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viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
qaM 2010
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
matika
Contents
I. esckIepIm (Introduction)
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
viPaKFwmebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
ii
Contents
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
V.
viFIKNnaepSgeTot
Reinforcement) ........................................................................................................111
iii
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
PaBdab nigsameRbH
RbEvgEdkbgb; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
dc
T.Chhay
iv
Contents
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kmaMgkat;TTwg nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
Shear and Diagonal Tension
matika
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
IX.
kRmalxNmYyTis
ssrrgkmaMgcMGkS
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
11>8> ersIusg;rbs;ssrsRmab;kar)ak;edaykarsgt;
vi
Contents
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
11>11>3 ersIusg;rbs;muxkat;mUlsRmab;kar)ak;edaykarTaj
11>13> karKNnassreRkambnkcakpit
(Design of Columns under Eccentric Loading) ...................................................292
11>13>1 KNnassrsRmab;kar)ak;edaykarsgt;
11>13>2 KNnassrsRmab;kar)ak;edaykarTaj
ssrEvg
matika
vii
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
XIII.
eCIgtag
FOOTINGS
viii
Contents
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CBaaMgTb;
Retaining Wall
karKNnasMrab;kmaMgrmYl
Design for Torsion
matika
ix
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
FwmCab; nigeRKag
Contents
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
16>14> karEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijnm:Um:g;GviCmanenAkgFwmCab;
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
matika
xi
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
17>8> karviPaKkRmalxNBIrTisedayviFIKNnaedaypal;
17>8>4> karEbgEckm:Um:g;tamTTwgkgkRmalxN
CeNIr
Stairs
xii
Contents
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
XIX.
esckIENnaMBIebtugkugRtaMg
xiii
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
.........................................................................................................................702
xiv
Contents
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
I.
esckIepIm
1>1> rcnasm<nBIebtugGarem:
ebtug Cafsib,nimitEdlekIteLIgedaysarkarpSMKansmarCaeRcIndUcCa fbMEbk xSac; sIum:gt Twk
nigeBlxHmanTwkfaMKImI. smarTaMgenHRtUv)anlaybBalKaedaysmamaRtRtwmRtUv Tuk[kkkayeTACa
ebtug. ebtugCasmarEdleFVIkar)anlnwgkarsgt;.
edIm,I[smareFVIBIebtugGacTb;nwgkarBt;)an luHRtaEtvaRtUv)anBRgwgedaysrsEdk eBlenaH
eK[eQaHvafa ebtugGarem:. EdkCasmarEdleFVIkar)anlnwgkarTaj.
CaTUeTAkgkarKNnarcnasm<nBIebtugGarem:mYy KWeKRtUvGnuvteLIgCaBIrCMhanFM
- kMNt;nUvRbePTbnkepSgEdlGnuvtmkelIrcnasm<n edayeRbInUvviFIsaRsRtwmRtUvkgkarviPaK
eRKOgbgM.
- kMNt;nUvTMhMmuxkat;EdknRKb;rcnasm<nTaMgGs; [manlkNesdkic edayBicarNaelIsuvtiPaB
sirPaBkareRbIR)as; nigtYnaTIrbs;eRKOgbgM.
ebtugGarem: CasmarmYyEdleKeRbIR)as;CaTUeTAenAkgkarKNnaGKarRKb;RbePT. vaCasmarEdl
pMeLIgedaysmarBIrRbePTKW ebtug nigEdk. eRKOgbgMEdleFVIBIebtugGarem: RtUv)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;RTnUv
bnkeRcInRbePT.
1>2> KuNsm,ti nigKuNvibtirbs;ebtugGarem:
ebtugGarem: CasmarEdlRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;y:agTUlMTUlaysRmab;RbePTCaeRcInneRKOgbgM.
vaRtUv)aneKykmkeRbobeFobCamYynwgEdk sRmab;lkNesdkic nigkarRbtibti.
KuNsm,tirbs;ebtugGarem:RtUv)ansegbdUcxageRkam
- vamanersIusg;x<s;kgkarsgt; (high compressive strength)
- vaTb;Tl;nwgePIg)anlCagEdk
- vamanGayukalEvgCamYynwgkarEfTaMTab
- sRmab;eRKOgbgMxHdUcCa TMnb;Twk ssr nigeCIgtag vaCasmarEdlmanlkNesdkicx<s;
- vaGacRtUv)aneKeRbIsRmab;kMNt;rUbragtamtRmUvkar nigeFVICaeRKOgbgMcak;eRscCamYynwgPaB
dabGb,brma.
esckIepIm
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
KuNvibtirbs;ebtugGarem:RtUv)ansegbdUcxageRkam
- vamanersIusg;TabkgkarTajRbEhlCamYyPaKdb;nersIusg;rgkarsgt;
- vaRtUvkarkarlay karcak; karEfTaM EdlTaMgenHsuTEtCH\TiBldl;ersIusg;rbs;va
- Bum<EdleRbIsRmab;cak;ebtugmantmx<s;. tmBum<esIresInwgtmebtug.
