Glossary

This glossary is made up of two parts: a comprehensive Persian-English component and a less
comprehensive but substantial English-Persian section. The words in each part are arranged according
to the alphabets of the respective languages. The items in the Persian-English section include the
Persian word, the English equivalent or equivalents, transcription and, where appropriate, the
number of the lesson in which the item appears in the textbook for the first time. The suffixes,
infinitives, etc., that are used to form compound nouns are also provided.
The listing of the compound verbs is somewhat different from the usual. Unlike the common
practice, these verbs are not listed under the compounding noun. Instead, they appear as a group
under the appropriate formative auxiliary verb. There they are organized alphabetically, according to
the first letter of the compounding noun. Thus, rather than under 'telefon', the verb 'telefon
krdn' (to telephone) must be looked up under the auxiliary verb 'krdn'. Under that
auxiliary, this verb appears as a member of a long list of krdn verbs, all set off by indentation.
Furthermore, verbs that include compounding elements like 'br-', 'va-', etc., are conjugated for
the first three persons of their present tense.

Persian-English

mirror; looking glass, same as fi [a'ine(h)] 10

fi
[
a
rZa
wa
r

water; juice (fruit); liquid [ab] 3

habitable; inhabited; as suffix: habitation, e.g., a r [abad] 12

Abadan, city in SW Iran; flourishing; cultivated [abadan] 9
village, town or any other habitable settlement [abadi]
Aban, 8th month of the solar year. It has 30 days. [aban]

soft or hard boiled (egg); boiled in water [abpz] [

beer [abjo] 9
waterfall [abar]
broth; soup [abgut]
water and power (lit., water and electricity) [ab v brq]
climate (lit., water and air); weather [ab v hva] 15
blue (color), aquatic, watery [abi] 3
irrigation [abyari] 15
apartment [aparteman] 10
fire [at] 9
fire temple [atga(h)] 11
pl. of Z ; (literary) works; traces [asar] 15
brick [ajor] 11
made of bricks [ajori] 11
dried nuts; dried fruits [ajil] 14

[*
c
) + [*
n t [
Z t [

wc
rc

)s + * s
c

Bashiri

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last; final; the latter part of the day, month, etc.; at last [axr] 14

Za
eca
a person; human being; mankind [adm]
qa
hair dresser's salon; barber shop [arayega(h)] 11
)s + Zc* sZc
actor; actress; artist [artist]
c
desire; wish; aspiration; yearning; hope [arezu]
tdc
free; liberated; independent [azad]
aZd
liberty; freedom; independence [azadi]
waZd
easy; facile [asan] 12
r
elevator [asansor]
c
ease; facility [asani] 12

place for rest; rest house; sanatorium [asayegah]

)s + * s
sky; heaven; firmament [asman / aseman]
r
cook [apz] 7
) + f*
kitchen [apzxane(h)] 7
)fi + * fi
wastebasket; garbage can [aqaldan] 11
)rZa + p* rZ
friend; acquaintance; familiar [ana / aena] 10

beginning; outset; debut [aqaz] 11

d
sun; sunlight; sunshine [aftab] 9
[
sunny; fair [aftabi] 9

bravo; well-done [afrin] 12

gentleman; Mr.; Mister; sir [aqa]

gentlemen; on washroom doors, "Men" [aqayan] 7

r
advertisement; notice [aghi]

commercials (radio and television) [aghihaye tejarti]

c w
sour cherry [albalu]

album; collection [albom]

q
Germany [alman] 5
r
German language and people [almani] 5

prepared; ready; equipped; determined; alert [amade(h)] 14

sa
ambulance [ambulans] 11

to come; to arrive; to become; to match; to fit; coming [amdn (a)] 7 )* r

to blow (wind) [bad]
( a
to rain [baran] 8
( rZc
to boil (lit., to come to a boil) [beju] 14
( f
to dislike; to disapprove; to hate [bd]
(
to dislike a particular aspect or trait [z...bd]
( /// dZ
to be found; to be produced [bedst]
(
to be born [bedonia]
(
to come up; rise (the sun) [br] 13
(
to snow [brf] 8
( m
to come out [birun] 9
( rt
to feel sleepy [xab] 12
( [Z
to like something or someone (lit., to come pleasing to) [xo] 9 ( f
the last; last one; latest [axrin] 14
chewing gum [adams]
address (n.) [adres] 8

Main Text

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to like a particular aspect or trait [z...xo]

to remember (lit., to come to memory); to recall [yad] 10

traffic; coming and going [amd v rft] 9
to teach [amuxtn (amus) ] 13
teacher (elementary school); tutor [amuzgar] 2
to mix; to blend; to associate [amixtn (amiz)] 12
that; moment; instant; property
pl. of r; those; they [anan]
that place; there [anja]

[an]

1 & 11

that time; then [anvqt]

those people; they [anha] 4

voice; sound; song; melody; shout [avaz] 6

to bring; to fetch [avrdn (avr)] 8
to account; to recognize; to include [behesab]
to earn; to obtain; to achieve [bedst] 11

to versify; to compose poetry [bee'r dr]

to create; to bring into existence [bevojud]

to bring down [pa'in] 13

to return something [ps] 13
slow (walking, driving, etc.); low; soft (speaking) [aheste(h)] 14
iron (metal) [ahn]
blacksmith [ahngr] 11

deer; gazelle; stag [ahu]

question marker that appears sentence initially
coming; future [aynde(h)] 12

[aya]

mirror; looking glass, same as fi [ayene(h)] 10

beginning; start; outset; first; at first, same as YZZ [ebteda]

at the beginning; in the beginning [dr ebteda]
elementary; initial; primitive; preliminary; primary (school) [ebteda'i]
cloud; sponge [br] 11
eyebrow; the brace [bru]
cloudy; sponge-like [bri]
room; compartment; chamber, same as
iron (clothes), same as iZ [otu]

niZ [otaq] 10

bus; omnibus [otobus] 9

bus stop; bus station; bus terminal [istgahe otobus]
automobile; car [otomobil] 6
equipment; furniture [sasiyye(h)]
rent; payment; charter [ejare(h)] 1 1
a gathering; assembly; society; a crowd [ejtema'] 11
social; sociable; gregarious [ejtema'i]

( [
(
( ca
( a
(
(

( f /// dZ
( a
c t
) d*
cd
)*
r
r

dZt
)ct* ract

fi

s
fi

Z
ZZ
ZZ ca
ZZ
Z
tZ
wZ
nZ
Z
eZ
eZ sZ
Z
fiNZ
scZ
kZ
Z

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pl. of

a ; corpses; bodies [jsad] 11

aZ
qZZ
^Z
iZ
Z
pZZ
cZ
mZ
^ZZ
Z
Z

respect; honor; reverence [ehteram]

need; necessity; want; lack [ehtiaj] 7
caution; precaution; prudence; care [ehtiat]

10
Ahmad, first name (male); praiseworthy [hmd] 9
pl. of pZ ; conditions; circumstances; events; states [hval]
pl. of c ; news; information; stories; reports [xbar] 9
difference; dispute; discord; opposition [extelaf]
dismissal; expelling; banishment; exile [exraj] 12
recent; late; new; last [xir]
recently; lately; lastly [xirn]

12

office (building); management; administration; bureau;

department [edare(h)] 7
continuation; duration; perpetuity [edame(h)] 1 0

scZaZ
fiZaZ
[aZ
aZ
\NaZ
[cZ

politeness; courtesy; literature; culture [db]

literary; belletristic [dbi]
literature; letters; belles lettres [dbiyyat]
boss; master; lord; proprietor [rbab]

14

founder of the Sassanian dynasty; son of

Papak [rdeir (-e babkan)]
Urdu language; army camp [ordu]

)r* acZ
tacZ

Ordibehesht, 2nd month of the solar year;

it has 31 days [ordibehet]
cheap; inexpensive [rzan] 3
value; worth [rze]
Europe [orupa] 1 0

Urmia, lake in NW Iran [orumiye(h)]

saw (tool) [rre(h)]
from; than; since; out of; belonging to; among [z]
for this reason [zinru] 1 1
from...to [z...ta]
from; on the part of; on behalf of [z janebe]
including; comprising [z jomle(h)]
marriage; wedding; union [ezdevaj]
since (the time when) [zvqtike]
foundation; principle [sas]
horse; (in chess) the knight [sb]
Spain [espania]

12

Spanish language and people [espania'i]

Spanish language and people [espanioli]
professor; master; teacher; one skilled in a profession; expert [ostad]
professorship; mastery; experience [ostadi]
employment; hiring; placement [estexdam] 1 2
swimming pool; pond; one of the capitals of ancient Iran [estxr] 9
rest; tranquility; relaxation [esteraht]
Australia [ostoralia]

acZ
rZdcZ
fdcZ
tcZ
fitcZ
sNcZ
dZ
tZ dZ
/// dZ
dZ
fi dZ
^ZtadZ
fit dZ
eZ
Z
Z
Z
Z
aZ
waZ
qZZ
Z
ZZ
ZZ

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talent; gift; aptitude; susceptibility [este'dad]

11

resignation; abdication [este'fa'] 11

use; usage; application [este'mal]
making use of; taking advantage; profit; benefit; interest [estefade(h)]

11

soonest; as soon as possible [dr sr'e vqt]

spinach [esfenaj]
Esfand, 12th month of the solar year; it has 28 or 29 days [esfnd]

14

teacup; glass [estekan]

sooner [sr']

Iskandar, first name (male); Alexander [eskndr] 13

Alexander the Great of Macedonia [eskndre mqduni]
ski [eski]
Islam; the Muhammadan religion [eslam]
Islamic [eslami] 1 2

11

(in photography) slides [eslaid]

name; noun; title; nickname [esm] 2

registration; enrollment [esm nevisi]

11

Ashk, title of Parthian kings of Iran; tear drop [k]

Ashkanid, the Parthian dynasty [kanian]
pointing; sign; hint; reference [eare(h)] 14
a mistake; an error; oversight [eteba(h)]
stable; stall; mews [estbl] 11

term; terminology; idiom [estelah]

Isfahan, capital city of the Saljuq and Safavid dynasties [esfhan]
origin; genuine; foundation; basis [sl] Z
basically; fundamentally; in reality [dr sl]
at all (usually used with verb in the negative); essentially [sln]

basic; original; authentic; fundamental [sli]

pl. of Z ; essential parts; basics; fundamentals; principles [osul]
of noble birth; genuine; sincere [sil]
room; chamber; cabin, same as nZ [otaq] 10

6
12
11

reception room [otaqe pzira'i]

bedroom [otaqe xab]
dining room [otaqe qzaxori]

sitting room; living room [otaqe neimn]

pl. of m ; sides; suburbs; about [traf
pl. of p ; children; infants [tfal]

information; notice; news; communication [ettela']

pl. of [ ; Arabs ['rab]
majesty; his majesty ['lahzrt]
often; most [qlb]
to fall; to drop; to happen [oftadn (oft)] 1 3
to happen [ettefaq]
to move (about with excitement); to stir;
to get busy at [bejonbo ju] 1 4

11

)Z* raZ
( nNZ
( f t

aZZ
YZ
pZ
saZ
rZ
kZ
tI kZ ca
^Z
Z
cZ
t cZ
Z
qZ
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
scZ
sZ
Z
_Z
rZ
Z ca
Z
Z
pZ
Z
nZ
Z nZ
[Z nZ
wcZ nZ
nZ
mZZ
pZ
kNZ
[ZZ
\Z
Z

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to perish [br]

to start to go; to start on a journey [berah]

to start to work [bekar]
to start to think [befekr]

(
( sZ
( c
(
(

13

to be caught [gir] 1 3
increase; augmentation; growth [fzaye]

on the increase [ru befzaye]

to increase; to augment; to multiply [fzudn (fza)]
fiction; myth; legend [fsane(h)] 1 3

( Z tc

13

legendary; mythical [fsanei]

Afghanistan [fqanestan] 3

horizon; region [ofoq]

economy; economics; thrift; frugality [eqtesad] 12
pl. of q ; kinds; varieties; types; sorts [qsam] 1 1
at least [qlln]

13

minority; smaller group; opposition party [qliyyt]

ocean [oqiyanus]
most; greater; greatest;majority [ksr]
mostly; generally; often [ksrn]
majority; the greatest part; quorum [ksriyyt]
oxygen [oksien]
now; present time; at present [knun]
if; in case; same as cZ and [gr]
shortly; presently; right now [l'an]
donkey; jackass [olaq] 11

13
13

of course; surely; certainly; undoubtedly [lbtte(h)]

but of course [lbtte(h) ke] 10

Alborz, mountain range north of Tehran [lborz]

praise be to God [lhmdolela(h)]
electricity; electric [elekterik]
alcohol [lkol]
alcoholic; addicted to alcohol [lkoli]
hello! (telephone conversation) [lo]
God; Allah; divinity [llah]

but; however; yet [mma] 4

Imam; Muslim saint; a religious leader [emam]
deposit; honesty; trust; parcel [mant] 1 3

Muslim community; followers; sect [ommt]

test; examination; trial; experiment [emthan / emtehan]
final (end of year) examination [emthane nha'i]
entrance examination [emthane vorudi] 11
command; order; affair; matter; concern [mr]
today; this day [emruz] 7
in these days; nowadays [emruze(h)]
modern; up to date; au courant [emruzi]
America; the United States [emrika]

ZZ
)ZZ * ratZ
fiZ
wZ fiZ
rZ
Z
aZ
qZ
Z
NZ
eZ
Z
Z
Z
rZ
rZ
Z
rZ
lZ
fiNZ
fi fiN Z
dZ
FZ
Z
Z
Z
Z
FGZ
NZ
qZ
Z
NZ
rZ
rZ
watct rZ
Z
dtZ
sdtZ
wdtZ
Z

Main Text

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American

[emrika'i]
8
8

this year [emsal]

tonight [emb]
signature [emza']

signed by [beemzaye]
possibility; feasibility; likelihood [emkan]
possible; probable [emkan pzir]
impossible [emkan napzir]
spelling; dictation; orthography [emla']
omelet [omlet]
hope; expectation [omid]

11

it is hoped [omid st]

hopeful; expectant [omidvar] 1 1
hopefulness; expectancy [omidvar]

prince; commander; chief; emir [mir]

pomegranate [nar] 6
end; limit; conclusion; termination [entha']

conclusion; ending; fulfillment [njam] 11

society; association; meeting; council [njomn]
fig [njir]
to throw; to toss; to omit; to shoot [ndaxtn
to make laugh [bexnde(h)] 12
to overthrow [br]
to cause to weep [begerye(h)]
to imprison [tuye zendan]

(ndaz)] 1 4

12

size; measure; amount; measurement [ndaze(h)]

sufficiently [bendazeye kafi] 9

( s
(
( fi
( rZd w

the interior; the inside; inner court [ndrun] 1 1

energy [eneri] 1 1
atomic energy [eneriye tomi] 11
mankind; individual; a man; a human being [ensan]
composition [ena']
if God pleases; God willing [enallah] 8
revolution; insurgence; upheaval; riot [enqelab]

11

revolutionary [enqelabi]
denial; disavowal; disclaiming; renunciation [enkar]
finger [ngot]
a ring (wedding); signet [ngotr]
England [engelestan]

English [engelisi] 5
grapes [ngur]
motive; impetus; inspiration; incentive [ngize(h)]
pl. of k ; kinds; sorts; varieties; species [nva']
Anvari, Persian poet (1126-1189) [nvri]
Anushiravan (lit., of the immortal soul); Khosrow I [nuirvan]

12

Z
pZ
Z
YZ
w
rZ
rZ
rZ
YZ
Z
Z
Z Z
cZtZ
wcZtZ
Z
cZ
YZ
qZ
Z
Z
)dZZ* ZZ

sdZZ
sdZ
rtcZ
wZ
Z wZ
rZ
YZ
FZYZ
[Z
Z
cZ
Z
Z
rZ
Z
cZ
sZ
kZZ
wcZ
rZtZ

Bashiri

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he; she; same as wt [u]

pl. of ; about the end [vaxer]

pl. of t ; around the middle [vaset]
pl. of pNtZ ; in the early parts [vayel]
peak; height; zenith [owj]
the Avesta, the holy book of the Zoroastrians [vesta]

pl. of t ; conditions; circumstances; situations [owza'] 1 1

pl. of \t ; times; hours; days; humor; disposition [owqat] 1 1
first; initial; first-rate; outset; beginning [vvl] 9
the first; foremost; chief [vvlin] 10
pl. of Z ; citizens; inhabitants [hali]

from; native of; citizen of [hl(e)] 5

importance; significance; import [hmiyyt]
Ahwaz, city in western Iran [hvaz]

11

[hura mzda]
Oh!; interjection; indication of satisfaction [ey]
state; province [iyalt]
Italy [italiya] 3
Italian (language and people) [italiya'i] 5
ideal [ide'al]
Iran; Persia [iran] 3
Iranian; Persian [irani]
Ahura Mazda, the God of Zoroaster

Iraj, name of an ancient Iranian king; modern Iranian poet [irj]

to stand; to resist; to stop; to wait [istadn (ist)] 9
to remain waiting [montzer] 9
to wait for ... [montzere]
standing; in a standing posture [istade(h)]
station [istga(h)] 1 0
bus stop; bus depot [istgahe otobus]
they; a polite substitution fortZ [ian]
tribe; clan [il]

10

pl. of Z ; tribes; clans [ilat]

faith; belief; creed; credence [iman]
this; the latter [in] 1
this place; here [inja]
I; the undersigned; me [injaneb]
pl. of Z ; these [inha]

veranda; portico; porch; balcony [eyvan]

with; by means of; on (horseback) [ba]

valuable [barze] 11
just; fair; equitable [baensaf] 11

saZ
sZ
eZ sZ
rZ
Z
\Z
rZ
Z
Z
Z
Z
rZZ

important; significant; of importance [bahmiyyt]

(
( ///

tZ
ZtZ
ZtZ
ZtZ
^tZ
tZ
ktZ
\tZ
pNtZ
NtZ
Z
Z
NZ
dZZ
Za cZ
wZ
Z
Z
Z
p sZ
rZZ
ZZ
^Z
)Z* raZ

11

fdcZ
mZ
NZ

Main Text

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dad; daddy; father [baba]

the grandfather of Ardashir, founder of the Sassanian dynasty [babk]

of the house of Babak, see [babkan] 15
experienced [batjrobe(h)]
tribute; toll; tax; duty [baj] 1 4
ticket counter; booth; ticket office [baje(h)]

wearing a chador; covered; veiled [bahejab]

wise [baxerd] 1 1
wind; air; swelling; pride [bad] 14
eggplant ; same as ra
talented; gifted [bazowq]

11

[badenjan]

time (as in once, twice); load; burden [bar] 10

rain; rainstorm [baran] 8
Barbad, ancient Sassanian court musician [barbd]

time; on the subject of; regarding (usu. with ca ); concerning [bare(h)]

to rain; to pour; same as r rZc [baridn (bar)]
narrow; thin; delicate; slender [barik]
open; again; hawk [baz] 8
bazaar; marketplace; fair; shopping center [bazar]
local market; small market [bazare(h)] 11

repaying a visit (see, ad t a ) ; inspection [bazdid]

merchant; trader; businessman [bazrgan]
commerce; trade [bazrgani]
restoration; rehabilitation; renovation [bazsazi]
return; restitution; home-coming [bazgt]
to return [bazgtn (baz
e.g., pres. : aad

grd)]

- wad - qad

to lag behind; to be detained [bazmandn (baz man)]

e.g., pres. : ad - d - qd
retired [bazneste(h)]
arm [bazu]
game; jest; play [bazi] 8
toy; plaything [bazie(h)]
actor; actress; buffoon; player

ancient [bastan]
archaeologist [bastanenas]
archaeology [bastanenasi]

[bazigr]

ancient; of yore [bastani]

with the exception of; save [beestesnaye]

having a good taste (fashion); tasteful [basliqe(h)]

lettered; literate; educated [basvad]
grand; splendid; magnificent [baokuh] 11
club (meeting place) [baga(h)]
pleasant; agreeable [basfa] 11
swamp; marsh [batlaq]

r
fi
^
fi
[
a
a
ra
ntb
c
rZc
c
sc
)c* rc
c
d
cZd
ficZd
ad
rcd
cd
wdd
d
)ad* d
)rd* rd
fid
td
wd
fid
d
r
e

w
fi
aZ
s
s

Bashiri

10

_________________________________________________________________________________

heart; mind; conscience [baten]

cause; reason; motive [ba'es] 13

garden [baq] 7
zoo; zoological garden [baqvh]

gardener [baqban] 10
small garden; flower-bed [baqe(h)]

to knit; to weave; to braid [baftn (baf)]

textile; what is woven or knit [baftni]
baklava; a kind of pastry [baqlva]

remainder; balance; rest; residue [baqi]

rest; leftover; what has remained [baqimande(h)]
wing [bal]
above; high; superior; up; height [bala] 7
at last; eventually; finally [belxre(h)]
roof [bam]

13

15

kind; loving; affectionate [bamhbbt]

tasty; palatable [bamzze(h)] 1 1
measuring; as much as [bendaze(h)]
sufficient(ly) [bendazeye kafi] 9
bank [bank] 1

banker [bankdar] 1 1
in spite of [bavojude inke]

belief; believing; accepting [bavr]

loyal; faithful [bavfa] 11
together [bahm] 7

skilled in an art [bahonr]

intelligent; clever; gifted; astute [bahu]

11
must (takes the subjunctive form of the verb) [bayd] 9
thus; in this manner [bein trtib]
excuse me! pardon me! [bebxid] 2
idol [bot]
idolater [botprst]
idolatry ; worship of idols [botprsti]
bush; shrub [botte(h)]
proper; timely; suitable [beja]
in place of; instead of [bejaye] 14
except; besides; same as dZ [bejoz]
childish [begane(h)]
childhood [begi]
child; baby; infant [be(h)]
pregnant [be(h)dar] 13
sea [bhr]
Caspian Sea; same as c wca [bhre xzr]
luck; fortune; chance [bxt]
to excuse; to pardon [bxidn (bx)]
to kiss [buse]

l
t l
r
fi
)m*

s
p

s
q
N
sN
sdZ
sdZ

cZ
fiZ at
ct
t

fiN

fiN
N
fiN
)Za + fiN * cZa fiN

)* r
( fi

11

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in particular; particularly [bexosus]

nZ

c
fi
fi

sN
r
q
rt
c

Z
Z
wZ
caZ
wcaZ
) * r

bad; foul; corrupt; false; evil [bd] 1

bad-tempered; irascible; immoral [bd xlaq]
unfortunate; ill-starred; unlucky [bdbxt]
of bad or ugly color [bdrng] 3
of bad taste (fashion) [bd sliqe(h)]

bad looking; ugly [bd qiafe(h)] 3

ugly; homely; plain [bdgel] 3
of bad taste (food); unsavory [bd mzze(h)]
body; trunk; corpse [bdn]
infamous; notorious; defamed [bdnam]

without; devoid of [bedune] 9

debtor; indebted [bedehkar]
on; side; bosom; fruit; profit; by memory [br]
for (usu., with the ezafe : wZ ) [bra]

equal; same; even; on the level [brabr]

equality; parity; similarity [brabri]
brother [bradr] 4
brotherhood [bradri]
to appear; to arise [br amdn

(br a)]

e.g., c (The sun rises.)

to overthrow; to dethrone; to abolish [br

13

ndaxtn

(br ndaz)] e.g., pres. : adZZ - wdZZ

to provoke; to excite [br ngixtn (br ngiz)]
e.g., pres. : aZ - wZ - qZ

- qdZZ

)dZZ* ZZ
)Z* Z

for; for the sake of; on account of [braye] 6

for this; because of this; due to this [braye in]

wZ
Z wZ
fiZ wZ
fi wZ
w
fi

)* r

9
for the reason that; due to the fact that [braye inke] 6
for what reason; why [braye e] 6
superiority; preference [brtri]
outstanding; distinguished; swollen [brjste(h)]
tag; label [brsb]
to remove; to close down [bridn (brin)]
e.g., pres. :

- - q

according to; by [brhsbe]

to rise; to stand up; to get up [brxastn (brxiz)]
e.g., pres. : a - w - q

)*

contrary to; against [brxlaf(e)] 1 3

encounter; chance meeting; clash [brxord]

some; part of [brxi]

understanding; assessment [brdat] 10
to take off; to pick up [br datn (br dar)]
e.g., pres. : acZa - wcZa - qcZa
to carry (away); to drive (a car); to win (game) [bordn (br)]
to carry up [bala] 12

m
ac

Za
)cZa* Za

)* ra

Bashiri

12

_________________________________________________________________________________

to use [bekar]

to go (polite form); same as c [trif]

e.g., ? (Where are you going?)
to enjoy [lezzt] 1 1

to name; to enumerate [nam]

vise versa; on the contrary; unlike [br'ks]

10

( c
(
( \N
( q

m
9
n
12
cZ
electric; glossy [brqi] 9

leaf (tree); sheet (paper) [brg]

to return something; to bring back [brgrdandn

)rZa * rZa
(brgrdan)] 14
e.g., pres. : Za - Za - qZa
to return [br gtn (br grd)] 9
)a *
e.g., pres. : aa - wa - qa
schedule; program; plan; project [brname(h)]
fi
rice (uncooked or dry); brass [berenj] 1 0

fruitful; fertile; prolific [borumnd] 1 1

t
to cut; to sever; to renounce [boridn (bor)] 10
)* r
goat [boz]

big; large; great; adult; grand [bozorg] 3

c
pl. of c the elders [bozorgan] 1 2
rc
highway; autobahn [bozorgrah]
sZc
Bozorgmehr, wise minister of rZtZ [bozorgmehr]
c
honorable; great [bozorgvar] 11
cZc
greatness; nobility; adulthood [bozorgi] 3
c
soon; in the near future; shortly [bezudi]
wat
enough; adequate; sufficient [bs]

to close; to tie [bstn (bnd)] 8

)*
to freeze [yx]
(
to make a bet [rt]
( i
ice cream [bstni] 7

ice-cream vendor [bstni foru] 7

ft
ice-cream shop [bstni forui] 7
t
closed; tied; parcel; package [bste(h)] 14
fi
response to Z ; good-bye [beslamt] 1

numerous; countless; many [besiar] 8

c
all right; very good; very well [besiyar xub] 9
[ c
many; a lot [besyari]; excessiveness [besiyar] 1 1
wc
plate [boqab]
[
barrel; keg [boke(h)]
fi
bottle [botri]
w
generally; completely; thoroughly [betowre kolli] 11

N c
then; after; afterwards [b'd] 8

after [b'd z] 7
dZ
afternoon [b'd zzohr] 9
dZ
snow [brf] 8
electricity; glitter [brq]
established [brqrar]

13

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later on; in the future [b'dn]

the next; subsequent [b'di] 8

a few; some [b'zi]
on some days; often [b'zi ruzha]
sometimes [b'zi vqtha] 8
Baghdad, capital of Iraq [bqdad]

9
14

arm; embrace [bql] 11

except for; same as dZ and [beqeyr z] 10
invitation to an action (see, mc in Unit Four) [befrma'id]
grocer [bqqal]
remainder; rest; balance [bqiyye(h)]

14

nightingale [bolbol]
person familiar with a place; guide [bld]
perhaps; perchance; maybe [blke(h)]

3, 13
out loud; aloud [bolnd bolnd] 11
height; elevation; loudness; eminence [bolndi]
boulevard [bolvar(d) / bulvar(d)]
blouse [boluz] 11
yes [ble(h)] 2
ticket [belit]
ticket-seller [beliti] 11
ticket-seller [belit foru] 11
ticket-office [belitforui]
bomb [bomb]
upon; as soon as [bemhze] 1 1
same as ; upon [bemhze inke] 14
builder; bricklayer; mason [bnna] 13
therefore [bna brin] 10
famous; well-known [benam]
dead end; blind; cul-de-sac [bonbst]
port; harbor [bndr]
Mercedes Benz [benz] 6
gas; petrol [benzin]
violet (color) [bnf] 3
violet (flower); pansy [bnfe(h)]fi
agency; establishment; institution [bongah]
Ben Hur [ben hur] 9
foundation; base [bonyad]
smell; odor [bu]
crucible; bush; shrub; same as fiN [bute(h)]
budget [budje(h)]
to be; to exist [budn (hst / ba)] 5
to be ready [amade(h)]
to hope [omidvar] 1 0
high; loud; tall; eminent [bolnd]

dtc
t
aZ

dZ

p
fiN

fi

w
acZ
d
fi

ft
t

fiZ

Z
q

c

s
c
a

fi
fia
)f D * ra
( sa
( cZtZ

Bashiri

14

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to know (a place) [bld]

to be better (than) [behtr] 9

to be full [por] 1 1
to be covered with [puide(h)]
to be thirsty [tene]
to be separate [joda]
to be ready [hazer]
to be tired [xste]
to have [dara]

11

to be thinking of [dr fekr(e)]

to be cold [srd]
to be aboard [svar]
to include [amel]
to resemble [bih]

to own; to possess [sahb]

to be owner of ... [sahbe]
to be in love ['aeq] 7

10

consist of; include ['ebart]

to be hungry [gorosne(h)]
to be warm [grm]
to be necessary [lazem]
to resemble; be like [mesl]

to be forced to; to have to [mjbur] 9

to be busy [mqul] 9
to be busy doing something [mqule]

