Preguntas y Respuestas

1.
What is the color code for a 220
A.
Red, Red, Brown, Gold
B.
Orange, Orange, Black, Gold
C.
Red, Red, Black, Gold
D.
Red, Red, Brown, Silver
5% resistor?
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum

2.
If 60 J of energy are available for every 15 C of charge, what is the voltage?
A.
4V
B.
60 V
C.
15 V
D.
0.25 V

3.
An atom's atomic number is determined by the number of:
A.
neutrons minus protons
B.
protons
C.
electrons
D.
neutrons

4.
A voltage will influence current only if the circuit is:
A.
open
B.
insulated
C.
high resistance
D.
closed

5.
Which resistive component is designed to be temperature sensitive?
A.
Thermistor
B.
Rheostat
C.
Potentiometer
D.
Photoconductive cell
6.
The battery symbol is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
7.
What type of switch is this?
A.
push button
B.
SPST
C.
DPDT
D.
SPDT

8.
Primary batteries, unlike secondary batteries, may be:
A.
charged once
B.
used once
C.
recharged over and over
D.
stored indefinitely

9.
In practical applications, battery voltage:
A.
is restored as soon as disconnect occurs
B.
is lowered as the load increases
C.
may be stored indefinitely
D.
will be reduced to zero as power is drawn

10.
The negative and positive charge symbols are assigned (in that order) to the:
A.
proton and electron
B.
electron and proton
C.
atom and nucleus
D.
electron and element
[Q-1] What is holding current in SCR?

It is the minimum current required to hold the SCR in forward
conduction state.
When the forward current becomes less than holding current,

SCR turns from forward conduction state to forward blocking
state.
[Q-2] What is latching current in SCR?
It is the minimum current required to latch(turn on) the SCR
from forward blocking state to forward conduction state.
[Q-3] What are the different turn on methods of SCR?
Forward voltage triggering
Gate Triggering
dv/dt triggering
Temperature triggering
Light triggering
[Q-4] What is snubber circuit?
The snubber circuit is used for the dv/dt protection of the SCR.
It is a series combination of a resistor and a capacitor in
parallel with the SCR.
[Q-5] What is hard switching of the thyristor?
When gate current is several times higher than the required
gate current, the SCR is said to be hard fired. It reduces the
turn ON time and enhances the di/dt capability.
[Q-6] What is firing angle?
The angle between the zero crossing of the input voltage and
the instant the SCR is fired is called as delay angle or firing
angle.
[Q-7] What is meant by SOA?
SOA Safe Operating Area determines the voltage and
current boundary within which the Power Device can be
operated without destructive failure.
[Q-8] What are the main components used for isolating the
Power Circuits, Power Semiconductor from the low-power
circuit?
Opto-Couplers, Transformers
[Q-9] Name some of the current controlled (current driven)

devices
SCR, GTO, GTR
[Q-10] Name some of the voltage driven ( Voltage controlled)
devices
IGBT, MCT, IGCT, SIT
[Q-11] What is duty cycle?
It is the ratio of the ON time of the chopper to total time
period of the chopper.
D = Ton / [Ton + Toff]
[Q-12] Can fuses with an AC voltage rating be used in a DC
applications?
Fuses must be rated for the voltage AC or DC in which they
will be used.
Generally, fuses have a DC voltage rating that is half of the
maximum AC voltage rating.
[Q-13] What are the characteristics of ideal Opamp?
Infinite open loop voltage gain
Infinite input impedance
Zero output impedance
Infinite Bandwidth
Zero offset voltage
[Q-14] For High voltage applications will you prefer MOSFET or
IGBT?
For High voltage applications we have to use IGBT.
Because MOSFETs are low voltage devices. ie, Their

voltage rating is lesser than IGBT.
General rule is MOSFETs are suitable for applications

which has breakdown voltage less than 250V.
The IGBTs are suitable for applications which has

breakdown voltage upto 1000V.
[Q-15] For High frequency applications will you prefer MOSFET

or IGBT? Why?
For High frequency applications, MOSFET is the right

choice of the device.
Because MOSFET has low switching losses compare to

that of IGBT.
General rule of thumb is for low-frequency applications

having frequency range upto 20kHz, we have to use IGBT.
For high frequency applications having frequency range

of more than 200kHz, we have to use MOSFET.
[Q-2] Which is the good choice among the 2 options

mentioned below to get the 12V as an output? why?
Option I: Input voltage = 48V,
Option II: Input voltage = 24V
Answer: We know that
Duty cycle D = V / V
out
Input
For case I
D = 12/48 = 0.25
For case II
D = 12/24 = 0.5
So for case II, the duty cycle is more than case I.
It means device is turned ON more time in the second case.
while designing SMPS we have to consider the principle
mentioned in Q-3.
[Q-3] What is effect of having more duty cycle and less duty
cycle? ( continuation of above question)
If the duty cycle D is greater than 0.5, the core would not be
completely demagnetized at the end of the off-period, and a
DC magnetization of the core would build up, resulting in core
saturation.
Relate this answer the previous question.
[Q-4] To design the buck converter, what are basic & essential
information (parameters) we need to get from the Customer?
We need the following inputs from the customer,
Output Voltage V
Input Voltage V
OUT
IN
Output Current (load current) I
OUT
Maximum Ripple voltage allowed at the output side

Efficiency of the converter
[Q-5] How to select the inductor for the buck converter?
Once the topology is finalized in the process of power supply
design, the next step is selecting the Inductor.
We know the following basic equation
Voltage across Inductor V = L di/dt
L
Rewriting the above equation as follows

L = V .dt/di
L
V = Maximum voltage appears across the Inductor

L
dt= The time during which the maximum voltage appears

across the inductor
di = Ripple current
V The maximum voltage appears across the inductor when
L
the power switch is turned on. During that time the voltage
will be
V =V
L
OUT
IN
dt = The time during which the maximum voltage appears

across the inductor
= D/F
= Duty cycle/Switching frequency

di = Ripple current
= Generally it is assumed in between 10% to 30% of the load
current
By knowing all these values we can get the required inductor

value for the buck converter.
[Q-6] What are the various parameters we have to consider,
while selecting IGBT?
In IGBT datasheet, we have to focus on following parameters
Collector to emitter voltage V
Collector Current I
CES
Collector Dissipation P
Junction Temperature T
[Q-6] For Selecting MOSFET, what are the major parameters

we have to consider in the datasheet?
In MOSFET datasheet, we have to focus on following
parameters:
Drain to Source Voltage V
DSS
On state Drain to Source Resistance R

Reverse Recovery Current I
RR
Reverse Recovery Charge Q

Gate Charge Q
DS(ON)
RR
Body Diode Characteristics

I at ambient temperature
D
Channel power dissipation

Channel temperature
[Q] What are the advantages of free wheeling diode in
rectifier
circuit?
The input power factor is improved. It prevents the output

voltage from becoming negative. Load current waveform is
improved.
[Q]
What
is
meant
by
commutation?
The process of changing the direction of current flow in a

particular path of the circuit. It is used to turn off the SCR.
[Q]
What
are
the
types
of
commutation?
Natural
commutation
Forced
commutation
[Q]
What
is
natural
commutation?
The process of the current flowing through the thyristor goes

through a natural zero and enable the thyristor to turn off is
called as natural commutation.
[Q]
What
is
forced
commutation?
The process of the current flowing through the thyristor is

forced to become zero by external circuitry is called as forced
commutation.
[Q] What are the types of commutation with respect to
commutation
process?
Voltage
commutated
chopper
Current
commutated
chopper
Load commutated chopper

[Q]
What
is
meant
by
cyclo-converter?
It is also known as frequency changer. It converts input power

at one frequency to output power at another frequency with
one stage conversion.
[Q]
What
are
the
Step
types
of
up
cyclo-converters?
cyclo-converter
Step down cyclo-converter.