- vamanersIusg;rgkarsgt;TabCagEdkRbEhlCadb;dg EdlCaehtueFVI[muxkat;ssrFMsRmab;
GKareRcInCan;.
- vaekItmansameRbH EdlbNalmkBIkarrYmmaD nigkarGnuvtrbs;bnkGefr.
1>3> bnk
eRKOgbgMrcnasm<nRtUv)anKNnaedIm,IRTnUvbnkCak;lak;.
bnkKWCakmaMgTaMgLayNaEdlGnuvtmkelIrcnasm<n Edlpl;nUvsmamaRtmuxkat;rbs;va. CaTU
eTAbnkRtUv)anEckecjCa bnkefr bnkGclt nigbnkGefr bnkclt.
bnkefr (Dead load) EdlrYmmanTmn;rbs;rcnasm<n Tmn;pal;rbs;va nigTmn;smarepSgeTot
EdlmanenAelIeRKOgbgM dUcCa \dkar:U )ayGr ek,g CBaaMg >>>. bnkefrRtUv)anKNnaCamYynwgkRmitRtwm
RtUvnTMhMrbs;smar nigTmn;maDrbs;va.
bnkGefr (Live load) CabnkTaMgLayNaEdlminEmnCabnkefr. vaCaRbePTbnkEdlmanlkN
minnwg brBay bclt. vaGacGnuvtmkelIeRKOgbgMyWt Pam bBar bedk ehIyGaMgtg;sIuetrbs;vaGac
ERbRbYleTAtameBlevla. CaTUeTAbnkGefrrYmman
- bnkEdlekItBITmn;mnusS eRKOgsgarwm nig]bkrN_smar
- kmaMgpbEdl)anBIxl; nig)anBIbERmbRmYlsItuNPaB
- Tmn;rbs;RBilRbsinebIman
- sm<aFrbs;Twk bdImkelICBaaMgTb;dI
- Tmn;rbs;cracrN_mkelIs<an
- kmaMgpbDINamicEdl)anBIbnkclt bbnkb:HTgic rBayEpndI bkarpH
bnkRBilGacERbRbYlcenaHBI 0.5kN / m 2kN / m GaRsyelIGakasFatutamtMbn;.
bnkxl;GacERbRbYlcenaHBI 0.75kN / m 1.5kN / m GaRsynwgel,nxl;. sm<aFxl;n
eRKOgbgM F RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnxageRkam
2
F = 0.00064CsV 2
Edl
T.Chhay
- sm<aFxl; kN / m
Introduction
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
- el,nxl; m / s
C - emKuNrUbragrbs;GKar enAcenaHBI 1.2 1.3
taragTI1 bnkBRgayesI
Design live load
Occupancy
Content
Assembly hall
Fixed seats
Movable seats
Operating rooms
Private rooms
Guest rooms
Public rooms
Balconies
Private house and apartments
Public rooms
Classrooms
Corridors
Reading rooms
Stack rooms
Offices
Lobbies
Hospital
Hotel
Housing
Institution
Library
Office building
Stairs
Storage warehouses
kN / m 2
2.9
4.8
2.9
1.9
1.9
4.8
4.8
1.9
4.8
1.9
4.8
2.9
7.2
2.4
4.8
4.8
4.8
12.0
4.8
Light
Heavy
Specific gravity
Building material
Brick
Cement, Portland, loose
Cement, Portland, set
Earth, dry, packed
Sand or gravel, dry, packed
Sand or gravel, wet
Liquids
Oils
Water (at 4 o c )
Ice
Metal and mineral
Aluminum
Copper
Iron
Lead
Steel, rolled
Limestone or marble
esckIepIm
1.8-2.0
2.7-3.2
-
Density
kg / m 3
1924
1443
2933
1523
1600-1924
1892-1924
0.9-0.94
1
0.88-0.92
930
1000
898
2.55-2.75
9.0
7.2
11.38
7.85
2.5-2.8
2645
8913
7214
11380
7855
2645
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Sandstone
Shale or slate
Normal weight concrete
Plain
Reinforced or prestressed
2.2-2.5
2.7-2.9
2356
2805
2.2-2.4
2.3-2.5
2324
2405
1>4> karRbmUlbnk
edIm,IQaneTAdl;karKNnamuxkat;EdkEdlRtUvkar enAkgmuxkat;eRKOgbgM CadMbUgeyIgRtUvRbmUl
bnkTaMgGs;EdlmanGMeBIeTAelIeRKOgbgMenaH. karRbmUlbnkKWeyIgRtUvRbmUlBIelIcuHmkeRkam )annyfa
dMbUgeyIgRbmUlbnkelIdMbUl belIkRmalxN bnab;mkRbmUlbnkmkelIFwm rYcehIyRbmUlbnkmkelI
ssr nigcugeRkayRbmUlbnkmkelIRKwH.
bnkTMnajEckCabIRbePTKW
- bnkBRgayelIp Edlmanxat (kN / m ) bnkenHmanGMeBIelIkRmalxN bdMbUl. bnkTaMgenHrYm
man bnkGefr nigbnkefr rYmbBalTaMgTmn;pal;xn.
