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Mobileapp
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Amobileappisacomputerprogramdesignedtorunon
smartphones,tabletcomputersandothermobiledevices.
Appsareusuallyavailablethroughapplicationdistribution
platforms,whichbeganappearingin2008andaretypicallyoperated
bytheownerofthemobileoperatingsystem,suchastheAppleApp
Store,GooglePlay,WindowsPhoneStore,andBlackBerryApp
World.Someappsarefree,whileothersmustbebought.Usually,
theyaredownloadedfromtheplatformtoatargetdevice,suchasan
iPhone,BlackBerry,AndroidphoneorWindowsPhone,but
sometimestheycanbedownloadedtolaptopsordesktopcomputers.
Forappswithaprice,generallyapercentage,2030%,goestothe
distributionprovider(suchasiTunes),andtherestgoestothe
produceroftheapp.[1]Thesameappcanthereforecosttheaverage
Smartphoneuseradifferentpricedependingonwhethertheyuse
iPhone,Android,orBlackBerry10devices.

IconsformobileappsonaNexus4
smartphone

Theterm"app"isashorteningoftheterm"applicationsoftware".Ithasbecomeverypopular,andin2010
waslistedas"WordoftheYear"bytheAmericanDialectSociety.[2]In2009,technologycolumnistDavid
Poguesaidthatnewersmartphonescouldbenicknamed"appphones"todistinguishthemfromearlierless
sophisticatedsmartphones.[3]
Mobileappswereoriginallyofferedforgeneralproductivityandinformationretrieval,includingemail,
calendar,contacts,stockmarketandweatherinformation.However,publicdemandandtheavailabilityof
developertoolsdroverapidexpansionintoothercategories,suchaswordprocessing,socialmedia,picture
sharing,mobilegames,factoryautomation,GPSmappingandlocationbasedservices,banking,networking
andfiletransfer,education,videostreaming,ordertracking,ticketpurchasesandrecentlymobilemedical
apps.Theexplosioninnumberandvarietyofappsmadediscoveryachallenge,whichinturnledtothe
creationofawiderangeofreview,recommendation,andcurationsources,includingblogs,magazines,and
dedicatedonlineappdiscoveryservices.Recently,governmentregulatoryagencieshavelaunched
initiativestoregulateandcurateapps,particularlymedicalapps.[4]
Thepopularityofmobileappshascontinuedtorise,astheirusagehasbecomeincreasinglyprevalent
acrossmobilephoneusers.[5]AMay2012comScorestudyreportedthatduringthepreviousquarter,more
mobilesubscribersusedappsthanbrowsedthewebontheirdevices:51.1%vs.49.8%respectively.[6]
Researchersfoundthatusageofmobileappsstronglycorrelateswithusercontextanddependsonuser's
locationandtimeoftheday.[7]
AccordingtomarketresearchfirmGartner,102billionappswillbedownloadedin2013(91%ofthemwill
befree)buttheywillstillgenerateUS$26billion,up44.4%on2012'sUS$18billion.[8]Ananalystreport
estimatesthattheappeconomycreatesrevenuesofmorethan10billionperyearwithintheEuropean
Union,whileover529,000jobshavebeencreatedin28EUstatesduetothegrowthoftheappmarket.[9]

Contents

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Contents
1Development
2Distribution
2.1AmazonAppstore
2.2AppStore
2.3BlackBerryWorld
2.4GooglePlay
2.5NokiaStore
2.6WindowsPhoneStore
2.7WindowsStore
2.8SamsungAppsStore
3Enterprisemanagement
3.1UseofMobileApps:AppWrappingvs.NativeAppManagement
4Top25popularmobileappsinU.S.
5Seealso
6References