[Q] What
is
step
down
cyclo-converter?
It is the converter whose output frequency is less than the

input frequency.
[Q]
What
is
step
up
cyclo-converter
It is the converter whose output frequency is more than the

input frequency.
[Q] What does the Voltmeter in AC mode show? Is it RMS
value
or
peak
value?
Multimeter in AC mode shows RMS value of the voltage or

current. Also when it is DC mode it will show the RMS value
only.
[Q] What is the necessity to use the special machines?
General purpose motors (Induction motors, synchronous
motors) are neither precision speed nor precision position
motors. For many automated systems require high precise
speed and high precise positioning motors. In such cases
special purpose motors like stepper motors, PMDC motors etc.
are used.
[Q] What are the control strategies of chopper?
The control strategies of chopper are
1. Pulse width modulation PWM (Variable TON, Constant
frequency)
2. Frequency modulation (Constant TON or TOFF, Variable
frequency)
3. Current Limit Control (CLC)
[Q] What is delay angle or what is firing angle of phase
controlled rectifier?
The delay angle is the angle at which thyristors are triggered
after zero crossing. After zero crossing of supply voltage, one
pair of thyristors is
forward biased. After delay angle() these SCRs are triggered.
[Q] What is Universal Motor?
It is defined as a motor which can be operated either on DC or
single-phase AC supply at approximately the same speed and
output.
The universal motor is built exactly like a series DC motor. But
a series DC motor cannot be run as a universal motor, even
though both motors look the same internally and externally.
We cannot use these motors in the industrial applications due
to the low efficiency (25% -35%). It has high starting torque
and a variable speed characteristic. It runs at dangerously

high-speed on no load.
[Q] Give some examples of power electronics applications in
the day-to-day life?
We can list a huge number of power electronics applications.
Few of the applications which we can see in our daily life are
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
SMPS Switch Mode Power Supply
Speed Control of Motors
ICU
[Q] What is meant by PMDC?
PMDC stands for Permanent Magnet DC Motor
A Permanent Magnet DC Motor is similar to an ordinary dc
shunt motor except that its field is provided by permanent
magnets instead of salient-pole wound field structure.
There are three types of permanent magnets used for such
motors namely;
(i) Alnico Magnets
(ii) Ceramic magnets
(iii) Rare-earth magnets
The major advantages are low noise, small size, highefficiency, low manufacturing cost.
11.
A voltmeter is used:
A.
to measure current
B.
in series with the circuit
C.
in parallel with the circuit
D.
to measure coulombs

12.
If the current in a circuit equals 0 A, it is likely that the
A.
voltage is too high
B.
resistance is too low
C.
circuit has a short
D.
circuit is open

13.
Current equals:
A.
B.
coulombs time
C.
D.
voltage time

14.
What are the unit and symbol for current?
A.
Ampere, A
B.
Coulomb, I
C.
Ampere, Q
D.
Ampere, I

15.
Which part of an atom has no electrical charge?
A.
Electron
B.
Neutron
C.
Proton
D.
All of the above
16.
Which voltage source converts chemical energy to electrical energy?
A.
Electrical generator
B.
Battery
C.
Solar cell
D.
Electronic power supply

17.
An example of potential energy is:
A.
tea-kettle steam
B.
a moving vehicle
C.
the sun
D.
a battery

18.
If 40 C of charge flow past a point in 20 s, what is the current?
A.
2A
B.
0.5 A
C.
20 A
D.
40 A

19.
Batteries differ from fuel cells in that
A.
a battery is a closed system
B.
a battery uses hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity
C.
a battery uses a polymer electrolyte membrane
D.
none of the above

20.
The removal of a non-neutral subatomic particle converts the atom into a:
A.
charged ion
B.
nucleus
C.
heavier element
D.
compound
21.
One coulomb passing a point in one second is one:
A.
ampere
B.
volt
C.
ohm
D.
charge

22.
In which states may matter may be found?
A.
solid, liquid, or mineral
B.
solid, gas, or liquid
C.
mineral, gas, or liquid
D.
plastic, solid, or gas

23.
Material that consists of a mixture of elements is considered to be:
A.
an element
B.
an ion
C.
a compound
D.
a molecule

24.
How many valence shell electrons are there in semiconductor atoms?
A.
16
B.
C.
D.

25.
When considering conventional current versus electron current flow:
A.
electron current flow came first
B.
protons move in conventional current flow
C.
conventional current flow came first
D.
the direction of current is the same in both methods
26.
Which unit of charge contains 6.25 1018 electrons?
A.
An ampere
B.
A coulomb
C.
A volt
D.
A joule

27.
A switch is a device that:
A.
short circuits complex circuits
B.
holds a fuse
C.
has double poles
D.
opens or completes a current path
28.
The term used to designate electrical pressure is:
A.
voltage
B.
current
C.
resistance
D.
conductance

29.
Which electronics material opposes the movement of free electrons?
A.
Conductor
B.
Insulator
C.
Semiconductor
D.
Element

30.
Current is considered as the movement of:
A.
electrons
B.
protons
C.
charge
D.
nuclei
31.
A lead-acid battery is an example of a
A.
solar cell
B.
fuel cell
C.
primary battery
D.
secondary battery

32.
The charge of one coulomb is equal to:
A.
6.24 x 1018 electrons
B.
one ampere
C.
one second
D.
6.24 x 1018 electrons

33.
A basic electric circuit is made up of what components?
A.
A load, a resistor, and a conductive path for current
B.
A voltage source, a load, and a conductive path for current
C.
A voltage source, a conductive path for current, and a battery
D.
A conductive path for current, a battery, and a copper wire

34.
An ammeter is used to measure
A.
voltage
B.
current
C.
resistance
D.
All of the above

35.
What is the name of the pressure that moves electrons in a closed circuit?
A.
amperes
B.
ohms
C.
voltage
D.
coulombs
36.
What is a characteristic of a secondary cell?
A.
rechargeability
B.
not rechargeable
C.
a dry cell
D.
non-liquid

37.
What are the basic building blocks that all matter is composed of?
A.
electrons, neutrons, and protons
B.
two protons for each neutron
C.
two protons for each electron
D.
electrons, neutrons, and charged ions

38.
If a fluid system is compared to an electrical system, the fluid pump will correspond to a:
A.
conductor
B.
lamp
C.
battery
D.
insulator

39.
An element is a substance that is:
A.
varied throughout the entire piece
B.
used only in electronics
C.
electrically charged
D.
found only in its pure form

40.
Current is:
A.
the presence of a positive charge
B.
the abundance of electrons
C.
the movement of electrons
D.
the repulsion of electrons
41.
What do you call a diagram that shows the electrical connections of a circuit's
components?
A.
A schematic diagram
B.
A pictorial diagram
C.
A block diagram
D.
An electrical diagram

42.
A short circuit will have:
A.
a small current flow
B.
a large current flow
C.
no current flow
D.
some current flow

43.
The basic difference between a fuse and a circuit breaker is
A.
a fuse is slower
B.
a fuse is reusable
C.
a circuit breaker is reusable
D.
a circuit breaker is more reliable

44.
Which is the smallest?
A.
atom
B.
proton
C.
neutron
D.
electron
45.
A secondary cell generates dc via chemical activity; a primary cell generates dc:
A.
electrically
B.
thermally
C.
optically
D.
chemically
46.
Which of the following statements is true?
A.
Unlike charges repel and like charges attract.
B.
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
C.
Unlike charges attract and like charges attract.
D.
Like charges repel and unlike charges repel.