- bnkBRgayelIRbEvg Edlmanxat (kN / m) bnkenHmanGMeBIelIFwm. bnkTaMgenHrYmmanbnkEdl
)anbBanBIkRmalxNmkelIFwmtamsameRbH 45 bnkrbs;CBaaMg nigbnkpal;xn. bnkBRgayelI
RbEvgmanragCa ctuekaNEkg ctuekaNBay nigRtIekaN.
- bnkcMcMNuc Edlmanxat (kN ) bnkenHmanGMeBIelIssr nigRKwH. bnkTaMgenHrYmmanbnkEdl)an
bBanBIkRmalxNmkelIFwmehIybnbBanmkelIssr nigbnkpal;xn.
eRkABIbnkTMnajTaMgenH enAmanbnkedkeTot. eRkamGMeBInbnkEdl)anGnuvteTAelIrcnasm<n
eyIgGackMNt;)an nUvkmaMgkat;TTwg m:Um:g;Bt; >>>.
]TahrN_ eKmanpHmYyEdlmankMBs;1Can; 4m ehIymanTMhMdUcbgajkgrUb
k> cUrkMNt;bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIkRmalxN S
x> cUrkMNt;bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIFwm B1
K> cUrkMNt;bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIFwm B2
X> cUrkMNt;bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIssr C
dMeNaHRsay
k> kMNt;bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIkRmalxN S
bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIkRmalxNrYmmanbnkefr nigbnkGefr
bnkefrman
2
T.Chhay
Introduction
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
B2 (2030)
B1(2045)
C (2020)
Tile 1cm
Mortar 4cm
Concrete 12cm
Plastering 2cm
B2
Section A-A
Tile 1cm
Mortar 4cm
Concrete 12cm
Plastering 2cm
B1
Section B-B
esckIepIm
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
x> kMNt;bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIFwm B1
Fwm B1 RTkRmalxN S tamTisEvg
+ bnkpal;xn = 0.45 0.2 24 = 2.16kN / m CabnkrayragctuekaN
+ bnkCBaaMg\d 10cm= (4 0.45) 0.1 20 = 7.1kN / m CabnkrayragctuekaN
+ bnkkRmalxN = 4.38 (2 0.1) = 8.32kN / m CabnkrayragctuekaNBay
+ bnkGefr = 1.9 (2 0.1) = 3.61kN / m CabnkrayragctuekaNBay
xageRkamCataragbgajBIbnkEdlmanGMeBIelIFwm B1 KitkgmYyktaRbEvg
RbePTbnk
eQaHbnk
bnk (kN / m) ragBRgaybnk
2.16
bnkpal;xn
ctuekaN
bnkCBaaMg
7.1
bnkefr D
ctuekaN
16.64
bnkkRmalxN
ctuekaNBay
bnkGefr L
bnkclt
7.22
ctuekaNBay
T.Chhay
Introduction
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
B2 (2030)
B1(2045)
K> kMNt;bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIFwm B2
Fwm B2 RTkRmalxN S tamTisxI
+ bnkpal;xn = 0.3 0.2 24 = 1.44kN / m CabnkrayragctuekaN
+ bnkCBaaMg\d 10cm= (4 0.3) 0.1 20 = 7.4kN / m CabnkrayragctuekaN
+ bnkkRmalxN = 4.38 (2 0.1) = 8.32kN / m CabnkrayragRtIekaN
+ bnkGefr = 1.9 (2 0.1) = 3.61kN / m CabnkrayragRtIekaN
xageRkamCataragbgajBIbnkEdlmanGMeBIelIFwm B2 KitkgmYyktaRbEvg
RbePTbnk
eQaHbnk
bnk (kN / m) ragBRgaybnk
1.44
bnkpal;xn
ctuekaN
bnkCBaaMg
7.4
bnkefr D
ctuekaN
16.64
bnkkRmalxN
RtIekaN
bnkGefr L
bnkclt
7.22
RtIekaN
X> kMNt;bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIssr C
esckIepIm
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
B2 (2030)
C (2020)
B1(2045)
bnkssrCan;elI = [(4-0.12)0.20.2]24=3.72kN
+ bnkkRmalxNCan;elI S = 4.3846=105.12kN
+ bnkCBaaMgenAelIFwm B1 = (6-0.2)(4-0.45)0.120= 41.18kN
+ bnkCBaaMgenAelIFwm B 2 = (4-0.2)(4-0.3)0.120=28.12kN
+ bnkFwm B1 = (6-0.2)0.2(0.45-0.12)24=9.19kN
+ bnkFwm B 2 = (4-0.2)0.2(0.3-0.12)24=3.28kN
+ bnkGefr = 1.9(4-0.2)(6-0.2) = 41.88kN
dUcenHbnksrubEdlmanGMeBIelIssr C = 232.5kN
+
1>5> karbMElgbnk
edaysarbnkBRgayelIFwmmanragepSg EdlnaM[eyIgBi)akkgkaredaHRsay dUcenHeyIgeRbI
viFanbMElgbnkenaH[eTACaragctuekaNEkg.
