............
    . .
    .
    . .
    . .
    .
    Write the above text in to past form:

    ............................................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................................
    .........................................................

    151

    Lesson 4
    Learning where in Persian:

    ?where am I

    ?where are you

    ?where is

    ?where are we

    ?where are you

    ?where are they

    .........
    .............
    ..........
    ...........
    ...........
    .............
    ..........
    ...........
    .............
    ...............
    ..............
    ..............
    .......... ............
    152

    ..........
    ............... ..............
    .............
    ..............
    ................ .
    .............. .
    ............
    ...............
    ..............
    .................
    .
    .
    .
    .............
    ...................
    .............
    .
    ...................
    ...................
    .........
    ..........
    .........
    .........
    153

    ...............
    ................
    .
    ........
    ..........
    ............
    ..... .
    ...........
    ......... ....... .
    ......... ..........
    ....... . ...... ..........
    ...... ...........
    .......
    ...............
    ..... .......
    ............
    ...........
    ..... ..... .............
    ........ ...........
    ....... .
    ........ ..........
    .........

    154

    ...... .....
    ...........
    ....... .........
    ....... ..........
    ......... .
    ...... .........
    ..... ..... ........
    ........

    155

    Lesson 5
    Learning the verbstudy & reading:
    to read

    pastt stem

    + + ---- +

    + +

    +

    + +

    + +
    + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + +--- +
    . . .
    . .
    .
    156

    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .

    .
    ............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    ..........................................
    ..........................................
    .
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    ..........................................
    ..........................................
    .
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ..........................................
    ..........................................
    .
    .....................................
    157

    .....................................
    .....................................
    ...................................
    ...................................
    .
    .......................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .
    .......................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .
    .......................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    158

    Lesson 6
    Learning the verb to do in Persian:
    As we said this verb has very wide use in Persian and its
    combination with nouns makes many new verbs making you able
    to express and communicate more.
    To Do in Persian is:

    And past stem of to do is

    Now we go back to the formula for conjugation:

    + ---- + +

    + +

    +

    + +

    + +
    + --- + +

    Negative:
    + ---- + + +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    +--- + + +
    to live = +
    to think
    159

    = +

    + = to work
    = to speak

    Change to the past:

    .
    .
    .
    ..

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    Negative:

    .
    .
    .

    ..
    ..
    .
    .
    .
    .
    ..
    160

    ..
    Conversation:

    ..

    ...
    .
    .
    ...
    ...

    ..
    ...
    ..
    ..
    .
    ..
    .
    ...
    ..................
    ................

    161

    :
    .... .........
    ...... ....................
    ...... .........
    ...... ......... .........
    ...............
    ....... ........... .........
    ..... .......
    ..... .........
    ..... ........
    ...... .......
    ..... .......
    ..... ..........
    ..... .........
    .........
    ..... ........
    .... ........
    .......
    ...... .........

    162

    .... ........
    .......
    ..... ..........
    .........
    ........
    ..... ..............
    ...... ....................
    ......... ..........
    ...... ....... ..............
    .......... .................
    .............
    .......... .............. ............

    163

    Lesson 7
    :
    Make these sentences past and negative:

    .
    .
    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    .
    .
    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    .
    .
    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    .
    .
    164

    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    .

    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    .

    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    .

    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    .

    165

    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    .

    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    .
    .
    .
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ........................................................................
    ....... ....................
    ......................
    ..............
    .... ..... ................
    ......... ..................
    .... ..................
    ..... ......
    .... ............
    166

    ..... ......
    ..... ..... ...............
    .... ...................
    .... ...............
    ..... .........
    ...........
    ...... ....... ..
    ..... ...........
    ..................
    ...... ..................
    .... ..............
    ...........
    ...... .............
    ..... .... ..............
    ... ...................
    ..... ...................
    ..... ................
    ...............
    .... ...............
    .... ................
    ...........
    ......... ................
    167

    Lesson 8

    Make these sentences negative:

    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .

    . .
    . .
    .
    .

    168

    . .
    .
    .

    .
    .