Development
Developingappsformobiledevicesrequiresconsideringtheconstraintsandfeaturesofthesedevices.
Mobiledevicesrunonbatteryandhavelesspowerfulprocessorsthanpersonalcomputersandalsohave
morefeaturessuchaslocationdetectionandcameras.Developersalsohavetoconsiderawidearrayof
screensizes,hardwarespecificationsandconfigurationsbecauseofintensecompetitioninmobilesoftware
andchangeswithineachoftheplatforms.
Mobileapplicationdevelopmentrequiresuseofspecializedintegrateddevelopmentenvironments.Mobile
appsarefirsttestedwithinthedevelopmentenvironmentusingemulatorsandlatersubjectedtofield
testing.Emulatorsprovideaninexpensivewaytotestapplicationsonmobilephonestowhichdevelopers
maynothavephysicalaccess.[10]
Aspartofthedevelopmentprocess,mobileuserinterface(UI)Designisalsoanessentialinthecreationof
mobileapps.MobileUIconsidersconstraintsandcontexts,screen,inputandmobilityasoutlinesfor
design.Theuserisoftenthefocusofinteractionwiththeirdevice,andtheinterfaceentailscomponentsof
bothhardwareandsoftware.Userinputallowsfortheuserstomanipulateasystem,anddevice'soutput
allowsthesystemtoindicatetheeffectsoftheusers'manipulation.MobileUIdesignconstraintsinclude
limitedattentionandformfactors,suchasamobiledevice'sscreensizeforauser'shand.MobileUI
contextssignalcuesfromuseractivity,suchaslocationandschedulingthatcanbeshownfromuser
interactionswithinamobileapplication.Overall,mobileUIdesign'sgoalisprimarilyforan
understandable,userfriendlyinterface.
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MobileUIs,orfrontends,relyonmobilebackendstosupportaccesstoenterprisesystems.Themobile
backendfacilitatesdatarouting,security,authentication,authorization,workingoffline,andservice
orchestration.Thisfunctionalityissupportedbyamixofmiddlewarecomponentsincludingmobileapp
servers,MobileBackendasaservice(MBaaS),andSOAinfrastructure.

Distribution
AmazonAppstore
AmazonAppstoreisanalternateapplicationstorefortheAndroidoperatingsystem.Itwasopenedin
March2011,with3800applications.[11]TheAmazonAppstore'sAndroidAppscanalsorunonBlackBerry
10devices.

AppStore
Apple'sAppStoreforiOSwasthefirstappdistributionservice,whichsetthestandardforappdistribution
servicesandcontinuestodoso,openedonJuly10,2008,andasofJanuary2011,reportedover10billion
downloads.AsofJune6,2011,therewere425,000appsavailable,whichhadbeendownloadedby
200millioniOSusers.[12][13]DuringApple's2012WorldwideDevelopersConference,AppleCEOTim
CookannouncedthattheAppStorehas650,000availableappstodownloadaswellas"anastounding
30billionapps"downloadedfromtheappstoreuntilthatdate.[14]Fromanalternativeperspective,figures
seeninJuly2013bytheBBCfromtrackingserviceAdevenindicateovertwothirdsofappsinthestoreare
"zombies",barelyeverinstalledbyconsumers.[15]

BlackBerryWorld
BlackBerryWorldistheapplicationstoreforBlackBerry10andBlackBerryOSdevices.ItopenedinApril
2009asBlackBerryAppWorld,andasofFebruary2011,wasclaimingthelargestrevenueperapp:
$9,166.67comparedto$6,480.00attheAppleAppStoreand$1,200intheAndroidmarket.InJuly2011,it
wasreporting3milliondownloadsperdayand1billiontotaldownloads.[16]InMay2013,BlackBerry
Worldreachedover120,000apps.BlackBerry10userscanalsorunAndroidapps.

GooglePlay
GooglePlay(formerlyknownastheAndroidMarket)isaninternationalonlinesoftwarestoredevelopedby
GoogleforAndroiddevices.ItopenedinOctober2008.[17]InAugust2014,therewereapproximately1.3+
millionappsavailableforAndroid,[18]andtheestimatednumberofapplicationsdownloadedfromGoogle
Playwas40billion.