k> karbMElgBIragRtIekaN mkragctuekaNEkg
q
T.Chhay
qe
Introduction
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
qe =
2
q
3
x> karbMElgbnkBIragctuekaNBaymkragctuekaNEkg
q
qe
4 a
qe = q[1 ( ) 2 ]
3 L
K> karRbmUlbnkBIelIkRmalxNmkelIFwm
edIm,IgayRsYl kgkarbMElgbnkBIelIkRmalxNmkelIFwm
eyIgGaceRbInUvrUbmnxageRkam
S - RbEvgtamTisxI
L - RbEvgtamTisEvg
m=
S
L
C
45o
45o
45o
45o
B
L
sRmab;FwmxI BC
bnkenAelIkRmal = w KitCa kN / m
RkLapbnkmkelIFwm = S4 KitCa m
2
esckIepIm
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
bnkmkelIFwm =
NPIC
Sw
Sw
2
3
KitCa kN / m
sRmab;FwmEvg AB
bnkenAelIkRmal = w KitCa kN / m
RkLapbnkmkelIFwm = SL2 S4 = S4 ( 2 mm ) KitCa m
2
bnkmkelIFwm =
Sw 3 m 2
(
)
3
2
KitCa kN / m bnkBRgayesI
1>6> eRKOgbgMnrcnasm<nebtugGarem:
ebtugGarem:CasmarEdlRtUveKRbIR)as;esIrRKb;GKar rYmbBalTaMgGKarmYyCan; nigeRcInCan;. rcna
sm<nnGKarEdleFVIBIebtugGarem:rYmman
- kRmalxN ( slab ) CaeRKOgbgMbnHedk EdlrgnUvbnkbBar kdUcCabnkedk. CaTUeTAkRmas;
rbs;kRmalxNmanTMhMtUcCagqayebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgbeNay bTTwgrbs;kRmal.
- Fwm ( beam ) CaeRKOgbgMEdlmanRbEvgEvg edk beRTt CamYynwgTTwg nigCeRmAkMNt;mYy.
tYnaTIcMbgrbs;FwmKWRTbnkmkBIkRmalxN nigxnvapal;.
- ssr ( column ) CaeRKOgbgMdsMxan; EdlmantYnaTIRTbnkEdlmkBIFwm bkRmalxN. vaGac
RbQmnwgkmaMgcMpit nigkmaMgcMpitrYmbBalm:Um:g;.
- eRKag ( frame ) CaeRKOgbgMEdlpSMeLIgedayman Fwm nigssr bpSMeLIgedayman kRmalxN Fwm
nigssr. vaGacCaeRKagsaTickMNt; beRKagsaTicminkMNt;.
- RKwH ( footing ) rYmman eCIgtag bRKwHCab; EdlRTssr nigbBanbnkeTAdIedaypal;.
- CBaaMg ( wall ) CaeRKOgbgMbnHbBar EdlRbQmnwgkmaMgTMnaj kdUcCakmaMgedk kgkrNIdUcCa
CBaaMgeRkamdI.
T.Chhay
10
Introduction
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
1>7> CMhannkarKNnaeRKOgbgMBIebtugGarem:
eRkayeBlEdlbg;sabtkm RtUv)anseRmcTTYlyk visVkrcab;epImkMNt;nUvRbBnrcnasm<ndl
mYy edayFananUvsuvtiPaB nigsirPaBrbs;GKar. KMnitnkarbegItKMrUrcnasm<nepSg kRtUv)anykmk
BicarNa edIm,ITTYl)anlkNesdkicx<s; edayQrelImUldansmar niglkxNdI. CaTUeTA lTpl
TaMgenHTTYl)anBI
- begItCaKMrUrcnasm<neRKOgbgMEdlRTRTg;bnk
- kMNt;nUvRbePTepSgKanbnkEdlmanGMeBIelIGKar
- viPaKrcnasm<neRKOgbgMedayeRbIkMuBTr bedayd edIm,IkMNt;nUvm:Um:g;Gtibrma kmaMgkat;TTwg
kmaMgrmYl kmaMgtamGkS nigkmaMgepSgeTot
- kMNt;smamaRtneRKOgbgM nigkMNt;nUvbrimaNEdkEdlRtUvkar
- begItnUvbg;rcnasm<n nigkarlMGitlkNbeckeTsedIm,IeFVIkarsagsg;
esckIepIm
11
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
II.