47.
If an electrical system is compared to a fluid system, the electrical current corresponds
to the:
A.
pressure
B.
pump
C.
water wheel
D.
water flow
In the below figure the average load current is 15 A. The rms value of transformer
secondary current is
[A].
15 A
[B].
10.61 A
[C].
7.5 A
[D].
14.14 A
1.
A cycloconverter can be
A.
step down
B.
step up
C.
step down or step up
D.
none of the above

2.
In the below figure the average load current is 15 A. The rms value of transformer
secondary current is
A.
15 A
B.
10.61 A
C.
7.5 A
D.
14.14 A

3.
In a 3 phase fully controlled converter the firing frequency is
A.
3 times the line frequency
B.
C.
D.

4.
Two thyristor of same rating and same specifications
A.
will have equal turn on and turn off periods
B.
will have equal turn on but unequal turn off periods
C.
may have equal or unequal turn on and turn off periods
D.
will have unequal turn on and turn off periods

5.
The amount of dielectric heating is inversely proportional to frequency.
A.
True
B.
False
6.
A semiconverter feeding an RLE load operates in
A.
first quadrant only
B.
first and second quadrants
C.
first and fourth quadrants
D.
first and third quadrants

7.
The phenomenon of overlap in converter operation due to
A.
source resistance
B.
source inductance
C.
both source resistance and source inductance
D.
high value of firing angle

8.
A thyristor has a maximum allowable junction temperature of 120C and the ambient
temperature is 40C. If thermal resistance is 1.6 C/W, the maximum allowable internal
power dissipation is
A.
20 W
B.
50 W
C.
92 W
D.
128 W

9.
For a 12 pulse operation, the two 6 pulse units are fed by
A.
Y - Y and Y - Y transformers
B.
- and - transformers
C.
Y - Y and Y - transformers
D.
Y - and Y - transformers

10.
In a single phase full wave converter (M - 2 connection) feeding a highly inductive load,
the firing angle for each thyristor is a in the respective half cycle. The period of
conduction of each thyristor is
A.
B.
C.
D.
- 2
11.
An SCR is triggered at 40 in the positive half cycle only. The average anode current is
50 A. If the firing angle is changed to 80, the average anode current is likely to be
A.
50 A
B.
25 A
C.
less than 50 A but more than 25 A
D.
less than 25 A

12.
The characteristics of a non-linear resistance is i = kv4. If i becomes 100
times, v becomes
A.
about 100 times
B.
about 10 times
C.
about 3 times
D.
about twice

13.
In a step down chopper using pulse width modulation, Ton = 3 x 10-3 and Toff = 1 x 10-3s.
The chopping frequency is
A.
333.33
B.
250
C.
500
D.
1000

14.
Thyristors are suitable for dc circuit breakers but not for ac circuit breakers.
A.
True
B.
False

15.
Assertion (A): Inverters and choppers use fast switching thyristors
Reason (R): Fast switching SCR has low turn off time.
A.
Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A
B.
Both A and R correct but R is not correct explanation of A
C.
A is correct but R is wrong
D.
A is wrong but R is correct
16.
The value of capacitor C for dynamic equalising circuit of series connected thyristors is
determined by
A.
forward characteristics of thyristors
B.
reverse recovery characteristics of thyristors
C.
both forward and reverse recovery characteristics of thyristors
D.
none of the above

17.
A chopper
A.
converts constant voltage dc into ac and then into variable voltage dc
B.
converts constant voltage dc into variable voltage dc directly
C.
converts ac of one frequency into ac of another frequency
D.
converts ac to dc

18.
Assertion (A): If the duty cycle of chopper is low the current would not become
discontinuous
Reason (R): If the time constant L/R of the load in chopper is low the current may
become discontinuous.
A.
B.
C.
D.

19.
In a single phase full wave regulator, the firing angles in the positive and negative half
cycles are generally
A.
equal
B.
different
C.
equal or different
D.
different but sometimes equal

20.
An electric heater is controlled by thyristors through on-off control. If
= 0.4, the
heating is
A.
16% maximum
B.
40% of maximum
C.
60% of maximum
D.
84% of maximum
21.
A two winding transformer is feeding a single phase half wave rectifier circuit. The load is
purely resistive. The rms value of transformer secondary current is I s and rms value of
load current in Irms. Then
A.
Is = Irms irrespective of the value of firing angle
B.
Is = 0.5 Irms irrespective of the value of firing angle
C.
Is = Irms if firing angle is less than 30
D.
Is = Irms if firing angle is more than 30
22.
The terminals of a power BJT are called
A.
emitter, base, collector
B.
emitter, base, drain
C.
source, base, drain
D.
source, base, collector

23.
In single phase half wave regulator, the average current over one full cycle
A.
is always positive
B.
may be positive or negative
C.
may be negative
D.
is always negative

24.
The dynamic equalising circuit consists of a series combination of capacitor C and
resistor RC across each thyristor. This resistance RC (along with parallel connected diode)
A.
limits charging current
B.
limits discharging current
C.
limits both charging and discharging currents
D.
none of the above

25.
A single phase semiconverter is feeding a highly inductive load and has freewheeling
diode across the load. The waveshapes of output voltage and output current
A.
are similar
B.
are not similar
C.
may be similar or dissimilar
D.
are similar only if firing angle is zero
26.
Current derating may be necessary when thyristors are operating in
A.
series
B.
parallel
C.
series or parallel
D.
none of the above

27.
If duty cycle is
A.
B.
C.
2V
and the load is a resistance R, the rms value of output voltage is
D.
28.
For a BJT
= 0.98, then =
A.
0.02
B.
0.5
C.
4.9
D.
48

29.
Assertion (A): Power transistor has lower switching time than SCR
Reason (R): Power transistor has greater switching time than SCR
A.
B.
C.
D.