NokiaStore
AnappstoreforNokiaphoneswaslaunchedinternationallyinMay2009.AsofApril2011therewere
50,000apps,andasofAugust2011,Nokiawasreporting9milliondownloadsperday.InFebruary2011,
NokiareportedthatitwouldstartusingWindowsPhoneasitsprimaryoperatingsystem.[19]InMay2011,
NokiaannouncedplanstorebranditsOviproductlineundertheNokiabrand[20]andOviStorewas
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renamedNokiaStoreinOctober2011.[21]NokiaStoreremainsasthedistributionplatformforitsprevious
linesofmobileoperatingsystemsbutwillnolongerallowdeveloperstopublishnewappsorappupdates
foritslegacySymbianandMeeGooperatingsystemsfromJanuary2014.[22]

WindowsPhoneStore
WindowsPhoneStorewasintroducedbyMicrosoftforitsWindowsPhoneplatform,whichwaslaunched
inOctober2010.AsofOctober2012,ithasover120,000appsavailable.[23]

WindowsStore
WindowsStorewasintroducedbyMicrosoftforitsWindows8andWindowsRTplatforms.Whileitcan
alsocarrylistingsfortraditionaldesktopprogramscertifiedforcompatibilitywithWindows8,itis
primarilyusedtodistribute"WindowsStoreapps"whichareprimarilybuiltforuseontabletsandother
touchbaseddevices(butcanstillbeusedwithakeyboardandmouse,andondesktopcomputersand
laptops).[24][25]

SamsungAppsStore
AnappstoreforSamsungmobilephoneswasfoundedinSeptember2009.[26]AsofOctober2011,
SamsungAppsreached10milliondownloads.Currentlythestoreisavailablein125countriesanditoffers
appsforWindowsMobile,AndroidandBadaplatforms.

Enterprisemanagement
Mobileapplicationmanagement(MAM)describessoftwareandservicesresponsibleforprovisioningand
controllingaccesstointernallydevelopedandcommerciallyavailablemobileappsusedinbusiness
settings,whichhasbecomenecessarywiththeonsetofBringyourowndevice(BYOD)phenomenon.
Whenanemployeebringsapersonaldeviceintoanenterprisesetting,mobileapplicationmanagement
enablesthecorporateITstafftotransferrequiredapplications,controlaccesstobusinessdata,andremove
locallycachedbusinessdatafromthedeviceifitislost,orwhenitsownernolongerworkswiththe
company.

UseofMobileApps:AppWrappingvs.NativeAppManagement
EspeciallymobileappsintheBYODcontextareasignificantsecurityriskforbusinesses,becausethey
transferunprotectedsensitivedatatotheInternetwithoutknowledgeandconsentoftheusers.Reportsof
stolencorporatedatashowhowquicklycorporateandpersonaldatacanfallintothewronghands.Data
theftisnotjustthelossofconfidentialinformation,butmakescompaniesvulnerabletoattackand
blackmail.[27]
ProfessionalMobileApplicationManagementhelpscompaniesprotecttheirdata.Oneoptionforsecuring
corporatedataisappwrapping.Buttherealsoaresomedisadvantageslikecopyrightinfringementorthe
lossofwarrantyrights.Functionality,productivityanduserexperienceareparticularlylimitedunderapp

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wrapping.Thepoliciesofawrappedappcan'tchanged.Soifrequired,itmustbecreatedfromscratch
again,addingadditionalcost.[28]
Alternatively,itispossibletooffernativeappssecurelythroughEnterprisemobilitymanagementwithout
limitingthenativeuserexperience.ThisenablesmoreflexibleITmanagementasappscanbeeasily
implementedandpoliciesadjustedatanytime.[29]

Top25popularmobileappsinU.S.
Thesearethe25mostpopular(butnotthemostused)appsintheUSAbytheiractiveusage,asofAugust
2014.Thislistcountsusageamongalloftheapplicationstores.[30]
App

Developer

Facebook

Facebook

YouTube

Google

GooglePlay

Google

GoogleSearch

Google

Pandora

Pandora

GoogleMaps

Google

Gmail

Google

Instagram

Facebook

AppleMaps

AppleInc.