13
14
to be a guest of [mehman]
to be possible [momken] 9
to be worried [negran] 1 3
to be worried about [negrane]
to be of the same opinion [hm'qide(h)] 11
share the same opinion with [ba... hm'qide(h)]
to recall; to be in memory [yad]
blonde; light colored; baffled [bur]
stock exchange [burs]
kiss [buse(h)]
to kiss [busidn (bus)] 1 0
by means of; through [bevsileye] 13
owl [buf]
buffet [bufe(h)]
horn (car) [buq]
turkey (poultry) [buqlmun]
to; at; by [be] 6 ; quince [beh]
price; worth; value [bha] 3
of the Baha'i faith [bha'i] 1 3
to be suitable [monaseb]
to be waiting [montzer]

(
(
(
( s
( fi
( Z
(
( fi
( ZcZa
( ca
( a
( cZ
(
( fi
(
( ///
(
( \c
( fi
( q
( qd
(
( c
( p
( /// p
(
(
( r
(
( rZ
( /// rZ
( s
( s ///
( a

c
ec
fi
)e* r
fi
m
fi
n
r
fi

15

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spring (season) [bhar]

better [behtr] 9
the best [behtrin]
public health [behdari]

sanitation; hygiene; health care [behdat]

to every; to each [behr] 1 1

anyhow; at any rate [behrhal]

paradise; heaven [behet]
an avalanche; 11th month of solar year; it has 30 days
without [bi]
desert; wilderness [biaban]

[bhmn]

12

ineffective; invalid [bisr] 11

endless; infinite; without limit [bienteha] 11
unimportant; insignificant; petty [bihmiyyt]
apostate; faithless; irreligious [biiman]
outspoken; frank [biprde(h)] 1 1
inexperienced; green [bitjrobe(h)]

11

without compliments; frank; without formality [bit'arof]

helpless; poor; needy; desperate [biare(h)] 8
unveiled; without a chador; uncovered [bihejab] 11
willow tree; clothes moth [bid]
awake; alert; watchful [bidar]

10
without color; colorless; faded [birng] 1 1
outside; exterior; outdoor [birun] 9
Bizhan, first name (male) [bin] 4
twenty [bist] 7
twenty-one [bisto yek] 7
illiterate [bisvad]
biscuit [biskuit]
more [bi]
more than [bi z] 12
without resemblance; unlike [biebaht] 11
more [bitr]
more than [bitr z]
most of the people [bitre mrdom] 8
without doubt; doubtless [bikk]
noiseless; without making noise; quiet [biseda] 11
unwise; brainless [bi'ql] 11
jobless; idle; unemployed [bikar]
endless; shoreless; limitless; boundless [bikran] 11
without relatives; forlorn [biks]
alien; foreign; stranger [bigane(h)]
innocent; sinless; blameless [bigonah]
spade; shovel [bil]
patient; ill; sick [bimar] 7

wcZ
Z

r
Z
Z
NZ
rZ
sa
fi
mc
sc
[

cZ

rt
r

t
aZ

dZ

dZ
qaI

N
Z

c
rZ

fi
s

Bashiri

16

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hospital

[bimarestan] 7

illness; disease [bimari]

peerless; without an equal [bimannd]
tasteless; insipid; flat [bimzze(h)] 1 1
insurance; guarantee
between [beyn] 11

rc
wc

sN
fi

Z
Z
c

t
Z
s
)f +* f

11

[bime(h)]

among nations; international [beynolmell]

international [beynolmelli] 12
without light; faint [binur] 1 1

12

endless; limitless; extremely; infinity [binhayt]

nose [bini]
fickle; disloyal; unfaithful [bivfa]
biography [biyugrafi]
widow [bive(h)]

11

stupid; unintelligent; unconscious; slow-witted [bihu]

11

foot (part of body); foot (measurement) [pa] 4

fall; autumn [pa'iz] 11
below; at the foot of [pa'in]
king; monarch; emperor [padea(h)]
reign; kingship [padeahi]
paragraph [paragraf]

party; get-together; connection in high places; Parthian [parti] 10

material; cloth; fabric [pare(h)] 9
last year [parsal] 8

[park] 9
city park [parke hr]
parking lot [parking] 9
parliament [parleman]
oar; paddle; shovel [paru]
piece; patch; rent [pare(h)]
park

12
torn into pieces; ragged; shredded [pare(h)
Paris [paris]
shopping center [pasa]
policeman; cop; sentinel [pasban] 10
passport [pasport]
answer; reply; response [pasox] 10
guard; sentry [pasdar]
to sprinkle; to scatter; to sow [paidn
clean; pure; chaste; entirely [pak]

pare(h)]

(pa)]

envelope; paper bag [pakt] 9

Pakistan (lit., land of the pure) [pakestan] 10

12

sa
a
mZZc
c
fic
pc
oc
oc
c
rc
tc
sc
sc sc
c

)r + e* r
\c

)Za ++ e* cZ
)f* r
o

)r

o* r

17

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eraser; wiper [pak kon]

refinery [palayega(h)]
overcoat [palto]
fifteen [panzdh] 7

)s

dressing (wound) [panseman]

hostel; dormitory [pansiyon]

five hundred [pansd] 9

stealthily [pavrin pavrin] 11
end; conclusion; termination [payan] 14
capital (city) [paytxt]
Pepsi Cola [pepsi] 9

hammer; sledge hammer [potk]

blanket; cover [ptu] 4
to cook; to bake [poxtn (pz)] 8

(that which is) cooked or baked; skillful; wise [poxte(h)]

father; sire; priest [pedr] 1
grandfather [pedrbozorg] 4

father-in-law [pedrzn]
fatherhood; paternity [pedr]
phenomenon [pdide(h)]

entertainment; party [pzira'i] 10

full; loaded (gun) [por] 12 ; feather [pr]
orange (sweet); Portugal [portqal] 3
populous [porjm'iyyt]
talkative [porane(h)]
flag; standard; banner [prcm] 3

to pay; to reimburse; to be engaged in [prdaxtn

curtain; (movie) screen; act (play) [prde(h)]
dark (color) [porrng]
impudent; sassy; cheeky; rude
nurse [prstar] 4

(prdaz)] 11

[porru]

worship; adoration [prste]

to worship; to adore [prstidn (prst)] 11
to ask; to question; to interrogate [porsidn (pors)] 7
Parand, Iranian family name; shot silk; luster [prnd] 9
bird; fowl [prnde(h)] 10
flight [prvaz]
butterfly; permit; propeller [prvane(h)] 4
orphanage; nursery [prvregah] 11
projector [peroektor]
plan; project [peroe(h)]
professor; instructor [porofosor]

program [porogram]
dossier; file; records [prvnde(h)]
Parvin, first name (female); the Pleiades [prvin] 4

o
* s

sa
r
r

ct ct
r

)G*
fi
c
c c
rd c
wc
s
Z

p
N
fi

)dZa* Za
sa
c
tc
c

)* r
)e* r

s
dZt
fiZt
sct
ct
st
ct
qZt
st
t

Bashiri

18

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to fly; to jump; to twitch; to fade (color) [pridn

the day before yesterday [priruz]
the night before last [prib]
doctor; physician [pezek]

(pr)]

then; after; back; behind [ps] 8

after; following [ps z] 9
savings; nest egg [psndaz]
three days ago [ps priruz]
three nights ago [ps prib]

three years ago [ps piarsal]

low; lowly; base; mean [pst] 6 ; mail; post; position [post] 6
breast [pestan]
postman; mailman [posti] 4
post office [postxane(h)] 6

[pstr frda]
three nights hence [pstr frdab]
closet [pstu]
pistachio [peste(h)]
boy; son; lad [pesr] 1
for boys [pesrane(h)] 11
day after tomorrow [psfrda]
back; behind; rear; generation [pot] 7
perseverance; steadfastness [potkar] 1 5
mosquito; gnat [pe(h)]
bridge (structure) [pol] 11
seashore; seaside [pela]
plastic [pelastik] 10
plate; tag; plaque [pelak]
leopard [plng]
cooked rice with additions [polo]
stair; step; grade; rung [pelle(h)] 12
police(man) [polis] 12
copy; duplication; stencil [polikopi]
pullover [poliver]
pump (gas) [pomp] 11
gas station [pompe benzin] 11
refugee [pnahnde(h)]
cotton [pnbe(h)]
five [pnj] 2
fifty [pnja(h)]
window; opening [pnjre(h)] 8
Thursday; eve of Friday [pnjnbe(h)]
fifth [pnjom]
puncture [pnr / pner]
cheese [pnir] 8
powder [pudr]
three days hence

10

)* r
dt

dZ
dZZ
dt

pc

r
) + *
)fi + * fi
Za
Za

fi

fiZ
Za

c
fi
N

fiN

s
fi

s
s
fi

ca

19

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skin; hide; peel; bark (tree) [pust]

sheepskin [pustin]
to decompose; to decay [pusidn (pus)]
clothing; costume; garment [puak]

to clothe; to cause to wear [puandn (puan)] 12

to wear; to put on; to hide [puidn (pu)]
covered; concealed [puide(h)]
covered bazaar [bazare sr puide(h)]
covered with [puide(h) z]
money; cash [pul] 7
rich; well-off; wealthy

[puldar]

ointment [pomad]
side; flank [phlu] 7
wide; broad [phn]
width; breadth

[phna]

on foot; pawn (chess); foot soldier [piade(h)] 9

sidewalk [piade(h)ro] 9
year before last [piarsal]
onion; bulb [piaz]
message [piam]
piano [piano]
pipe (smoking) [pip]

twist; curl; screw [pi]

serpentine; winding; spiral [piapi] 11
to wind; to wrap; to turn [piidn (pi)] 11

apparent; obvious; visible [peyda] 8

act of appearing; coming into existence; emergence [peydaye] 11
creation of the world [peydayee ka'enat]
successive(ly); in a row [pey dr pey]
old (usu., for people); cf., fi [pir] 12
old woman; hag [pirzn]
old man [pirmrd] 12
shirt; gown; dress [pirahn]
disciple; follower [peyrow]

before; ago; previous; front [pi] 7

in audience with; to (always with ezafe ) [pie] 11
forehead [piani]
servant; waiter [pixedmt]
suggestion; proposal; offer [pinhad] 12
prophet; messenger [peyqmbr] 13
picnic [piknik] 13
treaty; contract; agreement; pact [peyman]
measuring bowl [peymane(h)] 14

)e* r
o
)r* r
)f* r
s
s cZd
dZ s
p
)Za + p* cZ
a

sa
tc sa
pc
d
q

)* r
Z
Z
\I Z
ca

rd
a
Z
t

r
fi

Bashiri

20

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theater [teatr]

until (time); (up) to (place); till; than [ta] 9

summer [tabestan] 11
signboard; tableau; painting; canvas [tablo]
crown; diadem; crest [taj]
merchant; trader [tajer]

Tajik; people of Tajik SSR; Iranian [tajik] 11

Tajikistan; republic in Soviet Central Asia [tajikestan] 11
until now [tahala] 10
history; date (calendar); era; time [tarix] 15
historical; of historical significance [tarixi]
dark; dim; opaque; gloomy [tarik] 9

darkness [tariki] 14
freshness; newness; novelty [tazegi] 10

fresh; new; recent; modern; even so [taze(h)] 10

taxi [taksi] 8
until now; so far [takonun] 11
tank (army); tanker; reservoir [tank]
tire (car) [tayer]
fever [tb]
transformation; change [tbdil] 11
ax; hatchet [tbr]
Tabriz, city in NW Iran [tbriz] 3
native of Tabriz [tbrizi] 3

congratulation; good wishes [tbrik]

exile; banishment [tb'id] 12
discrimination; partiality; bias [tb'iz]

hill; hillock; heap; mound [tppe(h)]

renewal; revision; restoration; repetition [tjdid] 13
review; revision [tjdide nzr] 13
experience; test; trial; experimentation [tjrobe(h)]
education; obtaining; acquisition [thsil] 10
pl. of ; education [thsilat] 11
educated; cultured [thsilkrde(h)] 12
delivery; reduction [thvil]

cashier [thvildar]
change of the year [thvile sal]
Takhte Jamshid; Persepolis; Achaemenian palace built
between 520 and 450 B.C. by Darius and Xerxes
near the city of Shiraz [txte jmid]
bed; bedstead [txtexab]
blackboard [txteye sia(h)] 12
backgammon [txtenrd]

r

c
c
c
c
d
sd

fiN

fi

\
sa

cZ
p

[Z
s fi
a fi

21

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seed; egg; testicle [toxm]

egg (chicken) [toxme morq] 11

boiled egg [toxme morqe abpz]
hard boiled egg [toxme morqe seft]

soft boiled egg [toxme morqe 'sli]

same as l ; soft boiled egg [toxme morqe nimbnd]
fried eggs [toxme morqe nimru]
instruction; teaching [tdris] 12
instructional; pertaining to teaching [tdrisi] 12
notification; remark [tzkkor]
wet; damp; humid; moist [tr]

scales [trazu]
tragedy [teraedi]
to shave; to scrape; to pare [traidn

[terafik]
tractor [teraktor]
tramway [teramvay]
transit [teranzit]
transistor [teranzistor]
transformer [teransformator]

(tra)]

traffic

ditty; popular song; ballad; tune [trane(h)] 11

education; training; politeness; courtesy [trbiyt]
order; arrangement; classification [trtib] 11
in this manner [bein trtib] 11
translation; interpretation [trjome(h)] 9
choice; preference [trjih] 9
fear; dread; worry [trs] 12

to scare; to frighten; to intimidate [trsandn

dreadful; horrible; scary [trsnak]
cowardly; yellow; timid [trsu]
to fear; to be afraid of [trsidn (trs)]
sour; tart; acid [tor]
sourness; acidity; pickles [tori]
promotion; advancement; elevation [trfi']

(trsan)]

12

progress; advancement; improvement [trqqi]

abandonment; desertion [trk]; crack; split [trk];
Turk; Turkish [tork] 10
Turkistan [torkestan] 11
the Turkish language[torki] 5
Turkish spoken in Azerbaijan; Azeri [torkiye azrbaijani] 15
Turkey (country) [torkiyye(h)]
brake [tormoz]
train [teren] 10
subway train [terene zirzmini]
assassination; dread; alarm [teror]

l
[ l
l
l
l
t l
c
c
N

tdZ
waZ
)fZ* rZ
Z
cZ
wZZ
Z
cZ
ccZ
fiZ

fi

e
)r* r
o

e* r
f

N
o
r

cb
fi

r
dd r
ct

Bashiri

22

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thesis; dissertation

[tez]

doctoral dissertation [teze doktora]

ceremonies; protocol [trifat]
gratitude; appreciation; thanking [tkkor]
thirst [tenegi]
thirsty; dry [tene(h)] 13

accident; event; coincidence [tsadof]

decision; resolution; will (power) [tsmim] 10
picture; image; painting [tsvir]

pl. of ; demonstrations [tzahorat]

compliments; courtesy (see discussion in Unit Four)

[t'arof]

astonishment; amazement; surprise [t'jjob] 12

surprised; expressing astonishment [bat'jjob] 12
amazing; astounding; flabbergasting [t'jjob avr]
number [te'dad] 10

definition; description; praise [t'rif] 12

vacation; holiday; day off [t'til] 9
New Year holiday [t'tile 'eyd]
religious instruction [t'limate dini]
education [t'lim v trbiyt]

appointing; fixing; determining [t'yin]

change; transformation; mutation [tqyir] 11
spit; saliva [tof]
difference; diversity; dissimilarity [tfavot]
recreation; amusement; fun [tfrih]
amusement park [tfrihgah]
rifle; gun [tofng] 10

rifleman; watchman [tofngi]

nearly; approximately; almost [tqribn]
division; portion [tqsim] 11
guilt person; fault; offense; violation [tqsir]

mimicry; imitation (of a Shi'ite religious leader) [tqlid]

calendar; almanac [tqvim]
shake; shock; jolt; rocking [tekan] 13
repetition; recurrence [tekrar]
loner; individualist; recluse [tkro]
homework; duty; puberty [tklif] 11
button; knob [tokme(h)]
hail [tgrg]

bitter; acrimonious; acrid [tlx] 12

pronunciation; accent [tlffoz] 14
telephone [telefon] 1
by telephone [telefonn]
(telephone) operator [telefoni] 11
telephone office [telefonxane(h)] 11
by telephone [telefoni] 8

10

Za
\
N

fi
ma

\Z
mc
N
N
ct N
aZ

a \
t

\t

)s ++ * s

r
cZ
t

fi

) + *
)fi + * fi

23

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telegraph [telgeraf] 11

mZ
Z
) + mZ* Z
)fi + mZ* fiZ
by telegraph [telgerafi]
Z
air pump; pump [tolombe(h)]
fi
television [televiziyon] 1
r
color television [televiziyone rngi] 5
c r
spectacle; show [tmaa] 11

spectator; viewer; bystander [tmaai]

) + *
theater [tmaaxane(h)]
)fi + * fi
whole; complete; full [tmam] 8
q
postage stamp [tmbr] 7

civilization [tmddon]
rN
drill; exercise; rehearsal [tmrin]

clean; neat; distinction; discrimination [tmiz] 7

body; person [tn]; metric ton [ton]

tobacco (for hookah) [tnbaku]

lazy; idle; sluggish [tnbl]

laziness; idleness [tnbl]

fast; rapid; swift; sharp; hot (food); dark (color) [tond]

quickly [tondtond]

healthy; in good health [tndorost]
c
alone; lonely; single [tnha] 9

loneliness; solitude [tnha'i]

tennis [tenis]

you (sing.; familiar) [to] 4; in; inside [tu] 6

toilette; make up; cosmetics [tuvalet]

Z
able; strong; powerful [tvana]
Z
to be able; have the right to; can [tvanestn (tvan)] 9)rZ* Z
ball; gun; cannon; bluff (poker); intimidation [tup] 13
~
gunner; artilleryman [tupi] 11

berry; mulberry [tut]

\
tobacco (pipe) [tutun]
r
notice; attention; care; concentration [tvjjoh]
fiN
monotheism [towhid]

mass; heap; the masses [tude(h)]

sa
net; netting; screen [tur]
c
storm; tempest; flood [tufan]
r
Tokyo [tokiyo]

Iranian currency equivalent of 10 rials [tuman] 3

r
tumor [tumor]
c
tunnel [tonel]

bottom; end; root [th] 11

fi
rice dish [thin]
fi
by telegram [telgerafn]
(telegraph) operator [telgerafi] 11
telegraph office [telgerafxane(h)] 11

Bashiri

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invasion; aggression [thajom]

Tehran, capital of Iran; same as rZ

preparation; arrangement [tehpeh]
type; brigade [tip]

[tehran]

arrow; shot; bullet; shaft; 4th month of the solar year with 31 days

circulation (newspaper)

[tir]

[tira]

rZ

sharp; pointed; fast [tiz]

blade; razor; sword; ray [tiq]
team [tim]

in the second place; secondly [saniyn]

second [saniye(h)]
wealth; riches [srvt]

rich; affluent; wealthy [srvtmnd]

) + \t* t
pl. of t ; the rich [srvtmndan] 11 )rZ + + \t* rZt
the Pleiades [soryya]

fi
\t

[sawr]

s
[Z
c

place; seat; space; room; occasion [ja] 1

magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell [jadu]

ta

orchid [s'lb]
third [sols]
fruit; yield; produce; result [smr]
fruit; offspring; result [smre(h)]
reward; recompense; charity [svab]
bull; ox; Taurus

magician; wizard; witch [jadugr] 11

) +ta* ta

road; way; highway; thoroughfare [jadde(h)]

secret agent; spy; informer; undercover man [jasus]
interesting; attractive; noteworthy [jaleb] 8
cup; goblet; Grail; chalice [jam]
comprehensive; universal; full [jame']
society; community [jame'e(h)]

sociologist [jame'e enas] 11

sociology [jame'e enasi]
garment; clothes; robe; guise [jame(h)]

suitcase; trunk; wardrobe [jame(h)dan]

fi* e fi

)rZa

fi* rZa fi

Jami, 'Abd al-Rahman, Persian poet and mystic (1414-1492)

soul; life; dear; essence [jan]
direction; side [janeb] 11
from; from the direction of; on behalf of [zjanebe] 13

[jami]

sNa
e

fi
fi
fi

dZ

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living; animate; animal [jandar]

successor; substitute; replacement

[janein] )

beast; animal [janevr]

devoted; true; implacable (enemy); murderer [jani]

immortal; eternal; everlasting; timeless [javdan]

pl. of p ; mountains [jebal] 15
algebra [jbr] 15
jet [jet]
ancestor [jdd]

detached; separate; disconnected [joda]

separation; departure [joda'i]
serious; solemn; grave [jeddi]
new; modern; recent; fresh [jdid] 7
current; flow [jrian] 11
other than; except; unless [joz] 14

fraction; part; section; little; detail [joz']

island; isle [jzire(h)]
boldness; impertinence; audacity [jesart]

search; pursuit; seeking; quest [jostoju]

to search; to discover; to find [jostn (ju)]

body; corpse; cadaver; carcass; remains [jsd]

substance; body; material [jesm]
bold; daring; presumptuous [jsur]
celebration; feast; party
box; chest [j'be(h)]

[jn]

14

14

geography [joqrafiya] 15
geographic [joqrafiya'i]
mate; spouse; pair; even (number) [joft] 7

Jalal al-Din Rumi, 13th century mystic poet [jlaloddin rumi] 15

arrest; subpoena; attraction [jlb]; fake; false; counterfeit [jlb]
volume; copy; skin; cover [jeld] 2
meeting; session; conference [jlse(h)]
front (space); ahead; before [jelo] 7
prevention; control; repression [jelogiri]
addition; plural; group; crowd [jm'] 13
Friday; Muslim's day off [jom'e(h)] 9

) + * w

population; crowd; multitude; society [jm'iyyt] 15

sentence (grammar); all; the whole (of something) [jomle(h)] 8
jinni [jenn]
excellency; highness [jenab]
your excellency; your highness [jenabe'ali]
crime; murder; offense [jenayt]
to move; to rock; to shake; to nod [jonbandn
movement; uprising; shaking [jonbe]
side; aspect; viewpoint; nature [jnbe(h)]

(jonb)]

cZ
c

rZat
p

N
Z
Z
wN

Y
s
\c

) *

fi
Z
Z

tc NZ p

fi

fi

fi

)* r

fi

Bashiri

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excitement

[jonb v ju]

f t

[Z
waZ
rZ
Z
ft Z
t Z
fi
c
[Zc

14

war; conflict; combat [jng] 10

forest; woods; jungle [jngl] 15
south [jonub] 9

barley [jow] 15 ; atmosphere; space [jvv]

answer; reply; response [jvab] 9

Javadi, Iranian family name [jvadi] 2

young; youth; adolescent; teenager [jvan] 8
jewelry; gem(stone) [jvaher] 11
jeweller [jvaher foru] 11
jewelry store [jvaher forui] 11
chicken; chick [juje(h)]
kind; type; sort; compatible
socks; stockings [jurab]

[jur]

to boil; to brew; to infuse [juandn

brook; stream; gutter [juy] 12
to chew; to gnaw [jvidn (jv)]

(juan)]

12)r

* r

w
) * r
d
r
s

N
a

dowry; ship; system [jhaz]

world; universe; creation; the earth [jhan] 11
experienced; well-traveled [jhandide(h)]

world-wide; universal; global [jhani]

direction; cause; reason; point of view; consideration [jht] 11
ignorance [jhl]
inferno; hell; Hades [jhnnm]
Jew; Jewish [johud]
pocket; bag; pouch [jib]
jeep [jip] 11

print; edition; impression; press; publication

printing house; press [apxane(h)]
flatterer; sycophant [aplus]
tent; veil [ador]
stool [arpaye(h)]
fat; obese; chubby; plump [aq]
chin [ane(h)] 6
well; shaft; pit [ah] 11
tea; tea plant [ay] 6
tea canister [aydan] 11
sugared tea [aye irin]

[ap]

)fi

)rZa + w* rZ

tea served with cubed sugar alongside it [aye qndphlu]

left; sinister [p]
long-stemmed pipe (smoking) [opoq]
umbrella; parasol [tr] 9

~
~* fi
e
ca
fic
n
fi
s
w
w
w

27

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parachutist; paratrooper

[trbaz]

why?; yes; reason [era] 6

lamp; lantern; flashlight [eraq] 1
fat; oily; greasy [rb]

nonsense; irrelevant talk [ert]; light sleep; nap; doze; slumber [ort]

wheel; cycle; bicycle; whirl; firmament [rx]

dirt; grime; filth; pus [erk]
leather; hide; pelt [rm]

leathern; made of leather [rmi]

to graze; to browse [ridn (r)]
glue; paste; gum [sb] 14

to paste; to glue; to fasten [sbandn (sban)]

same as r ; to glue [sbanidn (sban)]
to adhere; to stick; to cling [sbidn (sb)]
eye [em or m] 8
pl. of ; eyes [eman]

spring; source; eyelet [eme(h)]

to taste; to savor; to test (food) [eidn

how?; in what manner? [etowr] 1

)* r

(e)]

how much? [eqdr] 6

check; cheque [ek]
hammer [ko]

boot; riding boot [kme(h)]

how; in what manner [egune(h)]
cooked rice; no additions, served with a stew or sauce
rice with kabob [elo kbab] 9
club; mace [omaq]

[elo]

lawn; grass; meadow [mn]

how many; how much; several; a few; some [nd] 2, 6
as much as; so many; so much [ndan]
how many [nd ta] 6
for some time; a little while [ndi]
sometime later [ndi b'd]
so much [ndin]
claw; talon; harp; lute [ng]

fork; claws; talon; clutches [ngal]

wood; timber; firewood [ub] 10
shepherd; pastor [upan]
polo [owgan]
because; since; as; like [un] 6
what; how; because [e(h)] 2

both ... and [e(h) ... v e(h)]

four [har] 2
Chaharbaq; street in Isfahan [harbaq]

d
Z
lZ
[
`
o
q

)* r

)r* r
)r* r

r
fi
)* r
)c + fi* c
)c + fi* c

N
fi
fi

[
n

rZ

w
w

p
[
r
r
r
fi
fi t /// fi
c
lc

Bashiri

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framework

[harub]

[c
t ac
sac
sZcc
fic
c
qc

)* r

12

on all fours [har dst v pa]

fourteen [hardh] 7
intersection; square; crossroads [harrah]
Wednesday [harnbe(h)] 10
four hundred [harsd] 9
fourth [harom]
forty [ehel] 14
printed cotton fabric

[it]

to pick; to pluck; to cut; to shear [idn

thing; object; matter; wealth [iz] 8

(in)]

some things; certain things [izha'i] 9

something; a thing [izi]
China [in]

Chinese, language and people of China; chinaware [ini]

_
a hajji, one who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca [haji] 14
accident; happening; event [hadese(h)]
harvest; product; yield; crop; result [hasel]

present; ready; prepared [hazer] 11

protector; keeper; preserver; Hafiz (famed Shirazi poet, d. 1389) [hafez] 1

magistrate; governor; ruler [hakem]

health; condition; circumstance; now; the present time [hal]
now; at present; at the moment [hala] 9
state; expression; case [halt] 11
certainly; surely [htmn] 13

even [htta] 10
pilgrimage to Mecca [hjj]
veil; curtain [hejab] 11

limit; extent; boundary [hdd]

pl. of N ; limits [hodud] 9
about; approximately [dr hodude] 9
tradition; recorded deeds of the Prophet Muhammad
sale; auction [hraj] 9

[hdis]

heat; temperature; fervor; ardor [hrart] 15

letter (alphabet); speech; talk [hrf] 6
movement; motion; move (chess); behavior [hrekt] 9
party (politics); sect [hezb]
sense; feeling; perception; sensation [hess] 12
account; score; arithmetic; computation [hesab]
bookkeeper; accountant [hesabdar] 11 )Za +
bookkeeping; accounting office [hesabdari]

[* cZ

fia

N
N
[
N
at
at ca

^Z
\cZ
m

N
[
wcZ

29

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arithmetical; logical; respectable [hesabi] 13

Hassan; first name (male) [hsn] 2 ; beauty; virtue [hosn]

regret; rue [hsrt]
excellency; majesty; highness; presence [hzrt] 13
right; privilege; title; truth [hqq] 12
small; modest; humble; lowly [hqir]

truth; fact; reality [hqiqt]

in truth; in reality; as a matter of fact [dr hqiqt]
story; narrative; anecdote; tale; yarn [hekayt]
order; command; sentence; verdict; decree [hokm]
wisdom; philosophy; mystery [hekmt]

governor; ruler [hokmran]

)rZc +
rulership; government; small province [hokumt] 15
philosopher; doctor; wise man; sage; pundit [hkim]
analysis; melting; dissolution [hll]

lawful; legitimate; legal; permissible [hlal]

throat; windpipe; pharynx [hlq]
ring; loop; link; circle [hlqe(h)]
sweetmeat [hlva]
epic (poem) [hmase(h)] 15

porter; carrier [hmmal]

bathhouse; Turkish bath; hot bath

[hmmam]

transportation [hml v nql]

attack; rush; assault; charge [hmle(h)]
Hamid, first name (male) [hmid]
henna; Egyptian dye for hair [hna]
pond; pool; tank; basin [howz]

10

towel [howle(h)]
life; lifetime [hyat]
courtyard; compound; backyard [hyat] 15
amazed; astonished; perplexed; puzzled [hyran]
amazement; perplexity; astonishment [hyrt]
trick; ruse; stratagem [hile(h)] 11
artful; cunning [hile(h)gr] 11
animal; beast; brute; critter [hyvan] 12