lkNnebtugGarem:
2>1> ktaCH\TiBldl;ersIusg;ebtug
CaTUeTAebtugCasmar EdlekItBIkarrYmpSMeLIgeday fbMEbk xSac; sIum:gt nigTwk EtkgkrNIxH Rb
ePTepSgnTwkfaMKImIkRtUv)anbEnmedIm,IehtuplepSg. smarTaMgenH)anlaypSMKa rYcRtUv)ancak;cUl
kgBum< Tuk[kkrwgedIm,I[ersIusg;rbs;vaekIneLIgCabnbnab;. ersIusg;rbs;ebtugvaGaRsyeTAelIktaCa
eRcIn ehIyvaGacERbRbYlsRmab;karplitdUcKa. ktacMbgsMxan;EdlCH\TiBldl;ersIusg;ebtugman
- pleFobTwkelIsIum:gt (water-cement ratio) vaCaktaEdlsMxan;CageK EdlCH\TiBleTAelIersIusg;rbs;ebtug. edIm,IseRmcnUvGIuRdakmrbs;sIum:gt pleFobTwkelIsIum:gt EdlRtUvkarcM)ac;RtUvesInwg 0.25
KitCam:as;;. pleFobTwkelIsIum:gt EdlmantmFMCag besInwg 0.35 edayKanlayTwkfaMKImI RtUv)aneRbI
sRmab;ebtugedIm,ImUlehtugayRsYleFVIkar. enAeBlEdlpleFobTwkelIsIum:gtmantmkan;EtFM enaHersIusg;ebs;ebtugkan;EtmantmtUc.
- lkN nigsmamaRtnsmasPaBnebtug ebtugCakarrYmpSMeLIgeday fbMEbk xSac; sIum:gt nig
Twk. karekIneLIgnUvbrimaNsIum:gt nigkareRbIR)as;nUvfbMEbkEdlmanlkNksNan eFVI[ersIusg;ebtug
ekIneLIg. TwkfaMKImIiBiesskRtUv)anbEnmedIm,IplitnUvebtugEdlmanKuNPaB nigersIusg;tamtRmUvkar.
- viFIlay nigkarEfTaM kareRbIR)as;nUvm:asIunlayebtug nigryeBlRtwmRtUvkgkarlaysuTEtCYy
sRmalnUv\TiBlEdlb:HBal;dl;ersIusg;ebtug. dUcKa kareRbIR)as;nUvm:asIunbgab;ebtug (vibrator) edIm,IeFVI
[ebtughab;ENn CYy[PaKryrnes<atkgebtugxiteTArktmGb,brma. pleFobrnes<at 5% eFVI[
ersIusg;ebtugFak;cuH 30% . karEfTaMebtugkCaktamYydsMxan;Edlman\TiBlelIersIusg;rbs;ebtugEdr.
TaMgsMeNIm nigsItuNPaBsuTEtman\TiBledaypal;eTAelIGIuRdatkmrbs;sIum:gt. ryeBlnkarmansM
eNImkan;EtEvg ersIusg;kan;EtekIneLIg. RbsinebIsItuNPaBkgGMLgeBlnkarEfTaMekInx<s;CagsItuNPaBkgGMLgeBlnkarcak;ebtug CalTplebtugmanersIusg;tamtRmUvkarmun 28f .
- Gayuebtug ersIusg;rbs;ebtugekIneLIgtamGayurbs;va ehIyGIuRdakmrbs;sIum:gtenAEtbnrab;Ex.
kgkarGnuvt ersIusg;ebtugRtUv)ankMNt;edaykareFVIBiesaFn_eTAelIsMNakKMrUragsIuLaMg bKUb enAGayu 7f
nig28f. CaTUeTA ersIusg;rbs;ebtugenAGayu 28fesInwg 1.3dgeTA 1.7dgnersIusg;ebtugenAGayu 7f .
sRmab;sIum:gtBrElnFmta ersIusg;ekIneLIgtameBledayeFobnwgersIusg;enAGayu 28fRtUv)anbgajkg
taragxageRkam
T.Chhay
12
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Gayu
pleFobersIusg;
0.67
14
28
0.86
Ex
1.17
Ex
1.23
qaM
1.27
qaM
1.31
qaM
1.35
ersIusg;eFob
5 10
10 20
15 30
20 40
30 60
45 90
60 120
90 180
1.09
1.06
1.00
0.96
0.91
0.86
0.84
0.82
eBlxHsMNakKMrUragsIuLaMgbTdanminRtUv)anykmkeFIVkarBiesaF. pleFobkm<s;elIGgt;pitrbs;
sMNakKMrUkan;EtFM ersIusg;kan;EtTabtamkarkt;sMKal;BIkareFVIBiesaFn_. edIm,ITTYl)annUversIusg;smmUl
eTAnwgersIusg;sMNakKMrUbTdaneKRtUvKuNnwgemKuNkMEn EdlmanbgajkgtaragxageRkam
pleFobkm<s;elIGgt;pit
emKuNkMEnersIusg;
ersIusg;eFobnwgsMNakKMrUbTdan
lkNnebtugGarem:
1.75
1.5
1.25
1.1
0.75
0.5
1.00
0.98
0.96
0.93
0.90
0.87
0.7
0.5
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.11
1.18
1.43
2.00
13
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
15.5
20
24.5
27
34.5
37
41.5
45
51.5
0.77
0.76
0.81
0.87
0.91
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.96
pleFobersIusg;
sMNaksIuLaMgelIsMNakKUb
CaTUeTAeKsnt;
2>2> ersIusg;rgkarsgt;
kgkarKNna eK)ansnt;faebtugCasarFatuEdlrgnUvkugRtaMgsgt; minEmnkugRtaMgTaj. dUecH
ersIusg;rgkarsgt;CalkNvinicy KuNPaBrbs;ebtug. sMNakKMrUsRmab;ykmkeFVIkarBiesaFmanTRmg;Ca
sIuLaMg KUb nigRBIs.