YahooStocks

Yahoo!

iTunesRadio

AppleInc.

FacebookMessenger

Facebook

YahooWeather

Yahoo!

Twitter

Twitter

TheWeatherChannel

Comcast

Google+

Google

Netflix

Netflix

Snapchat

Snapchat,Inc.

AmazonMobile

Amazon.com

Pinterest

Pinterest

eBay

eBay

Skype

Microsoft

Shazam

Shazam

YahooMail

Yahoo!

KikMessenger

KikInteractive

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Seealso
Mobilecommerce

References
1. ^Siegler,MG(June11,2008)."Analyst:TheresagreatfutureiniPhoneapps"
(http://venturebeat.com/2008/06/11/analysttheresagreatfutureiniphoneapps/).VentureBeat.
2. ^" "App"voted2010wordoftheyearbytheAmericanDialectSociety(UPDATED)AmericanDialectSociety"
(http://www.americandialect.org/appvoted2010wordoftheyearbytheamericandialectsocietyupdated).
Americandialect.org.20110108.Retrieved20120128.
3. ^Pogue,David(November4,2009)."APlacetoPutYourApps"
(http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/05/technology/personaltech/05pogue.html?pagewanted=all).NewYorkTimes.
RetrievedJanuary22,2013.
4. ^Yetisen,A.K.,MartinezHurtado,J.L.,etal(2014).Theregulationofmobilemedicalapplications.Labona
Chip,14(5),833840.dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3LC51235E
5. ^Ludwig,Sean.December5,2012.venturebeat.com(http://venturebeat.com/2012/12/05/mobileappusagetv
web2012/),study:"Mobileappusagegrows35%,TV&webnotsomuch"
6. ^Perez,Sarah.July2,2012."comScore:InU.S.MobileMarket,Samsung,AndroidTopTheChartsApps
OvertakeWebBrowsing."techcrunch.com(http://techcrunch.com/2012/07/02/comscoreinusmobilemarket
samsungandroidtopthechartsappsovertakewebbrowsing/)
7. ^MatthiasBhmer,BrentHecht,JohannesSchning,AntonioKrger,andGernotBauer.2011.Fallingasleep
withAngryBirds,FacebookandKindle:alargescalestudyonmobileappusage
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2037373.2037383).In:Proceedingsofthe13thInternationalConferenceonHuman
ComputerInteractionwithMobileDevicesandServices(MobileHCI'11).ACM,NewYork,NY,USA,4756.
8. ^"Mobileappsrevenuestippedtoreach$26bnin2013"
(http://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2013/sep/19/gartnermobileappsrevenuesreport).The
Guardian.11October2013.Retrieved19September2013.
9. ^VisionMobile,PlumConsulting,"EuropeanAppEconomy"analystreport
(http://www.visionmobile.com/EUApp),September2013
10. ^"MobileApplicationDevelopmentGuidelines"(http://www.hitechito.com/blog/mobileapplication
developmentguidelines.php).byhitech.20131114.Retrieved20110405.
11. ^"AmazonAppstore:Android"(http://sigitarinto.com/2011/03/22/amazonappstore/).SigitArinto.com.201103
22.Retrieved20110405.
12. ^"10BillionAppCountdown"(http://www.apple.com/itunes/10billionappcountdown/).Apple.20110114.
13. ^Rao,Leena(July7,2011)."Apple'sAppStoreCrosses15BAppDownloads,Adds1BDownloadsInPast
Month"(http://techcrunch.com/2011/07/07/applesappstorecrosses15bappdownloadsadds1bdownloadsin
pastmonth/).TechCrunch.AOLInc.
14. ^Indvik,Lauren(June11,2012)."AppStoreStats:400MillionAccounts,650,000Apps"
(http://mashable.com/2012/06/11/wwdc2012appstorestats/).Mashable.
15. ^bbc.co.uk(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology23240971)
16. ^"BlackBerryAppWorldGeneratesHighestRevenuePerApp"(http://www.appschopper.com/blog/blackberry6/8