    .......................
    .........................
    .......................
    ........................
    ..........................
    ...................
    ....... .....................
    .... ......... ....................
    ........ .........
    ...... ...........
    169

    ... ........... ..
    .... ........
    ..
    ........ ...........
    .........
    -------------------------
    .... .........
    ...... ....................
    ...... .........
    ...... .........
    ...............
    ....... ..........
    ..... .......
    ..... .........
    ..... ........
    ...... .......
    ..... .......
    ..... ..........
    170

    ..... .........
    .........
    ..... ........
    .... ........
    .......
    ...... .........
    .... ........
    .......
    ..... ..........
    .........
    ........
    ..... ..............
    ...... ....................
    .........
    ...... ....... ..
    .......... .................
    .............
    .......... .............. ..

    171

    :
    ....... ....................
    ......................
    ..............
    .... ..... ................
    ......... ..................
    .... ..................
    ..... ......
    .... ............
    ..... ......
    ..... ..... ...............
    .... ...................
    .... ...............
    ..... .........
    ...........
    ...... ....... .
    ..... ...........
    ..................
    172

    ...... ..................
    .... ..............
    ...........
    ...... .............
    ..... .... ..............
    ... ...................
    ..... ...................
    ..... ................
    ...............
    .... ...............
    .... ................
    ...........
    ......... ................
    Some more verb made out of joining with nouns:

    = to play
    = to help
    = to try/ to strive
    = to watch
    . . . .
    . .
    ..................................................................................
    173

    .....................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ........................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................
    ............................................................................................................................
    ...........................................
    .............................................................................................................................
    .............................................
    .......
    ............. .................

    . . .............. ....
    ........... ......
    ...........
    ...........
    ..........
    ............

    174

    Lesson 9
    Learning the verbs to go and to come:
    Some prepositions:
    To :
    For :
    From :
    .............

    From.. to

    The verb to go in Persian is:

    And past stem is:

    Again the same formula for present situation repeats:

    + + ---- +

    + +

    +

    + +

    + +
    + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +
    + + +
    + + +



    175

    + + +--- +

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    :
    ...............
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .................
    ............................................
    .............................................
    ............... .....................................
    ................ ......................................................
    .................................................................
    ..................................................................
    176

    .................. .................................................
    ......................................................................
    . .
    . .
    . . .
    . .
    .
    Write in past form:

    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................

    .
    .


    . . .
    . .

    177


    .
    .
    .
    . .
    . .

    .

    .

    :
    ..........................................................
    ...................................................................
    .............................................................
    ............................................................
    ..............................................................
    ................................................................

    178

    .....................................................
    ...............................................................................
    .................................................................................
    ...................................................
    ................................................................................
    ................................................................................
    ............ .............
    ........... ........... ........
    ............. ............. ............
    ............. ......... ..........
    ............
    ..............
    .............
    .............
    ................
    ........... ............ .........
    ............. .. .....

    179

    Write in past form

    .
    .
    . .
    . .

    ............................................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................................
    ...................
    ........... ............
    ......... .......

    180

    Lesson 10

    The verb to come in Persian is:

    And past stem is:

    The same formula for present situation repeats:


    + + --- +
    + +
    +

    + +

    + +

    + --- +


    Negative:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + +--- +
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .

    181

    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    Change in to the past:

    .
    . . .
    . .
    .
    .

    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    .................................................
    .................................................
    ............................................
    ..............................................

    . .


    .
    182

    . .
    .
    . .

    .
    .

    .

    .

    .
    Change in to the past and correctly fill:

    ............
    ...........
    .........

    ..... .
    ..... .
    .... .

    .... .
    ...............
    ... ............ .
    ... .
    ...........

    183

    ............ ............. ...........


    ......... ...........
    ........... ............
    ..........
    .........
    ...........
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    ......................................................
    .....................................................
    . .....................................................
    .........
    ............. .......... ...........
    ............
    ......... ........... .........
    .............
    ......... ......... .............
    .............
    .......... ...............
    ..............
    ....... ..........