* rZ

\
\
N

ca

N
p

fi
Z
fi
pN
qN
t
fi

h
fi
\
i
rZ
\
fi
fi
rZ

`
end; conclusion; termination [xateme(h)] 10
thorn; barb; thistle [xar]
hedgehog; porcupine [xarpot]
outside; out; abroad [xarej] 11
abroad; foreign; foreign lands [xareje(h)]
foreign; external; stranger; outsider [xareji]

fi
c
c
^c
fic
c

Bashiri

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pl. of c ; foreigners; outsiders; strangers [xarejian]

15

behalf; sake; memory; mind [xater]

recollection; memory; reminiscence [xatere(h)]
Khaqan; title of Chinese emperors [xaqan]
Khaqani; Persian poet (1106-1185)
earth; soil; dust; dirt [xak]

[xaqani]

ash; ashes [xakestr] 3

grey; color of ashes [xakestri] 3
omelet; scrambled eggs [xagine(h)]

maternal aunt [xale(h)] 4

empty; vacant; hollow; deflated; unloaded [xali] 11
raw; crude; inexperienced [xam]
silent; quiet; extinguished; dormant [xamu]
silence; blackout [xamui]
cream; raw silk; style; pen [xame(h)]

Central Asian nobleman; khan; Mr.; inn; caravanserai [xan] 4

Central Asian noble woman; lady; Mrs.; wife; mother [xanom] 4
pertaining to family; familial [xanevadegi]
family; household; lineage [xanevade(h)] 7
house; home; residence; mansion; bungalow [xane(h)] 4
housewife; housekeeper; thrifty [xane(h)dar] )Za +
east; orient [xavr]

fi* cZa fi

the Far East [xavre dur]

the Middle East [xavre miane(h)]
the Near East [xavre nzdik]

caviar [xaviar] 11
news item; information; notice; report [xbr] 9
reporter; correspondent [xbrnegar]
the Lord; God; god; godhead; deity [xoda] 1
farewell; so long [xoda hafez] 1
thank God [xodara okr] 13

) +* c

Godly; pious; theist [xodaenas]

the Almighty; God [xodavnd]
donkey; ass; stupid; silly person; fool [xr]

ruined; impaired; destroyed; out of order [xrab] 12

tax; revenue; toll; tribute [xraj]
Khurasan; NE province of Iran [xorasan]
melon; muskmelon [xrbuze(h)] 15
expense; cost; expenditure; gunpowder [xrj] 9

little; tiny; small; puny; minced; small change [xord]; intellect; wisdom;
reason [xerd]
Khordad, third month of the solar year; it has 30 days [xordad]
wise; learned; sagacious [xerdmnd] 11
bear [xers]
contented; satisfied; pleased [xorsnd]
rabbit; bunny; hare [xrgu] 11

rc

s
r

w
fi
fi

q
f

fi
r

aZ
saZ
fi
ct
cta ct
fict
a ct
ct

Z
Z
Zc Z
eZ
tZ

[Z
^Z
rZ
sd
^
a
aZa
a
e

31

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Khorram Abad, Iranian city in Luristan [xorrm

date (fruit) [xorma] 15
harvest; yield; crop; stack [xrmn]
exit; exodus; discharge; ejection [xoruj]

abad]

rooster; cock [xorus]

what is bought; shopping [xrid]

buyer; customer; purchaser [xridar] 11

to buy; to purchase; to acquire [xridn (xr)] 5
worth buying [xridn]
fur; fur coat [xz]
Caspian [xzr] 15

fatigue; tiredness; weariness [xstegi]

tired; fatigued; worn out [xste(h)] 8
exhausted; pooped [xste(h) v mande(h)] 8
Khusrow, title of Iranian kings [xosrow]

Xerxes (486-465 B.C.), son and successor of Darius [xayarah]

dry; arid; parched [xok]
concern; regard [xosus] 11
personal; private; informal; intimate [xosusi] 10
danger; risk; hazard; peril; jeopardy [xtr]
dangerous; risky; hazardous; perilous
ruler (drawing) [xtk]

[xtrnak] )o +* o

summary; abstract; resume; in short; briefly [xolase(h)]

offense; violation; opposite; contrary [xelaf] 13
pilot; aviator [xlban]
gulf; bay [xlij] 10
Persian Gulf [xlije

fars] 10
Caliph; successor; pontiff [xlife(h)]
dagger; poniard [xnjr]
laughing; smiling; giggling [xndan]
laughter; laugh; chuckle; guffaw [xnde(h)] 12
to laugh; to smile; to giggle [xndidn (xnd)]
cool; fresh; chilly [xonk]
habit; temperament [xu]
sleep; dream; slumber; nap; death [xab] 12
sleepy; drowsy [xabalud]

to cause to sleep; to put to bed; to stem

) rZ* rZ
(revolt) [xabandn (xaban)] 12
to hospitalize [tuye bimarestan]
( rc w
bedroom; dormitory [xabgah]
)s + [Z* sZ
to sleep; to lie down; to snooze; to nap [xabidn (xab)] 8
asleep; dormant [xabide(h)]
suitor; lover; admirer; caller [xastgar]
to want; to beg; to request; to demand; to summon [xastn

)sZ* Z

(xah)]

a qN

^t
et

cZ
)* r

fi
s t fi
t
sc

fi
m
r

ec
fi

rZ
s
)* r

[Z
a [Z

)[Z* rZ
sZ
cZ

Bashiri

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to desire; to want [del]

to apologize [m'zert]
Excuse me! [m'zert mixahm]
to read; to sing; to study; to invite; to designate;
to summon [xandn (xan)] 5
to sing [avaz] 6
to study [drs] 6

( pa
( \c
( Z \c
( dZt
( eca
( fitc
( d

to preach [rowze(h)]
to pray [nemaz] 6

reading text; worth reading; readable; made for singing [xandn] 9

singer; reader; chanter; reciter; vocalist [xannde(h)]
sister [xahr] 4
nephew; niece [xahr zade(h)]
request; wish; desire; proposition; appeal
good; proper; nice [xub] 1

[xahe]

10

it is proper; it is good [xub st]

goodness; kindness; benevolence [xub] 3

self (reflexive and emphatic marker) [xod] 10 ; helmet; headgear [xud]

automatically [xodbexod] 12
automatic; ball-point pen [xodkar]

to be of use [bedrd]
to move; to tremble [tekan] 13
to catch a cold [srma]
to take an oath [qsm]

to drink alcoholic beverages [mrub] 11

that which can be eaten; edible; food [xordn] 14
sauce; stew served with rice [xore]

(
( c
( ac
( r
(
(
( [t

eggplant sauce; same as ra fc [xoree bademjan]

vegetable stew [xoree qorme(h) sbzi]

sun [xorid]
solar; pertaining to the sun [xoridi]
Khuzistan; fertile; oil-rich province in western Iran [xuzestan]
cheerful; pleasant; happy; gay [xo]
of healthy and pleasant climate [xo ab v hva]
Z t [
melodious [xo ahng]
fortunately; luckily [xobxtane(h)]
well-being; prosperity; happiness [xobxti]

Z
sZ
Z
saZdZ
Z
[
Z [

aa
ca
a
oZc
Zc
)rZc* rZc

suicide; self-destruction [xodkoi] 13

food; dish; meal; course (dinner) [xorak] 15

edible; food; meal [xoraki]

to cause to eat; to feed [xorandn (xoran)] 11
to eat; to drink; to consume; to wear away; to
misappropriate [xordn (xor)] 5
to be seen; to come to view [bem] 12
to be of use [bekar]

)rZ* rZ

)c* rac

ac
fc
ra fc
w fi fc
c
wc
rd
f
f
fi

33

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fragrant; aromatic; perfumed [xobu]

handsome [xotip] 3
happy; joyful; glad; delighted [xohal]
having a nice color [xoshrng] 3

)p

f* p

handsome; good-looking [xoshqiyafe(h)] 3

beautiful; pretty; cute [xoshgel] 3

delicious; tasty; savory; palatable [xoshmzze(h)]

pleasure; joy; happiness; gladness [xoshi]
pig; boar; swine; hog [xuk]
blood; bloodline; kinship [xun]
street; avenue [xiaban] 7

Chaharbaq avenue in Isfahan [xiabane harbaq]

cucumber; option [xiar]
tailor; seamstress [xyyat]
dressmaking; sewing; tailoring [xyyati]

) + f*
f
c f
fi f

)sN + f* sN

o
r
r
lc r
c
iN
N
p

fancy; imagination; vision [xial]

Hakim Omar Khayyam, 12th century Persian poet; tentmaker [xyyam] 12

qN

charity; welfare [xyr] 3 ; no

drenched; soaked [xis] 9

[xeyr]

very; many; numerous; plenty [xeyli] 2

maternal uncle; same as Za [da'i] 4

inside; in; interior [daxel] 10

justice; equity; scream; shout; yell [dad] 11
court of justice [dadgah]
to give; to bestow; to donate [dadn (deh)] 5
to water; to irrigate [ab] 10
to continue [edame(h)] 10
to continue one's education [edameye thsil]
to lose [zdst]
to resign [este'fa] 11
to do; to perform; to accomplish [njam] 11
to attach importance [hmiyyt] 12
to attach importance to [be...hmiyyt]

to give a party [parti] 10

to reply; to give an answer [pasox] 10
to return an object to its original owner [ps]
to give advice [pnd v ndrz]
to prefer [trjih] 9
to prefer one thing over another [be...trjih]

to prefer one thing over another [br...trjih]

( [

( NZ
( NZ /// fi
( c
(
(
( dcZ t
(
( /// fi
( ///

Za
Za
aZa
saZa
)sa* raZa
( fiZaZ
( fiZaZ
( a dZ
( Z
( qZ

Bashiri

34

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to form [tshkil]

(
(
( [Z
( [Z /// fi
to inform [xbr]
(
to teach [drs] 6
( eca
to shake hands [dst] 6
( a
to shake hands with [ba...dst]
( a ///
to lose someone [ksira z dst] 11
( a dZ Zc
to order; to give a command [dstur] 12
( ca
to allow to enter; to enroll [rah]
( sZc
to defeat [shekst] 10
(
to put; to place; to locate [qrar] 14
( cZ
to loan [qrz] 13
( h
to promise [qowl]
( p
to listen [gush] 6
( f
to make subject of ... [mowrede ... qrar] 11
( cZ /// ac
to rescue; to save [nejat] 12
( \
to show [neshan]
( r
to give an opinion [nzr]
(
to teach [yad] 6
( a
wealthy; rich; containing; holding [dara]
ZcZa
assets; wealth; possessions [dara'i]
ZcZa
drug; medicine; tonic [daru] 11
tcZa
drugstore; pharmacy [daruxane(h)] 11
fitcZa
Darius the Great, king of Persia (550-486 B.C.) [dariyush] fcZa
to explain [towzih]
to answer; to reply [jvab] 9
to reply to [be...jvab]

Darius III, Iranian king (d. 330 B.C.) who was defeated by Alexander
q fcZa
the Great in 331 B.C. [dariyushe sevvom]
tale; story; fable; anecdote [dastan] 12
rZa
to have; to own; to possess; to keep; to maintain [dashtn (dar)] 5 )cZa*
to be acquainted with [ashna'i]
to need; to be in need of [ehtiyaj] 7
to have a need for [be...ehtiyaj]
to believe in ['e'teqad]
to be possible [emkan]
to depend on [bstegi]

to be responsible for [be'ohde(h)]

to recall; to remember [beyad] 12
to be resolved; to intend to [tsmim]
to be informed [xbr]
to encompass [dr br]
to be in charge of [dr dst]
to be invited to [d'vt]
to lose sight of [dur]
to ignore [znzr dur]
to like [dust] 7

(
( ^Z
( ^Z /// fi
( aZ
( rZ
(
( s
( a
(
(
( ca
( a ca
( \a
( cta
( cta dZ
( ta

Za

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to be in the habit of ['adt]

( \a

to present ['rze(h)] 13
to believe in ['qide(h)] 13
to differ; to be different [frq]

( s
( n
( cZ
( c
( Z
( qd
( p
( r
( b
( fiZt
( fiZt dZ
( at
( rdt
( a

to be located [qrar]
to be busy [kar]

to respect [gerami] 14
to need [lazem] 12
to keep busy [mshqul]

to have guests [mehman]

to exert influence [nofuz]

to be afraid; to be intimidated [vahme(h)] 12

to be afraid of someone [z ksi veheme(h)]
to exist [vojud] 13
to weigh [vzn] 13

to recall; to remember [yad] 6

hot; brand; scar; remorse [daq] 14

bridegroom; son-in-law [damad]

skirt; lap [damn] 11
slope; foothill; scope; amplitude [damne(h)] 8
wise; learned; savant [dana]
sagacity; knowledge; wisdom [dana'i]

to know (about a thing or a subject) [danestn

to deem superior [brtr]
knowledge; wisdom; savvy [danesh] 12

(dan)]

pupil; student (elementary and secondary school)

student (college and university) [daneshju] 6
college; faculty [daneshkde(h)] 11
university [daneshgah] 6
scholar; learned person; savant [daneshmnd]
seed; grain; bead [dane(h)]

[danesh amuz]

11

elementary school; primary school; grade school [dbestan] 11

teacher (high school); secretary; clerk [dbir]
high school; middle school; secondary school [dbirestan] 11
girl; daughter; virgin; lass; damsel [doxtr] 1
girlish; fit for girls [doxtrane(h)] 11
door; gate; lid; cap [dr] 1 ; inside; in; within; at; by [dr] 6
income; revenue [dramd]
long; lengthy; tall [deraz]

royal court [drbar]

about; concerning (usu., with ezafe ) [drbare(h)] 7
gatekeeper; doorkeeper; porter [drban] 11
degree; rank; grade; gauge; measure [drje(h)]
about; approximately [dr hodude] 9
tree [drxt or derxt] 1

lZa
aZa
Za
fiZa
Za
Za
)rZa* Za
(
Za
d Za
) + Za* Za
)s + Za* sZa
)s + Za* sZa
) + Za* Za
fiZa
ra
a
ra
a
fiZa
ca
ca
dZca
cca
)w* scca
)r + ca* rca
fica
at ca
ca

Bashiri

36

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evergreen [drxte hmishe bhar]

pain; ache; trouble; suffering [drd]

to escape; to run away; to shirk; to evade [dr
e.g., pres.: atc ca - wtc ca - qtc ca

rftn (dr rv)]

lesson; lecture; course of study [drs] 6

right; correct; upright; whole; exact [dorost] 7
pertaining to lesson [drsi]
carriage; cab [doroshke(h)]
carriage driver [doroshke(h) i] 11

otherwise [dr qeyre insurt]

threshold; doorway; palace; audience [drgah] 11
passing away; death; demise [drgozsht]
remedy; medicine; cure [drman] 11
hospital; clinic [drmangah] 11
as a result; consequently [dr

ntije(h)]

harvest; reaping [derow]

gate; goal (games) [drvaze(h)]

praise; benediction; timber [dorud]

carpenter [dorudgr] 11
lie; fib; falsehood [doruq] 8

liar; fibber [doruqgu]

inside; interior; in; heart; mind [drun] 13

dervish; mystic; mendicant; poor [drvish]

valley; vale; glen; dale; gorge [drre(h)]
sea [dria] 6
the Caspian Sea [driaye xzr] 6
the Oman Sea [driaye 'omman]

lake; lagoon; pond [driae(h)] 11

window; porthole [drie(h)] 11
to tear; to rip; to cut [dridn (dr)]
thief; robber; stealer; burglar [dozd] 11

fort; fortress; castle; stronghold [dezh]

keeper of a fortress; military patrol [dezhban]
December [desambr]

11

hand; arm; skill; ability; suit; set [dst] 6

handwriting [dstxt]
at least [dste km]
hand and face [dst v ru]
second hand; used [dste dovvom]

washbasin; lavatory [dstshu'i] 11

glove; mitten [dstksh]
apparatus; plant; set; musical division [dstgah]
handkerchief [dstmal] 11
effort; struggle [dst v pa]
incompetent; helpless [bidst v pa]

instructions; direction; order; grammar [dstur] 12

c fi ca
aca
)tc ca* c ca
eca
ca
ca
fica
) + fica* fica
\cZ ca
sca
ca
rca
)s +rca* sca
fi ca
tca
sdZtca
atca
atca
ltca
tca
rtca
tca
sNca
ca
c wca
r wca
fica
fica
)ca* rca
ada
a
ra
a
a
a
a
tc t a
qNta a
a
a
sa
pa
t a
t a
ca

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handle; hilt; bouquet; set; party; group; band [dste(h)] 11

fia
fia fia
fia
a
field keeper; field patrol [dshtban] 11
ra
enemy; foe; adversary [doshmn]
a
animosity; enmity; hostility; antagonism [doshmni]
a
prayer; benediction; blessing [do'a]
a
quarrel; dispute; fight [d'va]
Za
invitation; challenge [d'vt] 9
\a
letter of invitation [d'vtname(h)]
)fi + \a * fia
office; bureau; book; notebook; register [dftr] 9
a
telephone directory [dftre telefon]
a
notebook [dftre(h)] 11
fia
bookkeeper [dftrdar] 11
)Za + a* cZaa
time (once, twice, etc.); instance [df'e(h)] 10
fia
exact; precise; careful; minute [dqiq]
a
exactly; precisely [betowre dqiq]
a c
minute (time); subtlety [dqiqe(h)]
fia
shop; store [dokkan] 9
rNa
shopkeeper; storekeeper [dokkandar] 9
)Za + rNa* cZNa
physician; doctor [doktor] 4
a
doctorate degree [doktora]
Za
button [dokme(h)]
fia
changed; transformed [degrgun]
ra
heart; stomach; courage [del] 11
pa
dollar [dolar] 9
ca
ideal; favorite; desirable [delxah] 9
)Z + pa* sZa
sweetheart [deldar] 11
cZa
valiant; brave; plucky; fearless [dlir]
a
motive; reason; cause [dlil] 11
a
moment; instant; breath [dm]; tail [dom]
qa
Damavand, highest peak (19,000 feet) of the Alborz range [dmavnd]
ta
at the door [dme dr] 9
ca qa
at dawn; daybreak [dme sobh]
qa
democracy [demokrasi]
Za
to blow; to breathe into; to inflate [dmidn (dm)]
)qa* ra
behind; after; rear; tail [donbal] 11
pa
tail; trail; sequel; attachment [donbale(h)]
fia
tooth; fang [dndan] 11
rZa
dentist [dndanpezeshk]
Za
world; cosmos; universe [donia]
a
two; double; deuce; both [do] 2
ta
drug; medicine; potion [dva] 11
Zta
pharmacy; drugstore [dvaxane(h)]
)fi + Zta* fiZta
in groups; in droves [dste(h) dste(h)] 14
bouquet of flowers; bunch of flowers; wreath [dste(h)gol]
plain; field; first money earned on a business day [dsht]

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twelve [dvazdh]

sadZta
adZta
rZta
(dvan)] 12
)rZta* rZta
again; once more; encore [dobare(h)] 8
scta
two by two [dobedo]
t ta
double; twice as much; twofold [dobrabr]
Z ta
dozen [dujin]
ta
bicycle; two-wheeled vehicle [dorxe(h)]
fita
to sow; to stitch [duxtn (duz)]
)dta* ta
smoke; fume; smock [dud]
ata
far; distant; remote; aloof [dur] 6 ; cycle; turn; round; epoch; age [dowr] 13
cta
period of time; age; epoch [dowran] 15 ; rotation; circulation [dvran]
rZcta
field glasses; camera; telescope [durbin] 10
)ra + cta* cta
period; epoch; age; era; time [dowre(h)] 12
scta
friend; associate; mate; comrade; pal [dust] 4
ta
friendship; amity; comradeship [dusti] 11
ta
round trip; two-headed; mutual [dosre(h)]
sta
shoulder; last night; shower [dush]
fta
Monday [doshnbe(h)] 10
fita
girl; lass; maiden; damsel [dushize(h)]
sta
two-story [dotbqe(h)]
fita
bilateral; reciprocal; mutual; two-sided [dotrfe(h)]
fita
drink made from yogurt; carbonated water and salt [duq]
lta
twins [doqolu]
ta
small pantry [dulabe(h)] 11
fita
government; state; wealth [dowlt]
ta
governmental [dowlti]
ta
second; next [dovvom] 9
qNta
the second [dovvomin] 10
Nta
for two people; double [donfre(h)]
sta
to run; to jog [dvidn (dv)] 10
)ta* rta
two hundred [devist] 9
ta
ten [dh] 2 ; village; hamlet [deh] 8
sa
pl. of sa ; villages [dehat]
)\Z + sa* \a
mouth; opening; trap [dhan]
ra
farmer; Iranian family name [dehqan] 6
ra
small village; hamlet [dehkde(h)]
sa
tenth [dhom]
a
diploma; certificate [diplom]
a
graduate; diploma holder [diplome(h)]
fia
to see; to behold [didn (bin)] 8
)* ra
upon seeing [bemhze didne]
ra
worth seeing; paying a visit [didni]
a
late; tardy; slow [dir] 9
a
2

twelfth [dvazdhom]
running [dvan]
to cause to run [dvandn

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yesterday

[diruz]

last night [dishb] 8

dictator [diktator]
dictation; command [dikte(h)]

pot; cauldron; boiler [dig] 13

other; else; any longer; no longer [digr] 8
religion; creed; faith [din] 11
dinar; a gold coin [dinar]
dynamite [dinamit]
religious [dini]
demon; fiend [div]

wall [divar] 12
complete works (poetry); tribunal court [divan]
Supreme Court [divane 'aliye tmiz]
mad; insane; crazy [divane(h)]

essence; nature; substance [zat]

in essence; by nature [zatn]

reserve; stockpile; saving [zxire(h)]

corn; maize [zorrt]

unit of length, equals 41 inches [zr']

particle; atom; speck; wee; tiny [zrre(h)]
magnifying glass; microscope [zrre(h)bin]

14

charcoal [zoqal]
melt; melting; liquefaction [zowb]
steel mill [karxaneye zowbe
talent; aptitude; taste [zowq]
mind; memory [zehn]

dta
a
ca
fia
a
a
a
ca
a
a
a
cZa
rZa
rZa
fiZa

ahn]

boss; director; manager; head [r'is or re'is] 4

president (of a republic) [r'ise jomhur] 12
suffix indicating the definite direct object of the verb [ra] 10
liaison; intermediary; go-between [rabet]
liaison; connection; link; relation [rabete(h)]
report [raport]
referring; returning [raje']
concerning; regarding; with respect to [raje' be]

\Zb
Zb
sb
\Ncb
kcb
sNcb
sNcb
pb
[tb
[tb fic
ntb
b

c
c
c c
Zc
Zc
fiZc
\Zc
Zc
fi Zc

Bashiri

40

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comfortable; easy; convenient [raht]

comfort; rest; ease [rahti]
radar [radar]
radio [radiyo] 9

secret; mystery [raz]

straight; right; erect; honest; truth [rast]

Is that right? Really? [rast migu'i]

truth; honesty; really? by the way [rasti]
satisfied; contented; pleased; gratified; appeased [razi]
Ramsar, resort area on the Caspian shore [ramsr]
thigh; leg [ran]
to drive; to conduct; to expel [randn (ran)]
driving; piloting [ranndegi]
driver; chauffeur; pilot [rannde(h)] 11
way; road; route; highway; method [rah] 6
railroad; railway [rahe ahn]
hallway; corridor; lobby [rahrow]

12

leader; usher; guide; directory [rahnema] 13

guidance; leadership [rahnema'i] 13
vote; ballot; counsel; opinion; verdict [ra'y]

quarter; one-fourth [rob']

to kidnap; to steal; to hijack; to seize [robudn

(roba)]

report (news); reporting [reportazh]

bedding; bed-clothes [rxtexab]
refusal; disapproval; denial; giving; trace; footprint [rdd]
parade; procession [rzhe(h)]
regime; diet [rezhim]

thesis; dissertation [resale(h)]

doctoral dissertation [resaleye doktora]
to (cause to) reach; to deliver (mail) [resandn (resan)] 12
to cause something to reach someone; to deliver [be...]
to kill someone; to murder [beqtl] 14
medium; means [rsane(h)]
to cause to reach [resanidn (resan)]

Rustam; mythical hero of Ferdowsi's Book of Kings [rostm]

restaurant [resturan] 4
custom; rite; convention; formality; drawing [rsm]
official; formal; customary [rsmi] 13
pl. of c ; customs; ceremonies [rosum] 11
to reach; to arrive; to ripen [rsidn (rs)] 9
to be heard [begush]
to reach the limit; to reach the end [bemontha]
to seem; to appear [benzr]
to meet; to come together; to unite [behm]
ripe; mature; mellow [rside(h)]

Zc
Zc
cZaZc
aZc
dZc
Zc
Zc
Zc
Zc
Zc
rZc
)rZc* rZc
Zc
sZc
sZc
sZc
tZc
)ra + sZc * Zc
Zc
wZc
c
)c * rac
cc
[Zc
Nac
sc
c
fic
Za fic
)rc * rc
( /// fi
(
fic
)rc* rc
c
rZcc
c
c
qc
)ec * rc
( f
(
(
(
sc

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Rasht, city in northern Iran [rsht]

field (knowledge); course (study); string; thread [reshte(h)]

12

Reza, first name (male) 1; consent; resignation (to the will of God) [reza]
Reza'i, Iranian family name [reza'i] 7
to go; to depart; to wear out; to take after; to fade [rftn
to be lost [zdst]
to ascend; to increase (price) [bala]

(rv)]

to fall asleep [bexab]

to walk [piyade(h)] 9

to walk [rah] 6
to make progress; to be on the rise [ru betrqqi]
to die at childbirth [sre za] 13
to set (sun) [foru]
to forget [yad]

to sweep; to broom; to wipe [roftn

(rub)]
traffic; coming and going [rft v amd]
friend; comrade; pal [rfiq]
dance; dancing [rqs]
to dance [rqsidn (rqs)] 10
stirrup; pedal; running-board [rekab]
part; role (acting); steering wheel [rol]
novel [roman]
mystery; code; secret [rmz]
color; paint; tone [rng] 3
multicolored; variegated [rngarng]
pale; wan; pallid [rng pride(h)]
colorful; in color [rngi] 5
rainbow [rngin kman]
on top (of) [ru(ye)] 6
face; surface; side (record); reason [ru] 11
relations; contacts; dealings [rvabet] 11

soul; spirit; psyche; fluent; running (water); flowing [rvan] 11

psychologist [rvanshenas] 11
psychology [rvanshenasi] 11
fox [rubah]
ready; prepared [ruberah] 14
opposite; vis--vis; face to face; across [ruberu] 4
ghost; specter; apparition; spook; soul; psyche; spirit
river; waterway [rud]
river [rudxane(h)] 11
Rudaki, Persian poet (859-940) [rudki] 15
day; time; period [ruz] 8
daily; per day; per diem [ruzane(h)] 11
time; age; fortune; opportunity [ruzgar]
newspaper; diary; log [ruzname(h)] 8

[ruh]

( a dZ
(
( [Z
( sa
( sZc
( tc
( Zd
( t
( a

c
fic
c
c
)tc * c

)[tc * c
t c
c
c
)c * rc
[c
pc
rc
c
c
cc
s c
c
r c
)w* tc
tc
Ztc
rZtc
rZtc * eZtc
Ztc
stc
sZtc
ttc
_tc
atc
fiatc
atc
dtc
fiZdtc
cdtc
fidtc

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newspaper seller

[ruzname(h)forush]

newspaper stall; selling newspapers [ruzname(h)

fast (religion); fasting [ruze(h)] 13
daily bread (allotted by God) [ruzi]
once upon a time [ruzi
rouge; blush [ruzh]

forushi]

bud v ruzegari bud]

Russia; Russian [rus]

Russian [rusi] 5
Russia [rusiyye(h)] 3

method; way; procedure; course [rvesh]

lighted; lit; clear; illuminated [rowshn]

13

intellectual; enlightened person [rowshnfekr]

garden; sermon [rowze(h)]
oil; fat; grease [rowqn] 14
oil container [rowqndan] 14

oil seller [rowqn forush] 14

Rome; Anatolia; Byzantium [rum]

13

copy; transcript [runevesht]

face; surface [ruy]
altogether; on the whole; generally [ruyehmrfte(h)]
leader; guide; mentor [rhbr]
Ray, ruins of an ancient city south of Tehran [rey]
directorship; chairmanship [riyast]
mathematical [riyazi]
Rial, Iranian unit of money [riyal]
shape; built; looks [rixt]
to pour; to spill; to cast [rixtn

(riz)]

to plan; to project [trh] 12

string; cord; twine; thread [risman]
beard; whisker [rish]
bearded; [rishu]

10

root; frill; origin [rishe(h)]

pebble; gravel; sand [rig]
rhubarb [rivas]
lung [riye(h)]

to give birth; to spawn [za'idn (za)] 13

farmer; peasant; cultivator [zare']
pl. of kcZd ; farmers [zare'in]
knee; elbow; joint [zanu]

