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DSP System Toolbox
Filter Design and Analysis
Filter Design
fdesign.lowpass
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Syntax
Description
Examples
fdesign.lowpass
Lowpass filter specificationcollapse all in page
Syntax
D
D
D
D
D
D

=
=
=
=
=
=

fdesign.lowpass
fdesign.lowpass(SPEC)
fdesign.lowpass(SPEC,specvalue1,specvalue2,...)
fdesign.lowpass(specvalue1,specvalue2,specvalue3,specvalue4)
fdesign.lowpass(...,Fs)
fdesign.lowpass(...,MAGUNITS)

Description
D = fdesign.lowpass constructs a lowpass filter specification object D, applying
default values for the default specification string 'Fp,Fst,Ap,Ast'.
D = fdesign.lowpass(SPEC) constructs object D and sets the Specification propert
y to the string in SPEC. Entries in the SPEC string represent various filter res
ponse features, such as the filter order, that govern the filter design. Valid e
ntries for SPEC are shown below. The strings are not case sensitive.
Note: Specifications strings marked with an asterisk require the DSP System To
olbox software.
'Fp,Fst,Ap,Ast' (default spec)
'N,F3db'
'N,F3db,Ap' *
'N,F3db,Ap,Ast' *
'N,F3db,Ast' *
'N,F3db,Fst' *
'N,Fc'
'N,Fc,Ap,Ast'
'N,Fp,Ap'
'N,Fp,Ap,Ast'
'N,Fp,Fst,Ap' *

'N,Fp,F3db' *
'N,Fp,Fst'
'N,Fp,Fst,Ast' *
'N,Fst,Ap,Ast' *
'N,Fst,Ast'
'Nb,Na,Fp,Fst' *
The string entries are defined as follows:
Ap
amount of ripple allowed in the pass band in decibels (the default units). Al
so called Apass.
Ast attenuation in the stop band in decibels (the default units). Also called As
top.
F3db cutoff frequency for the point 3 dB point below the passband value. Specifi
ed in normalized frequency units.
Fc cutoff frequency for the point 6 dB point below the passband value. Specified
in normalized frequency units.
Fp frequency at the start of the pass band. Specified in normalized frequency un
its. Also called Fpass.
Fst frequency at the end of the stop band. Specified in normalized frequency uni
ts. Also called Fstop.
N filter order.
Na and Nb are the order of the denominator and numerator.
Graphically, the filter specifications look similar to those shown in the follow
ing figure.

Regions between specification values like Fp and Fst are transition regions wher
e the filter response is not explicitly defined.
D = fdesign.lowpass(SPEC,specvalue1,specvalue2,...) constructs an object D and s
ets the specification values at construction time using specvalue1, specvalue2,
and so on for all of the specification variables in SPEC.
D = fdesign.lowpass(specvalue1,specvalue2,specvalue3,specvalue4) constructs an o
bject D with values for the default Specification property string 'Fp,Fst,Ap,Ast
' using the specifications you provide as input arguments specvalue1,specvalue2,
specvalue3,specvalue4.
D = fdesign.lowpass(...,Fs) adds the argument Fs, specified in Hz to define the
sampling frequency to use. In this case, all frequencies in the specifications a
re in Hz as well.
D = fdesign.lowpass(...,MAGUNITS) specifies the units for any magnitude specific
ation you provide in the input arguments. MAGUNITS can be one of
'linear'
specify the magnitude in linear units
'dB' specify the magnitude in dB (decibels)
'squared'
specify the magnitude in power units
When you omit the MAGNUNITS argument, fdesign assumes that all magnitudes are in
decibels. Note that fdesign stores all magnitude specifications in decibels (co
nverting to decibels when necessary) regardless of how you specify the magnitude
s.
Examples
collapse all
Lowpass Filtering and Filter Visualization
Lowpass filter a discrete-time signal consisting of two sine waves.

Create a lowpass filter specification object. Specify the passband frequency to

be $0.15\pi$ rad/sample and the stopband frequency to be $0.25\pi$ rad/sample.
Specify 1 dB of allowable passband ripple and a stopband attenuation of 60 dB.
d = fdesign.lowpass('Fp,Fst,Ap,Ast',0.15,0.25,1,60);
Query the valid design methods for your filter specification object, d.
designmethods(d)
Design Methods for class fdesign.lowpass (Fp,Fst,Ap,Ast):
butter
cheby1
cheby2
ellip
equiripple
ifir
kaiserwin
multistage
Create an FIR equiripple filter and view the filter magnitude response with fvto
ol.
Hd = design(d,'equiripple');
fvtool(Hd)
Create a signal consisting of the sum of two discrete-time sinusoids with freque
ncies of $\pi/8$ and $\pi/4$ rad/sample and amplitudes of 1 and 0.25, respecti
vely. Filter the discrete-time signal with the FIR equiripple filter object, Hd.
n = 0:159;
x = 0.25*cos((pi/8)*n)+sin((pi/4)*n);
y = filter(Hd,x);
Compute the Fourier transform of the original signal and the filtered signal. Ve
rify that the high-frequency component has been filtered out.
freq = 0:(2*pi)/160:pi;
xdft = fft(x);
ydft = fft(y);
figure
plot(freq/pi,abs(xdft(1:length(x)/2+1)))
hold on
plot(freq/pi,abs(ydft(1:length(y)/2+1)))
legend('Original Signal','Filtered Signal')
ylabel('Magnitude')
xlabel('Normalized frequency (\times\pi rad/sample)')
Create a filter of order 10 with a 6-dB frequency of 9.6 kHz and a sampling freq
uency of 48 kHz. The only valid design method is the FIR window method.
d = fdesign.lowpass('N,Fc',10,9600,48000);
designmethods(d)
Hd = design(d);

Design Methods for class fdesign.lowpass (N,Fc):

window
Display the filter magnitude response. The -6 dB point is at 9.6 kHz, as expecte
d.
fvtool(Hd)
If you have the DSP System Toolbox software, you can specify the shape of the st
opband and the rate at which the stopband decays. The following example requires
the DSP System Toolbox.
Create an FIR equiripple filter with a passband frequency of $0.2\pi$ rad/sampl
e, a stopband frequency of $0.25\pi$ rad/sample, a passband ripple of 1 dB, and
a stopband attenuation of 60 dB. Design the filter with a 20 dB/rad/sample line
ar stopband.
D = fdesign.lowpass('Fp,Fst,Ap,Ast',0.2,0.25,1,60);
Hd = design(D,'equiripple','StopbandShape','linear','StopbandDecay',20);
fvtool(Hd)
See Also
design | designmethods | fdesign
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