30.
A 3 kV circuit uses SCR of 800 V rating. If derating is 25%, the number of SCRs in series
is
A.
B.
C.
D.
31.
In a circuit using a full wave converter (M - 2 connection) the PIV of each thyristor is 400
V. For the same output voltage and fully controlled bridge converter, PIV will be
A.
400 V
B.
800 V
C.
200 V
D.
2002 V

32.
A dc separately excited motor has constant field current. The armature is fed from a
single phase supply through a full converter. When = 0, speed is 500 rpm. If = 45,
the speed is likely to be
A.
about 350 rpm
B.
about 250 rpm
C.
about 175 rpm
D.
about 125 rpm
33.
In a multiphase chopper, all choppers operate together.
A.
True
B.
False

34.
The terminals of a power MOSFET are called
A.
emitter, base, collector
B.
source, gate, drain
C.
source, base, drain
D.
emitter, gate, drain

35.
Assertion (A): The surge current which an SCR can withstand is much higher than rms
on state current.
Reason (R): The duration of surge current is very small.
A.
B.
C.
D.
36.
A single phase half wave controlled rectifier circuit has a free wheeling diode. The load is
a combination of R and L. The firing angle is . The period of conduction of SCR and free
wheeling diode respectively are
A.
< t < and < t < (2 + )
B.
< t < and < t < 2
C.
< t < ( + ) and ( + ) < t < 2
D.
< t < and < t < (2 - )

37.
Assertion (A): A transistor requires a continuous base signal for conduction but a
thyristor requires a gate pulse.
Reason (R): Transistor find widespread application in power electronic circuits.
A.
B.
C.
D.

38.
In a thyristor the gate current is increased, then
A.
anode current will increase
B.
anode current will decrease
C.
anode current will remain constant
D.
anode current may increase or decrease

39.
Thyristors are not suitable for logic circuits.
A.
True
B.
False

40.
A single phase half wave rectifier is feeding a resistive load. Input voltage v = Vm sin t.
The output dc voltage is Vdc and output rms voltage is Vrms . If firing angle is 180, Vdcand
Vrms respectively are
A.
B.
0 and 0
C.
0 and - Vm
D.
41.
The number of leads in an SCR are :
A.
B.
C.
D.

42.
In a single phase full wave converter (M-2 connection) feeding on R - L load, the input
voltage is v = Vm sin t. The expression for dc output voltage is
A.
B.
C.
D.

43.
A thyristor has a turn on time of 6 s. If the anode circuit is inductive, the turn on time
will be
A.
6 s
B.
less than 6s
C.
more than 6 s
D.
either 6 s or less

44.
The total number of leads in reverse conducting thyristor is
A.
B.
C.
D.

45.
Assertion (A): A TRIAC is a bidirectional SCR.
Reason (R): A TRIAC is a four layers 3 terminal device and can conduct in both
directions.
A.
B.
C.
D.
46.
If Vdc1 is the dc output voltage in half wave controlled rectifier circuit feeding resistive
load and Vdc2 is the dc output voltage in full wave controlled rectifier circuit (M - 2
connection) feeding resistive load, then
A.
Vdc1 = 0.5 Vdc2 for all values of firing angle
B.
Vdc1 = Vdc2 for all values of firing angle
C.
Vdc1 0.5 Vdc2 for all values of firing angle
D.
Vdc1 0.5 Vdc2 for all values of firing angle

47.
A semi converter operates in two quadrants.
A.
True
B.
False
48.
Figure shows a chopper feeding RLE load, The free wheeling diode conducts when
A.
thyristor is on
B.
thyristor is off
C.
both when thyristor is on and thyristor is off
D.
partly when thyristor is off and partly when thyristor is on

49.
Assertion (A): An ideal rectifier should have unity harmonic factor
Reason (R): An ideal rectifier should have unity displacement factor.
A.
B.
C.
D.

50.
= 0, dc output
= 30, the dc output voltage will be about
A single phase half wave rectifier is feeding a resistive load. When

voltage is 127 V. When
A.
127 V
B.
120 V
C.
110 V
D.
100 V
1.
A dc circuit breaker must use
A.
natural commutation
B.
forced commutation
C.
both natural and forced commutation
D.
either natural or forced commutation

2.
In a single phase full wave regulator feeding R-L load, the minimum firing angle can be
zero.
A.
True
B.
False

3.
An RC snubber circuit is used to protect a thyristor against :
A.
false triggering
B.
failure to turn on
C.
switching transients
D.
failure to commutate

4.
A DIAC has two terminals, anode and cathode.
A.
True
B.
False

5.
A single phase semiconverter has a freewheeling diode. If the firing angle is
and the
load is purely resistive, the periods of conduction and freewheeling respectively are
A.
- and 0
B.
- and
C.
+ and 0
D.
+ and
6.
A dc separately excited motor has a constant field current. The armature is fed from a
single phase supply through a semi-converter. When = 0, speed is 600 rpm. If =
90, the speed is likely to be
A.
about 300 rpm
B.
about 150 rpm
C.
about 75 rpm
D.
about zero

7.
A static induction thyristor
A.
is a majority carrier device
B.
is a minority carrier device
C.
either a majority carrier or minority carrier device
D.
has a total number of 2 leads

8.
A single phase step up cycloconverter changes 50 Hz to 100 Hz. Then one half wave of
input will give rise to
A.
one half wave of output
B.
one full wave of output
C.
two full waves of output
D.
either (b) or (c)

9.
Which of these triggering methods for series connected SCRs use LASCR in the gate
circuit?
A.
Resistance triggering
B.
Simultaneous triggering
C.
Sequential triggering
D.
Optical triggering

10.
A 3 phase ac regulator uses
A.
3 thyristors
B.
15 thyristors
C.
9 thyristors
D.
12 thyristors
11.
The average load current supplied by a thyristor depends on
A.
firing angle
B.
firing frequency
C.
magnitude of gate current
D.
all of the above

12.
A dc chopper is feeding an RLE load. The maximum steady state ripple is
A.
B.
C.
D.
13.
In a 3 phase full wave regulator feeding a star connected resistance load the input
voltage is 400 V line to line. The firing angle is 160. The line to line output voltage
would be
A.
400 V
B.
about 100 V
C.
about 20 V
D.
zero

14.
A thyristor is reverse biased. A positive gate pulse is applied. The thyristor
A.
will be turned on
B.
may or may not turn on
C.
will not turn on
D.
will turn on after sometime

15.
A single phase series converter is used for
A.
high voltage output
B.
high current output
C.
high voltage and high current output
D.
improving the circuit efficiency
16.
A single phase half wave controlled rectifier circuit has an R-L load. A freewheeling diode
is also in the circuit. When freewheeling diode is conducting the SCR
A.
is forward biased
B.
is reverse biased
C.
may be forward biased or reverse biased
D.
forward biased initially but reverse biased afterwards

17.
An SBS can conduct is one direction only.
A.
True
B.
False

18.
A 750 A circuit uses thyristor of current rating 175 A. If derating is 25%, the number of
thyristors in parallel is
A.
B.
C.
D.
10

19.
Assertion (A): An inverter does not require forced commutation
Reason (R): A series inverter is a forced commutation inverter.
A.
B.
C.
D.