sMNakKMrUEdlmanTRmg; KUbEdlmanRTnug 15cm b 20cm RtUv)aneKeRbIenAcRkPBGg;eKs
GaLWm:g; nigEpkxHrbs;GWr:ub.
sMNakKMrURBIs RtUv)aneRbIenARbeTs)araMg rusSI nigRbeTsdTeTot ehIyCaTUeTAmanmuxkat;
7 7 30 b 10 10 50 edayeKykvaeTAsgt;epk.
muneKykvaeTABiesaF sMNakKMrURtUv)aneKEfTaMedaysMeNIm nigykeTABiesaFenAGayu 28 feday
GnuvtbnkekIneLIgrhUtdl;vaEbk. karEbkrbs;ebtugGacekIteLIgedaysar kugRtaMgTaj kugRtaMgkat;
kugRtaMgsgt; bbnSMnkugRtaMgTaMgenH.
T.Chhay
14
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karEbkrbs;sMNakKMrUebtugmanbIy:agdUcxageRkam
a. eRkamGMeBInkmaMgsgt;tamGkS sMNakKMrUGacEbkedaykmaMgkat;
b. sMNakKMrU)anEbkedaymanlkNCaCYr dUcCaeRcok. karEbkEbbenH ekIteLIgEtcMeBaHebtug
EdlmanersIusg;x<s;
c. ekIteLIgedaysarbnSMnkmaMgkat; nigkmaMgeRcok.
2>3> ersIusg;rgkarTaj
ebtugCasmarRsYy EdlvamanminGacRbQmnwgkugRtaMgTaj)an ehIyvaRtUv)aneKykmkBicarNa
sRmab;bBaaeRbH kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgrmYl.
karBiesaFedaypal;elIersIusg;rgkarTajminGaceFVIeTA)an edaykartRmg;min)anl nigbBaa
]bkrN_sRmab;cab;. dUecHkarBiesaFedayminpal; edIm,IQaneTAkMNt;ersIusg;rgkarTajman karBiesaF
edayeRcok nigkarBiesaFedaykarkac;bM)ak;.
karBiesaFedayeRcok RtUv)aneFVIelIsMNakKMrUragsIuLaMgbTdan 15 30cm . sMNakKMrURtUv)andak;
epk rYceRbIkmaMgsgt;elIkaRTnab;rhUtdl;eRcokEbkCaBIrbMENk.
karBiesaFedaykac;bM)ak; RtUv)aneFVIeLIgelIsMNakKMrUragRBIs 15 15 70cm dak;KgelITRmEdl
mancmay 60cm BIKa ehIyeKeRbIbnkedIm,Ikac;bM)ak;BIr Edlmancmay 10cm BIGkS.
CaTUeTAersIusg;rgkarTajmantmesInwg 10% nersIusg;rgkarsgt; mannyfaersIusg;rgkarTaj
tUcCagersIusg;rgkarsgt; 10 dg.
2>4> ersIusg;rgkarkat;
kmaMgkat;suTkRmnwgCYbRbTHenAkgeRKOgbgMebtugGarem:Nas; eRBaHCaTUeTAvaEtgEtekIteLIgeRkam
GMeBInkmaMgtamGkS. eRKOgbgMEdlrgnUvkmaMgkat;suTKW)ak;CaBIrcMENk. dUecHeRKOgbgMebtugRtUvEtrwg
RKb;RKan;edIm,ITb;nwgkmaMgkat;.
ersIusg;rgkarkat;RtUv)anKitedaymantmFMCag 20% 30% nersIusg;rgkarTaj besInwg 12%
nersIusg;rgkarsgt;.
lkNnebtugGarem:
15
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
2>5> m:UDuleGLasicrbs;ebtug
m:UDuleGLasic CalkNemkanicdsMxan;mYyrbs;ebtug Edl)anBIkarBiesaFkarsgt;elIsMNakKMrU
ragsIuLaMg. m:UDuleGLasic)anBIpleFobrvagkugRtaMg nigbERmbRmYlrageFob.
