Information Search and

Analyzing Skills
(ISAS)
Cloud Computing
Architecture

Azka Taufiq (1310010313)

Fary Maliombo (1310010xxx)
Faculty
: Bayu Citra, S.T.
Engineering Center Building, 3rd floor, Faculty of Engineering
University of Indonesia, Depok 16424
August 28, 2014

Preface
Assalamualaikum wr.wb.

For all bless of God, this article can finish. This article made based on this
articles goal that increase the knowledge for reader. In here the article explain
about Parallel Computing Architecture.
Hope this article can give many benefit for reader. Because actually every
mistake is just human have and every truth just Allah that have. Really sorry for
every mistake in this article, hopefully will be better soon.
Wassalamualaikum wr.wb

Table of Contents
Preface

Table of Contents

ii

Table of Figures

iii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Writing Objective
1
1.3 Problem Domain 2
1.4 Writing Methodology
2
1.5 Writing Framework 2

CHAPTER II: BASIC THEORY

2.1 Definition of Cloud Computing 4
2.2 Overview of Cloud Computing 5

CHAPTER III: PROBLEM ANALYSIS

3. Cloud Computing Architecture
7
3.1 Cloud Clients Platform 7
3.2 Cloud Storage
7
3.3 Cloud

CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION DAN SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusion
14
4.2 Suggestion
14
BIBLIOGRAPHY 15

ii

14

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
The use of technology on the internet has increased. Everyone must have
enjoyed the services of the internet. The development of computer technology
with the internet now is more directed at the implementation of the system is easy
and does not require time and effort. Information technology system is now much
limited by space, for the required servers for data storage and increased hardware
capability is very limited and very expensive cost to add a new device. Now,
comes the concept of information technology, called cloud computing. The term is
probably not much heard, because it is still new but its so incredible. Companies
in the IT field a lot that are heading there. Cloud computing is used because of the
emergence of limited resources causing delays some computational activity.
Cloud computing is expected to be the replacement of existing systems
and environmentally friendly. Cloud computing is developing internet network
technology to create a very large computer and save resources and hardware used.
The emergence of this new IT model can significantly reduce the costs and
complexity while improving workload optimization and service. Cloud computing
can be developed on a large scale provides the experience and get something new.

1.2 Writing Objective

The purpose of writing this article is providing information about the
cloud computing architecture technology and learning more about this new
technology systems. We expect this research will give readers better
understanding about the latest technology, because the discussion of this
technology is still very little to discuss the development.
1

1.3 Problem Domain

In this paper we will discuss about cloud computing architecture itself and
the advantages. The restrictions on the issue of the writing of this article
including:
1. Only discusses cloud computing architecture.
2. Provides an advantages and benefits of cloud computing architecture.

1.4 Writing Methodology

In the above discussion, the authors make literature study by collecting
literature in the form of e-books, articles, and encyclopedia. For the technical
writing of scientific works the authors use and refer to the guide the writing of the
Information Search and Analyzing Skillsthe official CCIT website.

1.5 Writing Framework

To facilitate the preparation of this report, the systematic is used as
follows:
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the background discussed in this
article, objective, problem domain, writing methodology, and
writing framework.
CHAPTER II BASIC THEORY
This chapter describes the definition, history of cloud computing
architecture and things related to cloud computing architecture using data derived
from the methodology writing.
CHAPTER III PROBLEM ANALYSIS
This chapter describes the overview & benefits, many systems of cloud
computing architecture and work system of cloud computing architecture itself.

CHAPTER IV SUMMARY
This chapter loads the contents of the overall conclusions of the previous
chapters and the advices of the results obtained and expected to be useful in the
future development.

CHAPTER II
BASIC THEORY

2.1 Definition of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.

2.2 Overview of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence
and economies of scale, similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a
network. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept
of converged infrastructure and shared services.
Cloud computing, or in simpler shorthand just "the cloud", also focuses on
maximizing the effectiveness of the shared resources. Cloud resources are usually
not only shared by multiple users but are also dynamically reallocated per
demand. This can work for allocating resources to users. For example, a cloud
computer facility that serves European users during European business hours with
a specific application (e.g., email) may reallocate the same resources to serve
North American users during North America's business hours with a different
application (e.g., a web server). This approach should maximize the use of
computing power thus reducing environmental damage as well since less power,
air conditioning, rack space, etc. are required for a variety of functions. With
cloud computing, multiple users can access a single server to retrieve and update
their data without purchasing licenses for different applications.