20.
In a single phase full wave converter (M - 2 connection), the rms transformer voltage is
300 V across each half of secondary. The PIV for each thyristor is
A.
300 V
B.
C.
6002 V
D.
21.
The number of doped regions in a SCR is
A.
B.
C.
D.
B.
False

22.
All inverters use forced commutation.
A.
True

23.
In 180 mode of operation of a 3 phase bridge inverter, two thyristors conduct at one
time.
A.
True
B.
False

24.
In a single phase full wave ac regulator the rms value of load current is 20 A load is
purely resistive. Then
A.
average thyristor current will be less than 20 A but rms thyristor current will be
more than 20 A
B.
both the average and rms thyristor currents will be less than 20 A
C.
both the average and rms thyristor currents will be more than 20 A
D.
rms thyristor current will be 20 A and average thyristor current will be 10 A

25.
A reactor is used in a dual converter operating in non-circulating current mode.
A.
True
B.
False
26.
Which of these commutation methods uses an auxiliary SCR?
A.
Class A
B.
Class B
C.
Class C
D.
Class D

27.
A thyristor needs protection against
A.
B.
C.
D.
high
high
both high
either high
and high
or high

28.
Two semiconverters are connected in series to form a single phase series converter. The
input v = Vm sin t and 1 = 2 are the firing angles of the two converters. If 1 = 2 =
0, the dc output voltage is
A.
B.
C.
D.
29.
In integral cycle control the period of on-off control should be more than mechanical time
constant of load.
A.
True
B.
False

30.
A single phase half wave converter is feeding a resistive load. Just before triggering, the
voltage across thyristor is
A.
zero
B.
about 1 V
C.
same as input voltage
D.
twice the input voltage
31.
In a 3 phase full wave regulator feeding resistance load connected in star, the possible
range of firing angle is
A.
180
B.
150
C.
120
D.
90

32.
Assertion (A): A dual converter may be circulating current type or non circulating
current type.
Reason (R): In circulating current dual converter only one converter can be operated at
one time.
A.
B.
C.
D.

33.
Current chopping leads to
A.
over voltage
B.
over current
C.
both over voltage and over current
D.
either over voltage or over current

34.
A 3 phase bridge inverter is fed by 400 V battery. The load is star connected and has a
resistance of 10 per phase. The peak value of load current is
A.
40 A
B.
20 A
C.
10 A
D.
5A
35.
In an SCR, the anode current is controlled by
A.
gate current only
B.
external circuit only
C.
both gate current and external circuit
D.
none of the above
36.
The rated current of a thyristor is 40 A. The holding current will be about :
A.
20 A
B.
1A
C.
100 mA
D.
10 mA

37.
A cycloconverter is
A.
ac-dc converter
B.
dc-ac converter
C.
dc-dc converter
D.
ac-ac converter

38.
The number of leads in a power semiconductor diode are
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 or 3

39.
If ton and toff are the turn on and turn off times of a thyristor, then
A.
ton and toff are almost equal
B.
ton >> toff
C.
toff >> ton
D.
ton is about twice toff

40.
Assertion (A): The gate current of an SCR is always in the form of pulses.
Reason (R): The gate losses, in pulse triggering, are low.
A.
B.
C.
D.
41.
UJT can be used for
A.
firing an SCR
B.
turning off an SCR
C.
both firing and turning off an SCR
D.
none of the above

42.
In a series inverter supplying a load resistance R, the commutating elements L and C
should be such that
A.
B.
C.
D.
43.
In a full wave converter (M - 2 connection) feeding an RLE load, the peak thyristor
current is 15 A. For fully controlled bridge circuit and same load current, the peak
thyristor current will be
A.
30 A
B.
152 A
C.
15 A
D.
44.
Induction heating systems require low frequency inverters.
A.
True
B.
False

45.
A single phase half wave controlled rectifier circuit is feeding on RL load. The circuit has
a freewheeling diode. The input voltage is v = Vm sin t. If I0 is the load current during
the conduction of freewheeling diode, the KVL equation during the conduction of free
wheeling diode is
A.
B.
C.
D.
46.
HVDC transmission systems generally use
A.
12 pulse converters
B.
6 pulse converters
C.
3 pulse converters
D.
either 12 or 6 pulse converters

47.
A single phase semiconverter is feeding a highly inductive load. The circuit has a
freewheeling diode across the load and firing angle is . During one cycle of input
voltage, the total duration of conduction of freewheeling diode is
A.
B.
C.
D.
0.5

48.
During forward blocking state of SCR, the voltage and current respectively are
A.
high and high
B.
low and low
C.
high and low
D.
low and high

49.
In a 3 phase full converter the average load current is 150 A. The average thyristor
current is
A.
150 A
B.
75A
C.
50 A
D.
25 A

50.
The two modes of operation of three phase bridge inverters are known as
A.
60 mode and 120 mode
B.
C.
D.
1.
In a dual converter both converters work as rectifiers.
A.
True
B.
False

2.
A single phase full wave regulator feeds R-L load. The best gating signal is
A.
short duration pulses
B.
long duration pulses
C.
pulse train
D.
either (a) or (b)

3.
A 3 phase induction motor is fed by a 3 phase ac regulator to change the stator voltage.
The variation in speed will be more if
A.
load torque is constant
B.
load torque increases with increase in speed
C.
load torque decreases with increase in speed
D.
either (a) or (b)

4.
A cycloconverter cannot give a frequency higher than input frequency.
A.
True
B.
False

5.
A thyristor has internal power dissipation of 40W and is operated at an ambient
temperature of 20C. If thermal resistance is 1.6 C/W, the junction temperature is
A.
114C
B.
164C
C.
94 C
D.
84 C
6.
In a single phase dual converter, 1, and
A.
1 - 2 =
B.
1 + 2 =
C.
1 - 2 =
D.
1 + 2 =
2 are firing angles of the two converters. Then

7.
The number of gates in an SCR is
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.
The waveshape of output voltage of half bridge inverter is
A.
sinusoidal
B.
square
C.
triangular
D.
either (a) or (b)

9.
A 3 phase induction motor is controlled by voltage and frequency control such that the
ratio V/f is constant. At 50 Hz, the speed is 1440 rpm. At 25 Hz, the speed is likely to be
A.
about 1350 rpm
B.
about 720 rpm
C.
about 360 rpm
D.
either (b) or (c)

10.
The gate current required to turn on an SCR is
A.
few amperes
B.
a few mA
C.
almost equal to anode current
D.
about 50% of anode current
11.
A single phase half wave converter is used to charge a battery of 50 V. The thyristor is
continuously fired by dc signal. Input voltage is v = Vm sin t. The thyristor will conduct
A.
from 0 to 180
B.
when v > 50 V
C.
from 0 to 90
D.
When v < 50 V

12.
The symbol in figure is for
A.
DIAC
B.
P-N junction diode
C.
Schottky diode
D.
None of the above

13.
In a 3 phase semiconverter, the firing frequency is
A.
equal to line frequency
B.
C.
D.

14.
Present day HVDC converters are all
A.
3 pulse converters
B.
6 pulse converters
C.
12 pulse converters
D.
either 6 pulse or 12 converters

15.
A single phase full converter gives maximum and minimum output voltage at firing
angles of
A.
0 and 180 respectively
B.
C.
D.
16.
A thyristor has its gate current zero. To start conduction the forward voltage must
exceed
A.
about 0.5 V
B.
forward breakover voltage
C.
on state voltage
D.
peak working off state forward voltage

17.
Assertion (A): Snubber circuit has an RC series circuit in parallel with SCR
Reason (R): Voltage across a capacitor can not change instantaneously.
A.
B.
C.
D.
18.
In dielectric heating, the thyristor circuits consist of
A.
rectifier-chopper combination
B.
controlled rectifier
C.
ac regulator
D.
rectifier-inverter combination

19.
On load tap changer using thyristors can have a maximum of two taps.
A.
True
B.
False

20.
Assertion (A): A cycloconverter may be line commutated or forced commutated
Reason (R): A step up cycloconverter requires forced commutation.
A.
B.
C.
D.
21.
In the below figure the rms voltage across each half of secondary is 200 V. The peak
inverse voltage across each of thyristor is
A.
200 V
B.
2(200) V
C.
2(400) V
D.
800 V

22.
Assertion (A): A GTO circuit is more compact than SCR circuit
Reason (R): A GTO can be turned off by negative gate pulse.
A.
B.
C.
D.

