ATENEO

DE
MANILA
LAW SCHOOL
LEGAL
TECHNIQUE & LOGIC
OUTLINE
1
ATTY. ALEXANDER
C. DY
SECTION1E, SECOND
SEMESTER, SY 2005-2006
15 NOVEMBER2005
I. I
NTRODUCTION
A. History of Logic
B. Civil Law vs. Common Law Tradition
C. The Role of Logic in Law
I I .
R EASONING
A. Basic Concepts
1 . W h a t i s L o g i c 2 . P r o p o s i t i o n s a n d S e n t e n c e s 3. Argu
ments, Premises and Conclusions4 . M o r e C o m p l e x A r g u m e n t
s5. Recognizing Arguments6. Deduction and Induction7 .
V a l i d i t y a n d T r u t h 8. Arguments and Explanations
B. Analyzing and Diagramming ArgumentsC . P r o b l e m S o l v i n
g
I I I .
L ANGUAGE
A. Uses of Language
1. Three Basic Functions of Language2. Discourse Serving Mul
tiple Functions3 . F o r m s o f D i s c o u r s e 4 . E m o t i v e W o r d
s 5. Kinds of Agreement and Disagreement6 . E m o t i v e l y N e u t r
al Language
1
The Outline presents the manner by which Legal Technique & Logic will be
taken up inclass. The Outline is taken mainly from Introduction to Logic by
Irving M. Copi and Carl Cohen.

B. Definition
1. Disputes, Verbal Disputes and Definitions2. Kinds of Definition an
d the Resolution of Disputes3. Denotation (Extension) and Connotati
on (Intension)4 . E x t e n s i o n , a n d D e n o t a t i v e D e f i n i t i o n s 5 . I n t e n s i
o n , a n d C o n n o t a t i v e D e f i n i t i o n 6. Rules for Definition by Genus an
d Difference
I V .
D
EDUCTIVE
R
EASONING
A. Categorical Propositions
1. Categorical Propositions and Classes2. Quality, Quantity an
d Distribution3. The Traditional Square of Opposition4. Furthe
r I m m e d i a t e I n f e r e n c e s 5 . E x i s t e n t i a l I m p o r t 6. Symbolism a
nd Diagrams for Categorical Propositions
B. Categorical Syllogisms
1. Standard-Form Categorical Syllogisms2. The Formal Nature
o f S y l l o g i s t i c A r g u m e n t 3. Venn Diagram: Technique for Testing Syl
logisms4 . S i x R u l e s o f C a t e g o r i c a l S y l l o g i s m s
C. Arguments in Ordinary Language
1. Reducing the Number of Terms in a Syllogistic Argument2. Transla
ting Categorical Propositions into Standard Form3 . U n i f o r m T r a n
slation4 . E n t h y m e m e s 5 .
S o r i t e s 6. Disjunctive
and Hypothetical Syllogisms7 . T h e D i l e m m a
2

D. Symbolic Logic
1 . T h e V a l u e o f S p e c i a l S y m b o l s 2. The Symbols for Conjunctio
n, Negation, and Disjunction3. Conditional Statements and Material I
mplication4 . A r g u m e n t F o r m s a n d A r g u m e n t s 5. Statement Forms,
Material Equivalence, Logical Equivalence6 . T h e P a r a d o x e s o f M a t
erial Implication7 . T h e T h r e e L a w s o f T h o u g h t
E. The Method of Deduction
1. Formal Proof of Validity2. The Rule of Replacement3 .
Proof of Invalidity4. Incons is tency
F. Quantification Theory
1 . S i n g u l a r P r o p o s i t i o n s 2 . Q u a n t i f i c a t i o n 3. Traditional S
ubject-Predicate Propositions4 . P r o v i n g V a l i d i t y 5 . P r o v i n g
I n v a l i d i t y 6. Asyllogistic Inference

V. I
NDUCTIVE
R
EASONING

1 .

A . I n d u c t i v e G e n e r a l i z a t i o n s (Induction by Simple
Enumeration)B . A n a l o g y a n d P r o b a b l e I n f e r e n c e
A n a l o g y 2. Appraising Analogical Arguments3. Refut
ation by Logical Analogy
C . C a u s a l i t y D. Probability
3