14

ft fidtc
t fidtc
sdtc
wdtc
a wcdtc t a wdtc
tc
etc
tc
fiN tc
ftc
tc
tc
fitc
tc
rZtc
ft tc
qtc
tc
wtc
fitc
c
wc
c
c
pc
c
)c * c
( _
rc
c
c
fic
c
eZc
fic

d
)Zd * rZd
kcZd
cZd
Zd

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Zahedan, city in SE Iran [zahedan] 9

maternity ward [zayeshgah] 11

Zayandeh river, flows south of Isfahan [zaynderud] 10
tongue; language; vernacular [zban] 6
in what manner [ba e zbani]
linguist [zban shenas] 11

linguistics [zban shenasi] 11

trouble; labor; drudgery; toil; hardship [zhmt] 10
it's not worth the trouble [bezhmtsh nemirzd]
no trouble at all! [hi
wound; sore [zxm]

zhmti nist]

wounded; injured [zxmi] 11

to hit; to strike; to beat [zdn (zn)]
to set fire to [atsh] 14

to iron [otu]

to substitute deceitfully; to cheat [ja]

to bargain [ane(h)] 6
to doze off [ort]
to speak [hrf] 6
to shout [dad] 11

to knock [dr] 13
to rise (sun); to visit unexpectedly [sr]
to call [seda] 14
to wear glasses ['eynk] 13
to walk; to stroll [qdm]
to tie a knot [gereh]
to flirt [las]

14

to type [mashin]
to brush (teeth) [mesvak] 11
to play the flute [ney] 12
to polish [vaks] 12

gold; money [zr]

agriculture; farming [zera't]
yellow; pale [zrd] 3
apricot [zrdalu] 15
Zoroaster [zrdosht]
Zoroastrian [zrdoshti]

13

goldsmith [zrgr]
clever; nimble; astute; cunning; shrewd [zrng] 11
ugly; homely; inelegant [zesht] 3
saffron [z'fran]
chief; spokesman; lord; leader [z'im]
charcoal [zoqal]
coal [zoqale sng]
head cold [zokam]

rZZd
sZd
atc sZd
rd
d fi
ed
d
d
adcZ
d
d
d
)rd* rad
(
( Z
(
( fi
( \
( m
( aZa
( ca
(
( Z
(
( q
( s
( e
(
( oZ
(
( Zt
cd
Zcd
acd
acd
acd
acd
cd
cd
d
rZd
d
pd
pd
qd

Bashiri

44

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earthquake [zelzele(h)]

rein; bridle [zemam] 11

time; season; era; age; tense (grammar) [zman]
winter [zemestan]

earth; ground; land; terrain; field; court (sports) [zmin] 10

playground [zmine bazi] 12
basketball court [zmine bsketbal]
tennis court [zmine tenis] 10
geologist [zminshenas] 11
geology [zminshenasi] 11
football field [zmine futbal]

volleyball court [zmine valibal]

woman; wife; spouse; mate [zn] 4
pertaining to women; womanly; feminine [znane(h)]

[znbur]
prison; jail [zendan] 12
jailer [zendanban] 11
life; lifetime; existence [zendegi] 6
living; alive; gay; vivacious [zende(h)]
bell; chime [zng]
pair; couple; double; spouse [zowj]
early; quick; quickly; promptly [zud] 10
as soon as possible [hr e zudtr]
force; strength; might [zur] 10
traditional Iranian gymnasium [zurxane(h)] 11
powerful; strong [zurmnd] 11
poison; venom [zhr]
too much; excessive amount [ziyad] 9
surplus; excess; spare [ziyadi]
loss; injury [ziyan]
beautiful; elegant [ziba] 3
beauty; elegance [ziba'i]
under; bottom; following; shrill; high-keyed [zir] 7
because [zira]
undershirt; slip [zirpirahn]
submarine [zirdrya'i]
inferior; subordinate; underling [zirdst]
basement; cellar [zirzmin]
underpants; drawers [zirshlvar]
astute; clever; smart; shrewd [zirk]
mutter [zire lb]
to live [zistn (zi)] 15
saddle [zin]
Zaynab (Khanom); first name (female) [zeynb xanom]
decoration; embellishment [zint]
ornament; jewelry [zivr]
bee; wasp

10

fid
qd
rd
rd
d
wd d
p d
d
e d
d
p d
pZt d
rd
fid
cd
rZd
rZd
d
sd
d
^td
atd
atd fi
ctd
fictd
ctd
d
ad
wad
rd
d
d
d
Zd
Zd
cad
a d
dd
cZ d
od
d
)wd* d
d
)* d
d
cd

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[zhapon]
Japanese [zhaponi]

Z
Z
Z
fiZ
qcZZ
wcZZ
fiZ

mc

s
pZ

st

Japan

jacket; sweater; pullover [zhakt]

Zhaleh, first name (female); dew [zhale(h)]

gendarme [zhandarm]
gendarmerie [zhandarmeri]

January [zhanviye(h)]
chips; jetton [zheton]

deep; profound [zhrf]

gesture; comportment [zhest]
gelatin; jelly [zhelatin]

[zhende(h)]
general (army) [zheneral]
Geneva [zhenev]
dishevelled [zhulide(h)]
gigolo [zhigolo]
Zhila, first name (female) [zhila]
gymnastics [zhimnastik]
shabby; tattered

e
beach; shore [sahel] 11
building; composition; structure [saxteman] 11
to build; to construct [saxtn

(saz)]

to inform [baxbr]
to connect [mottsel]
to join; to connect [mrbut]
to fortify [mosthkm]

to publish [monter]
simplicity; lack of sophistication
simple; plain [sade(h)] 11
caravan driver [sareban] 11

[sadegi]

(
( N
( i
(
(

organization [sazman]
Sasan, first name (male); founder of the Sassanian dynasty [sasan] 2
Sassanian [sasani]
Sassanians, Iranian dynasty 3rd to 7th centuries AD [Sasanian] 12
hour; time; watch; clock [sa't] 2
silent; quiet [saket] 14
Be quiet! [saket ba] 14
year; age [sal] 5

r
)d*

a
sa
rc
rd
r

" f
p

Bashiri

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end of the year [axre

sal]

beginning of the year [sre sal]

middle of the year [vste sal]
next year [sale digr] 8
annual(ly); year(ly) [salane(h)] 11
aged; old [salxorde(h)] 11
anniversary [salgrd]
healthy; well; sound; safe [salem]
aged; adult [salmnd] 11
auditorium; hall [salon]
calendar; yearbook [salname(h)]

13

annual; yearly [saliane(h)]

the Samanids, first native dynasty after the Arab conquest of Iran and
introduction of Islam (819-999 A.D.) [samanian] 15
centimeter [santimetr]
sandwich [sandovi / sanduvi]
censorship; government control [sansur]
SAVAK; the Iranian secret police under the Shah [savak] 12
lean-to; parasol; bower [sayeban]
the rest; other; remainder [sayer] 12

shade; shadow; protection; aegis [saye(h)]

cause; source; reason; motive [sbb]
basket; pannier [sbd]

green; verdant [sbz] 3

lentil or barley sprouts used in Now Ruz display (see comprehension);
dark complexion [sbze(h)] 14
fresh vegetables; greenness; vegetation [sbzi] 9
fresh; edible vegetables [sbziye xordn]

greengrocer [sbziforu]
greengrocer's shop; selling vegetables [sbziforui]
light; not heavy; disrespectful [sbok]; style; fashion; method [sbk]
water jug; pitcher [sbu]
mustache [sebil]; way; road; cause [sbil]
one who wears a mustache [sebilu]
gratitude; thanks [sepas]
host; army [sepah]
September [septambr]
to deposit; to entrust [sepordn (sepor
then; afterwards; thereafter [seps] 1 1

or separ)]

star; heavenly body; asterisk [setare(h)]

worship; praise; adoration [setaye]
tyranny; oppression; abuse [setm]
oppressed; injured; persecuted [setmdide(h)]
tyrant; oppressor [setmkar]
oppressor; cruel [setmgr]
pillar; column; army corps

[sotun]

p
p
p t
a p
fi
sac
a

fi
fi
r

t
c
oZt
r

fi

s
w
rac w
ft w
t w

e
s

)c D* ra

sc

s
c

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dawn; daybreak; twilight [shr] 13 ; witchcraft; sorcery; spell [sehr]

early riser; early bird [shrxiz]
early rising [shrxizi]
meal taken before daybreak during the fast of Ramadhan [shri]
difficult; hard; rigid; laborious [sxt] 9
hard to destroy; diehard [sxtjan]

uncompromising; exacting; severe; a taskmaster [sxtgir]

difficulty; hardship; hardness [sxti] 10
speech; word; conversation [soxn]
lecturer; speaker; orator [soxnran]
lecture; speech; address; discourse [soxnrani]

w
13
w

)rZc + * rZ
Z
N

barrier; obstacle; dike; dam [sdd]

secret; mystery [serr]; head; chief; lid; on; at; cap [sr] 11; (with the ezafe ) beginning of; at;

sharp (telling time) [sre] 13

standing [sre pa]
I
at the beginning of the year [sre sal]
at the beginning of the night [sre b]
at the table [sre miz]

soldier; private (army); jack (playing cards) [srbaz]

barracks [srbazxane(h)] 11

uphill [srbala'i]
supervisor; manager; superintendent; guardian [srprst]
lid; cap; cover [srpu]
to disobey [srpiidn (srpi)]
e.g., pres. : -
red; flushed (face) [sorx]
fried [sorx krde(h)]
redness [sorxi]

cold; cool; indifferent; civil [srd]

commander (army) [srdar] 11

headache; trouble [srdrd]

coldness; frigidity [srdi]
to catch in the act; to arrive unexpectedly [srrsidn
e.g.,pres. : - -
country; land; region; area [srzmin]
green; lush; prosperous [srsbz]
founder of a dynasty [srselsele(h)]
cancer (disease); crab [srtan]
speed; velocity; rapidity [sor't]
cough(ing) [sorfe(h)]
vinegar [serke(h)]
entertainment; amusement; hobby [srgrmi]
coldness; chill; frigidity [srma]
one who has caught a cold [srmaxorde(h)]
capital [srmaye(h)]

(srrs)]

pI
I
I
) +* d
fid

f
) * r
`
sa `

a
cZa
aca
wa
)ec * rc
d

fi
r

fi
fi

sac
fi

Bashiri

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capitalist

[srmaye(h)dar]

capitalism [srmaye(h)dari]
bayonet [srneyze(h)]
cypress tree [srv]

anthem; hymn; song; ditty; ballad [sorud]

noise; uproar; commotion; racket [sr v seda]
service; check up; set (tea); tip [servis]
classified; secret; mysterious; esoteric [serri]
serial; episodic [serial]
swift; fast; prompt [sri'] 12
weak; feeble; loose; lethargic [sost]
weakness; feebleness; sluggishness [sosti]
area; surface [sth]
line (composition) [str]

[s'adt]
prosperous; blissful; happy [s'adtmnd]
prosperity; happiness; bliss

Saadi, Persian poet born in Shiraz (1213-1292 A.D.) [s'di]

Sa'id, first name (male); auspicious [s'id]
embassy [sefart]
embassy building [sefartxane(h)]
order; recommendation [sefare]
registered (mail); made to order [sefarei]
hard; tight; firm; firmly; violently [seft]
journey; expedition [sfr]
book of travels [sfrname(h)]

tablecloth [sofre(h)]
New Year display (see comprehension) [sofreye
white; fair (skin); blank [sefid]
whitesmith [sefidgr]
whiteness [sefidi] 3
ambassador [sfir]
ceiling [sqf]
(free) fall; crash [soqut]

'eyd]

14

heart attack; pause; stoppage [skte(h)]

platform; built-in bench [skku]
silence; quietude; stillness [sokut]
tranquility; calmness [sokun]
coin [sekke]

dog; cur [sg] 11

tuberculosis [sel]
Saljuq dynasty; Turkish dynasty of the 12th century [slajeqe(h)]
hello; peace [slam]
same as q ; response to q [slam 'lykom]
the Saljuq dynasty; same as fi [sljuqian]
dynasty; chain (mountains); series [selsele(h)] 12
sultan; medieval Turkish ruler [soltan]

13

cZa fi
wcZa fi
s
t
at
Zt
t
wN
p

\a
a
w

\c
fic
fc
c

)fi +* fi
s
s

i
fi
N
\
r
fiN

I
fi
q
q
r
fi
r

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reign; monarchy; kingship [sltnt]

regal; royal; magnificent [sltnti]
taste (fashion); style [sliqe(h)]
hoof [som]; poison [smm]

sumac [somaq]
samovar; a metal urn for heating water

[smavr]

electric samovar [smavre brqi] 9

samovar manufacturing shop [smavrsazi] 9
direction; way [smt]; capacity; position [semt]
Samarkand, city in East Uzbek S.S.R. [smrqnd]
juice of germinating wheat and flour used in Now Ruz display [smnu]
stage; scene [sen]; age (people) [senn]; the Seine river in Paris [sen]
senator [senator]
hyacinth [sonbol]
squirrel [snjab]

wild olive; jujube or Chinese dates used in Now Ruz display [senjed]
rock; stone; weight [sng] 11
turtle; tortoise [sngpot] 11
a kind of bread baked on heated pebbles [sngk]
heavy; burdensome; weighty [sngin] 11
weight; heaviness; gravity [sngini] 12
the Sunni branch of Islam [sonni] 13

direction; side [su] 11

evil; bad; mal- [su']
pl. of Z ; shores; coasts; beaches [svahel]

literacy; ability to read and write; copy [svad]

riding; rider [svar] 8

12

question; interrogation [so'al]

broth; soup [sup]
to burn; to consume [suxtn (suz)]
profit; interest; gain; benefit [sud] 11
profitable; useful [sudmnd] 11
hole; aperture; cavity; pit [surax] 11
to burn [suzandn (suzan)] 12
needle [suzn]
subject matter; theme [sue(h)] 11
catchup [sus]
third [sevvom] 10
the third [sevvomin] 10
three [se(h)] 2
tricycle [serxe(h)]
Tuesday [senbe(h)] 10
thirty [si] 8
diplomacy; politics [siast]

Book of Government by Nizam al-Mulk

[siyast name(h)]

15

fi

n
ct
ct
wd ct

Y
Z
aZ
cZ
pZ
~
)d*
a
a
`Zc
)rZd* rZd
rd
s
e
qN
N
fi
fi fi
fi fi

fi

Bashiri

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politician; statesman; diplomat [siastmdar]

political; diplomatic [siasi]
black; gloomy; dismal; negro [sia(h)] 3
blackness; darkness [siahi]

11

apple [sib] 4
potato [sibzmini]

skewer; poker; erect [six]

a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad [seyyed]
garlic; weight measurement unit; full; not hungry [sir]
thirteen [sizd(h)] 7
thirteenth day of Farvardin (see comprehension) [sizd(h)
system; plan; method [sistem]
three hundred [sisd] 9
end of the ninth grade inIranian secondary schools [sikl]
cigarette

[sigar]

flood; deluge; torrent [seyl]

silo [silu]

slap; box on the ear [sili]

wire; filament; silver [sim]
mien; visage; appearance [sima]

cement; concrete [siman]

phoenix; legendary bird with special powers [simorq]
cinema [sinema or
chest; breast; bosom
tray; platter [sini]

sinma]
[sine(h)]

bedr]

14

cZ

sa
c sa

r
l

fi

f
Shapour, first name (male) [apur]
horn (animal); branch (tree); fragment [ax]

branch (tree); ramification; offshoot [axe(h)]

happy; glad; merry; pleased [ad]
happiness; pleasure; merriment [adi]
joyfully; making merry; happily [adi konan]
charlatan [arlatan]

14

poet; lyricist; bard [a'er]

pupil; disciple; student; assistant; apprentice [agerd]
conductor; assistant driver [agerd(e) ufer]
apprenticeship; discipleship [agerdi]
scarf; sash; shawl [al]
scarf [ale grdn or algrdn]
dinner; night time; city of Damascus [am]
champagne [ampani]
sixteen [anzdh] 7

c
`
fi
a
wa
r wa
rc

a
a
wa
p
ra
q

sa

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[anzdhom]

a
fi
s
fi
witness; beautiful woman; handsome boy [ahed]

autobahn; thoroughfare; highway [ahrah]

sZ
prince [ahzade(h)] 11
saZ
Shahsavan, Iranian family name (lit., who likes the king) [ahsvn] 6
r
Shah Abbas, the outstanding Safavid Shah (1571-1629 A.D.) [ah 'bbas]
eN s
masterpiece; magnum opus [ahkar]
c
Book of Kings of Ferdowsi [ahname(h)]
fi
king of kings [ahnah]
s
O King! [ahnaha]

kingship; sovereignty; a Persian coin [ahi]

royal falcon [ahin]

perhaps; maybe [ayd] 9

hearsay; rumor; gossip [aye'e(h)]

fi
night; evening [b] 8

nightly; by night; nocturnal [bane(h)] 11

fi
24 hours; a day and a night [baneruz]
dtc fi
resemblance; likeness; similarity [baht] 11

good night! [b bexeyr] 8

Thursday; the eve of Friday; same as fi [be jom'e] 10
fi
last Tuesday of the year [be har nbe(h) suri] 14
wc fic
get-together to pass the evening; soiree [bneini]

Shabnam, first name (female); dew [bnm] 1

camel [otor]

bravery; courage [oja't] 10

person; individual; character [xs] 14

personally; in person [xsn]

private; personal; civilian [xsi] 10

individuality; personality [xsiyyt]

N
to become [odn (v)] 5
)* r
to melt [ab]
( [
to become pregnant [abestn]
(
to become acquainted [ana or aena] 8
(
e.g.,pres.: a - w - q
to start; to begin [aqaz]
( d
to become ready [amade(h)] 14
( sa
to be employed [estexdam]
( qZZ
to be used [estefade(h)] 11
( saZ
to make use of something [z...estefade(h)]
( saZ /// dZ
to be increased [fzude(h)]
( satZ
to be dedicated [ehda']
( ZZ
to be opened; to open [baz] 9
( d
sixteenth

comb; loader (rifle) 11; shoulder [ane(h)] 12

king; monarch; title of kings of Iran [ah]
kingly; regal; royal; fit for a king [ahane(h)]

Bashiri

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to become fortunate; bring luck to life

[baz odne bxt] 14
to open into [be...baz]
to retire [bazneste(h)]

( r d
( d /// fi
( fid
to instigate; to cause [ba'es]
(
to be the cause of something [ba'ese...]
( ///
to become pregnant [be(h)dar] 13
( cZa fiN
to grow up [bozorg] 9
( c
to be closed [bste(h)] 14
( fi
to get up; to rise; to grow (tall) [bolnd]
(
to endure; to remain (in an uncomfortable situation) [bnd]
(
to be explained [bian]
( r
to wake up [bidar] 10
( cZ
to have a flat tire [pnr]
(
to get off (a car, etc.) [piade(h)] 9
( sa
to get off of something; dismount [z...piyade(h)]
( sa /// dZ
to be taught [tdris] 12
( c
to sour [tor / toro]
( f
to be formed [tkil]
(
to be closed [t'til] 9
(
to be divided [tqsim]
(
to be finished [tmam] 8
( q
to be a loss to [bezrre tmam]
( q c
to become dislocated; to move from place to place [jabeja]
(
to be compensated for [jobran]
( rZ
to be separated; disjointed; alone [joda]
( Z
to be severed (from a joint) [(zbnd) joda]
( Z dZ
to meet; to accumulate; to gather [jm'] 13
(
to slip away; to run away [jim]
(
to be obtained [hasel] 12
(
to be prepared; to be(come) ready [hazer] 11
(
to leave; to get out [xarej] 11
( ^c
to leave a place [z...xarej]
( ^c /// dZ
to be informed [xbr]
(
to be out of order; to be ruined [xrab] 12
( [Z
to be smashed [xord]
( a
to be drowned; to be choked [xffe(h)] ( fiN
to become happy [xohal] 8
( p
to become wet [xis] 9
(
to be established [da'er]
( Za
to be seen [dide(h)]
( sa
to pass; to cross [rd] 9
( ac
to pass by a place [z...rd]
( ac /// dZ
to come face to face; to encounter [ruberu]
( ttc
to come face to face with[ba...ruberu]
( ttc ///
to be made [saxte(h)]
( fi

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to inhabit; to settle [saken]

(
( dZ
(
( cZ
to ride or mount something [svare...]
( /// cZ
to be satisfied; to be full [sir]
(
to be happy [ad]
( a
to begin [oru'] 10
( kt
to burst into flames [o'le(h)vr] 14
( ct fi
to become industrialized [sn'ti]
(
to fall in love ['aeq]
(
to be(come) angry ['sbani]
(
to change ['vz] 11
( h
to graduate [fareqotthsil] 12
( NZ lc
to graduate from [z...fareqotthsil]
( NZ lc /// dZ
to escape [frari]
( wcZ
to hide [qayem] 11
(
to be accepted [qbul] 12
( p
to be sown; to be planted [kate(h)]
( fi
to be killed [kote(h)]
( fi
to decrease; to become less [km] 14
(
to be lost [gom]
(
to note; to turn to; to address [motvjje(h)] 14
( fi
to be born [motvlled]
(
to be forced [mjbur] 11
( c
to bother; to irritate; to be an annoyance [mozahem] 8
( Z
to bother someone [mozaheme...]
( /// Z
to get busy [mqul] 9
( p
to get busy doing something [mqule...]
( /// p
to be known [m'lum]
( q
to be published [monter]
(
to wait [montzer] 14
(
to be transferred [montqel] 11
(
to end (in) [monthi]
(
to achieve; to attain; same as [na'el]
(
to descend [nazel] 13
( pd
to lament [nalan]
( r
to be named [namide(h)]
( s
to attain; to achieve; asme as [nayel]
(
to draw near; to approach [nzdik]
( a
to be written [nevete(h)]
( fi
to enter [vared] 9
( acZt
to enter a place [varede...]
( /// acZt
to be capsized [vagun] 13
( rZt
to be joined; to be connected [vsl
]( t
to descend [srazir]
to founder [sqt]
to ride [svar] 8

Bashiri

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to accompany

[hmrah]

to be found [yaft]

evil [rr]
wine [rab]

honorable; noble; dignified [eraftmnd]

pl. of i ; terms; conditions [rayet]
sweet drink; sherbet; tonic [rbt]
description; explanation [rh]
biography [rhe zendegi]
condition; term; wager [rt]
religious law; canon [r']
honor; dignity; esteem [rf]
east; the Orient [rq] 12
Oriental; eastern [rqi] 11
firm; company [erkt]

11

beginning; outset; outbreak [oru'] 10

the Shari'a; the Islamic religious law [ri't]
noble; respectable; aristocrat [rif]
associate; partner; mate [rik]
thumb [st]
bathing; washing [ostou]
to wash [ostn (uy)] 10
e.g., pres. : a
six [e] 2 ; lung [o]
six hundred [esd]

- w - q

the sixth [eom]

sixty [st] 8

chess [trnj] 14
branch; subdivision; department [o'be(h)]
poetry; verse [e'r]
pl. of ; poets [o'ra]
flame; blaze [o'le(h)]
intelligence; instinct; common sense [o'ur]
jackal [oqal]
occupation; job; profession; calling [oql]
healing; treatment; remedy; cure [fa]
mediation; intercession [fa't]
transparent [ffaf]

oral; verbal; word of mouth [fahi]

doubt; mistrust; skepticism; suspicion [kk]
prey; game; victim [ekar]
hunter [ekari]
complaint; grievance [ekayt]
sugar [ekr] 10 ; appreciation; gratitude [okr]
sugar canister [ekrdan]
defeat; failure [ekst]

( sZ
(

N
[Z
Z
Z

_
d _
i
k
m
n

kt

)*

fi

Z
fi
c
p

N
c
c

rZa

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to break; [ekstn (ekn)]

broken [ekste(h)]
shape; form; figure [ekl]
chocolate [okolat]

blossom; bloom [ekufe(h)]

pomp; glory; splendor [okuh]

lame; crippled [l]; loose; soft; feeble [ol]

scourge; lash; whip [llaq]
pants; trousers [lvar] 11
crowded; confused [oluq] 7
confusion; crowd; noise [oluqi]

you (pl. or sing. polite) [oma] 1

number (telephone); edition (newspaper) [omare(h)]
north; breeze [omal] 8

[omordn (omar)]
enunciated; distinct [omorde(h)]
the sun [ms]
solar [msi]
boxtree [emad]
sword; cutlass; saber [mir] 14
Shamshiri, name of a restaurant in Tehran [miri] 9
candle; spark-plug [m']
candlestick; candle holder [m'dan] 11
gravel; sand [en] 11
swimming [ena] 9
to recognize; to know; to be acquainted with [enaxtn (enas)]
swimmer [enagr] 11
Saturday [nbe(h)] 10
listener; auditor; hearer [envnde(h)]
to hear [nidn (nv)] 12
audible; interesting [nidni]
joke; trick; wisecrack [uxi]
salty [ur]
assembly; council [owra]
driver; chauffeur [ufer] 4
sinister; ominous [um]
husband; spouse; mate [owhr] 4
martyrdom [hadt]
formula of the Islamic faith [klmeye hadt]
Shahbaz, Iranian family name [hbaz] 10
pl. of ; martyrs [ohda] 11
city; town; month [hr] 7
police headquarters [hrebani or hrbani]
fame; renown; rumor [ohrt] 10
mayor [hrdar] 11
to count; to calculate

)*
fi

\
fi
s

nN
cZ
n

sc
p
)c* ra
sa

)rZa + * rZ

)e*

fi
s
)* r

c
Zc

\a
\a fi
d
Z

\
cZa

Bashiri

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municipality

[hrdari]

township [hrestan]
city dweller; citizen [hr
citizen [hrvnd]

nein]

Shahrivar, sixth month of the solar year; it has 31 days [hrivr]

tuition [hriyye(h)]
Shahsavar, resort town on the Caspian
Shahla, first name (female) [hla]
lust; passion [hvt]
voluptuous [hvtprst]
martyr [hid]

[hsvar]

well-known; famous; popular [hir] 10

bugle; trumpet; horn [eypur]
bugler; trumpeter [eypuri]
learned man; chieftain [eyx]
lion; milk [ir]
(water)tap; faucet

[ire ab]

Shiraz, city in Fars province in southern Iran

sweet; sugared (tea); attractive [irin]
sweets; sweetness; cookie [irini] 11

[iraz]

confectioner [irini foru] 11

confectioner's shop; bakery; selling sweets [irini

forui]

11

glass (pane); bottle [ie(h)]

Satan; the devil; naughty (children) [eytan]
knock on wood! (similar context as in English) [gue eytan kr]
Shi'ite; a member of the Shi'a sect of Islam [i'e(h)]
enticed; enamored; fond [ifte(h)]
smart; stylish; chic [ik]
Chicago [ikago] 12
chemistry [imi]
method; manner; style [ive(h)]
neighing [ihe(h)]

soap; detergent [sabun] 2

owner; master [sahb / saheb]
landlord [sahebxane(h)] 10

13

wcZa
r
) +*
t
c
fiN
cZ

\
\

c
c

[
dZ

ft
t
fi
r
r f
fi
fi

s
fi

10

exports [saderat]
honest; truthful; sincere [sadeq]
pure; smooth; level; clear; even [saf]
morning [sobh] 9
breakfast; in the morning [sobhane(h)] 9
patience; tolerance; endurance [sbr] 9

conversation; discussion; chat; talk [sohbt] 6

desert; field; wilderness [shra]

fi
\Zca
na
m

fi

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nomad; one who dwells in the desert [shra

nein]

leading a nomadic life; living in the desert [shra neini]

stage; scene; arena [shne(h)] 13
rock; boulder [sxre(h)]
one hundred [sd] 9
sound; voice; noise [seda] 6

shell [sdf]
export; emission; issuance [sodur]
abandonment; giving up; waiving [srfenzr] 10
queue; line; row; rank [sf]
serenity; sincerity; clarity [sfa] 11
quality; attribute; manner [seft]
record (music); page (book); area [sfhe] 10
zero; naught; cipher [sefr] 2
peace; tranquility; serenity [solh]

sincerely; hearty; sincere [smimane(h)]

sincere; cordial; genuine [smimi]

chair; seat (car) [sndli] 4

back seat (of a car) [sndliye 'qab] 10
box; chest; locker; trunk [snduq] 11
industry; art; craft [sn't]
industrial [sn'ti]

sound; voice [sowt]

face; portrait; form; image [surt] 3
bill; statement of account; check [surthesab]
pink (color); light red [surti]
mystic; a Sufi [sufi]
hunter; fisherman [syyad]
prey [seyd]

10

guarantor; safety (gun); bail [zamen]

damaged; spoiled; wasted [zaye']
tape recorder [zbte sowt]
thickness [zexamt]
thick; bulky [zxim]
opposite; contrary; hostile [zedd]

shock proof [zedde zrbe(h)]

opposition; hostility; enmity [zeddiyyt]
beating; battery; mintage; drum [zrb]
proverb; maxim; saying [zrbolmsl]
palpitation; throbbing; pulse [zrban]
blow; slap [zrbt]

11

Z
Z
fi
s

Z
m
ct

fi

fi

nt

\
\c
[c
c

aN

N
fiN
N
[
Z [
r

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loss; damage; disadvantage [zrr]

necessity; urgency; need [zrurt]

weakness; impotence; debility [z'f]
weak; feeble; weakling; powerless [z'if]

woman (lit., member of the weaker sex) [z'ife(h)]

side [zel']
while; meantime [zemn]
by the way [dr zemn]
heart; mind; conscience; pronoun (gram.) [zmir]
supplement; attachment; enclosure [zmime(h)]
feast; banquet [ziaft]