23.
In a single phase full wave ac regulator, the firing angles in the two half cycles
A.
are always equal
B.
are sometimes equal
C.
are never equal
D.
may be equal or unequal

24.
In a single phase full bridge converter (B - 2 connection), the input voltage is v = Vm sin
t. The output dc voltage for resistive load
A.
B.
C.
D.

25.
As regards single phase dual converter
A.
the change in operation from one quadrant to the other is faster in noncirculating current mode
B.
the change in operation from one quadrant to the other is faster in circulating
current mode
C.
the time response to change in operation from one quadrant to other is the
same in both the modes
D.
the time response to change in operation from one quadrant to the other may
be faster in any of the two modes
26.
To protect an SCR against high di/dt we connect
A.
a capacitance in series with SCR
B.
a capacitance in parallel with SCR
C.
an inductance in parallel with SCR
D.
an inductance in series with SCR

27.
In a parallel inverter
A.
the commutating capacitor C is across the primary of transformer and the load
is across the secondary
B.
the commutating capacitor and load are connected across the secondary of
transformer
C.
the commutating capacitor C and load are connected in series and the
combination is across the secondary of transformer
D.
none of the above

28.
A silicon controlled switch has :
A.
2 leads
B.
3 leads
C.
4 leads
D.
5 leads

29.
A dc chopper V = 500 V feeds an electric fraction dc series motor. The chopping
frequency is 400 Hz. The series inductance required to limit the maximum current swing
to 10 A is
A.
20 mH
B.
about 31 mH
C.
about 51 mH
D.
about 92 mH

30.
A single phase fully controlled bridge rectifier is fed by a source having inductance. The
output voltage during overlap period is
A.
Vm
B.
0.5 Vm
C.
zero
D.
0.5 Vm - voltage drop across inductance
31.
In a semi converter feeding a resistive load, the firing angle is
. Each thyristor conducts
for
A.
radians
B.
( -
C.
( +
D.
( - 0.5
) radians
) radians
) radians

32.
Between which points does UJT exhibit negative resistance characteristics
A.
between peak and valley points
B.
before peak point
C.
after peak point
D.
after valley point

33.
A thyristor has maximum allowable junction temperature of 110 C and the ambient
temperature is 40C, If the maximum internal power dissipation is 50 W, the thermal
resistance is
A.
2 C/W
B.
1.4 C/W
C.
0.7C/W
D.
2.2 C/W

34.
A single phase electric heater uses phase controlled thyristors. The firing angle is 90.
The degree of heating is
A.
25% of maximum
B.
50% of maximum
C.
75% of maximum
D.
none of the above

35.
Which of these commutation methods is used in AC-DC converters?
A.
Class A
B.
Class C
C.
Class D
D.
Class F
36.
When thyristors are connected in series and parallel, it may be necessary to have :
A.
current derating
B.
voltage derating
C.
both current and voltage derating
D.
none of the above

37.
A single phase half wave regulator uses
A.
2 diodes and 2 thyristors
B.
2 thyristors
C.
1 diode and 1 thyristor
D.
2 diodes

38.
A Shockley diode can be used
A.
in place of SCR
B.
as a trigger switch for SCR
C.
in place of UJT
D.
both in place of SCR and as a trigger switch for SCR

39.
An SCR has a turn on time of 4 s. The gate pulse should have a duration of about
A.
2 s
B.
5 s
C.
20 s
D.
50 s

40.
In a multiphase chopper, the different choppers operate in
A.
series and all simultaneously
B.
parallel and one at a time
C.
parallel and simultaneously
D.
either (b) or (c)
41.
In a 3 phase semiconverter, the dc output voltage for a certain firing angle is 50% of the
maximum possible value. The firing angle is
A.
30
B.
60
C.
90
D.
120

42.
A high frequency series inverter consists of
A.
a number of series inverters in series
B.
a number of series inverters in parallel
C.
a number of parallel inverters in parallel
D.
a number of parallel inverters in series

43.
In an SCR, the anode current consists of
A.
only holes
B.
only electrons
C.
both electrons and holes
D.
either electrons or holes

44.
In the below figure, the average value of load current is 15 A. The load is highly
inductive. The peak value of thyristor current is
A.
15 A
B.
152 A
C.
D.
30 A

45.
A 3 phase semiconverter when supplying a certain load has a rectification efficiency of
0.6 and transformer utilisation factor of 0.35. When a 3 phase full converter is supplying
the same load
A.
rectification efficiency will be more than 0.6 and TUF will be more than 0.35
B.
rectification efficiency will be more than 0.6 but TUF will be less than 0.35
C.
rectification efficiency will be less than 0.6 and TUF will be less than 0.35
D.
rectification efficiency will be less than 0.6 but TUF will be more than 0.35
46.
Assertion (A): A high dv/dt may cause triggering of a thyristor.
Reason (R): A high dv/dt results in charging current in the thyristor.
A.
B.
C.
D.

47.
Assertion (A): When an SCR is conducting, the voltage drop across is about 1 V.
Reason (R): When an SCR is conducting, the junction temperature is about 200C.
A.
B.
C.
D.

48.
When the core of a saturable reactor is saturated, the inductance is high.
A.
True
B.
False

49.
In controlled heating circuits, thyristors act as
A.
rectifier
B.
inverter
C.
ac regulator
D.
chopper

50.
In a fully controlled bridge converter feeding a resistive load the waveshapes of output
voltage and output current
A.
are always similar
B.
can never be similar
C.
may be similar or dissimilar
D.
are similar only if
=0
1.
A chopper cannot be line commutated.
A.
True

2.
Natural commutation can be used in :
A.
DC circuits only
B.
AC circuits only
B.
False
C.
both AC and DC circuits
D.
none of the above

3.
In a thyristor the gate lead is connected to the n layer near the p layer to which anode is
connected.
A.
True
B.
False

4.
A single phase half wave rectifier circuit has a free wheeling diode. The free wheeling
diode will conduct only if
A.
load is purely resistive
B.
load is purely inductive
C.
load is combination of R and L
D.
load is purely inductive or combination of R and L

5.
McMurray Bedford full bridge inverter uses
A.
natural commutation
B.
auxiliary commutation
C.
complementary commutation
D.
any of the above
6.
Which converter is used in HVDC transmission?
A.
3 pulse
B.
6 pulse
C.
12 pulse
D.
24 pulse