Ec =
unit stress
unit strain
xageRkamCarUbmnsamBasRmab;karKNna m:UDuleGLasicrbs;ebtug
Ec = 0.043w1.5 f 'c
Edl
- m:as;maDrbs;ebtug
f ' - ersIusg;rgkarsgt;sMNakKMrUsIuLaMg
kgkrNI w = 2320kg / m eK)an
w
Ec = 4700 f 'c
Ec
2(1 + )
RbsinebI = 16 G
= 0.43Ec
2>8> pleFobm:UDul
pleFobm:UDul n CapleFobrvagm:UDuleGLasicrbs;Edk nigm:UDuleGLasicrbs;ebtug.
n=
Es
Ec
edaym:UDuleGLasicrbs;Edkmantmefr E = 200000MPa
ehIym:UDuleGLasicrbs;ebtugGaRsynwgersIusg;rgkarsgt; E
42
n=
Edl f ' KitCa MPa .
f'
s
= 4700 f 'c
T.Chhay
16
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
2>9> bERmbRmYlmaDrbs;ebtug
ebtugTTYlnUvkarERbRbYlmaDkgxNeBlkkrwg. RbsinebIva)at;sMeNImedaysarrMhYt varYmmaD.
b:uEnRbsinebIvakkrwgkgTwk vanwgrIkmaD. ktankarERbRbYlmaDebtug naM[ekItmankarERbRbYlsMeNIm
RbtikmKImIrvagsIum:gt nigTwk bERmbRmYlsItuNPaB nigrgnUvbnk.
2>9>1> karrYmmaD
bERmbRmYlmaDebtugEdlrwg minesInwgmaDTwkEdl)an)at;bg;enaHeT. rMhYtnTwkesrIbegItnUvkarrYm
maDdtictYcbMputesIrEtKan. edaysarEtebtugbnkarkkrwg TwkRtUv)anhYt ehIymaDnTwksIum:gtERbRbYl
bNal[ebtugrYmmaD.
ktaCaeRcInEdlCH\TiBldl;karrYmmaDrbs;ebtug bNalmkBIbERmbRmYllkxNsMeNIm
- brimaNsIum:gt nigTwk enAkgsmamaRtnkarlayebtug kalNabrimaNsIum:gt nigTwkkan;Et
eRcIn karrYmmaDkan;EtxaMg.
- smasPaB nigPaBm:g;pg;rbs;sIum:gt sIum:gtersIusg;eLIgx<s;qab; nigsIum:gtkemAtic mankarrYm
maDxaMgCagsIum:gtBrElnFmta. sIum:gtEdlmanlkNm:t;pg;Cag rIkmaDCageRkamlkxN
sMeNIm.
- RbePT brimaN nigcMNat;fak;fbMEbk TMhMnfbMEbkkan;EttUc rYmmaDkan;EtxaMg. brimaNfbM
Ebkkan;EteRcIn rYmmaDkan;Etkat;bny.
- TwkfaMKImI TwkfaMKImIEdlCYy[ebtugkan;Etrav eFVI[ebtugkan;EtrYmmaD.
- brimaNEdkkgebtug edaysarkarrYmmaDekItelIeRKOgbgMebtugGarem: kugRtaMgTaj)anekItelI
ebtug ehIymantmesIKanwgkugRtaMgsgt;EdlekItmanelIEdk. kugRtaMgTaMgenHRtUv)anbEnm
ehIykayeTACabnk. dUecH sameRbHGacekItmanenAkgebtug enAeBlNaEdleKeRbIPaKry
EdkeRcIn. karBRgayEdk)anl naM[mankarEbgEckkugRtaMgTajkgebtug)anl CYykat;
bnybERmbRmYlkugRtaMgxagkg.
CaTUeTA ebtugrYmmaDxaMgkgGMLgeBlnkarcab;epImkarkkrwgdMbUg b:uEneRkaymkkarrYmmaDenH
RtUv)ankat;bny. tmnkarrYmmaDsrubsRmab;ebtugFmtaERbRbYlBI 200 10 700 10 . RbsinebI
eRKOgbgMmanTRmbgb;sgag kugRtaMgTajekIneLIgRbEhl 10MPa . RbsinebIebtugRtUv)anEfrkSasMeNIm
Cab;lab;kgryeBlmYyc,as;las;eRkayeBlcak; karrYmmaDRtUv)ankat;bny. dUecHvaCakarsMxan;Nas;
EdleKRtUvkarEfTaMebtugsRmab;ryeBlmYymin[ticCag 7 f.
6
lkNnebtugGarem:
17
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
2>9>2> karrIkmaDedaykarekIneLIgnkemA
ebtugrIkmaDCamYynwgkarekIneLIgnkemA ehIyrYmmaDCamYynwgkarfycuHnkemA. emKuNlUt
mannyfaeRKOgbgMmYymanRbEvg 30m lUt)an 10mm
kemArbs;ebtugmantmRbEhl = 10
sRmab;bERmbRmYlkemA 33 c . RbsinebIeRKOgbgMEdlmanTRmsgag ehIymin)anBRgwgedayEdk kugRtaMg
RbEhl 7MPa GacekIteLIg.
sRmab;rcnasm<nebtugGarem:EdlmanRbEvgEvg eKRtUveFVItMNsRmab;karrIkmaD expansion joint
ral;RbEvg 30m 60m mYy. tMNenHmanTMhMRbEhl 25mm .