( ca

c
\ct

fi

fi

i
bald (head); die (game); copper vessel [tas]
odd; single; arch [taq]
strength; endurance; fortitude [taqt]
shelf; niche [taqe(h)]
hall; pavilion; auditorium [talar]
clan; tribe; family [tayefe(h)]

science of medicine [tebb]

according to [tebqe]; tray; large dish [tbq] 12

with regard to; according to [br tebqe] 12

layer; stratum; social category [tbqe(h)]
doctor; physician [tbib]

nature; temper [tbi't]

by nature; naturally [tbi'tn]

natural [tbi'i] 11
same as fi ; revolver [tpane(h)] 11
sketch; plan; layout; project [trh] 12
way; manner; method [trz] 12
side; direction [trf] 9 ; advantage; profit [trf]
supporter; partial; adherent [trfdar] 11
method; way; road [triq]
the way (Sufism); religion [triqe(h)]
meal; food; dish [t'am]
taste; flavor [t'm]
gold [tla] 10

jeweller [tla foru]

jewelry shop; selling gold [tla forui]
gold (color); made of gold [tla'i]
divorce; separation [tlaq]
rope; cord [tnab] 13
method; manner; way [towr] 11

in general; completely [betowre kolli] 11

)Za

( c

e
n

fi
c
fi

fi

fi
_
d
m
m* cZ

fi
q

ft
t

n
[
c

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parrot [tuti]

fi
rZ
N

12

tempest; storm; flood [tufan]

tempestuous; stormy [tufani]
length; duration; longitude [tul]
lengthy; long [tulani]
stable [tvile(h)]

11

same as rZ ; Tehran, capital city of Iran [tehran]

in the course of (usu. with the ezafe ) [teyy]

ruthless; cruel; pitiless [zalem]

(outward) appearance; evident; apparent
apparently; obviously [zahern]

j
[zaher]

apparent; external; superficial [zaheri]

bowl; vessel; container [zrf] 14
victory; triumph; success [zfr]

oppression; tyranny; injustice [zolm]

darkness [zolmt]
suspicion; doubt; skepticism; qualm [znn]
mid-day; noon [zohr] 9
afternoon [b'd zzohr]

before noon [pi zzohr]

before noon [qbl zzohr]
appearance; manifestation [zohur]

ivory ['aj]
pl. of \a ; customs; habits; customary law ['adat]
custom; habit ['adt]

( dZ
( dZ
( dZ

just; righteous; fair; equitable ['adel]

lover; in love ['aeq] 7
Bless you! ['afit bad]
eventually; conclusion; end ['aqebt]
wise; prudent; learned; savant ['aqel]
cosmos; universe; world ['alm]; learned man; scholar ['alem]
excellent; sublime; superb ['ali]
popular; vulgar ['amiyane(h)]
phrase (grammar); expression; diction ['ebart]
crossing; passage ['obur] 1 2
Is that so?; strange! ['jb]; conceit ['ojb] 5
rush; hurry; haste ['jle(h)]
strange; wonderful; bizarre ['jib] 1 1

w
m

^
\Za
\a
pa

fi
\c
c

fi

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number; digit; quantity ['dd]

lentil ['ds]
rice dish with lentils ['ds polo]
justice; fairness; equity ['dl]
group; number ['edde(h)]
Iraq, country in the Middle East, west of Iran ['raq] 1 0
Arab; the Arabs ['rb]
Arabia ['rbestan]
Arabic ['rbi] 5
braying of a donkey ['r 'r]
sweat; perspiration; Iranian alcoholic drink ['rq]
bride; daughter-in-law ['rus]
doll ['rusk]
wedding; wedlock; marriage ['rusi]
dear; darling ['ziz]
honey ['sl] 11
evening ['ea'] 1 3
pl. of s ; tribes ['ayer]
love; passion; amour ['eq]
lovemaking; courtship ['eqbazi]
staff; walking stick ['sa]
juice; extract ['osare(h)]
nerve ['sb]
nervous; angry; restless ['sbani]
nervousness; anger; rage ['sbaniyyt]
epoch; age; late afternoon ['sr]
limb; member; employee; organ ['ozv]
membership ['ozviyyt]
present; grant; donation ['ta']
perfume; aroma; fragrance; scent ['tr]
sneeze ['tse]
thirst; desire; craving ['t]
magnitude; grandeur; immensity ['zmt]
great; grand; splendid; vast; magnificent ['zim]
pardon; forgiveness ['fv]
pl. of s ; beliefs; tenets; opinions ['qayed] 13
rear; behind; back (part) ['qb] 10
hand (of a clock) ['qrbe(h)]
minute hand ['qrbeye bozorg]
hour hand ['qrbeye kuek]
wisdom; intellect; common sense ['ql] 11
opinion; view; belief ['qide(h)] 12
photographer's studio ['kkasxane(h)] 1 1
photography ['kkasi]
picture; photograph; image; opposite ['ks] 8
reaction ['ksol'ml]

a
e
e
p
sN
nZ
[
r

n
et
t
t

wd

sc

N
Y

fi

fi
c fi
fi

s
fiN
N

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cure; remedy; treatment ['elaj]

attachment; affection; estate; property ['laqe(h)]
addition; excess; surplus ['lave(h)] 1 4
besides; in addition; furthermore ['lave(h) brin] 14
cause; reason; motive; source; illness ['ellt]
due to; because of (with ezafe ) [be'ellte]
grass; weed; hay ['lf] 1 1
weed ['lfe hrze(h)] 11
science; knowledge; scholarship ['elm] 12 ;
banner; standard; flag ['lm]
pl. of ; leaned men; religious authorities ['olma]
scientific; scholarly ['elmi]
Ali; first name (male) ['li] 4
turban ['mmame(h)]
Oman, SE coast of Arabia between Qatar and Aden ['omman]
deliberately; on purpose; intentionally ['mdn]
principle; major; main; chief ['omde(h)]
lifetime; age ['omr]; John Doe ['mr]; Umar, second Caliph
after the Prophet Muhammad [omr]
development; cultivation ['omran]
depth ['omq]
action; work; operation ['ml]
in practice ['mln]
practical; addict ['mli] 11
uncle (paternal) ['mu] 4
the public; everybody ['omum]
generally; universally ['omumn]
general; public; widespread ['omumi] 1 0
aunt (paternal) ['mme(h)] 4
profound; deep ['miq] 11
title; address; surname; subject ['onvan]
the populous; common people ['vam]
substitute; replacement; compensation ['vz] 11
in exchange [dr 'vz] 1 1
wrong; counterfeit ['vzi] 10
barking; howling; bowwow ['u 'u]
celebration; festival; holiday ['eyd]
gifts given during the Now Ruz celebration ['eydi]
Jesus ['isa]
pleasure; merry making; orgy ['ey]
eyeglasses ['eynk] 13
sunglasses; dark glasses ['eynke dudi]
sunglasses ['eynke rngi]

^
fi
st
Z st
N
N

sd

fiN
rN

rZ

fiN

rZ
qZ
h
h ca

wata
c

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l
cave; den [qar] 11
goose; monetary unit of small value [qaz]
warrior for the faith; fighter [qazi]
victorious; conquering; most; majority [qaleb]
mostly; often; frequently [qalebn]
food; diet; nourishment; provision [qza] 4
dining hall [qzaxori]
west; the West [qrb] 12
away from home; exile [qorbt]
western [qrbi]
booth; stall; hall [qorfe(h)]
sunset; evening [qorub] 11
unfamiliar; queer; strange; foreign [qrib]
same as ; strange [qribe(h)]
strangeness; foreignness [qribi]
sonnet; lyric [qzl]
Ghaznavid dynasty (999-1040) [qznvi]
ceremonial washing; baptism [qosl]
grief; sadness; blues [qosse(h)]
sorrow; grief [qm]
sorrow stricken [qmzde(h)]
doleful; sad [qmgin]
bud; blossom [qone(h)]
frog; toad [qurbaqe(h)] 11
ogre; giant [qul]
other; alien; not part of the immediate family [qeyr] 11
except; besides; other than [qeyr z]
unnatural [qeyre tbi'i] 11
abnormal; unusual [qeyre 'addi] 11
impractical [qeyre 'mli] 11
unacceptable [qeyre qabele qbul] 11
unlawful [qeyre qanuni] 1 1
unusual [qeyre m'muli] 1 1
impossible [qeyre momken] 11
other; et cetera; stranger [qeyre(h)] 7
et cetera [v qeyre(h)]

conqueror; champion [fateh]

Fars, southern province of Iran; ancient Persia [fars]
Persian language; a native of Fars province [farsi] 5

c
d
wd

Z
wcZ
[

fi
[t

fi

p
w

fiN

sa
) + *
fi
fic
p

dZ

wa

p



s
s t

ec
c

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free; relieved; released [fareq]

lc
graduate [fareqotthsil] 12
NZ lc
Fahrenheit [farenhayt]
c
corrupt; decayed; rotten [fased]

Fascist [faist]

Fascism [faism]

distance (between two points); interval; gap; space [fasele(h)]

fi
family [famil] 7

fantasy; fancy [fantezi]

w
usefulness; advantage; profit [fayede(h)]
s
victory; conquest [fth]

revolt; trouble; temptation [fetne(h)]

fi
religious decree [ftva]
Z
devotee; giving (person) [fdakar]
cZ
self-sacrifice; devotion [fdakari]
wcZ
flight; running away; escape [frar] 1 1
cZ
runaway; fugitive; awol [frari]
wcZ
overlooked; forgotten [framu] 13
fZ
unforgettable [framu nodni]
fZ
forgetfulness [framui]
Z
French language and people [fransvi] 1 0
wZ
France [franse] 5
fiZ
abundant; plentiful [fravan] 1 0
rZtZ
Farkhondeh, first name (female); happy; auspicious [frxonde(h)] 4
s
Farrokhi, Persian poet (d. 1037) [frroxi]
N
unique; odd; individual; single [frd] 9
a
tomorrow [frda] 6
Za
tomorrow night [frdab]
Za
paradise; garden [ferdows]
eta
Ferdowsi, Persian poet, author
)ZZ * ta
of Book of Kings [ferdowsi] 9
child; offspring [frznd]
d
to send; to ship [ferestadn (ferest)] 9
)* ra
to return (something) [ps] 12
(
e.g., pres. : - -
sender [ferestnde(h)] 12
s
carpet; pavement [fr]
f
Fereshteh, first name (female); angel [ferete(h)]
fi
assumption; theorem [frz] 1 3
h
difference; crown (of head); peak [frq]
n
figure; form [form]
q
order; command [frman]
r
commander [frmande(h)]
s
ruler; sovereign [frmanrva]
Zt
ruler; governor-general [frmanfrma]

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order; words; remarks [frmaye]

to say; polite form of [frmudn (frma)] 11

)* ra
formula [formul]
p
Europe [frng]

same as ; Europe [frngestan]

r
European; westerner [frngi]

to sell; selling [foruxtn (foru)] 5

)ft* t
airport [forudga(h)] 7
sat
Farvardin, first month of solar year; it has 31 days [frvrdin]
act
to sink; to subside [foru rftn (foru rv)]
)tc t* ct
e.g., pres. : atc t - wtc t - qtc t
department store [foruga(h)] 7
st
Ferdowsi department store in Tehran [forugahe ferdowsi]
ta st
Farhad, first name (male) [frhad]
a
culture; dictionary [frhng]

shout; cry; help; justice [fryad]

a
savior; one who comes to someone's relief [fryadrs]
)rc + a* eca
deception; fraud; cheating [frib]

charming; beguiling; deceitful [fribnde(h)]

s
Fereydun, first name (male);
rt
founder of the Kayanian dynasty [fereydun]
to deceive; to charm; to mislead [friftn (frib)]
)*
pressure; compression; stress; strain [fear]
c
to squeeze; to press [feordn (fear)]
)c* ra
cartridge [feng]

season (year); chapter (book) [fsl]

pl. of ; seasons [fosul]

p
space; area; sphere [fza]

activity [f'aliyt]

spatial [fza'i]

for the present; right now; for the time being [fe'ln] 12

poverty; destitution [fqr]

only; simply; merely [fqt] 7

religious jurisprudence [feqh]

fi
poor; beggar; needy; hapless [fqir] 12

jurisconsult of Islamic law [fqih]

fi
jaw; separation [fkk]
N
humorous [fokahi]

thought; care; view; opinion [fekr] 8

plateau [felat]
\
one who lives on a plateau [felat nein]
\
John Doe; such and such; so and so [folan]
r
paralysis [flj]

metal; mettle [fellez]

N
metallic [fellezi]
wN
philosophy [flsfe(h)]
fi

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pepper [felfel]
pepper shaker [felfeldan] 11
firmament; the heavens; the sky [flk]
junction; crossroads [feleke(h) or flke(h)]
flute [folut]
technique; trick; art; skill [fnn]
annihilation; doom; perdition [fna]
cup [fenjan] 7
hazelnut; filbert [fndoq]
spring; coil [fnr]
fountain; jet (water) [fvvare(h)]
blow; puff [fut]; death; passing away; lapse [fowt]
soccer; football [futbal]
immediately; right away; at once [fowrn] 1 1
urgent; rush [fowri]
above; upper part; superior [fowq]
master's degree [fowqe lisans]
Volkswagen [fuleks] 1 0
comprehension; understanding; intelligence [fhm]
to communicate; to explain [fhmandn (fhman)] 1 2
to understand; to comprehend [fhmidn (fhm)] 9
intelligent; wise; judicious [fhmide(h)]
physics [fizik]
elephant [fil]
philosopher [filsuf]
motion picture; film (photography) [film] 8

Qa'an; title of Mongol rulers [qa'an]

Qa'ani, Persian poet (1808-1854) [qa'ani] 15
frame; tray; platter [qab]
able; fit; qualified; competent [qabel]
usable; fit for use [qabele estefade(h)]
trustworthy [qabele e'temad]
considerable [qabele tvjjo(h)]
acceptable [qabele qbul]
midwife [qabele(h)]
merit; worth; capability [qabeliyyt]
murderer; killer; assassin [qatel]
contraband; smuggled goods; stowaway [qaaq]
smuggler [qaaqi]
mushroom; fungus [qar]

)rZa + * rZ

fi
\
N

r
n

scZN
\
p
c
wc
n
n

)r * r
) * r
s

n
r

saZ
aZ
fiN
p
fi

c

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Korah [qarun]
Kasim, first name (male) [qasem] 14
spoon [qaoq]
messenger; harbinger; courier [qased]
judge; umpire; Ghazi, Iranian family name [qazi] 6
mule [qater]
rule; method; guide; period (women) [qa'ede(h)]
mold; matrix; bar (soap) [qaleb] 2
carpet; rug [qali] 3
small rug [qalie(h)]
carpet seller [qaliforu] 7
carpet store; selling carpets [qaliforui] 7
law; regulation; canon; rule [qanun]
legally; by law [qanunn]
legal; legitimate; lawful [qanuni] 1 1
boat; canoe; raft [qayeq] 11
boating; yachting [qayeqrani]
fast; firm; severe [qayem] 9
hide-and-seek [qayem muk] 9
tomb; grave; mausoleum [qbr]
graveyard [qbrestan] 11
receipt; bill; constipation [qbz]
before; formerly; ago [qbl]
beforehand; previously [qbln]
before (something else) [qbl z] 7
niche indicating direction of prayer for a Muslim [qeble(h)]
compass showing the fi [qeble(h)nma]
preceding; former; prior [qbli]
acceptance; consent; compliance [qbul] 9
sort; kind [qbil]
tribe; clan; family [qbile(h)]
murder; assassination; homicide [qtl] 1 4
stature; height [qd]
destiny; fate [qdr]; merit; value; worth [qdr]
power; vigor; force [qodrt] 12
some; somewhat; a while [qdri] 6
step; pace [qdm]
ancient; archaic; ancient days [qdim] 8
old fashioned; ancient (usually not used with people [qdimi] 8
rest; agreement; settling; repose; location; position [qrar] 13
contract; pact; arrangement; treaty [qrardad]
Qur'an; holy book of the Muslims [qor'an]
sacrifice; victim; sir! (used mostly by men) [qorban] 12
offering; sacrificial animal [qorbani]
nearness; proximity; access [qorbt]

rtc

fi
ft
t
r

dZ
fi
fi

fi

c
\c
wc
q

cZ
aZacZ
r
r

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pill; tablet; firm; strong [qors] 12

g
loan; debt [qrz] 14
h
red; crimson [qermez] 3

century [qrn]
r
village [qrye(h)]
fi
Qazvin, city and province NW of Tehran [qzvin]
t
kind; sort [qesm] 9 ; oath [qsm]

portion; part [qesmt]

winter quarters [qelaq]

n
beautiful; lovely; exquisite [qng] 3

butcher [qssab]
[N
retaliation; vengeance [qesas]
g
small town; village [qsbe(h)]
fi
purpose; intention; will; resolution [qsd] 13

palace; castle [qsr]

story; tale; fable; yarn [qesse(h)]

fiN
narrator; story teller [qesse(h)gu]
) + fi
N * fi
N
story writer [qesse(h)nevis]
fi
N
ode; long poem of praise [qside(h)]
s
fate; destiny [qza']
Y
by chance [zqza']
Y dZ
judicial [qza'i]

judgment [qzavt]
\t
train; sequence; queue [qtar]
c
pole (geographic) [qotb]

diameter; thickness [qotr]

drop; trickle [qtre(h)]

s
drop by drop [qtre(h) qtre(h)]
s s
piece; (in poetry) a short poem [qet'e(h)]
fi
cage; enclosure; coop [qfs]

cupboard; bookshelf; locker [qfse(h)]

fi
lock [qofl]

fishing hook [qollab]

[N
fake; sham [qollabi]
N
heart; center; counterfeit; sham [qlb]

cordially; sincerely [qlbn]

fortification; fort; stronghold [ql'e(h)]

fi
pen; shin [qlm]

pen case; pen holder [qlmdan] 11

rZ
realm; territory [qlmrow]
t
printed cloth [qlmkar]
c
peak; summit; zenith [qolle(h)]
fiN
hookah; water pipe [qlian] 10
r
Qum, Iran's religious center located between Isfahan and Tehran [qom] 1 0
gambling; betting; risk [qomar]
c

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moon [qmr]
lunar [qmri]; dove; ringdove [qomri]
subterranean canal; underground conduit system [qnat]
pastry shop; confectionery; candy store [qnnadi]
contentment; satisfaction [qna't]
cubed sugar [qnd]
sugar canister; sugar bowl [qndan] 11
tea served with sugar cubes [qnd phlu]
swan [qu]
power; strength; force [qovvt] 13 ; food; sustenance [qut]
frog; toad [qurbaqe(h)]
teapot [quri]
hump; hunch [quz]
arch [qows]
rainbow [qows v qzh]
box [quti]
promise; word of honor [qowl]
Konya, city in modern Turkey [quniyye(h)] 13
power; strength; force [qovve(h)]
strong; robust [qvi]
rage; fury; not on speaking terms [qhr]
champion; hero [qhrman]
coffee [qhve(h)] 3
brown [qhvei] 3
teahouse keeper [qhvei] 11
teahouse [qhvexane(h)] 7
appearance; aspect; mien [qiafe(h)] 3
the Resurrection [qiamt]
scissors; shears [qeyi]
tar [qir]
funnel [qif]
price; value; cost [qeymt] 7

cabaret [kabare(h)]
cabinet (of ministers) [kabine(h)]
ship's captain; captain (team) [kapitan]
catalog [katalog]
pine tree [kaj] 12
palace; villa [kax]
the White House [kaxe sefid] 12
staff; cadre [kadr]
gift; present [kado]
work; action; profession; employment [kar] 6

w
\
waNN

)rZ + * rZ

\N
fic
wc
d
e
_ t e

p
fiN
sN
w

r
s
wZ s
s
fi s
fi

sc
fi
r

^
`
`
ca
ta
c

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card [kart]
factory; mill [karxane(h)] 1 1
knife; dagger; cleaver [kard] 1 0
workshop; factory; studio [kargah]
Kargar, Iranian family name; worker [kargr] 6
employee; worker [karmnd] 11
report; diploma [karname(h)]
carnival [karnaval]
caravan; convoy [karvan]
Karun, river flowing into the Persian Gulf [Karun]
cartoon; caricature [karikator]
casino [kazino]
bowl; kneecap [kase(h)]
I wish [ka]
Kashan, city south of Tehran [kaan] 3
nest; lodging; refuge [kaane(h)]
native of Kashan; made in Kashan [kaani]
to plant; to sow [katn (kar)] 12
glazed tile; covered with tiles; from Kashan [kai]
paper; letter (mail); document [kaqz] 2
heathen; unbeliever; infidel; pagan [kafr]
teahouse; cafeteria [kafe(h)]
sufficient; enough [kafi] 9
sufficiently [bendazeye kafi] 9
cocktail [kaktil]
merchandise; goods; fabric [kala]
sausage [kalbas]
college [kalej]
calorie [kalori]
carriage; coach; stagecoach; buggy [kaleske(h)] 1 0
California [kalifornia]
perfect; complete; thorough; whole; mature [kamel]
completely; entirely; perfectly; absolutely [kameln] 13
truck; lorry [kamiyun]
mine; treasure [kan]
sofa [kanape(h)]
Canada [kanada] 3
canal; waterway [kanal]
candidate; applicant [kandid]
society; club; focus [kanun]
straw; fodder; hay [kah]
lettuce [kahu]
shish kabob [kbab] 9
roast meat vendor; person who prepares kabob [kbabi] 10
matches [kebrit]

\c
fic
ac
sc
) + c* c
c
fic
pZtc
rZtc
rtc
cc
d
fi
f
r
fi

)c*

fi

sdZZ fi

w
fi

r
r
fi
Za
p

r
s

Bashiri

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partridge [kbk]

pigeon [kbutr]

great; big; major; capital [kbir]

capsule [kpsul]
p
copy; same as fi [kopi]

jacket [kot] 11; shoulder [kt]

book [ketab] 1
[
booklet [ketabe(h)]
fi
library [ketabxane(h)] 9
)fi + [* fi
librarian [ketabdar] 10
)Za + [* cZ
textbook [ketabe drsi]
ca [
library science [ketabdari]
wcZ
bookseller [ketabforu]
)t + [* ft
bookstore; selling books [ketabforui]
t
kettle [ketri] 12
w
suit (of clothes) [kot v lvar]
cZt
boiled rice; storage for coal [kte(h)]
fi
abundance; multiplicity [ksrt]
\
numerous; plentiful; excessive [ksir]

dirty; polluted; impure; soiled; filthy [ksif] 7

crooked; curved [kj]

where (question word) [koja] 4

from what place; native of what place [koja'i] 6

which (question word) [kodam] 6

qZ
which one [kodam yek] 6
qZ
chief of a village [kdxoda]
Z
pumpkin; squash [kdu]
t
deaf [kr]; son; boy [kor]; specified amount of water for correct ritual [korr]

necktie [keravat]
\ZtZ
rent; fare [keraye(h)] 12
fiZ
for rent; for hire [kerayei]
wZ fiZ
tenant [keraye(h) nein]
fiZ
Karaj, town west of Tehran [krj]
^
Kurd, native of Kurdistan [kord]
a
to do; to perform [krdn (kon)] 5
)* ra
to melt [ab]
( [
to make habitable; to develop; to improve [abad] 12
( a
to impregnate [abestn]
(
to desire; to wish [arezu]
( tdc
to introduce; to make acquainted [ana] 10
(
to prepare; to make ready [amade(h)]
( sa
to iron [otu]
( Z
to influence; to have an effect on [sr]
( Z
to rent; to hire [ejare(h)]
( scZ
to develop a need for; to need [ehtiyaj peyda] 14
( Z ^Z

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to invent [extera']
( kZZ
to expel; to kick out [exraj] 12
( ^ZZ
to continue [edame(h) peyda]
( Z fiZaZ
to marry [ezdevaj]
( ^ZtadZ
to marry someone [ba...ezdevaj]
( ^ZtadZ ///
to rest [esteraht]
( ZZ
to resign [este'fa] 12
( Z
to resign from [z...este'fa]
( Z /// dZ
to make use of; to take advantage of;
( saZ
to use [estefade(h)] 9
to make use of [z...estefade(h)]
( saZ /// dZ
to meet ; to receive; to welcome [esteqbal]
( pZ
to ski [eski bazi]
( wd Z
to become famous [esm dr]
( ca Z
to enroll; to register [esm nevisi]
( Z
to point at; to point out [eare(h)] 14
( scZ
to point at something [be...eare(h)] 14 ( scZ /// fi
to add; to increase [ezafe(h)] 14
( fiZ
to find out; to be informed
( Z kNZ
about [ettela' peyda] 14
to find out about [z ettela' peyda]
( Z kNZ /// dZ
to sign [emza']
( YZ
to select; to elect; to choose [entexab]
( [Z
to establish; to bring into existence [ijad]
( aZ
to swell; to boast; to show off; to pump air [bad]
( a
to open [baz] 2
( d
to play; to act (movies, theater, etc.) [bazi] 8
( wd
to raise [bala] 14
(
to believe [bavr]
( ct
to discuss [bhs]
(
to encounter [brxord]
( ac
to hospitalize [bestri]
( w
to carry in the arms; to embrace [bql]
(
to build; to begin [bna]
(
to smell [bu]
(
to wake someone up [bidar] 10
( cZ
to kick out; to fire; to expel [birun] 10
( rt
to rule; to reign [padeahi] 12
( a
to park (car) [park] 8
( oc
to tear to pieces [pare(h) pare(h)] 12
( sc sc
to clean [pak]
( o
to entertain [pzira'i] 10
( Z
to entertain someone [z...pzira'i]
( Z /// dZ
to fill [por] 12
(
to fly [prvaz] 10
( dZt

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to save (money) [ps ndaz]

to mail [post]
to hide [penhan] 14
to spread [phn]
to find; to have children [peyda] 8
to suggest [pinhad]
to transform [tbdil] 11
to banish; to exile [tb'id] 12
to study [thsil] 10
to teach; to instruct [tdris] 12
to translate [trjome(h)] 9
to abandon; to leave [trk] 9
to put the brakes on; to stop [tormoz]
to thank [tkkor] 12
to thank someone [z ... tkkor] 12
to be surprised [t'jjob] 12
to be surprised at [z...t'jjob]
to adore; to speak highly of; to define [t'rif]
to praise something or
someone [z...t'rif]
to speak highly
about [drbareye... t'rif]
to change; to fluctuate; to vary [tqyir] 11
to divide [tqsim]
to repeat [tekrar]
to pronounce [tlffoz] 14
to telephone [telefon] 6
to telephone someone [be...telefon]
to watch [tmaa] 11
to finish; to end [tmam] 11
to clean [tmiz]
to stop [tvqqof]
to prepare; to provide [thiyye(h)]
to cause to flow [jari]
to utter; to say [bezban jari]
to implore; to supplicate [jez jez]
to attract; to draw attention; to arrest [jlb]
to prevent [jelowgiri]
to collect; to gather; add [jm']
to move; to start [hrekt] 9
to move in the direction
(
of [betrfe...hrekt]
to feel; to perceive [hess] 12
to account [hesab]
to dig [hfr]
to narrate; to tell (story) [hekayt]
to rule; to govern [hokumt] 15

( dZZ
(

( r
(
( Z
( a
(
(
(
( c
( fi
( o
(
( N
( N /// dZ
( N
( N /// dZ
12
(
( /// dZ
( /// scca
(
(
( cZ
( N
(
( /// fi
(
( q
(
( N
( fiN
( wc
( wc r
(
(
( w
(
(
/// m
(
N
( [
(
(
(

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to solve; to dissolve [hll]

( N
to carry; to transport [hml] 11
(
to attack [hmle(h)]
( fi
to refer [hvale(h)]
( fiZ
to come to an end [xateme(h) peyda] 10
( Z fi
to extinguish; to turn off [xamu]
( f
to inform [xbr]
(
to inform someone [baxbr]
(
to say good-bye [xoda hafezi] 7
( Z
to destroy [xrab] 12
( [Z
to spend (money) [xrj] 9
( ^
spending money on [xrje]
( /// ^
to prepare dough [xmir]
(
to laugh; to giggle [xnde(h)]
( s
to ask [xahe] 10
( Z
to ask someone something [z...xahe] ( Z /// dZ
to refrain; to abstain; to withhold [xoddari] 9
( wcZa a
to refrain from [z...xoddari]
( wcZa a /// dZ
to make happy [xohal] 8
( p
to heat; brand [daq] 14
( lZa
to kick out; to expel [dr]
( ca
to request [drxast]
( Zca
to ache [drd]
( aca
to discuss personal feelings [drde del]
( pa aca
to fix; to prepare [dorost] 7
( ca
to receive [driaft] 11
( ca
to capture [dstgir]
( a
to put in bundles [dste(h) dste(h)] 14
( fia fia
to invite [d'vt] 9
( \a
to invite someone [z...d'vt] 9
( \a /// dZ
to change [degrgun] 1 1
( ra
to bury [dfn]
( a
to pay a visit [didn]
( ra
to visit someone [z...didn]
( ra /// dZ
to make comfortable [raht]
( Zc
to drive [ranndegi]
( Zc
to guide [rahnma'i] 1 4
( Zc
to have mercy; to have pity [rhm]
( c
to be merciful to [be...rhm]
( c /// fi
to turn to; to address [ru]
( tc
to turn to someone [be...ru]
( tc /// fi
to bring face to face [ruberu]
( tctc
to kiss each other on the face [rubusi] 14
( tc
to turn on [rown] 1 1
( tc
to copy [runevisi] 15
tc