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16. ^"BlackBerryAppWorldGeneratesHighestRevenuePerApp"(http://www.appschopper.com/blog/blackberry
appworldgenerateshighestrevenueperapp/).appschopper.com.February7,2011.RetrievedMay5,2011.
17. ^Chu,Eric(13February2009)."AndroidMarketUpdateSupport"(http://android
developers.blogspot.com/2009/02/androidmarketupdatesupportfor.html).
18. ^"GooglePlay"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play).
19. ^"NokiaandMicrosoftAnnouncePlansforaBroadStrategicPartnershiptoBuildaNewGlobalMobile
Ecosystem"(http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2011/feb11/0211partnership.mspx).MicrosoftNews
Center.Microsoft.February11,2011.RetrievedOctober30,2011.
20. ^"TheevolutionofNokiaandOvi|NokiaConversationsTheofficialNokiaBlog"
(http://conversations.nokia.com/2011/05/16/theevolutionofnokiaandovi/).Conversations.nokia.com.Retrieved
20110825.
21. ^Fraser,Adam(10October2011)."OviStorerenamedasNokiaStore,nowbuiltusingQt"
(http://conversations.nokia.com/2011/10/10/ovistorerenamedasnokiastorenowbuiltusingqt/).
ConversationsbyNokia,officialNokiablog.Nokia.Retrieved25May2012.
22. ^"ChangestosupportedcontenttypesintheNokiaStore"
(http://developer.nokia.com/Blogs/News/blog/2013/10/04/changestosupportedcontenttypesinthenokia
store/).TheNokiaDeveloperTeam.October4,2013.RetrievedNovember12,2013.
23. ^Arghire,Ionut(30October2012)."WindowsPhoneStoreHas120,000AppsNow,MoretoCome"
(http://news.softpedia.com/news/WindowsPhoneStoreHas120000AppsNowMoretoCome302992.shtml).
Softpedia.SoftNewsNETSRL.Retrieved29November2012.
24. ^Miller,Michael(September14,2011)."Build:MoreDetailsOnBuildingWindows8MetroApps"
(http://forwardthinking.pcmag.com/showreports/287736buildmoredetailsonbuildingwindows8metroapps).
PCMagazine.RetrievedFebruary10,2012.
25. ^Rosoff,Matt."Here'sEverythingYouWantedToKnowAboutMicrosoft'sUpcomingiPadKillers"
(http://articles.businessinsider.com/20120209/tech/31040510_1_stevensinofskypcsmicrosoftfirst).Business
Insider.RetrievedFebruary10,2012.
26. ^"BasicInformationaboutSamsungAppsStore"(http://www.facebook.com/SamsungApps/info).
content.samsung.com.Retrieved20130306.
27. ^AlanHartwell,Trust,companycultureandBYODsecurity(http://www.scmagazineuk.com/trustcompany
cultureandbyodsecurity/article/393267/).SCMagazineUK,2015120.RetrievedFebruary13,2015.
28. ^SubbuLyer,5thingsyounolongerneedtodoformobilesecurity
(http://www.networkworld.com/article/2451083/byod/5thingsyounolongerneedtodoformobile
security.html).NetworkWorld,201477.RetrievedFebruary13,2015.
29. ^SimonYates,ChriHazelton,EnterpriseITSpotlight:enterprisemobilitymanagement
(https://451research.com/enterpriseitspotlightenterprisemobilitymanagement).451research,2014912.
RetrievedFebruary13,2015.
30. ^Thesearethe25mostpopularmobileappsinAmerica(http://qz.com/253527/thesearethe25mostpopular
mobileappsinamerica/)RetrievedAugust22,2014.

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