BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PAPER

HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

Raihan Alisha Nabila

1306437126

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA
DEPOK 2013

DEFINITION

Housing Construction is a process of constructing a house. In order to build a house

,first we have to know the types of the house , the types of structure of the house and also the
functions of the members in the structure. Because houses must have a foundation ,walls
,windows ,doors and a roof.

THE TYPES

There are types of housing constructions:

Timber Frame Construction

Timber frame construction is a method of building which relies on a timber

frame as a basic of structural support. Timber frame construction is one of the most
common types of home construction. It is a form of wood frame construction that
relies on large wooden beams for its basic construction, with more narrow timber
beams in between them.During the construction , open panel timber frame is covered
internally by plasterboard,filled with high performance insulation.
THE STRUCTURE
Traditional timber framing is the method of creating framed structures of
heavy timber jointed together with various joints, and originally with lap jointing, and
then later pegged mortise and tenon joints. Diagonal bracing is used to prevent
"racking", or movement of structural vertical beams or posts.
1. Timbers

The vertical timbers include:

posts (main supports at corners and other major uprights),

wall studs (subsidiary upright limbs in framed walls), e.g close studding.

The horizontal timbers include:

sill-beams (also called ground-sills or sole-pieces, at the bottom of a wall into which
posts and studs are fitted using tenons),

noggin-pieces (the horizontal timbers forming the tops and bottoms of the frames of
infill panels),

wall-plates (at the top of timber-framed walls that support the trusses and joists of the
roof).

The sloping timbers include:

trusses (the slanting timbers forming the triangular framework at gables and roof),

braces (slanting beams giving extra support between horizontal or vertical members
of the timber frame),

herringbone bracing (a decorative and supporting style of frame, usually at 45 to the

upright and horizontal directions of the frame).

Wood Panels Construction

Unlike timber frame construction , it is literally inexpensive to construct. It has

very high energy performance. Besides, wood construction does not support any approximate
dimensions or calculations .

Manufactured Construction

Manufactured Construction is a type of prefabricated construction that

is largely assembled in factories and then transported to sites of use. It can reduce the
duration of the building process.Nowadays The manufactured construction has been
developing,but it might still not available in every country.It also can be called as
mobile houses.

Concrete Construction

Insulated Concrete Form, or ICF, construction is a growing type of home construction.

This process uses concrete forms to provide superior structure and rigidity, all while
removing the need to harvest trees or manufacture prefab plastic components from petroleum,

making ICF an environmentally option. ICF construction is also highly resistant to fire and
insects.

Steel Stud Construction

It is the same with the other techniques , it only replaces the wood beams with
steel.Other than wooden studs,we dont have to be worry about problems like
rotting,warping,shrinking,cracking and splitting. Steel studs wont burn in a fire .
These lighter and more stable studs can also withstand earthquakes and tornadoes
better than their wooden counterparts.
TYPES OF STRUCTURE
Rigid-frame

A rigid frame is a structural configuration consisting of a frame in which the

connections between all of the frame pieces are fixed at particular angles that do not change.
Advantages of Frame Structures

1.

One of the best advantages of frame structures is their ease in construction. it is very
east to teach the labor at the construction site.
2.
Frame structures can be constructed rapidly.
3.
Economy is also very important factor in the design of building systems. Frame
structures have economical designs.
Truss

A
A truss can be thought of as a beam where the web consists of a series of
separate members instead of a continuous plate.A type of structure formed by members in
triangular form.In truss joints are pin connected and loads are applied at joints.

STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

Beam

The functions of beam are to tranverse loading such as vertical loads , and
gravity loads.These loads create shear and bending within the beam, distribute the forces
along the slab, which are then dispersed into the columns. The beams are not just there for
extra height, but for a way to lessen the extra load, while providing a surface.

Columns

Column is a vertical structural member.It transmits the load from ceiling/roof

slab and beam,including its self-weight to the foundation.It is to compressive loads.

Strut

A strut is a structural component designed to resist longitudinal compression.

Struts provide outwards-facing support in their lengthwise direction, which can be used to
keep two other components separate, performing the opposite function of a tie.

Beam-column

Beam columns are member that are subjected to both axial compression and
bending while bending is as important as axial compression.

Cables and Arches

Cables are usually suspended at their ends and are allowed to sag.The
forces are pure tension and are directed along the axis of a cable.Arches are similar to cables
except hath they are inverted.They carry compressive loads that are directed along the axis of
the arch.

Plates and Slabs

Plates are three dimensional flat structural components usually made of metal that are
often found in floors and roofs of structures .Slabs are similar to plates except that
they are usually made of concrete.

REFERENCES
Fundamentals of Building Constructions .Making Buildings,Edward Allen and Joseph Iano
http://www.nahb.org/reference_list.aspx?sectionID=2668
http://www.enggpedia.com/civil-engineering-encyclopedia/dictionary/structuralengineering/334-structure-types-of-structures
http://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/construction/materials/steel-studs-morecommon-than-wood.htm
http://www.concept-bio.eu/wood-manufacture-timber-frame-construction.php
http://www.enggpedia.com/civil-engineering-encyclopedia/dictionary/structuralengineering/334-structure-types-of-structures