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to abandon; to give up; to let go [rha]

( c
to wound [zxmi] 1 1
( d
to live [zendegi] 6
( d
to search every nook and cranny; to know
( d
all about a place [zire pa]
to live; to dwell [zist]
( d
to deliver a lecture [soxnrani]
( Z
to give a lecture
( Z /// scca
about [drbareye...soxnrani]
to make (a lot of) noise [sr v seda]
( Z t
to comb [ane(h)] 11
( fi
to plow [oxm]
(
to participate [erkt]
(
to participate in [dr...erkt]
( /// ca
to begin; to start [oru'] 10
( kt
to complain [ekayt]
(
to make noise [oluq]
( n
to swim [ena] 9
(
to get married (girl) [owhr]
(
to export [sader] 11
( ca
to smooth; to purify [saf]
( m
to wait [sbr]
(
to speak; to talk; to discuss [sohbt] 6
(
to call someone [seda] 14
( Z
to spend (time, money, etc.); to consume;
( m
to conjugate (verb) [srf]
to spend time or money on [srfe...]
( /// m
to give up [srfe nzr] 10
(
to forgo; to abandon [z...srfenzr]
( /// dZ
e.g., a c dZ (He forewent going.)
to industrialize [sn'ti]
(
to cross; to pass ['obur] 12
( c
to sneeze ['tse(h)]
( fi
to escape; to run away [frar] 11
( cZ
to forget [framu] 13
( fZ
to suppose; to hypothesize; to guess [frz] 13
( h
to differ [frq]
( n
to think [fekr] 8
(
to boat [qayeq rani] 11
( Z
to hide [qayem] 14
(
to play hide-and-seek [qayem muk bazi] 9
( wd
to accept [qbul] 10
( p
to borrow [qrz] 14
( h
to interrupt; to cut [qt']
(
to work; to operate (car, etc.) [kar] 6
( c
to bend [kaj]
(

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to rent; to hire [keraye(h)]

( fiZ
to help [komk] 9
(
to help someone [be...komk]
( /// fi
to draw up a contract [kontorat]
( \Z
to neglect [kutahi]
(
to wind [kuk]
( o
to cry; to weep [gerye(h)] 12
( fi
to listen [gu]
( f
to be gracious; to make a favor; to give [lotf] 11
(
to type [main]
(
to force [mjbur]
( c
to return [moraje't]
( Z
to return from [z...moraje't]
( Z /// dZ
to return to [be...moraje't]
( Z /// fi
to put in order; to arrange [morttb]
( N
to travel [mosafert] 8
( \
to observe; to see [moahede(h)] 14
( s
to do homework; to practice [mq] 9
(
to make difficult; to complicate [mokel] 10
(
to study [motale'e(h)] 11
( fi
to introduce [mo'rrefi]
( N
to make known [m'lum]
( q
to translate; to explain [m'ni]
(
to compare [moqayese(h)]
( fi
to pause; to halt; to stop [mks]
(
to meet [molaqat] 9
( \
to transfer [montqel] 11
(
to set (clock); to adjust [mizan]
( rZ
to eat [meyl] 9
(
to cry; to moan; to lament [nale(h)] 12
( fi
to give advice; to counsel; to advise [nsiht] 12
(
to give a speech; to lecture [notq]
(
to narrate; to give an account of [nql] 13
(
to look [negah] 7
( s
to look at something [be...negah]
( s /// fi
to keep; to protect; to preserve [neghdari]
( wcZ
to do well; to do a good deed [niku] 12
(
to exercise [vrze]
( fdct
to pretty up [vsme(h)]
( fit
to patch up [vsle(h)]
( fit
to make a note of [yaddat]
( Zaa
Kurdish, related to Kurds [kordi]
chair; seat; device for heating [korsi]
celery [krfs]
Kerman, city in SE Iran [kerman] 3

wa

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Kermanshah, city in western Iran [kermanah] 9

s
native of Kerman, made in Kerman [kermani] 3

deaf-mute [kr v lal]

p t
butter [kre(h)] 3 ; sphere; Korea [kore(h)]; young of certain
s
animals [korre(h)]
hallway [koridor]
c
generous; bounteous; Karim, first name (male) [krim] 1 2

person [ks]

those who [ksanike] 13

fi
to attract; to drag [keandn (kean)]
)r* r
same as r ; to attract [keanidn (kean)] 12
)r* r
farmer; tiller [keavrz]
dct
agriculture; farming [keavrzi]
wdct
to kill [kotn (ko)] 10
)*
to sow [ketn (kar)]
)c*
ship; boat [keti] 9 ; wrestling [koti]

raisins [keme]

drawer [keo] 1 1

country; region [kevr] 12

c
to pull [keidn (ke)] 10
)* r
to lift; to embezzle; to gobble up [bala] 11
(
to draw out; to unsheathe [birun] 11
( rt
to pull down [pa'in] 13
(
to smoke a pipe [pip] 12
(
to relinquish [dst]
( a
to disobey [sr]
(
to smoke a cigarette [sigar] 10
( c
to last; to take (time) [tul]
( p
to smoke the hookah [qlian]
( r
to guard [keik]
(
Kaaba in Mecca [k'be(h)]
fi
foam; lather; floor; palm (hand) [kf] 1 1

floor [kfe otaq]

nZ
shoemaker; shoe salesman [kffa] 7
fN
shoe store; shoe shop [kffai] 7
N
shoe [kf] 7

high-heeled shoe [kfe pane(h) bolnd] 7

fi
shoe salesman [kf foru] 7
ft
shoe store; selling shoes [kf forui]
t
main; total; whole [koll]
N
classroom; grade [kelas] 7
e
classic(al) [kelasik]

raven; crow [klaq]

l
police headquarters; police station [klantri] 11
w
hat; headgear; bonnet; cap [kolah]
s
hairpiece; wig [kolahgis]
s

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maid (servant) [kolft] 14 ; thick; coarse [koloft]

collection [koleksiyon]
cabbage [klm]
word [klme(h)]
creed of a Muslim [klmeye hadt]
general; total [kolli]
in general; absolutely [betowre kolli]
key; switch [kelid] 9
church [kelisa]
Kalilah wa Dimnah, book of fables [kelile(h) v demne(h)] 15
clinic [kelinik]
all; totality [koliyye(h)]; kidney [koliye(h)]
little; few; scant; (telling time) to [km] 14
more or less [mmabi]
reserved; of few words; introvert [km hrf]
perfection; excellence; completion [kmal]
bow [kman]
company [kompani]
less; fewer [kmtr]
waist; middle [kmr] 13
belt; waistband; sash [kmrbnd]
pale; faint (color) [kmrng]
shy; bashful; modest [kmru]
assistance; help; aid; support [komk] 9
by and by; gradually [km km]
Communist [komunist]
Communism [komunism]
a little; somewhat [kmi] 5; shortage; deficiency [km]
some time later [kmi b'd]
scarce; rare [kmyab]
chief of police; magistrate [komisr]
commission; brokerage [komisiyun]
side; shore; edge [kenar] 7
on the shore of [dr kenare] 7
agreement; contract [kontorat]
control; inspection [kontotol]
counter; meter; gauge [kontor]
curious; nosy [konjkav]
blunt; slow; tardy [kond]
to dig [kndn (kn)]
to skin; peel [pust]
to fight death [jan]
to finish; to kill [klk]
concert [konsert]
canned food [konserv]

fi
\a fi
N
N c

fia t fi

fi

m
p
r

) + *

r
c
c ca
\Z
p
c
t

)* r
(
( r
(
\
t

Bashiri

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conference; lecture [konferans]

entrance examination [konkur] 1 5
Concorde [kankord] 11
congress [kongere(h)]
same as rZ ; now [konun]
present; actual [konuni]
to pound; to thrash [kubidn (kub)]
coupon [kupon]
compartment [kupe(h)]
short; low; curt [kutah] 3
negligence; shortage [kutahi]
migration; wandering [ku]
small; tiny; little; miniature [kuek] 3
back street; alley [kue(h)] 9
fertilizer; compost [kud]
infant; child; toddler [kudk] 15
kindergarten [kudkestan] 11
childhood [kudki]
blind; sightless [kur]
Kurosh; first name (male); Cyrus the Great [kuro] 6
jar; jug; pitcher [kuze(h)] 1 4
shark; thin-bearded man [kuse(h)]
to try; to make an effort; to strive [kuidn (ku)]
to thrash; to pound [kuftn (kub)]
vegetable omelet [kuku]
air conditioner; cooler [kuler]
mountain [kuh] 8
Alborz mountain range [kuhe lborz] 8
salt waste; salt crust on earth surface [kvir] 8
the Loot Desert [kvire lut]
that; which; when [ke] 5
ancient; old (usu., used with things) [kohn]
old (usu., used with things) [kohne(h)]
who (question word) [ki] 2
when (question word) [key] 6
bag; pouch; sack; pocket [kise(h)] 12
purse; wallet; briefcase [kif] 9
kilo(gram) [kilu]
kilometer [kilumetr] 9
alchemy [kimia]
just; righteous; fair; equitable ['adel]
lover; in love ['aeq] 7
Bless you! ['afit bad]
eventually; conclusion; end ['aqebt]
wise; prudent; learned; savant ['aqel]
cosmos; universe; world ['alm]; learned man; scholar ['alem]

Z
c
ac
s
r

)[* r

fi
s

fi
a
oa
ra
a
c
fc
sd
fi
)f* r
)[*

s
dZ s

\
fi

fi

I
fi

pa

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excellent; sublime; superb ['ali]

popular; vulgar ['amiyane(h)]
phrase (grammar); expression; diction ['ebart]
crossing; passage ['obur] 1 2
Is that so?; strange! ['jb]; conceit ['ojb] 5
rush; hurry; haste ['jle(h)]
strange; wonderful; bizarre ['jib] 1 1
number; digit; quantity ['dd]
lentil ['ds]
rice dish with lentils ['ds polo]
justice; fairness; equity ['dl]
group; number ['edde(h)]
Iraq, country in the Middle East, west of Iran ['raq] 1 0
Arab; the Arabs ['rb]
Arabia ['rbestan]
Arabic ['rbi] 5
braying of a donkey ['r 'r]
sweat; perspiration; Iranian alcoholic drink ['rq]
bride; daughter-in-law ['rus]
doll ['rusk]
wedding; wedlock; marriage ['rusi]
dear; darling ['ziz]
honey ['sl] 11
evening ['ea'] 1 3
pl. of s ; tribes ['ayer]
love; passion; amour ['eq]
lovemaking; courtship ['eqbazi]
staff; walking stick ['sa]
juice; extract ['osare(h)]
nerve ['sb]
nervous; angry; restless ['sbani]
nervousness; anger; rage ['sbaniyyt]
epoch; age; late afternoon ['sr]
limb; member; employee; organ ['ozv]
membership ['ozviyyt]
present; grant; donation ['ta']
perfume; aroma; fragrance; scent ['tr]
sneeze ['tse]

fi
\c
c

fi

a
e
e
p
sN
nZ
[
r

n
et
t
t

wd

sc

N
Y

fi

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thirst; desire; craving ['t]

magnitude; grandeur; immensity ['zmt]
great; grand; splendid; vast; magnificent ['zim]
pardon; forgiveness ['fv]
pl. of s ; beliefs; tenets; opinions ['qayed] 13
rear; behind; back (part) ['qb] 10
hand (of a clock) ['qrbe(h)]
minute hand ['qrbeye bozorg]
hour hand ['qrbeye kuek]
wisdom; intellect; common sense ['ql] 11
opinion; view; belief ['qide(h)] 12
photographer's studio ['kkasxane(h)] 1 1
photography ['kkasi]
picture; photograph; image; opposite ['ks] 8
reaction ['ksol'ml]
cure; remedy; treatment ['elaj]
attachment; affection; estate; property ['laqe(h)]
addition; excess; surplus ['lave(h)] 1 4
besides; in addition; furthermore ['lave(h) brin] 14
cause; reason; motive; source; illness ['ellt]
due to; because of (with ezafe ) [be'ellte]
grass; weed; hay ['lf] 1 1
weed ['lfe hrze(h)] 11
science; knowledge; scholarship ['elm] 12 ;
banner; standard; flag ['lm]
pl. of ; leaned men; religious authorities ['olma]
scientific; scholarly ['elmi]
Ali; first name (male) ['li] 4
turban ['mmame(h)]
Oman, SE coast of Arabia between Qatar and Aden ['omman]
deliberately; on purpose; intentionally ['mdn]
principle; major; main; chief ['omde(h)]
lifetime; age ['omr]; John Doe ['mr]; Umar, second Caliph
after the Prophet Muhammad [omr]
development; cultivation ['omran]
depth ['omq]
action; work; operation ['ml]
in practice ['mln]
practical; addict ['mli] 11

fi
c fi
fi

s
fiN
N

Z
^
fi
st
Z st
N
N

sd

fiN
rN

rZ

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uncle (paternal) ['mu] 4

the public; everybody ['omum]
generally; universally ['omumn]
general; public; widespread ['omumi] 1 0
aunt (paternal) ['mme(h)] 4
profound; deep ['miq] 11
title; address; surname; subject ['onvan]
the populous; common people ['vam]
substitute; replacement; compensation ['vz] 11
in exchange [dr 'vz] 1 1
wrong; counterfeit ['vzi] 10
barking; howling; bowwow ['u 'u]
celebration; festival; holiday ['eyd]
gifts given during the Now Ruz celebration ['eydi]
Jesus ['isa]
pleasure; merry making; orgy ['ey]
eyeglasses ['eynk] 13
sunglasses; dark glasses ['eynke dudi]
sunglasses ['eynke rngi]

fiN

rZ
qZ
h
h ca

wata
c

l
cave; den [qar] 11
goose; monetary unit of small value [qaz]
warrior for the faith; fighter [qazi]
victorious; conquering; most; majority [qaleb]
mostly; often; frequently [qalebn]
food; diet; nourishment; provision [qza] 4
dining hall [qzaxori]
west; the West [qrb] 12
away from home; exile [qorbt]
western [qrbi]
booth; stall; hall [qorfe(h)]
sunset; evening [qorub] 11
unfamiliar; queer; strange; foreign [qrib]
same as ; strange [qribe(h)]

c
d
wd

Z
wcZ
[

fi
[t

fi

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strangeness; foreignness [qribi]

sonnet; lyric [qzl]
Ghaznavid dynasty (999-1040) [qznvi]
ceremonial washing; baptism [qosl]
grief; sadness; blues [qosse(h)]
sorrow; grief [qm]
sorrow stricken [qmzde(h)]
doleful; sad [qmgin]
bud; blossom [qone(h)]
frog; toad [qurbaqe(h)] 11
ogre; giant [qul]
other; alien; not part of the immediate family [qeyr] 11
except; besides; other than [qeyr z]
unnatural [qeyre tbi'i] 11
abnormal; unusual [qeyre 'addi] 11
impractical [qeyre 'mli] 11
unacceptable [qeyre qabele qbul] 11
unlawful [qeyre qanuni] 1 1
unusual [qeyre m'muli] 1 1
impossible [qeyre momken] 11
other; et cetera; stranger [qeyre(h)] 7
et cetera [v qeyre(h)]

conqueror; champion [fateh]

Fars, southern province of Iran; ancient Persia [fars]
Persian language; a native of Fars province [farsi] 5
free; relieved; released [fareq]
graduate [fareqotthsil] 12
Fahrenheit [farenhayt]
corrupt; decayed; rotten [fased]
Fascist [faist]
Fascism [faism]
distance (between two points); interval; gap; space [fasele(h)]
family [famil] 7
fantasy; fancy [fantezi]
usefulness; advantage; profit [fayede(h)]

p
w

fiN

sa
) + *
fi
fic
p

dZ

wa

p



s
s t

ec
c
lc
NZ lc
c

fi

w
s

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victory; conquest [fth]

revolt; trouble; temptation [fetne(h)]

fi
religious decree [ftva]
Z
devotee; giving (person) [fdakar]
cZ
self-sacrifice; devotion [fdakari]
wcZ
flight; running away; escape [frar] 1 1
cZ
runaway; fugitive; awol [frari]
wcZ
overlooked; forgotten [framu] 13
fZ
unforgettable [framu nodni]
fZ
forgetfulness [framui]
Z
French language and people [fransvi] 1 0
wZ
France [franse] 5
fiZ
abundant; plentiful [fravan] 1 0
rZtZ
Farkhondeh, first name (female); happy; auspicious [frxonde(h)] 4
s
Farrokhi, Persian poet (d. 1037) [frroxi]
N
unique; odd; individual; single [frd] 9
a
tomorrow [frda] 6
Za
tomorrow night [frdab]
Za
paradise; garden [ferdows]
eta
Ferdowsi, Persian poet, author
)ZZ * ta
of Book of Kings [ferdowsi] 9
child; offspring [frznd]
d
to send; to ship [ferestadn (ferest)] 9
)* ra
to return (something) [ps] 12
(
e.g., pres. : - -
sender [ferestnde(h)] 12
s
carpet; pavement [fr]
f
Fereshteh, first name (female); angel [ferete(h)]
fi
assumption; theorem [frz] 1 3
h
difference; crown (of head); peak [frq]
n
figure; form [form]
q
order; command [frman]
r
commander [frmande(h)]
s
ruler; sovereign [frmanrva]
Zt
ruler; governor-general [frmanfrma]

order; words; remarks [frmaye]

to say; polite form of [frmudn (frma)] 11

)* ra
formula [formul]
p

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Europe [frng]

same as ; Europe [frngestan]

r
European; westerner [frngi]

to sell; selling [foruxtn (foru)] 5

)ft* t
airport [forudga(h)] 7
sat
Farvardin, first month of solar year; it has 31 days [frvrdin]
act
to sink; to subside [foru rftn (foru rv)]
)tc t* ct
e.g., pres. : atc t - wtc t - qtc t
department store [foruga(h)] 7
st
Ferdowsi department store in Tehran [forugahe ferdowsi]
ta st
Farhad, first name (male) [frhad]
a
culture; dictionary [frhng]

shout; cry; help; justice [fryad]

a
savior; one who comes to someone's relief [fryadrs]
)rc + a* eca
deception; fraud; cheating [frib]

charming; beguiling; deceitful [fribnde(h)]

s
Fereydun, first name (male);
rt
founder of the Kayanian dynasty [fereydun]
to deceive; to charm; to mislead [friftn (frib)]
)*
pressure; compression; stress; strain [fear]
c
to squeeze; to press [feordn (fear)]
)c* ra
cartridge [feng]

season (year); chapter (book) [fsl]

pl. of ; seasons [fosul]

p
space; area; sphere [fza]

activity [f'aliyt]

spatial [fza'i]

for the present; right now; for the time being [fe'ln] 12

poverty; destitution [fqr]

only; simply; merely [fqt] 7

religious jurisprudence [feqh]

fi
poor; beggar; needy; hapless [fqir] 12

jurisconsult of Islamic law [fqih]

fi
jaw; separation [fkk]
N
humorous [fokahi]

thought; care; view; opinion [fekr] 8

plateau [felat]
\
one who lives on a plateau [felat nein]
\

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John Doe; such and such; so and so [folan]

paralysis [flj]
metal; mettle [fellez]
metallic [fellezi]
philosophy [flsfe(h)]
pepper [felfel]
pepper shaker [felfeldan] 11
firmament; the heavens; the sky [flk]
junction; crossroads [feleke(h) or flke(h)]
flute [folut]
technique; trick; art; skill [fnn]
annihilation; doom; perdition [fna]
cup [fenjan] 7
hazelnut; filbert [fndoq]
spring; coil [fnr]
fountain; jet (water) [fvvare(h)]
blow; puff [fut]; death; passing away; lapse [fowt]
soccer; football [futbal]
immediately; right away; at once [fowrn] 1 1
urgent; rush [fowri]
above; upper part; superior [fowq]
master's degree [fowqe lisans]
Volkswagen [fuleks] 1 0
comprehension; understanding; intelligence [fhm]
to communicate; to explain [fhmandn (fhman)] 1 2
to understand; to comprehend [fhmidn (fhm)] 9
intelligent; wise; judicious [fhmide(h)]
physics [fizik]
elephant [fil]
philosopher [filsuf]
motion picture; film (photography) [film] 8

Qa'an; title of Mongol rulers [qa'an]

Qa'ani, Persian poet (1808-1854) [qa'ani] 15
frame; tray; platter [qab]

N
wN
fi

)rZa + * rZ

fi
\
N

r
n

scZN
\
p
c
wc
n
n

)r * r
) * r
s

n
r

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able; fit; qualified; competent [qabel]

usable; fit for use [qabele estefade(h)]
trustworthy [qabele e'temad]
considerable [qabele tvjjo(h)]
acceptable [qabele qbul]
midwife [qabele(h)]
merit; worth; capability [qabeliyyt]
murderer; killer; assassin [qatel]
contraband; smuggled goods; stowaway [qaaq]
smuggler [qaaqi]
mushroom; fungus [qar]
Korah [qarun]
Kasim, first name (male) [qasem] 14
spoon [qaoq]
messenger; harbinger; courier [qased]
judge; umpire; Ghazi, Iranian family name [qazi] 6
mule [qater]
rule; method; guide; period (women) [qa'ede(h)]
mold; matrix; bar (soap) [qaleb] 2
carpet; rug [qali] 3
small rug [qalie(h)]
carpet seller [qaliforu] 7
carpet store; selling carpets [qaliforui] 7
law; regulation; canon; rule [qanun]
legally; by law [qanunn]
legal; legitimate; lawful [qanuni] 1 1
boat; canoe; raft [qayeq] 11
boating; yachting [qayeqrani]
fast; firm; severe [qayem] 9
hide-and-seek [qayem muk] 9
tomb; grave; mausoleum [qbr]
graveyard [qbrestan] 11
receipt; bill; constipation [qbz]
before; formerly; ago [qbl]
beforehand; previously [qbln]
before (something else) [qbl z] 7
niche indicating direction of prayer for a Muslim [qeble(h)]
compass showing the fi [qeble(h)nma]

fi

c
rtc

fi
ft
t
r

dZ
fi
fi

saZ
aZ
fiN
p

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preceding; former; prior [qbli]

acceptance; consent; compliance [qbul] 9

p
sort; kind [qbil]

tribe; clan; family [qbile(h)]

fi
murder; assassination; homicide [qtl] 1 4

stature; height [qd]

destiny; fate [qdr]; merit; value; worth [qdr]

c
power; vigor; force [qodrt] 12
\c
some; somewhat; a while [qdri] 6
wc
step; pace [qdm]
q
ancient; archaic; ancient days [qdim] 8

old fashioned; ancient (usually not used with people [qdimi] 8

rest; agreement; settling; repose; location; position [qrar] 13

cZ
contract; pact; arrangement; treaty [qrardad]
aZacZ
Qur'an; holy book of the Muslims [qor'an]
r
sacrifice; victim; sir! (used mostly by men) [qorban] 12
r
offering; sacrificial animal [qorbani]

nearness; proximity; access [qorbt]

pill; tablet; firm; strong [qors] 12

g
loan; debt [qrz] 14
h
red; crimson [qermez] 3

century [qrn]
r
village [qrye(h)]
fi
Qazvin, city and province NW of Tehran [qzvin]
t
kind; sort [qesm] 9 ; oath [qsm]

portion; part [qesmt]

winter quarters [qelaq]

n
beautiful; lovely; exquisite [qng] 3

butcher [qssab]
[N
retaliation; vengeance [qesas]
g
small town; village [qsbe(h)]
fi
purpose; intention; will; resolution [qsd] 13

palace; castle [qsr]

story; tale; fable; yarn [qesse(h)]

fiN
narrator; story teller [qesse(h)gu]
) + fi
N * fi
N
story writer [qesse(h)nevis]
fi
N
ode; long poem of praise [qside(h)]
s
fate; destiny [qza']
Y

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by chance [zqza']
Y dZ
judicial [qza'i]

judgment [qzavt]
\t
train; sequence; queue [qtar]
c
pole (geographic) [qotb]

diameter; thickness [qotr]

drop; trickle [qtre(h)]

s
drop by drop [qtre(h) qtre(h)]
s s
piece; (in poetry) a short poem [qet'e(h)]
fi
cage; enclosure; coop [qfs]

cupboard; bookshelf; locker [qfse(h)]

fi
lock [qofl]

fishing hook [qollab]

[N
fake; sham [qollabi]
N
heart; center; counterfeit; sham [qlb]

cordially; sincerely [qlbn]

fortification; fort; stronghold [ql'e(h)]

fi
pen; shin [qlm]

pen case; pen holder [qlmdan] 11

rZ
realm; territory [qlmrow]
t
printed cloth [qlmkar]
c
peak; summit; zenith [qolle(h)]
fiN
hookah; water pipe [qlian] 10
r
Qum, Iran's religious center located between Isfahan and Tehran [qom] 1 0
gambling; betting; risk [qomar]
c
moon [qmr]

lunar [qmri]; dove; ringdove [qomri]

w
subterranean canal; underground conduit system [qnat]
\
pastry shop; confectionery; candy store [qnnadi]
waNN
contentment; satisfaction [qna't]

cubed sugar [qnd]

sugar canister; sugar bowl [qndan] 11

)rZ + * rZ
tea served with sugar cubes [qnd phlu]

swan [qu]

power; strength; force [qovvt] 13 ; food; sustenance [qut]

\N
frog; toad [qurbaqe(h)]
fic
teapot [quri]
wc
hump; hunch [quz]
d

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arch [qows]
rainbow [qows v qzh]
box [quti]
promise; word of honor [qowl]
Konya, city in modern Turkey [quniyye(h)] 13
power; strength; force [qovve(h)]
strong; robust [qvi]
rage; fury; not on speaking terms [qhr]
champion; hero [qhrman]
coffee [qhve(h)] 3
brown [qhvei] 3
teahouse keeper [qhvei] 11
teahouse [qhvexane(h)] 7
appearance; aspect; mien [qiafe(h)] 3
the Resurrection [qiamt]
scissors; shears [qeyi]
tar [qir]
funnel [qif]
price; value; cost [qeymt] 7

cabaret [kabare(h)]
cabinet (of ministers) [kabine(h)]
ship's captain; captain (team) [kapitan]
catalog [katalog]
pine tree [kaj] 12
palace; villa [kax]
the White House [kaxe sefid] 12
staff; cadre [kadr]
gift; present [kado]
work; action; profession; employment [kar] 6
card [kart]
factory; mill [karxane(h)] 1 1
knife; dagger; cleaver [kard] 1 0
workshop; factory; studio [kargah]
Kargar, Iranian family name; worker [kargr]

e
_ t e

p
fiN
sN
w

r
s
wZ s
s
fi s
fi

sc
fi
r

^
`
`
ca
ta
c
\c
fic
ac
sc
) + c* c

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employee; worker [karmnd] 11

report; diploma [karname(h)]
carnival [karnaval]
caravan; convoy [karvan]
Karun, river flowing into the Persian Gulf [Karun]
cartoon; caricature [karikator]
casino [kazino]
bowl; kneecap [kase(h)]
I wish [ka]
Kashan, city south of Tehran [kaan] 3
nest; lodging; refuge [kaane(h)]
native of Kashan; made in Kashan [kaani]
to plant; to sow [katn (kar)] 12
glazed tile; covered with tiles; from Kashan [kai]
paper; letter (mail); document [kaqz] 2
heathen; unbeliever; infidel; pagan [kafr]
teahouse; cafeteria [kafe(h)]
sufficient; enough [kafi] 9
sufficiently [bendazeye kafi] 9
cocktail [kaktil]
merchandise; goods; fabric [kala]
sausage [kalbas]
college [kalej]
calorie [kalori]
carriage; coach; stagecoach; buggy [kaleske(h)] 1 0
California [kalifornia]
perfect; complete; thorough; whole; mature [kamel]
completely; entirely; perfectly; absolutely [kameln] 13
truck; lorry [kamiyun]
mine; treasure [kan]
sofa [kanape(h)]
Canada [kanada] 3
canal; waterway [kanal]
candidate; applicant [kandid]
society; club; focus [kanun]
straw; fodder; hay [kah]
lettuce [kahu]
shish kabob [kbab] 9

c
fic
pZtc
rZtc
rtc
cc
d
fi
f
r
fi

)c*

fi

sdZZ fi

w
fi

r
r
fi
Za
p

r
s

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roast meat vendor; person who prepares kabob [kbabi] 10

matches [kebrit]

partridge [kbk]

pigeon [kbutr]

great; big; major; capital [kbir]

capsule [kpsul]
p
copy; same as fi [kopi]

jacket [kot] 11; shoulder [kt]

book [ketab] 1
[
booklet [ketabe(h)]
fi
library [ketabxane(h)] 9
)fi + [* fi
librarian [ketabdar] 10
)Za + [* cZ
textbook [ketabe drsi]
ca [
library science [ketabdari]
wcZ
bookseller [ketabforu]
)t + [* ft
bookstore; selling books [ketabforui]
t
kettle [ketri] 12
w
suit (of clothes) [kot v lvar]
cZt
boiled rice; storage for coal [kte(h)]
fi
abundance; multiplicity [ksrt]
\
numerous; plentiful; excessive [ksir]

dirty; polluted; impure; soiled; filthy [ksif] 7

crooked; curved [kj]

where (question word) [koja] 4

from what place; native of what place [koja'i] 6

which (question word) [kodam] 6

qZ
which one [kodam yek] 6
qZ
chief of a village [kdxoda]
Z
pumpkin; squash [kdu]
t
deaf [kr]; son; boy [kor]; specified amount of water for correct ritual [korr]

necktie [keravat]
\ZtZ
rent; fare [keraye(h)] 12
fiZ
for rent; for hire [kerayei]
wZ fiZ
tenant [keraye(h) nein]
fiZ
Karaj, town west of Tehran [krj]
^
Kurd, native of Kurdistan [kord]
a
to do; to perform [krdn (kon)] 5
)* ra
to melt [ab]
( [