    184

    Learning the verb to become


    to become in Persian is:

    And the past stem is:

    + + --- +
    + +
    +
    + +
    + +
    + + --- +

    + + + -- +
    + + +
    + +

    Negative:


    + + +

    + + +
    + + +--- +
    Learning the verb to give

    + + -- +
    + + +
    + +
    + +





    185

    to give in Persian is:


    And the present stem is:


    + +
    + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + +--- +
    = (in academic) to teach
    = to teach

    + + ---- +
    + +
    +


    + +

    + +
    + + --- +

    186

    Learning the verb to get


    to give in Persian is:
    And the present stem is:

    Negative:

    ++ + ---- +
    + + +
    + +


    + + +

    + + +
    + + + --- +
    = to learn

    187

    Chapter four:
    Continue with sentences
    past Continue tense
    Repeat of sentences

    188

    Lesson 1
    -------
    + + + ---- +

    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + + --- +
    Negative:
    + + + ---- +

    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + +--- +
    .

    .
    .
    . .
    .

    189


    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .

    .
    ............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    ..........................................
    ..........................................
    .
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    ..........................................
    ..........................................
    .
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ..........................................
    ..........................................

    190

    to study

    .
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    ...................................
    ...................................
    .
    .......................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .
    .......................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .
    .......................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    191

    Lesson 2
    Learning the verb to do in Persian:
    This verb has very wide use in Persian and its combination with
    nouns makes many new verbs making you able to express and
    communicate more.
    To Do in Persian is:

    And past stem of to do is

    Now we go back to the formula for conjugation:

    + ---- + + +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +

    + --- + + +
    Negative:
    + ---- + + +

    + + +

    + ---- + + +

    + + +

    + + +

    192

    + + +--- +
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    Negative:

    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    Conversation:

    .

    .
    ................
    ...........
    .............
    193

    ................
    ..............
    ..... ...............
    ............

    ........ ............
    .... ............
    .............
    .........
    ...........
    ..........
    .............
    :
    .... .........
    ...... ....................
    ...... .........
    ...... ........ .
    ...............
    ....... ......... .
    ..... .......
    ..... .........
    ..... ........
    194

    ...... .......
    ..... .......
    ..... ..........
    ..... .........
    .........
    ..... ........
    .... ........
    .......
    ...... .........
    .... ........
    .......
    ..... ..........
    .........
    ........
    ..... ..............
    ...... ....................
    .........
    ...... ....... .
    .......... .................
    .............
    .......... .............. .

    195

    Lesson 3
    :
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    Negative:

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    Conversation:

    .............
    ...........
    ............
    ...........
    .........
    ...........
    196

    ...........
    ...........
    ............
    ...........
    ..............
    .............
    ................
    ..........
    .................
    ............
    ..................
    ..............
    ....... ....................
    ......................
    ..............
    .... ..... ................
    ......... ..................
    .... ..................
    ..... ......
    .... ............
    197

    ..... ......
    ..... ..... ...............
    .... ...................
    .... ...............
    Conversation:

    ..... .........
    ...........
    ...... ....... .
    ..... ...........
    ..................
    ...... ..................
    .... ..............
    ...........
    ...... .............
    ..... .... ..............
    ... ...................
    ..... ...................
    ..... ................
    ...............
    .... ...............
    .... ................
    ...........
    ......... ................
    198

    Lesson 4
    .
    .
    .
    .............................................................
    ...........................................................
    ...........................................................
    .
    .
    .
    ............................................................
    .............................................................
    ................................................................
    . .
    . .
    .
    .
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...
    . .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    199

    ......................................................................................................
    .....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    .......................
    .........................
    .......................
    ........................
    ..........................
    ...................
    ....... ...............
    .... ......... ....................
    ........ .........
    ...... ...........
    ... ........... .
    .... ........
    .........
    ........ .........
    .........
    ----------------------

    200


    .... .........
    ...... ....................
    ...... .........
    ...... ........ .
    ...............
    ....... ......... .
    ..... .......
    ..... .........
    ..... ........
    ...... .......
    ..... .......
    ..... ..........
    ..... .........
    .........
    ..... ........
    .... ........
    .......
    ...... .........
    .... ........
    .......
    ..... ..........