7.
Assertion (A): The turn on time of SCR is about 1 to 4 ms.
Reason (R): The turn off time of SCR is about 10 to 300 ms.
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.
An n pulse rectifier is fed by a source having an inductance L. If load current is I 0, the
voltage drop due to overlap is
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.
Which chopper circuit operates in all the 4 quadrants?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.
A single phase cycloconverter feeds a resistance heating load. The heating power is
provided by
A.
only the fundamental component of output wave
B.
only higher harmonics in the output wave
C.
both fundamental and higher harmonics in the output wave
D.
either (a) or (b)
11.
A 3 phase fully controlled bridge converter is fed by a 3 phase system having phase
voltage v = Vm sin t. The firing angle is . The dc output voltage is
A.
B.
C.
D.
12.
Which of these commutation methods uses an external pulse for commutation?
A.
Class A
B.
Class C
C.
Class E
D.
Class F

13.
In a single phase full wave regulator feeding an R-L load, the power factor angle of load
is . The range of control of firing angle is
A.
B.
C.
( - )
D.
( + )

14.
A separately excited dc motor is run from a dc source through a chopper. At 600 rpm and
rated torque, the duty cycle of chopper is 0.8. At 600 rpm and half the rated torque, the
duty cycle is likely to be
A.
0.9
B.
0.8
C.
0.75
D.
0.6

15.
A relaxation oscillator uses
A.
tunnel diode
B.
UJT
C.
both tunnel diode and UJT
D.
PIN diode
16.
In a 3 phase bridge inverter with 180 mode of operation the numbers of thyristors
conducting at one time are
A.
B.
C.
D.

17.
A single phase full converter can operate in
A.
4 quadrants
B.
3 quadrants
C.
2 quadrants
D.
1 quadrant

18.
In a 3 phase semiconverter, the freewheeling diode comes into operation only if firing
angle
A.
is zero
B.
is 60
C.
is more than 60
D.
is more than 90

19.
In the circuit of figure, the load current when thyristor is off
A.
is constant
B.
increases exponentially
C.
decreases exponentially
D.
zero

20.
A full bridge inverter is fed by a battery of 30 V. The rms value of output voltage is
A.
15 V
B.
152 V
C.
30 V
D.
302 V
21.
In brushless excitation system of modern alternators, the main exciter is
A.
dc generator
B.
ac generator
C.
either dc or ac generator
D.
induction generator

22.
The two-transistor model of a thyristor consists of two transistors :
A.
one n-p-n and other p-n-p
B.
both p-n-p
C.
both n-p-n
D.
one n-p-n and other UJT

23.
In a thyristor, the forward breakover voltage
A.
is constant
B.
may be constant or may depend on gate current
C.
decreases as gate current is increased
D.
increases as gate current is increased
24.
The gate lead, in a thyristor is welded to :
A.
p layer to which anode is connected
B.
n layer nearest to the anode terminal
C.
p layer nearest to the cathode terminal
D.
outside n layer

25.
In a 3 phase full converter, the firing angle is less than 60. The instantaneous output
voltage
A.
will have positive part only
B.
will have both positive and negative parts
C.
may have both positive and negative parts
D.
will have negative part if load is inductive
26.
In a stud mounted SCR, the stud is
A.
in thermal contact with heat sink
B.
insulated from heat sink
C.
in electrical and thermal contact with heat sink
D.
in either electrical or thermal contact with heat sink

27.
In pulse width modulation of chopper
A.
T is kept constant and Ton is varied
B.
Ton is kept constant T is varied
C.
both T and Ton are varied
D.
either T or Ton is varied

28.
In a full bridge inverter, the waveshape of load current depends on
A.
relative values of load parameters R, L and C
B.
relative values of load parameters R and L
C.
relative values of load parameters L and C
D.
gating frequency

29.
The characteristics of which device has peak point and valley point
A.
SCR
B.
PUT
C.
SCS
D.
Shockley diode

30.
In a step down chopper using time ratio control, the input voltage is V and duty cycle
is . The load is purely resistive having resistance R. The average and rms load currents
are
A.
B.
C.
D.
31.
In a thyristors are i = kva. The value of a is
A.
about 0.5
B.
about 2
C.
about 5
D.
about 20

32.
In an ordinary thyristor
A.
turn on and turn off times are equal
B.
turn on time is more than turn off time
C.
turn off time is more than turn on time
D.
turn on time may be equal, less than or more than turn off time

33.
Thyristors connected in series need :
A.
static equalizing circuit
B.
dynamic equalizing circuit
C.
both static and dynamic equalizing circuits
D.
none of the above

34.
The symbol in figure is for
A.
SUS
B.
SBS
C.
SCS
D.
None of the above

35.
If 4 quadrant operation is required we need
A.
dual converter
B.
full converter
C.
semi converter
D.
none of the above
36.
A single phase half wave converter is feeding a resistive load. Output dc power is P dc and
total power delivered to load is Pac then
A.
Pdc = Pac for all values of firing angles
B.
Pdc = Pac if firing angle is less than 180
C.
Pdc < Pac for all values of firing angles
D.
Pdc < Pac if firing angle is less than 180

37.
Which of the following devices exhibit negative resistance characteristics?
A.
UJT
B.
PUT
C.
Both UJT and PUT
D.
UJT, PUT and SBS

38.
In integral cycle control of ac regulators, the period of integral cycle control, i.e., (m + n)
T should be
A.
less than mechanical or thermal time constant of the system
B.
more than the mechanical or thermal time constant of the system
C.
more or less than the mechanical or thermal time constant
D.
very high

39.
All other parameters remaining the same, a 3 phase bridge inverter with 180 mode of
operation
A.
has the same peak thyristor current as in 120 mode of operation
B.
has higher peak thyristor current than in 120 mode of operation
C.
has lower peak thyristor current than in 120 mode of operation
D.
any of the above

40.
As compared to BJT, MOSFET has
A.
lower switching losses and higher conduction losses
B.
higher switching losses and higher conduction losses
C.
higher switching losses and lower conduction losses
D.
lower switching losses and lower conduction losses
41.
If a step down chopper is fed by a dc voltage V with Ton and Toff are on and off periods
then
is
A.
average output voltage
B.
rms output voltage
C.
average or rms output voltage depending on load
D.
neither of the above

42.
A voltage VBB is applied across the terminals of a UJT. The emitter voltage at peak point
is
A.
hVBB
B.
(h + 1) VBB
C.
hVBB + VD
D.
VD

43.
A single phase bridge type cycloconverter uses eight thyristors.
A.
True
B.
False

44.
In the circuit of figure, the waveshape of load current when thyristor conducting is
A.
constant
B.
increasing exponentially
C.
decreasing exponentially
D.
either (b) or (c)

45.
In the basic series inverter circuit, the source supplies load
A.
only in positive half cycle
B.
both in positive and negative half cycles
C.
only in part of positive half cycle
D.
in positive half cycle and part of negative half cycle
46.
A current source inverter has simple commutation circuit.
A.
True
B.
False

47.
In load commutated chopper, the commutating element
A.
is capacitor
B.
is capacitor and inductor
C.
is capacitor, inductor and auxiliary thyristor
D.
any of the above depending on load

48.
In a half bridge inverter each thyristor is gated at a frequency f. The output frequency is
A.
2f
B.
C.
0.5 f
D.
0.25 f

49.
Assertion (A): A transistor has lower voltage drop during conduction as compared to
thyristor
Reason (R): Transistors are manufactured in very high voltage and current ratings.
A.
B.
C.
D.