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to make habitable; to develop; to improve [abad] 12

( a
to impregnate [abestn]
(
to desire; to wish [arezu]
( tdc
to introduce; to make acquainted [ana] 10
(
to prepare; to make ready [amade(h)]
( sa
to iron [otu]
( Z
to influence; to have an effect on [sr]
( Z
to rent; to hire [ejare(h)]
( scZ
to develop a need for; to need [ehtiyaj peyda] 14
( Z ^Z
to invent [extera']
( kZZ
to expel; to kick out [exraj] 12
( ^ZZ
to continue [edame(h) peyda]
( Z fiZaZ
to marry [ezdevaj]
( ^ZtadZ
to marry someone [ba...ezdevaj]
( ^ZtadZ ///
to rest [esteraht]
( ZZ
to resign [este'fa] 12
( Z
to resign from [z...este'fa]
( Z /// dZ
to make use of; to take advantage of;
( saZ
to use [estefade(h)] 9
to make use of [z...estefade(h)]
( saZ /// dZ
to meet ; to receive; to welcome [esteqbal]
( pZ
to ski [eski bazi]
( wd Z
to become famous [esm dr]
( ca Z
to enroll; to register [esm nevisi]
( Z
to point at; to point out [eare(h)] 14
( scZ
to point at something [be...eare(h)] 14 ( scZ /// fi
to add; to increase [ezafe(h)] 14
( fiZ
to find out; to be informed
( Z kNZ
about [ettela' peyda] 14
to find out about [z ettela' peyda]
( Z kNZ /// dZ
to sign [emza']
( YZ
to select; to elect; to choose [entexab]
( [Z
to establish; to bring into existence [ijad]
( aZ
to swell; to boast; to show off; to pump air [bad]
( a
to open [baz] 2
( d
to play; to act (movies, theater, etc.) [bazi] 8
( wd
to raise [bala] 14
(
to believe [bavr]
( ct
to discuss [bhs]
(

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to encounter [brxord]
to hospitalize [bestri]
to carry in the arms; to embrace [bql]
to build; to begin [bna]
to smell [bu]
to wake someone up [bidar] 10
to kick out; to fire; to expel [birun] 10
to rule; to reign [padeahi] 12
to park (car) [park] 8
to tear to pieces [pare(h) pare(h)] 12
to clean [pak]
to entertain [pzira'i] 10
to entertain someone [z...pzira'i]
to fill [por] 12
to fly [prvaz] 10
to save (money) [ps ndaz]
to mail [post]
to hide [penhan] 14
to spread [phn]
to find; to have children [peyda] 8
to suggest [pinhad]
to transform [tbdil] 11
to banish; to exile [tb'id] 12
to study [thsil] 10
to teach; to instruct [tdris] 12
to translate [trjome(h)] 9
to abandon; to leave [trk] 9
to put the brakes on; to stop [tormoz]
to thank [tkkor] 12
to thank someone [z ... tkkor] 12
to be surprised [t'jjob] 12
to be surprised at [z...t'jjob]
to adore; to speak highly of; to define [t'rif]
to praise something or
someone [z...t'rif]
to speak highly
about [drbareye... t'rif]
to change; to fluctuate; to vary [tqyir] 11
to divide [tqsim]

( ac
( w
(
(
(
( cZ
( rt
( a
( oc
( sc sc
( o
( Z

( Z /// dZ

(
( dZt
( dZZ
(

( r
(
( Z
( a
(
(
(
( c
( fi
( o
(
( N
( N /// dZ
( N
( N /// dZ
12
(
( /// dZ
( /// scca
(
(

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to repeat [tekrar]
( cZ
to pronounce [tlffoz] 14
( N
to telephone [telefon] 6
(
to telephone someone [be...telefon]
( /// fi
to watch [tmaa] 11
(
to finish; to end [tmam] 11
( q
to clean [tmiz]
(
to stop [tvqqof]
( N
to prepare; to provide [thiyye(h)]
( fiN
to cause to flow [jari]
( wc
to utter; to say [bezban jari]
( wc r
to implore; to supplicate [jez jez]
(
to attract; to draw attention; to arrest [jlb]
(
to prevent [jelowgiri]
( w
to collect; to gather; add [jm']
(
to move; to start [hrekt] 9
(
to move in the direction
( /// m
of [betrfe...hrekt]
to feel; to perceive [hess] 12
(
N
to account [hesab]
( [
to dig [hfr]
(
to narrate; to tell (story) [hekayt]
(
to rule; to govern [hokumt] 15
(
to solve; to dissolve [hll]
( N
to carry; to transport [hml] 11
(
to attack [hmle(h)]
( fi
to refer [hvale(h)]
( fiZ
to come to an end [xateme(h) peyda] 10
( Z fi
to extinguish; to turn off [xamu]
( f
to inform [xbr]
(
to inform someone [baxbr]
(
to say good-bye [xoda hafezi] 7
( Z
to destroy [xrab] 12
( [Z
to spend (money) [xrj] 9
( ^
spending money on [xrje]
( /// ^
to prepare dough [xmir]
(
to laugh; to giggle [xnde(h)]
( s
to ask [xahe] 10
( Z

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to ask someone something [z...xahe] ( Z /// dZ

to refrain; to abstain; to withhold [xoddari] 9
( wcZa a
to refrain from [z...xoddari]
( wcZa a /// dZ
to make happy [xohal] 8
( p
to heat; brand [daq] 14
( lZa
to kick out; to expel [dr]
( ca
to request [drxast]
( Zca
to ache [drd]
( aca
to discuss personal feelings [drde del]
( pa aca
to fix; to prepare [dorost] 7
( ca
to receive [driaft] 11
( ca
to capture [dstgir]
( a
to put in bundles [dste(h) dste(h)] 14
( fia fia
to invite [d'vt] 9
( \a
to invite someone [z...d'vt] 9
( \a /// dZ
to change [degrgun] 1 1
( ra
to bury [dfn]
( a
to pay a visit [didn]
( ra
to visit someone [z...didn]
( ra /// dZ
to make comfortable [raht]
( Zc
to drive [ranndegi]
( Zc
to guide [rahnma'i] 1 4
( Zc
to have mercy; to have pity [rhm]
( c
to be merciful to [be...rhm]
( c /// fi
to turn to; to address [ru]
( tc
to turn to someone [be...ru]
( tc /// fi
to bring face to face [ruberu]
( tctc
to kiss each other on the face [rubusi] 14
( tc
to turn on [rown] 1 1
( tc
to copy [runevisi] 15
tc
to abandon; to give up; to let go [rha]
( c
to wound [zxmi] 1 1
( d
to live [zendegi] 6
( d
to search every nook and cranny; to know
( d
all about a place [zire pa]
to live; to dwell [zist]
( d
to deliver a lecture [soxnrani]
( Z
to give a lecture
( Z /// scca
about [drbareye...soxnrani]

Bashiri

96

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to make (a lot of) noise [sr v seda]

( Z t
to comb [ane(h)] 11
( fi
to plow [oxm]
(
to participate [erkt]
(
to participate in [dr...erkt]
( /// ca
to begin; to start [oru'] 10
( kt
to complain [ekayt]
(
to make noise [oluq]
( n
to swim [ena] 9
(
to get married (girl) [owhr]
(
to export [sader] 11
( ca
to smooth; to purify [saf]
( m
to wait [sbr]
(
to speak; to talk; to discuss [sohbt] 6
(
to call someone [seda] 14
( Z
to spend (time, money, etc.); to consume;
( m
to conjugate (verb) [srf]
to spend time or money on [srfe...]
( /// m
to give up [srfe nzr] 10
(
to forgo; to abandon [z...srfenzr]
( /// dZ
e.g., a c dZ (He forewent going.)
to industrialize [sn'ti]
(
to cross; to pass ['obur] 12
( c
to sneeze ['tse(h)]
( fi
to escape; to run away [frar] 11
( cZ
to forget [framu] 13
( fZ
to suppose; to hypothesize; to guess [frz] 13
( h
to differ [frq]
( n
to think [fekr] 8
(
to boat [qayeq rani] 11
( Z
to hide [qayem] 14
(
to play hide-and-seek [qayem muk bazi] 9
( wd
to accept [qbul] 10
( p
to borrow [qrz] 14
( h
to interrupt; to cut [qt']
(
to work; to operate (car, etc.) [kar] 6
( c
to bend [kaj]
(
to rent; to hire [keraye(h)]
( fiZ

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to help [komk] 9
(
to help someone [be...komk]
( /// fi
to draw up a contract [kontorat]
( \Z
to neglect [kutahi]
(
to wind [kuk]
( o
to cry; to weep [gerye(h)] 12
( fi
to listen [gu]
( f
to be gracious; to make a favor; to give [lotf] 11
(
to type [main]
(
to force [mjbur]
( c
to return [moraje't]
( Z
to return from [z...moraje't]
( Z /// dZ
to return to [be...moraje't]
( Z /// fi
to put in order; to arrange [morttb]
( N
to travel [mosafert] 8
( \
to observe; to see [moahede(h)] 14
( s
to do homework; to practice [mq] 9
(
to make difficult; to complicate [mokel] 10
(
to study [motale'e(h)] 11
( fi
to introduce [mo'rrefi]
( N
to make known [m'lum]
( q
to translate; to explain [m'ni]
(
to compare [moqayese(h)]
( fi
to pause; to halt; to stop [mks]
(
to meet [molaqat] 9
( \
to transfer [montqel] 11
(
to set (clock); to adjust [mizan]
( rZ
to eat [meyl] 9
(
to cry; to moan; to lament [nale(h)] 12
( fi
to give advice; to counsel; to advise [nsiht] 12
(
to give a speech; to lecture [notq]
(
to narrate; to give an account of [nql] 13
(
to look [negah] 7
( s
to look at something [be...negah]
( s /// fi
to keep; to protect; to preserve [neghdari]
( wcZ
to do well; to do a good deed [niku] 12
(
to exercise [vrze]
( fdct
to pretty up [vsme(h)]
( fit

Bashiri

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to patch up [vsle(h)]
( fit
to make a note of [yaddat]
( Zaa
Kurdish, related to Kurds [kordi]
wa
chair; seat; device for heating [korsi]

celery [krfs]

Kerman, city in SE Iran [kerman] 3

r
Kermanshah, city in western Iran [kermanah] 9
s
native of Kerman, made in Kerman [kermani] 3

deaf-mute [kr v lal]

p t
butter [kre(h)] 3 ; sphere; Korea [kore(h)]; young of certain
s
animals [korre(h)]
hallway [koridor]
c
generous; bounteous; Karim, first name (male) [krim] 1 2

person [ks]

those who [ksanike] 13

fi
to attract; to drag [keandn (kean)]
)r* r
same as r ; to attract [keanidn (kean)] 12
)r* r
farmer; tiller [keavrz]
dct
agriculture; farming [keavrzi]
wdct
to kill [kotn (ko)] 10
)*
to sow [ketn (kar)]
)c*
ship; boat [keti] 9 ; wrestling [koti]

raisins [keme]

drawer [keo] 1 1

country; region [kevr] 12

c
to pull [keidn (ke)] 10
)* r
to lift; to embezzle; to gobble up [bala] 11
(
to draw out; to unsheathe [birun] 11
( rt
to pull down [pa'in] 13
(
to smoke a pipe [pip] 12
(
to relinquish [dst]
( a
to disobey [sr]
(
to smoke a cigarette [sigar] 10
( c
to last; to take (time) [tul]
( p
to smoke the hookah [qlian]
( r
to guard [keik]
(
Kaaba in Mecca [k'be(h)]
fi
foam; lather; floor; palm (hand) [kf] 1 1

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floor [kfe otaq]

shoemaker; shoe salesman [kffa] 7
shoe store; shoe shop [kffai] 7
shoe [kf] 7
high-heeled shoe [kfe pane(h) bolnd] 7
shoe salesman [kf foru] 7
shoe store; selling shoes [kf forui]
main; total; whole [koll]
classroom; grade [kelas] 7
classic(al) [kelasik]
raven; crow [klaq]
police headquarters; police station [klantri] 11
hat; headgear; bonnet; cap [kolah]
hairpiece; wig [kolahgis]
maid (servant) [kolft] 14 ; thick; coarse [koloft]
collection [koleksiyon]
cabbage [klm]
word [klme(h)]
creed of a Muslim [klmeye hadt]
general; total [kolli]
in general; absolutely [betowre kolli]
key; switch [kelid] 9
church [kelisa]
Kalilah wa Dimnah, book of fables [kelile(h) v demne(h)] 15
clinic [kelinik]
all; totality [koliyye(h)]; kidney [koliye(h)]
little; few; scant; (telling time) to [km] 14
more or less [mmabi]
reserved; of few words; introvert [km hrf]
perfection; excellence; completion [kmal]
bow [kman]
company [kompani]
less; fewer [kmtr]
waist; middle [kmr] 13
belt; waistband; sash [kmrbnd]
pale; faint (color) [kmrng]
shy; bashful; modest [kmru]
assistance; help; aid; support [komk] 9

nZ
fN
N

fi
ft
t
N
e

l
w
s
s

fi
\a fi
N
N c

fia t fi

fi

m
p
r

) + *

Bashiri

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by and by; gradually [km km]

Communist [komunist]
Communism [komunism]
a little; somewhat [kmi] 5; shortage; deficiency [km]
some time later [kmi b'd]
scarce; rare [kmyab]
chief of police; magistrate [komisr]
commission; brokerage [komisiyun]
side; shore; edge [kenar] 7
on the shore of [dr kenare] 7
agreement; contract [kontorat]
control; inspection [kontotol]
counter; meter; gauge [kontor]
curious; nosy [konjkav]
blunt; slow; tardy [kond]
to dig [kndn (kn)]
to skin; peel [pust]
to fight death [jan]
to finish; to kill [klk]
concert [konsert]
canned food [konserv]
conference; lecture [konferans]
entrance examination [konkur] 1 5
Concorde [kankord] 11
congress [kongere(h)]
same as rZ ; now [konun]
present; actual [konuni]
to pound; to thrash [kubidn (kub)]
coupon [kupon]
compartment [kupe(h)]
short; low; curt [kutah] 3
negligence; shortage [kutahi]
migration; wandering [ku]
small; tiny; little; miniature [kuek] 3
back street; alley [kue(h)] 9
fertilizer; compost [kud]
infant; child; toddler [kudk] 15
kindergarten [kudkestan] 11

r
c
c ca
\Z
p
c
t

)* r
(
( r
(
\
t
Z
c
ac
s
r

)[* r

fi
s

fi
a
oa
ra

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childhood [kudki]
blind; sightless [kur]
Kurosh; first name (male); Cyrus the Great [kuro] 6
jar; jug; pitcher [kuze(h)] 1 4
shark; thin-bearded man [kuse(h)]
to try; to make an effort; to strive [kuidn (ku)]
to thrash; to pound [kuftn (kub)]
vegetable omelet [kuku]
air conditioner; cooler [kuler]
mountain [kuh] 8
Alborz mountain range [kuhe lborz] 8
salt waste; salt crust on earth surface [kvir] 8
the Loot Desert [kvire lut]
that; which; when [ke] 5
ancient; old (usu., used with things) [kohn]
old (usu., used with things) [kohne(h)]
who (question word) [ki] 2
when (question word) [key] 6
bag; pouch; sack; pocket [kise(h)] 12
purse; wallet; briefcase [kif] 9
kilo(gram) [kilu]
kilometer [kilumetr] 9
alchemy [kimia]
alchemist [kimiagr]
vengeance; vendetta; enmity [kin]
hatred; rancor; malevolence; vengeance [kine(h)]
Saturn [keyvan]
Kayhan; name of daily paper; the Universe [keyhan] 3

garage; bus terminal [gara] 10

waiter [garson] 9
wagon; cart [gari]
carter; one who drives or pushes a cart [garii] 11
gas; fizz; throttle; pincers; bite; nip; accelerator [gaz]
cow [gav] 12
chalk; plaster [g]

a
c
fc
sd
fi
)f* r
)[*

s
dZ s

\
fi

fi

I
fi

fi
rZ
r

Zc
rc
wc
wc* c
d
t


102

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beggar [geda]
to put; to place; to leave; to allow [gozardn
to perform [beja]
to inform [dr jrian]

to put [gozatn (gozar)] 10

to leave (behind) [beja]
to found; to start [bna]

(gozar)]

11

(
( rca

Z
)cZ* racZ
)cZ* Z

(
(
to begin to oppose [bnaye moxaleft]
( w
to update; to acquaint with a situation [dr jryan] 11 ( r ca
to abandon; to retire; to lay aside [kenar] 12
( c
to spend (time); to cause to pass [gozrandn (gozran)] 11
)rZc* rZc
same as rZc ; to spend (time) [gozranidn (gozran)]
)rZc* rZc
passport; same as \c [gozrname(h)]
fic
to pass; to cross; to forgive [goztn (gozr)]
)c*
the past; bygone days; last [gozte(h)] 11
fi
record player [geramafun]
rZ
respectful; beloved [gerami] 14
Z
expensive; costly; heavy [geran] 3
rZ
valuable; precious [geranbha]
Z
high cost; inflation; gravity [gerani]
Z
as expensive as [begeraniye]
Z
cat [gorbe(h)] 13
fi
same as fiZ ; although [gre]
fi
round; circular; global [gerd]; hero; valiant [gord]; powder; dust,
particle [grd]
whirlpool [gerdab]
(to cause) to turn; to rotate [grdandn
whirlwind [gerdbad]

(grdan)]

stroll; leisurely walk; revolution [grde]

park [grdegah] 14
neck [grdn]
necklace [grdnbnd]
walnut [gerdu]
to rotate; to circulate; to turn [grdidn

(grd)]

to be overthrown; to be removed; to be cleaned

away [bride(h)] 15
to be built [bna]
to get off (car, etc.) [piade(h)]
to be dug [hfr]

a
)[ + a* [Za
)rZa* rZa
aa
fa
)s + fa* sa
ra
) + a* ra
ta
)a* ra
( s
(
( sa
(

103

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to be finished [xtm]
to include [amel] 14

(
(
( kt
( fiN
( p
( k
(
( cZaZt
( acZt
( rZt
( Z

to begin; to start [oru'] 10

to realize [motvjje(h)] 14

to become busy [mqul] 14

to be banned [mmnu'] 11
to wait [montzer] 14
to be forced [vadar]
to enter [vared] 9

to be destroyed; to be ruined [viran]

to appear [hoveyda]
hunger; famine [gorosnegi]
hungry; starved [gorosne(h)] 13
to catch; to grab; to marry [gereftn

(gir)]

to lay in the sun; suntan [aftab]

( [
to be accomplished; to be done [njam]
( qZ
to measure [ndaze(h)] 14
( sdZZ
to borrow [bemant] 13
( Z fi
to assume [bexod] 11
( a
to take back; to recapture [ps] 13
(
to choose to do something; to take up; to set oneself a task [pi] (
same as ( ; to take up; to set oneself a task [dr pi] ( ca
to decide [tsmim] 10
(
to celebrate; to hold a celebration [jn] 14
(
to divide bread dough into loaves [une(h)]
( fi
to pick up (e.g., dancing) [donbal(e)]
( pa
to take a shower; to take a bath [du]
( fta
to carry on one's shoulder [bedu...]
( ft
to fast [ruze(h)] 15
( sdtc
to take source [sreme(h)]
( fi
to borrow [qrz] 14
( h
to divorce [tlaq]
( n
to take photographs; to take pictures ['ks] 8
(
to mistake one for another ['vzi] 10
(
to bite [gaz]
( d
to tattle [maye(h)]
( fi
to learn [yad] 6
( a

wolf

[gorg]

fi
)*

11

104

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Gorgan, city in Mazandaran province, SE of Caspian [gorgan]

warm; hot [grm] 8
heat [grma]
Turkish bath; hammam [grmabe(h)]

thermometer [grmasnj]
deposit; pledge; security; collateral [gerow]
knot; node; meter [gereh]
to escape; to run away [gorixtn
crying; weeping [gerye(h)] 12

(goriz)]

report; news; statement [gozare]

to sting; to bite [gzidn (gz)]
wide; loose [goad]

inauguration; opening [goaye]

to turn; to rotate; to wander [gtn

to be levelled [baxak yeksan]

(grd)]

11

to look for; to seek [donbal(e)] 11

to be afflicted [mobtla]
to become known; to be ascertained [m'lum]

to be appointed; to be selected [mo'yyn]

to open; to conquer; to unfasten [goudn (goa)]

conversation; dialog [goftogu] 7

to say; to state [goftn (gu)] 5
to praise [afrin]

to die; to pass away [bedrude

to congratulate [tbrik] 14

hyat]

to welcome [xo amd]

to compose poetry [e'r]
what is said; maxim [gofte(h)] 12

flower; choice part [gol] 1; mud; slime; clay [gel]

rose water [golab]
pear [golabi] 5
floral; printed with flowers (fabric) [goldar] 9
vase; flowerpot [goldan] 7
rose garden [golzar]; marsh; bog [gelzar]
rose garden; Sa'di's famous Gulestan [golestan]
florist; flower seller [golforu] 7
florist's shop; selling flowers [golforui]
pleasure ground [golgt]

( r o
( /// pa
(
( q
( N
)* ra

( \ atc
(
( f
(

r
q

fi

t
s
)*
fi
fcZ
)* r
a

)a*

)*

fi

)Za + * cZ
)rZa + * rZ
cZ
)r + * r
)t + * ft
t

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mudguard; fender [gelgir]

bullet; cartridge [golule(h)]

flock; herd [glle(h)]; reproof [gele(h)]; spot; place [gole(h)]

red; rose color [goli] 3 ; made of clay [geli]
coarse carpet [gelim]
lost; mislaid [gom]
to appoint; to assign; to employ

[gomatn (gomar)]
surmise; guess; presumption [goman] 14
customs [gomrok]
sin; vice; offense [gonah]
wheat [gndom]
to rot; to decay; to decompose [gndidn (gnd)]
rotten; spoiled; decayed [gndide(h)]
tomato [gowje(h) frngi] 15
grave; tomb [gur]
calf [gusale(h)] 12
sheep [gusfnd]
ear [gu] 6
meat; flesh [gut]
butcher's shop; meat shop [gutforui]
earring [guvare(h)]
corner; hint [gue(h)] 9
recluse; hermit [gue(h)gir]
receiver (telephone); headphone [gui]
variegated; diverse; of many colors [gunagun]
announcer; broadcaster; narrator [guynde(h)]
crib; cradle [ghvare(h)]
plant; vegetable; herb; grass [giah]
botanist [giyah enas]
botany [giyah enasi]
guitar [gitar]
world; universe; cosmos [giti]
bewildered; giddy [gij]
hair pin; hanging [gir]
attractive [gira]
receiver; attractive [girnde(h)]
tress; hair (poetic) [gisu] 4
ticket office [gie(h)]

fi
fi

)c*
r
o
s
q
)* r
s
fi
c
fi

t
scZ
fi
fi

r
s
scZ
s
s* e s

Z
s

fi

106

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sweet cherry; tumbler [gilas]

15

no (Arabic borrowing) ; fold; inside; strand [la]

laboratory [labratovar] 9
vagabond; rogue [lat]
lottery; sweepstakes [latari]

Latin; the Latin script [latin]

necessary; required [lazem] 9
flirtation [las]

rubber (substance); elastic [lastik]

thin; lean; gaunt; skinny [laqr]
tortoise; turtle [lakpot]

fool; one suspicious of wrong doing [lakerdar]

dumb; speechless [lal]
lullaby [lala'i]

tulip [lale(h)] 11
Lalezar, name of a street in Tehran; tulip patch [lale(h)zar]
lamp [lampa]
atheist; irreligious [lamzhb]
nest; lair; den [lane(h)]
bill (legislature) [layehe(h)]
capable; worthy [layeq]
11

lip; brim; boundary; coast [lb] 13

on the edge of the roof [lbe bam] 13
clothes; apparel; suit [lebas]

dry cleaners; dry cleaning [lebasui] 11

seller of clothes [lebas foru] 11
clothing store; selling clothes [lebas forui]
boiled beets [lbu]
edge; rim; shore [lbe(h)]
bed clothes; quilt [lhaf]
moment; instant [lhze(h)]
tone; melody [lhn]

nude; naked; bare [loxt]; limp; weak; while; piece [lxt]

pleasure; relish; joy; delight [lzzt] 11

cZZ
\
wc

qd
e

o
cZa
p

fi
cZd fi

fi
fi

q
e
e*
ft e
t e

fi
m
fi

\N

107

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delicious; tasty [lziz]

to cause to shake [lrzandn

(lrzan)]
to tremble; to shake [lrzidn (lrz)]
to tremble like an aspen [mesle bid]
Luristan, province in western Iran [lorestan] 11
necessity; need [lozum]
box seat in a theater [lo]
army; host [lgr]
kindness; favor [lotf] 11
please [lotfn] 8
pl. of ; words [loqat] 11
word [loqt]
family name; surname; title [lqb]
Luqman, first name (male) [loqman] 4
morsel; piece [loqme(h)]
bathing cloth; loin-cloth [long]; lame; crippled [lng]; leg [leng]
anchor [lngr]
bean [lubia] 10
spoiled; flat [lus]
chandelier [luster]
luxurious; elegant [luks]
to move; to wiggle [lulidn (lul)]
accent; dialect [lhje(h)]
merit; capability; ability [liaqt]
slippery; slimy [liz]
B.A. degree [lisans]
licentiate; one who holds a B.A. degree [lisanse(h)] 15
but [lik]
but; still; however [likn]
lime; lemon [limu]
glass (drinking); tumbler [livan] 9

we; us; our [ma] 4

checkmate; astonished; stunned [mat]
cosmetic; lipstick [matik]
kiss; buss [ma]

)rZd* rZd
)d* rd
(
rN
qt

r
fi

)p* r
fi

fi

rZ

q
13

Bashiri

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mother; mom; mama [madr] 1

grandmother [madrbozorg] 4

ca
c ca
mother-in-law (wife's mother) [madrzn]
rd ca
mother-in-law (husband's mother) [madrowhr]
ca
motherhood [madr]
wca
substance; matter [madde(h)] ; female; feminine [made(h)]
sa
materialistic; physical [maddi]
wNa
serpent; snake [mar] 10
c
Mars; the month of March [mars] 8
ec
Mazandaran, province south of the Caspian Sea [mazndran] 15
rZcd
rubbing; massage [masa]

yogurt [mast]

well-done; May God preserve (you) from evil eye! [maa'llah]

FZY
automobile; car; machine [main] 1

typing [main nevisi]

) + *
property (usu. with ezafe ) [mal] 3
p
malaria [malaria]
c
ownership [malekiyyt]

riches [mal v mnal]

pt p
monetary; pertaining to money; fiscal [mali]

taxes; revenues [maliat]

\
to rub; to polish; to smear [malidn (mal)] 11
)p* r
mommy; mom [maman]
r
official; agent [m'mur]
c
mission; commission; duty [m'muriyyt]
Nc
to stay; to remain [mandn (man)] 15
)r* r
to remain [baqi] 15
(
to remain silent [saket]
(
to continue to wait [montzer]
(
to resemble [manestn (man)]
)r*
resembling (usu. with ezafe ) [mannd]

war game; maneuver [manovr]

c
nail polish [manikur]
c
Transoxiana; beyond the Oxus river [mavra'onnhr]
NZYZct
moon; month; beautiful [mah] 8
s
monthly [mahane(h)] 11
fi
same as [ ; moonlight [mahtab]
[
skillful; dexterous; expert [maher]

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beautiful [mahru]
satellite [mahvare(h)]
fish [mahi] 10
sturgeon [mahiye

xaviyar]

11

fried fish [mahiye sorx krde(h)]

monthly [mahiane(h)]
fisherman [mahigir] 11

10

fishing [mahigiri] 11
bathing suit [mayo]

disappointed; discouraged [m'yus]

blessed; happy; auspicious [mobark]
sum; amount [mblq]
furnished (apartment) [moble(h)]
vague; ambiguous; unclear [mobhm]

astonished; amazed; perplexed [mbhut]

13

sorry; regretful; depressed [mot'ssef] 13

unfortunately; regretfully [mot'ssefane(h)]
I am sorry [mot'ssefm] 13
married (man) [mot'hhel]
united [motthed]

mobile; moving [mothrrek]

astonished; perplexed [mothyyer]
specialist; expert [motxsses]
offender; violator [motxllef]
method [metod] 12

meter [metr] 9
translator; interpreter [motrjem]
mistress; paramour [metres]

progressive; advanced [motrqqi]

subway [metro]
thankful; grateful [motkker] 1
joined; connected [mottsel]

surprised; amazed; bewildered [mot'jjeb]

numerous; multifarious [mot'dded]
prejudiced; fanatical; zealot [mot'sseb]
different [motfavet]
thinker; pensive [motfkker]
pillow [motkka]