2.3 History of Cloud Computing

The idea of an "intergalactic computer network" was introduced in
the sixties by J.C.R. Licklider, who was responsible for enabling the development
of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) in 1969. His vision
was for everyone on the globe to be interconnected and accessing programs and
data at any site, from anywhere, explained Margaret Lewis, product marketing
director at AMD. "It is a vision that sounds a lot like what we are calling cloud
computing." Other experts attribute the cloud concept to computer scientist John
McCarthy who proposed the idea of computation being delivered as a public
utility, similar to the service bureaus which date back to the sixties.
Since the sixties, cloud computing has developed along a number of lines,
with Web 2.0 being the most recent evolution. However, since the internet only
started to offer significant bandwidth in the nineties, cloud computing for the
masses has been something of a late developer. One of the first milestones
in cloud computing history was the arrival of Salesforce.com in 1999, which
pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website.
The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream software
firms to deliver applications over the internet. The next development was Amazon
Web Services in 2002, which provided a suite of cloud-based services including
storage, computation and even human intelligence through the Amazon
Mechanical Turk.
Then in 2006, Amazon launched its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a
commercial web service that allows small companies and individuals to rent
computers on which to run their own computer applications. "Amazon EC2/S3
was the first widely accessible cloud computing infrastructure service," said
Jeremy Allaire, CEO of Brightcove, which provides its SaaS online video
platform to UK TV stations and newspapers. Another big milestone came in 2009,
as Web 2.0 hit its stride, and Google and others started to offer browser-based

enterprise applications, though services such as Google Apps. "The most

important contribution to cloud computing has been the emergence of "killer
apps" from

leading technology giants such as Microsoft and Google. When these

companies deliver services in a way that is reliable and easy to consume, the
knock-on effect to the industry as a whole is a wider general acceptance of online
services," said Dan Germain, chief technology officer at IT service
provider Cobweb Solutions. Other key factors that have enabled cloud computing
to evolve include the maturing of virtualization technology, the development of
universal high-speed bandwidth, and universal software interoperability standards,
said UK cloud computing pioneer Jamie Turner. Turner added, "As cloud
computing extends its reach beyond a handful of early-adopter Google Docs
users, we can only begin to imagine its scope and reach. Pretty much anything can
be delivered from the cloud.

Following the cloud

"Many IT professionals recognize the benefits cloud computing offers in
terms of increased storage, flexibility and cost reduction," said Songnian Zhou,
chief executive officer of Platform Computing. But he added that IT directors still
have concerns about the security of their corporate data in the cloud. This means
that it will be 2010 at the earliest before cloud adoption sees increased growth.
Julian Friedman, a specialist in emerging technologies, said that security and other
concerns will soon be resolved. "Considerations such as security, data privacy,
network performance and economics are likely to lead to a mix of cloud
computing centres both within the company firewall and outside of it." He added
that today's applications will naturally move towards a cloud model as they
become more pervasively available through the web, require more data
processing, and span the boundaries of multiple devices.
Experts seem to agree that cloud computing will ultimately transform
today's computing landscape. Andreas Asander, vice-principal of product
management at virtualization security specialist Clavister, said that once the
security issues are resolved, cloud computing services "can enable an enterprise to
expand its infrastructure, add capacity on demand, or outsource the whole
infrastructure, resulting in greater flexibility, a wider choice of computing
resources and significant cost savings." It is clear that cloud computing can bring
enormous benefits for IT users. However, the bottom line for IT directors is that
they will need to continue to manage their internal computing environments,
whilst learning how to secure, manage and monitor the growing range of external
resources residing in the cloud.

CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS

3. Cloud Computing Architecture

3.1 Cloud Clients Platform
A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or software that relies
on cloud computing for application delivery, or that is specifically designed for
delivery of cloud services and that, in either case, is essentially useless without it.
Examples include some computers, phones and other devices, operating
systems and browsers. The example of cloud platform is Cloud Foundation, Cloud
Infrastructure Services, Cloud Application Services.

3.2 Cloud Storage

Cloud computing is believed to have been invented by Joseph Carl
Robnett Licklider in the 1960s with his work on ARPANET to connect people and
data from anywhere at any time. However, Kurt Vonnegut refers to a cloud "that
does all the heavy thinking for everybody" in his book Sirens of Titan (1959). In
1994, AT&T launched PersonaLink Services, an online platform for personal and
business communication and entrepreneurship. The storage was one of the first to
be all web-based, and referenced in their commercials as, "you can think of our
electronic meeting place as the cloud." Amazon Web Services introduced their
cloud storage service AWS S3 in 2006, and has gained widespread recognition
and adoption as the storage supplier to popular services like Smugmug, Dropbox,
and Pinterest.

Cloud storage is a model of data storage where the digital data is stored in
logical pools, the physical storage spans multiple servers (and often locations),
and

the

physical

environment

is

typically

owned

and

managed

by

a hosting company. These cloud storage providers are responsible for keeping the
data available and accessible, and the physical environment protected and
running. People and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the
providers to store end user, organization, or application data.
Cloud storage services may be accessed through a co-located cloud
compute service, a web service application programming interface (API) or by
applications that utilize the API, such as cloud desktop storage, a cloud storage
gateway or Web-based content management systems.
Cloud storage is based on highly virtualized infrastructure and is like
broader cloud computing in terms of accessible interfaces, near-instant elasticity
and scalability, multi-tenancy, and metered resources. Cloud storage services can
be utilized from an off-premises service (Amazon S3) or deployed on-premises
(ViON Capacity Services).
Cloud storage typically refers to a hosted object storage service, but the
term has broadened to include other types of data storage that are now available as
a service, like block storage.