50.
Assertion (A): Typical value of thermal resistance from source to sink of an SCR is
about 0.3 C/W
Reason (R): Heat sinks of thyristors are generally made of aluminium.
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.
Multiphase choppers are used in
A.
low power circuits
B.
high power circuit
C.
both low and high power circuits
D.
medium power circuits

2.
In a single phase converter using a centre tapped transformer and with a highly
inductive load, the firing angles is . Each thyristor conducts for a period
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
In a parallel inverter
A.
each thyristor is turned on twice during each cycle
B.
each thyristor is turned on once during each cycle
C.
each thyristor is turned on either once or twice in each load cycle
D.
each thyristor may be turned on upto four times in each load cycle

4.
A step up chopper can give an output voltage
A.
higher than input voltage
B.
lower than input voltage
C.
both higher and lower input voltage
D.
all of the above

5.
The specified maximum junction temperature of thyristors is about
A.
50C
B.
80C
C.
120C
D.
200C
6.
A bridge type single phase cycloconverter changes the frequency f to f/3. Then one half
wave of output contains
A.
3 full waves of input
B.
3 half waves of input
C.
6 full waves of input
D.
6 half waves of input

7.
A half bridge inverter
A.
needs a 3 wire dc supply
B.
may use a two wire or 3 wire dc supply
C.
has higher output voltage if fed from 3 wire dc supply
D.
has higher efficiency if fed from 3 wire dc supply

8.
A 3 phase series inverter has
A.
12 thyristors
B.
6 thyristors
C.
3 thyristors
D.
3 or 6 thyristors

9.
In figure, thyristor Th is in off state. When thyristor is turned on, the peak thyristor
current can be
A.
5A
B.
10 A
C.
15 A
D.
20 A

10.
HVDC systems are preferable for only long distances.
A.
True
B.
False
11.
Surge current rating of an SCR is
A.
the maximum repetitive surge current in which the SCR can withstand
B.
the maximum non-repetitive surge current in which the SCR can withstand
C.
the maximum repetitive or non repetitive surge current in which the SCR can
withstand
D.
the maximum surge current in which the SCR can withstand if both surge
current and steady current exist together

12.
Which of the following devices has metal-silicon junction?
A.
General purpose power diode
B.
Schottky diode
C.
SCR
D.
MOSFET

13.
In a single phase full wave converter (M-2 connection) feeding on R-L load the input
voltage is v = Vm sin t. The expression for rms output voltage is
A.
B.
C.
D.

14.
A dc chopper is feeding an RLE load. The condition for maximum ripple is
A.
=1
B.
= 0.8
C.
= 0.5
D.
< 0.5

15.
In a series inverter
A.
the commutating elements L and C are in parallel
B.
the commutating elements L and C are in series with load
C.
the commutating L and C may be in series or parallel with the load
D.
none of the above
16.
When a power diode is conducting, the voltage drop across it is about
A.
IV
B.
5V
C.
20 V
D.
50 V

17.
In thermal ohm's law, temperature and power loss are analogous to
A.
V and I respectively of ohm's law
B.
I and V respectively of ohm's law
C.
R and V respectively of ohm's law
D.
I and R respectively of ohm's law
18.
A string of series connected thyristors needs equalising circuit to
A.
ensure proper firing
B.
ensure proper current division
C.
ensure proper voltage division
D.
none of the above

19.
A surge voltage
A.
has very high magnitude and very long duration
B.
has very high magnitude and very small duration
C.
has very high magnitude and very small duration and can be positive or
negative
D.
can be only positive

20.
The minimum gate current which can turn on SCR is called :
A.
trigger current
B.
holding current
C.
junction current
D.
breakover current
21.
The total number of leads in SUS, SBS and SCS respectively are
A.
3, 3, 4,
B.
3, 3, 3
C.
2, 3, 3
D.
3, 3, 5

22.
Which of these devices can conduct in both directions?
A.
SCR
B.
SUS
C.
SBS
D.
UJT

23.
Assertion (A): A half wave controlled rectifier has poorer efficiency and higher ripple
factor than a full wave controlled rectifier.
Reason (R): The use of a freewheeling diode in half wave controlled rectifier circuit
improves the waveform of load current and circuit power factor.
A.
B.
C.
D.

24.
A 3 phase dual converter consists of
A.
two 3 phase semiconverters connected in parallel
B.
two 3 phase semiconverters connected in antiparallel
C.
two 3 phase full converters connected in antiparallel
D.
two 3 phase full converters connected in parallel

25.
Which inverter circuit uses coupled inductors?
A.
Modified McMurray full bridge inverter
B.
McMurray Bedford half bridge inverter
C.
Modified McMurray Bedford half bridge inverter
D.
Both (b) and (c)

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1.

What is the color code for a 220

Red, Red, Brown, Gold

Orange, Orange, Black, Gold

Red, Red, Black, Gold

Red, Red, Brown, Silver

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neutrons minus protons

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recharged over and over

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is restored as soon as disconnect occurs

is lowered as the load increases

may be stored indefinitely

will be reduced to zero as power is drawn

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proton and electron

electron and proton

atom and nucleus

electron and element

[Q-1] What is holding current in SCR?

When the forward current becomes less than holding current,

[Q-9] Name some of the current controlled (current driven)

For High voltage applications we have to use IGBT.

Because MOSFETs are low voltage devices. ie, Their

General rule is MOSFETs are suitable for applications

The IGBTs are suitable for applications which has

[Q-15] For High frequency applications will you prefer MOSFET

For High frequency applications, MOSFET is the right

Because MOSFET has low switching losses compare to

General rule of thumb is for low-frequency applications

For high frequency applications having frequency range

[Q-2] Which is the good choice among the 2 options

Output Current (load current) I

Maximum Ripple voltage allowed at the output side

Rewriting the above equation as follows

V = Maximum voltage appears across the Inductor

dt= The time during which the maximum voltage appears

dt = The time during which the maximum voltage appears

= Duty cycle/Switching frequency

By knowing all these values we can get the required inductor

[Q-6] For Selecting MOSFET, what are the major parameters

On state Drain to Source Resistance R

Reverse Recovery Charge Q

Body Diode Characteristics

Channel power dissipation

The input power factor is improved. It prevents the output

The process of changing the direction of current flow in a

The process of the current flowing through the thyristor goes

The process of the current flowing through the thyristor is

Load commutated chopper

It is also known as frequency changer. It converts input power

Step down cyclo-converter.

It is the converter whose output frequency is less than the

It is the converter whose output frequency is more than the

Multimeter in AC mode shows RMS value of the voltage or

and a variable speed characteristic. It runs at dangerously

in series with the circuit

in parallel with the circuit

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voltage is too high