13

t
scZ

ct
sa `
fi
) + *
w

e
oc

fi

\
N
fiN
N
N
N
oN
N
N
N

e
N
t
N
N
N
aN
N
\t
N
N

110

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motel [motel] 11
civilized; urbane; cultured [motmdden]
concentrated; focused [motmrkez]
attentive; careful [motvjje(h)] 14

average; mediocre; mean; middle [motvsset]

the middle class [tbqeye motvsset]
example; instance; fable [mesal]

positive; affirmative [mosbt]

maxim; parable [msl]; like; (with ezafe ) [mesl(e)]

N fi
9

for example; for instance [msln] 11

triangle [moslls]
rhyming couplets; the Mathnavi of Jalal al-Din Rumi [msnvi]
Hungary [mjarestan] 11
free; gratis; complimentary [mjjani]
adjacent; near [mojaver]

fighter for liberty; crusader [mojahed]

forced; compelled [mjbur] 9
doctor of Islamic law [mojthed]
again; once more [mojdddn]
statue [mojssme(h)]

gathering; meeting; assembly [mjles]

upper house of parliament; senate [mjlese sena]
lower house of parliament [mjlese owra]
magazine [mjlle(h)]
glorious [mjid]

wrist [mo]
trial; hearing [mohakeme(h)]
conversation; dialog [mohavere(h)]

love; affection; tenderness [mohbbt] 10

beloved; popular [mhbub]
needy; in need; poor [mohtaj]
respectable; esteemed; honorable [mohtrm]
limited; confined [mhdud]
student; pupil [mohssel]
crop; produce [mhsul]

pure; mere; sake; for [mhz]

as soon as (usu., with ezafe ) [bemhze]
humble; small; plain; poor [mohqqr]

rN

fiN
N
p

N
w
rc
N
ct

aN
fiN

Zc
fiN


fi
sct
N
[
^
q
at
N
p

111

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researcher; investigator; scholar [mohqqeq]

hard; firm; secure; indisputable [mohkm] 13
court of law; clinic [mhkme(h)]
condemned; sentenced; convicted [mhkum]
location; place; credit [mhll]
quarter; district [mhlle(h)]
local; native [mhlli]

15

Muhammad, first name (male); founder of Islam [mohmmd]

Mahmud of Ghazni (d. 1030) [mhmude qznvi] 15
transmission; cable [moxabere(h)]
contrary; opposite; opposed [moxalef]
opposition; objection; hostility [moxaleft]
reporter; informer [moxber]
inventor [moxtre']

brief; precis; abridged; short [moxtsr]

varied; various; different; diverse [moxtlef]

special; specific [mxsus] 12
particularly; especially [mxsusn]

13

clandestine; hidden; secret; underhand [mxfi]

fashion; style [mod] 11
pencil [mdad]
pl. of oc ; documents; papers
medal; decoration [medal]

[mdarek]

duration; time [moddt] 13

for sometime; for a while [modtti] 13

school; Islamic seminary; institute [mdrese(h)]

Chaharbagh Seminary [mdreseye har baq]
modern [modern] 7
model; design [model]
Mediterranean (sea) [meditrane(h)]
superintendent; director; manager [modir]
negotiation; discussion [mozakere(h)]

creed; religion; faith [mzhb] 13

religious; pertaining to religion [mzhbi] 13
return; reappearance [moraje't]
desire; wish [morad]
ceremonies; formalities; customs [mrasem]
jam; preserve [morbba] 11

15

fi
q
fiN
N

N
w a
s

aZ
ocZ
pZ
\N
N
fic
lc fic
rc
p
fiZ

sZ

Z
aZ
Z
N

112

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square [morbb']
related; connected; pertinent [mrbut]
pertaining to; about [mrbut be] 15
coral [mrjan]

15

source; authority [mrj']

stage; phase; station; state; degree [mrhle(h)]
released; dismissed; freed [morxxs]
leave; furlough [morxxsi]
man [mrd] 2

Mordad, fifth month of the solar calendar; same as aZaZ ; it has 31 days

[mordad/mordad]

N
i
fi i
r

fi
N
N
a

aZa
fiZa
people [mrdom] 8
qa
anthropologist [mrdom enas] 11
) + qa* ea
anthropology [mrdom enasi]
a
to die; to pass away [mordn (mir)] 13
)* ra
rejected; failed; flunked; refused [mrdud]
ata
dead; deceased; lifeless [morde(h)]
sa
manhood; manliness; courage [mrd] 3
wa
boundary; border; frontier [mrz]
d
border guard [mrzban] 11
rd
thank you! [mersi] 1

spiritual guide; elder; instructor [mored]

disease; sickness [mrz]

h
damp; humid; wet [mrtub]
[
hen; chicken; bird [morq] 10
l
duck [morqabi]

citrus fruits [morkkbat]

\N
center; headquarters; focus [mrkz] 8

central; middle [mrkzi]

w
death; demise; passing away [mrg] 13

pearl; same as wcZt [morvarid] 10

cZt
a patient; sick person; sick; ill [mriz] 7

hospital [mrizxane(h)] 7
)fi + * fi
Mariam, first name (female); name of a flower; Mary [mrym]

bothersome (person); troublesome [mozahem] 8

Z
pl. of fic ; fields; farms [mzare'] 15
kcZ
wage; pay; compensation; recompense [mozd] 11
a
for men; manly; masculine; courageous [mrdane(h)]

10

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field; farm; plantation [mzr'e(h)]

taste; flavor; seasoning [mzze(h)]

15

good tidings; presage [mode(h)]

eyelash; lash [moe(h)]

copper [mes]
traveler; passenger; tourist [mosafer]
travel; journey; trip [mosafert] 8

problem [ms'le(h)]
equal; the same [mosavi]

drunk; intoxicated [mst]

tenant; leaseholder [most'jer]
despotic; despot [mostbed]

employee; waiter [mostxdem]

lavatory; toilet; outhouse; privy [mostrah]
independent; free; self-sufficient [mostqel]
direct; straight [mostqim]
drunkenness; intoxication [msti]
mosque [msjed] 8

Jame' Mosque in Isfahan [msjede jame']

Shah Mosque in Isfahan [msjede ah]

Sheykh Lotf Allah Mosque in Isfahan [msjede

New Mosque in Shiraz [msjede now]
house; dwelling; residence [mskn]
coppersmith [mesgr] 11
machine gun; successive; serial [moslsl]
Muslim [moslman] 13
toothbrush [mesvak] 11
Messiah; Christ [msih] 15
Christian [msihi] 13
direction [msir]
observation [moahede(h)]
fist [mot]

14

eager; keen; desirous; enthused [motaq]

common; in common [motrk]
customer; buyer; client [motri] 11
east; the Orient [mreq]

15

eyx lotfollah]

fic
sN
sa
s

\
fi
wt

q
_Z

s
FZ

r
oZ

n
o
w
n

Bashiri

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dualist; atheist; polytheist [morek]

drink; drinkable [mrub]
alcoholic drink [mrube lkoli] 11
constitutional [mrute(h)]
constitutional monarchy [mruteye sltnti]
torch; flare [m'l]
busy; occupied; engaged [mqul] 9
homework; exercise; training; drill [mq] 9
goatskin [mk]; musk [mok]
difficult; problem [mokel] 9
suspicious; questionable; dubious [mkuk]
black [meki]
Mashhad, city in NE Iran [mhd] 9
famous; well-known; reputable [mhur] 8
will (usu., divine) [miyyt]
interview [mosahebe(h)]
Egypt [mesr]
consumption; use [msrf] 14
according to; corresponding to [motabeq] 11
as usual [motabeqe m'mul] 11
study; research; survey [motale'e(h)] 11
doctor's office; clinic [mtbb]
kitchen [mtbx]
assistant; aid; helper [mo'aven]
treaty; pact; covenant [mo'ahede(h)]
mine; quarry; deposit [m'dn]
few; limited [m'dud]
apology [m'zert]
introduction; presentation; sponsorship [mo'rrefi]
well-known; famous; popular [m'ruf]
beloved; lover; paramour [m'uq]
teacher; instructor; trainer [mo'llem] 4
female teacher [mo'lleme(h)]
teaching; pedagogy [mo'llemi]
known; set; steady; evident [m'lum] 13
puzzle; riddle; enigma; crossword [mo'mma]
architect [me'mar]

o
[t
Z [t
fit
fit

fi

p
fi

rt
s
r
at
\c
N
mt
n
N
fiN
N
q
N
c

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defeated; beaten; conquered [mqlub]

Mongol; the Mongols [moqol]
free; complimentary; gratis [moft]
useful; helpful [mofid] 11
opposite; against; facing [moqabel]
article; monograph [mqale(h)]
rank; position; status; standing [mqam]
resistance; opposition; perseverance [moqavemt]
comparison [moqayese(h)]
amount; volume; rate [meqdar] 13
some; a certain amount [meqdri] 13
sacred; hallowed; blessed; holy [moqdds]
preceding; prior; preferred [moqddm]
pl. of fi ; preliminaries; rudiments [moqddmat]
introduction; preface; rudiment [moqddme(h)]
Macedonian [mqduni]
destination [mqsd]
guilty; culprit; offender [moqsser]
intention; purpose; objective [mqsud]
cunning; deceitful; tricky person; impostor [mkkar] 11
conversation; dialog; discourse [mokaleme(h)]
place; spot; lodging; station [mkan]
Mokran, southeastern province of Iran [mokran]
old-fashioned primary school taught by a mullah [mktb]
Mecca [mkke(h)]
to suck; to suckle [mkidn (mk)]
surprise marker; except; unless [mgr] 14
fly [mgs]
mullah; Islamic teacher; preacher [molla] 13
sheet (linen) [mlafe(h)]
meeting; visit; interview [molaqat] 9
mild; gentle; moderate; soothing [molayem] 14
nation [mellt]
kingdom; dominion; land [molk]
queen [mlke(h)]
pl. of ; nations [mell]
seaman; sailor [mlvan]

12 ; estate; property [melk]; king [mlk]

[
p

fi
q
t
fi
cZ
wcZ
eN
qN
\N
fiN
t

N
a
cN
fi
r
rZ

fiN
)* r

N
fi
\

fi

rZ

Bashiri

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I; me; my; mine; measure of weight equal to 6 kilos [mn] 1

suitable; fitting; reasonable [monaseb] 7
connection; occasion [monasebt] 11
pl. of fi ; regions; territories; zones [mnateq]
pl. of s ; scenes; sights; spectacles [mnazer]
pl. of ; profits; benefits; advantages; interests [mnafe']
pulpit; lectern [menbr]
source; origin; cause; reservoir [mnb']
praise; indebtedness; grace [mennt]
waiting; expecting [montzer] 9
transferred; transplanted [montqel] 11
end; the maximum; extremity [montha]
to the end of; to the maximum level ; to the zenith of [monthaye]
house; dwelling; residence; a day's journey [mnzel]
secretary; clerk [moni]
logic; dialectics [mnteq]
zone; region; area [mntqe(h)]
view; sight; landscape [mnzre(h)]
gain; profit; interest; use [mnf't]
negative [mnfi]
pot of fire [mnql]
tassel [mngule(h)]
14
Manuchehr, first name (male) [mnuehr] 4
Manuchehri, Persian poet (d. 1040) [mnuehri] 15
Manizheh, first name (female) [mnie(h)] 4
hair; tress; filament [mu] 4
standards; measurements [mvazin] 12
careful; heedful; attentive [movazeb]
in accord; concurring; in agreement [movafeq]
consent; agreement; approval [movafeqt]
engine; motor [motor] 11
motorcycle [motorsiklet]
wave; surge; tide; frequency [mowj]
cause; reason; motive [mowjeb]
existing; at hand; available; creature [mowjud]
pl. of a ; creatures [mowjudat]
ant [mure(h)]

15

w
p

fi
s

fi

w
s

dZ
Z
Z
Z
c
c
^

a
\Za
fic

117

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music [musiqi]
mouse; rodent [mu] 11
rocket; missile; little mouse [muk]
place; position; stronghold [mowze']
topic; subject; matter; proposition [mowzu'] 10
success; prosperity [movffqiyyt]
temporary; interim; provisional [movqqt] 12
temporarily; provisionally [movqqtn]
author; writer; compiler [mo'llef]
Jalal al-Din Rumi, author of the mathnavi [mowlvi]
wax [mum] 14
mummy; mummified [mumia'i]
same as s ; moon [mh]
immigration; migration; flight [mohajert]
skill; dexterity [mhart]
moonlight [mhtab]
sun; love; kindness; Mehr, seventh month of the solar year [mehr]
Mehr Abad airport in Tehran [mehrabad] 12
kind; loving [mehrban] 5
kindness [mehrbani] 9
Mehrdad, first name (male) [mehrdad] 2
important; vital; main; leading [mohemm] 10
munitions; armaments [mohemmat]
guest; visitor; company [mehman] 7
small hotel (lit., house for guest) [mehmanxane(h)]
get-together; party [mehmani] 10
engineer [mohndes] 4
architect; civil engineer [mohndese saxteman]
engineering [mohndesi]
Mahin, first name (female) [mhin]
wine [mey]
middle; center [mian] 11
among; alternate [dr mian]
middle-aged [miansal] 13
interval; middle; center; between two things [miane(h)]
nail; peg [mix]
square; plaza; opportunity [meydan]

k
N
N
N
N
w
q

fi
\
\c
[

a
r

aZa
N
\N
r
fi

e
r e

r
r ca
p
fi

rZ

Bashiri

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mechanic [mikanik]
tavern [meykde(h)]
germ; microbe [mikrob]
desire; wish; trend; drift; bent [meyl] 9 ; knitting needle; mile [mil]
birth [milad] 15
Birth of Christ (B.C.) [milade msih] 15
of the Christian era [miladi] 15
rod; shaft; axle; knitting needle [mile]
million; same as r [miliyun]
monkey; ape [meymun] 15
mine (land or sea) [min]
Mina; first name (female) [mina] 2
Minu, first name (female) [minu] 2
draft [minut]
mini(skirt) [miniup] 11
miniskirt wearer [miniup pu] 11
fruit [mive(h)] 9
fruit seller [mive(h) foru] 11
fruit stand; where fruits are sold; selling fruits [mive(h)forui] 11
native country; motherland; homeland [mihn]
patriot [mihn prst]

hopeless; disappointed; discouraged [naomid] 11

hopelessness [naomidi]
genius; gifted [nabeqe(h)]
unfamiliar; stranger; unskilled [nabld]
extinct; defunct [nabud]
blind [nabina] 11
dirty; impure; unclean; polluted [napak]
indecent; unsavory; unbecoming [napsnd] 11
incomplete; defective [naqes]
suddenly [nagah]
distasteful; unpleasant [nagovar]
suddenly [naghan]

s
[t

a
a
wa
fi
r
r

\
~t
f ~t
s
ft s
t s

r
Z
wZ
fi

s
cZ

119

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unknown; undecided; uncertain [nam'lum] 11

letter (mail) [name(h)] 8
to name; to call [namidn (nam)]
bread [nan] 4
long; flat bread baked on hot pebbles [nane sngk]
breadwinner; head of the family [nanavr]
baker [nanva]
bakery [nanva'i] 10
warship; ship; boat [nav]
drain pipe [navdan]
lunch(eon) [nahar] 9
successful; achieving; same as [nayel]
nylon [naylon]
plant; vegetable; rock candy [nbat]
result; consequence [ntije(h)] 14
prose [nsr]
chastity; decency [nejabt]
carpenter [njjar]
carpentry [njjari]
string; thread [nx]
first; foremost [noxost]
prime minister [noxost vzir] 12
palm (tree) [nxl]
palm grove [nxlestan]
chickpea [noxod]
same as ; no [nxeyr]
backgammon [nrd] 13
ladder [nrdeban]
nurse [ners] 4
narcissus [nrges]
same as ; among; with (usu., with ezafe ) [nzd] 11
near; close; vicinity; intimate [nzdik] 4
pl. of |a ; relatives [nzdikan]
vicinity; proximity; nearness [nzdiki] 10
race; breed; ethnic origin [nead]
prescription [nosxe(h)]
generation [nsl]

q
fi
)q* r
r
r
ct r
Z
Z
t
rZat
c

r
\
fi

cN
wcN

dt

r
a

a
ra
e

a
a
ra
a
aZ
fi

Bashiri

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advice; counsel [nsiht] 12

Nizam al-Mulk, Saljuq court minister (1018-1092) [nezamol molk]
Nizami, Persian poet (1141-1203); military [nezami] 15
opinion; view [nzr] 14
view; idea; opinion [nzriyye(h)]
discipline; poetry [nzm]
peer; equal; match; like [nzir]
saucer [n'lbeki]
mint [n'na']
kerosene; petroleum; oil [nft] 11
made of oil; polluted with oil; oil seller [nfti]
individual; soldier; counter for people and camels [nfr] 2
hate; disgust; aversion [nefrt]
self; essence; passion [nfs]; breath; breeze [nfs]
influence [nofuz]
painter [nqqa]
cash money; criticism [nqd]
design; picture [nq]
map; chart; plan (of action) [nqe(h)] 8
narration; transportation [nql] 13; sweetmeats [noql]
to write [negatn (negar)]
look; glance; glimpse [negah] 7
meaningful look [negahe m'nidar]
unhappy; restless; anxious [negran] 13
anxiety [negrani]
guard; watchman [neghban]
guardianship; custody [neghbani]
to keep [neghdatn (neghdar)] 13
e.g., pres. : acZ - wcZ - qcZ
to keep full [por]
prayer; worship [nmaz] 6
exhibition hall; showroom [nmayegah] 11
play (theater) [nmayename(h)]
representative; agent; delegate [nmaynde(h)]
felt [nmd]
number; figure; grade [nomre(h)]
salt [nmk]

Z q

fiN

b
fN

fi

)c*
s
cZa s
rZ
Z
r

)cZ* Z

15

(
)s

d
* s
fi
s

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to establish [brqrar] 12
to clean [pak]
to clean [tmiz]
to protect; to learn by memory [hefz]
to carry; to transport [hml] 14
to shop [xrid]
to make quiet; to pacify [saket] 12
to begin; to initiate [oru']
to unite; to unify; to make one [motthed]
to put in order; to arrange [morttb]
to use [msrf] 14
to appoint; to fix; to assign [mo'yyn]
specimen; model; sample; pattern [nemune(h)]
(dear) grandma! [nne(h)jan] 8
new; recent [now]
anew [zsre now]
pl. of fi ; districts [nvahi] 13
to fondle; to caress; to play (music) [nvaxtn (nvaz)]
tape (recording) [nvar]
turn (taking turns); watch [nowbt]
ninety [nvd]
light; luminosity; radiance [nur] 10
Iranian New Year (see comprehension) [nowruz] 14
nineteen [nuzdh] 7
drink; beverage [nuabe(h)]
to write; to compose [nevetn (nevis)] 8
to enroll; to register [esm] 11
to drink; to swig [nuidn (nu)]

same as rZtZ ; famous Sassanian monarch [nowirvan]

kind; sort; species [now'] 10
point; top; summit [nok] 14
servant [nowkr]
same as Z ; disappointed [nowmid]
grandchild [nve(h)] 15
writing; literary composition; creative writing [nevisndegi]
author; writer [nevisnde(h)] 15
no [n] 4; nine [noh] 2

( cZ
( o
(
(
(
(
(
( kt
( N
( N
( m
( N

( Z
12

fi
r fi

dZ
Z
)dZ* Z
cZ

a
c
dtc
sad
fi
)*
)f* r
rZt
k
o

s
fi

Bashiri

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nine hundred [nohsd] 9

ninth [nohom]
neither... nor [n ... n] 10
reed; flute [ney] 12
need; poverty [niaz]
needy; in need [niazmnd]
force; power; energy [niru]
powerful; robust; strong [nirumnd]
also [niz] 9
a reedbed [neyestan]
annihilation; nonexistence [nist]
sting; fang [ni]
Nishapur; town in NE Iran, birthplace of Omar Khayyam [niapur]
sugar cane [neyekr]
same as ; good [nik]
prosperous; happy [nikbxt]
prosperity; happiness [nikbxti]
excellent; good [niku] 12
benevolent; righteous person [nikukar] 12
kindness; fairness; goodness [niki]
indigo; the Nile [nil]
indigo [nili]
half; semi- [nim] 9
pale (color) [nimrng] 9
(eggs) fried on one side [nimru]
half an hour from now [nim sa'te digr]
bench; pew [nimkt]
same as ; e.g., fi ; midnight [nime(h)] 8
midnight [nimeye b] 8
around midnight; about midnight [nimehaye b] 8

and; in addition; (in telling time) past [v] 3

waterproof [vaterpuruf]
bli t
i
b t
i d [ j b]

fi /// fi

d
) + d* d
t
t

)r + * r

t
a

fi
fi
w fi

t
t
mtZt
Z

123

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mediation; means; cause; sake [vasete(h)]

event; happening; episode [vaqe'e(h)]
voice [vak]
polish (shoes); wax [vaks] 12
vaccine [vaksn]
wagon [vagon]
contagious [vagir]
loan; debt [vam]
volleyball [valibal]
bathtub [van]
whereas [vanghi]
dread; fear; awe [vahme(h)]
cholera [vba]
veto [veto]
span [vjb]
conscience [vejdan]
existence; presence [vojud] 11
unity; oneness [vhdt]
wild; untamed; savage [vhi]
inspiration; revelation [vhy]
vodka [vodka]
exercise; sports [vrze] 12
sportsman; athlete; gymnast [vrzekar]
experienced; skilled; trained [vrzide(h)]
bankruptcy [vrekstegi]
page; sheet (paper); card (game) [vrq] 2
swelling; inflation [vrm]
entrance; entry [vorud]
Wazirship; ministry [vezart]
ministry (building) [vezartxane(h)]
weight; tonnage; dignity [vzn]
government minister; wazir [vzir]
pl. of fit ; means [vsayel]
kitchen utensils [vsayele apzxane(h)]
weapons [vsayele jngi]
means of defense [vsayele defa']
middle; center [vst]

fiZt
fiZt
oZt
Zt
Zt
rZt
Zt
qZt
pZt
rZt
Zt
fiZt
t
t
t
rZt
at
\t
t
t
at
fdct
cdct
sdct
ct
nct
qct
atct
\cZdt
ficZdt
rdt
dt
t
fi t
t
ka t
t

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will (document) [vsiyytname(h)]

status; situation; condition [vz'] 11
state of affairs; situation [vz'iyyt]
ablution [vozu]
motherland [vtn]
duty; responsibility [vzife(h)]
promise; covenant; time; turn [v'de(h)]
sermon; preaching by a mullah [v'z]
et cetera; so on and so forth [v qeyre(h)]
loyalty; faithfulness [vfa]
passing away; demise; death [vfat]
loyal; faithful [vfadar]
loyalty [vfadar]
pl. of fiZt ; events [vqaye']
time [vqt] 5
punctual [vqtenas]
when; once [vqti] 9
when; the time when [vqtike(h)]
attorney; deputy; member of parliament [vkil]
same as fi Z t ; otherwise [vgrn] 14
province [velayt]
volt [volt]
stray; vagrant; vagabond; tramp; hobo [velgrd]
but; however [vli] 3 ; parent; guardian [vl]
crown prince; successor [vli'hd]
same as t Z ; he or she [vey] 12
vitamin [vitamin]
store window [vitrin]
editor [virastar]
ruined; destroyed; razed; devastated [viran]
devastated place; ruins [virane(h)]
visa [viza]
special [vie(h)]
being special; purity [viegi]
whiskey [viski]
same as Z t ; and this [vin]
violin [vialon]

11

fiNt
t
Nt
t
t
fit
st
t
s t
t
\t
)cZa +t * cZat
wcZat
t
t
) + t* e t
t
fit
t
fit
t
t
at
t
t
wt
t
t
cZt
rZt
fiZt
Zt
st
t
t
t
rt

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attack; assault; charge [hojum]

Achaemenid, Iran's first important ruling house [hxamnei]
guidance; direction [hedayt]
target; goal; objective [hdf]
gift; present [hediye(h)]
every; whatever [hr] 8
same as fia ; every time; every instance; each time [hrbar]
everywhere; wherever; every place [hrja] 12
as much as; no matter what [hr eqdr]
although [hrnd]
whatever 12 ; the more... the more ... [hr e(h)] 15
as soon as possible; the soonest [hr e(h) zudtr] 9
both [hrdo]
same as c ; every time; each time [hrdf'e(h)] 8
everyday; each day [hrruz] 8
in whatever manner; anyhow [hrtowr] 12
in whatever amount [hrqdr] 12
each [hrkodam] 12
everybody; anybody [hrks] 12
same as ; never; (takes negative verb) [hrgez]
whenever [hrvqt] 9
thousand [hezar] 3
expenses [hzine(h)]
pit; stone (cherry); nucleus [hste(h)]
eight [ht] 2
eighty [htad] 9
eight hundred [htsd] 9
eighth [htom]
seven [hft] 2
seventy [hftad] 8
seven hundred [hftsd]
weekly [hftegi]
seventh [hftom]
week; seven days [hfte(h)] 7
seventeen; same as s [hevdh]
peach [holu] 4
helicopter [helikupter/helkupter]

Z
m
fi

fi
atd fi
ta
fia
dtc
c
c
qZ

t
cZ
fi
fi

fi
s

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classmate [hmdrs]
accomplice; collaborator; associate [hmdst] 14
confidant(e); intimate friend [hmdm]
each other [hmdigr] 8
boon companion; confidant(e); crony [hmraz]
companion; fellow traveler [hmrah]
assistance; aid; support [hmrahi]
of same rank [hmradif]
of same color [hmrng] 11
contemporary; happening or occurring at the same time [hmzman]
of same age [hmsal]
uniform; similar; equal [hmsan]
neighbor [hmsaye(h)] 11
spouse [hmsr] 4
fellow traveler [hmsfr] 11
fellow citizen [hmhri] 13
sharing the same opinion [hm'qide(h)] 11
cohort; of the same rank (army) [hmqtar]
colleague; fellow worker [hmkar] 7
cooperation [hmkar]
classmate [hmkelas]
schoolmates [hmmdrese(h)] 11
fellow countryman; compatriot [hm mihn] 10
close companion [hmnein]
fellow creature [hmnow'] 11
all; everybody; everyone [hme] 7
both...and [hm...hm] 10
eternal; lasting; permanent [hmiegi]
always; perpetually; eternally; for ever [hmie(h)] 9
this same one; this very thing [hmin] 9
at random; without reason [hmintowr]
as soon as; when [hminke(h)]
same as rt ; India [hend] 3
geometry [hendese(h)]
Indo-European [hend v orupa'i]
watermelon [hendvane(h)] 4
same as ; India [hendustan]

ec

dZ
sZ
Z
a

r
p
r
fi

w
s
c
c
wc
e
fic

) + *
k
fi
///

fi

c
fi

fi
tcZ t
fiZt
rt

127

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meteorologist [hvaenas] 11
meteorology [hvaenasi] 11
caprice; whim [hvs]
intelligence; intellect [hu]
intelligent; shrewd [humnd]
Hushang; first name (male) [hung]
senses [hu v hvas]
intelligent; alert; sober; clever [huiar]
carrot [hvij] 15
apparent; evident; manifest [hoveyda]
uproar; commotion; ado; fuss; brawl [hyahu]
majesty; awe; dignity; presence [heybt]
hippie [hipi] 11
excitement; commotion; agitation [hyjan]
eighteen [hijd(h)] 7
nothing; at all; none (takes the verb in the negative) [hi] 6
nowhere; no place [hija] 6
nothing; anything [hiiz] 6
none; neither [hikodam] 6
no one; nobody [hiks] 6
at no time; never [higah] 11
under no circumstances [higune(h)] 11
never [hivqt] 6
none [hiyek]
firewood; kindling [hizom] 12
seventeen [hivdh] 7
board; council; group; form; figure [hey't]
firewood; dried shrub used as kindling [hime(h)]

or (often used with t ; i.e., t )

memory; reminiscence [yad] 6
note; memorandum [yaddat]
souvenir; keepsake [yadgar]
companion; friend; lover [yar]
yard [yard]
eleven [yazdh] 2

[ya]

Z* eZ
Z
e
f

eZt f
c

r
s



qZ

s
fi

q
s

fi

a
Zaa
ca
c
ac

Bashiri

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to realize [dr]
to intensify [eddt]

ruby [yaqut]
mane [yal]
either... or [ya ... ya]
orphan [ytim]
ice; cold [yx] 10
refrigerator [yxal] 10
chest; ice-box [yxdan] 11
God [yzdan]
that is to say; namely [y'ni]
collar [yqe(h)]
one; a; (this numeral does not combine with ) [yek] 2
unique; unparalleled [yekta]
alone; single-handed; singly [yektne(h)]
some (time) [yeknd]
every other one; alternate(ly) [yekdrmian]
pure; uniform [yekdst]
in agreement [yekdel]
each other; one another [yekdigr]
of one color; sincere [yekrng]
level; even; alike; equal [yeksan] 12
one-way (ticket); direct; straight [yeksre(h)]
Sunday [yeknbe(h)] 10
having only one story (building) [yektbqe(h)]
one-way (street) [yektrfe(h)]
one-ply; thin; single [yekla]
the first [yekom]
single; for one person [yeknfre(h)]
monotonous; tedious [yeknvaxt]
one [yeki] 8
one of [yeki z] 8
one by one; one at a time; singly [yek yek] 14
one by one [yeki yeki]
one; unique [yegane(h)]
Yen, Japanese monetary unit [yen]
slow; low; gentle; soft [yva]

( ca
( \N

\
p
///

p
rZ
rZa

fiN

fi

r ca

r
s
fi
fi
fi

s
Z

dZ


fi

fZ