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3.3 Cloud Based Delivery

3.3.1 Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software as a service is a software licensing and delivery model in which
software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted. It is sometimes
referred to as "on-demand software". SaaS is typically accessed by users using
a thin client via a web browser. SaaS has become a common delivery model for
many business applications, including office & messaging software, DBMS
software,

management

software, gamification,
relationship

software,

CAD

software,

development

virtualization, accounting, collaboration, customer

management (CRM), management

information

systems (MIS), enterprise resource planning (ERP), invoicing, human resource

management (HRM), content management (CM) and service desk management.
SaaS has been incorporated into the strategy of all leading enterprise software
companies. One of the biggest selling points for these companies is the potential
to reduce IT support costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance and
support to the SaaS provider.
The term "software as a service" (SaaS) is considered to be part of the
nomenclature

of cloud

computing,

along

with infrastructure

as

service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS),desktop as a service (DaaS), backend

as a service (BaaS), and information technology management as a service
(ITMaaS).

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3.3.2 Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Platform as a service (PaaS) is a category of cloud computing services that
provides

a computing

platform and

a solution

stack as

service. Along

with software as a service (SaaS) and infrastructure as a service (IaaS), it is a

service model of cloud computing. In this model, the consumer creates an
application or service using tools and/or libraries from the provider. The consumer
also controls software deployment and configuration settings. The provider
provides the networks, servers, storage, and other services that are required to host
the consumer's application.
PaaS offerings facilitate the deployment of applications or services
without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware
and software and provisioning hosting capabilities. All "as-a-service" offerings
are characterized as providing low initial cost, incremental cost as your service
usage grows, self-service, best practices built-in, resource sharing, automated
deployment, management services, lifecycle management, reuse. PaaS provides
these capabilities for application and service development.
PaaS offerings may also include facilities for application design,
application development, testing, and deployment as well as services such as team
collaboration, web service integration, and marshalling, database integration,
security, scalability, storage, persistence, state management, application
versioning, application instrumentation, and developer community facilitation.

12

3.3.3 Infrastructure as a Services (IaaS)

The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing,
storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the
consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include
operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the
underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage,
and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking
components (e.g., host firewalls).
In the most basic cloud-service model & according to the IETF (Internet
Engineering Task Force), providers of IaaS offer computers physical or (more
often) virtual machines and other resources. (A hypervisor, such as Xen, Oracle
VirtualBox,KVM, VMware ESX/ESXi, or Hyper-V runs the virtual machines as
guests. Pools of hypervisors within the cloud operational support-system can
support large numbers of virtual machines and the ability to scale services up and
down according to customers' varying requirements.) IaaS clouds often offer
additional resources such as a virtual-machine disk image library, raw block
storage, and file or object storage, firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses, virtual
local area networks (VLANs), and software bundles. IaaS-cloud providers supply
these resources on-demand from their large pools installed in data centers.
For wide-area connectivity, customers can use either the Internet or carrier
clouds (dedicated virtual private networks).
To deploy their applications, cloud users install operating-system images
and their application software on the cloud infrastructure. In this model, the cloud
user patches and maintains the operating systems and the application software.
Cloud providers typically bill IaaS services on a utility computing basis: cost
reflects the amount of resources allocated and consumed.

CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY

4.1

Conclusion

Cloud Computing using a general concept of SaaS, or Software as a

Service, where users can directly use the supplied application without having to
think about the purchase of licenses in use. Users only need a client device
connected to the Internet to store data into the server Cloud Computing.
In Cloud Computing, a user does not need to install the software for each
computer, because the network internet that will replace all the software. In use,
what the user can see in a web browser is a web server. Web server running the
software to collect and present orders or instructions to the user.
Web service will provide a general mechanism for the delivery of services,
it is what makes the Service Oriented Architecture (SAO) can be applied. In SAO,
software resources will be in the pack as a self-service that provides basic
business functions and other functions.
Maturity web service allows the creation of robust services and can be
accessed on demand in a uniform way.

3.2

Suggestion

Cloud Computing is the easiest way for data storage, because the user can
access their data anywhere and anytime. But the drawback is very in need internet
connection to use cloud computing. If somewhere there is no internet connection,
the user will not be able to obtain data previously stored. Preferably, before using
Cloud Computing User's worth storing data on a hard drive also menceah
possibilities for cloud computing servers that were damaged or unavailability of
the internet connection.

13

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing_architecture[8/30/2014]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#History[8/31/2014]
http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/upload/NIST_SP-500-291_Version2_2013_June18_FINAL.pdf[9/1/2014]
P. Mell et al, NIST definition of cloud computing, vol. 15, October 2009.
[9/1/2014]
Welcome to the Data Cloud, Semantic Web blog, ZDnet,
http://blogs.zdnet.com/semanticweb/?p=205[9/2/2014]

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