    201

    .........
    ........
    ..... ..............
    ...... ....................
    .........
    ...... ....... .
    .......... .................
    .............
    .......... .............. .
    :
    ....... ....................
    ......................
    ..............
    .... ..... ................
    ......... ..................
    .... ..................
    ..... ......
    .... ............
    ..... ......
    ..... ..... ...............
    .... ...................
    .... ...............
    202

    Conversation:

    ..... .........
    ...........
    ...... ....... .
    ..... ...........
    ..................
    ...... ..................
    .... ..............
    ...........
    ...... .............
    ..... .... ..............
    ... ...................
    ..... ...................
    ..... ................
    ...............
    .... ...............
    .... ................
    ...........
    ......... ................
    Some more verb made out of joining with nouns:

    = to play
    = to help
    = to try/ to strive
    = to watch

    203

    . . .
    . .
    .

    . .

    ......... ........ .

    204

    Lesson 5
    Learning the verbs to go and to come:

    The verb to go in Persian is:

    And past stem is:

    Again the same formula for present situation repeats:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + +--- +
    .

    .
    205

    .
    .

    .
    .

    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .

    :
    .
    .......................................
    ........................................
    .
    ............................................
    .............................................
    . .....................................
    . ......................................................
    ...................................................
    ................................................
    . .................................................
    .....................................................
    Make these sentences past countinue:


    .
    .
    206

    ..
    ..


    . . .
    . .

    .
    .
    .
    . .
    . .

    :
    ..........................................................
    ...................................................................
    .............................................................
    ............................................................
    ..............................................................
    ................................................................

    207

    .....................................................
    ...............................................................................
    .................................................................................
    ...................................................
    ................................................................................
    ................................................................................
    ............ .............
    ........... ........... ........
    ............. ............. ............
    ............. ......... ..........
    ............
    ..............
    .............
    .............
    ................
    ........... ............ .........
    ............. .. .....

    208

    Lesson 6

    The verb to come in Persian is:

    And past countinue stem is:

    The same formula for present situation repeats:

    + + + --- +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + +--- +
    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .

    209

    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    Make past countinuous:

    .
    . . .
    . .
    .
    .

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    .................................................
    .................................................
    ............................................
    ..............................................

    . .
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    .
    . .
    210

    .
    . .
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    .

    .

    .
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    :
    ............
    ...........
    .........

    ..... ............
    ..... ............
    .... ..........

    .... ........
    ...............
    ... ............ ...............
    ... ...........
    ...........
    ............... .............
    ........... ................... .................
    ................ .................

    211

    .................
    .........
    ...........
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    ......................................................
    .....................................................
    . .....................................................
    .........
    ............. .......... ...........
    ............
    ......... ........... .........
    .............
    ......... ......... .............
    .............
    .......... ...............
    ..............
    ....... ..........

    + + + --- +
    + + +



    212

    to say:
    The past stem is:

    + +


    + + +

    + + +
    + + + --- +
    Negative:

    + +
    + + +
    + +


    + + +

    + + +
    + + +--- +
    Question form of to say:
    means what : As we know
    What say? Is

    to become in Persian is:

    And the past stem is:


    Past countinuous:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +
    + + +
    + + +



    213

    + + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +
    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + +
    + +

    + + + ---- +
    + + +
    + + + ---- +

    to give in Persian is:


    And the past stem is:


    + + +

    + + +
    + + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +
    + + +
    + + +



    214

    + + +--- +
    = (in academic) to teach
    = to teach

    to give in Persian is:


    And the past stem is:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + + --- +
    Negative:

    + + + ---- +

    + + +

    + +

    + + +

    + + +
    + + + --- +

    .
    .
    .

    215

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................................................
    216

    Lesson 7
    "" "" .






    .
    .
    . .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    :
    ...........................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    ........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    .........................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................
    ........................................................................................................................
    217

    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ......................................................................................................................
    Impartive Verb
    :


    + +
    +
    + + +
    .
    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    :
    .

    .
    .

    218

    :
    ............................................................................................................

    ..............................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ..................................................................................................................
    ......................................................................................................................
    .
    .........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    Conditional sentence
    :

    . .
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