5 mm
2>10>
Creep
KWCakMhUcRTg;RTayrbs;ebtugeRkamvtmannbnkGciny_. kMhUcRTg;RTayenHekIneLIgeTA
tamryeBlnkardak;bnk.
ebtugCasmareGLas)asic. edaycab;epImCamYynwgkugRtaMgtUc ebtugekItmanbERmbRmYlrag
eFob)asicbEnmBIelIbERmbRmYlrageFobeGLasic.
rUb 2>5 bgajBIsIuLaMgebtugrgbnk. kMhUcRTg;RTayxNKW EdlesInwgpleFobkugRtaMgelIm:U
DuleGLasic. RbsinebIkugRtaMgenHenArkSaGMLg ryeBlmYy vanwgekItmanbERmbRmYlrageFobbEnm
EdlbNalBI creep. RbsinebIeKdkbnkenHecj bERmbRmYlrageFobeGLasic nwgRtLb;eTArkPaB
edImvij ehIybERmbRmYlrageFobedaysar creep xHkRtLb;eTArkPaBedImEdr EtvaenArkSabERmbRmYlrag
eFob)asicGciny_ dUcbgajkgrUb. enAkgkrNIenH = (1 ) Edl CaGRtankarRtLb;eTArk
sPaBedImvijrbs;bERmbRmYlrageFobedaysar creep srub. mantmcenaH 0.1 nig 0.2 .
ktaEdlCH\TiBldl; creep rbs;ebtugrYmman
- kRmitkugRtaMg creep ekIneLIgCamYynwgkarekIneLIgnkugRtaMg.
- ryeBlnkardak;bnk creep ekIneLIgCamYynwgryeBlnkardak;bnk. RbEhlCa 80% n
creep ekItmankgGMLgeBlbYnExdMbUg ehIy 90% ekIteLIgeRkayryeBlRbEhlBIrqaM.
- ersIusg; nigGayurbs;ebtug creep nwgmantmtUcCagRbsinebIvargbnkenAGayucas;.
- lkxNbriyakas creep RtUv)ankat;bnyCamYynwgkarekIneLIgnsMeNIm.
- kRmitnkardak;bnk creep ekIneLIgCamYynwgkMeNInnkRmitnkardak;bnk.
- PaKryEdk nigkarBRgaysrsEdkenAkgGgt;ebtugGarem: creep nigmantmtUcCagsRmab;Ggt;
EdlmanPaKryEdkx<s; nigmankarBRgaysrsEdk)anl.
- TMhMnm:as;ebtug creep fycuHCamYynwgkarekIneLIgnTMhMrbs;sMNakKMrU.
Creep
T.Chhay
18
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakarrYmmaD
s (t ) =
Edl
(t tc ) K K
ss sh shu
b + (t tc )
Gayurbs;ebtugeRkayeBlcak; f
t = Gayurbs;ebtugEdlcab;epImst f
b = tmefrkgkarkMNt;bERmbRmYlrageFobedaysarkarrYmmaD GaRsynwgviFIEfTaMebtug b = 35
sRmab;ebtugEdlEfTaMedaysMeNIm nig b = 55 sRmab;ebtugEdlEfTaMedaycMhayTwk
K = emKuNkMENrUbrag nigTMhMsRmab;karrYmmaD
t=
c
ss
lkNnebtugGarem:
19
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
shu
V
K ss = 1.14 0.0035
S
maDrbs;sMNakKMrU (mm )
S = RkLaprbs;sMNakKMrU (mm )
emKuNkMEN relative humidity sRmab;karrYmmaDKW
1.40 0.01H sRmab; 40% H 80%
K =
3.00 0.03H sRmab; 81% H 100%
Edl H = relative humidity KitCa %
Edl
V=
sh
karKNna creep
eKGacKNnabERmbRmYlrageFobGaRsybnksrub
xN t CamYynwgkugRtaMg efr tamrUbmnxageRkam
ic
(t , t0 )
enAxN t rbs;ebtugEdlrgbnkenA
ic (t , t0 ) = i (t ) + c (t , t0 )
bERmbRmYleGLasicedImenAeBlrgbnk
(t , t ) = bERmbRmYledaysar creep enAxN t t
Edl
i (t0 ) =
c
i (t0 ) =
Ecmt 0
c (t , t0 ) =
Edl
Ecmt 0
Cc (t )
J (t , t0 ) =
1 + Cc (t )
Ecmt 0
Ecmt 0 = 0.043( )
3/ 2
Edl
T.Chhay
f 'c (t0 )
Tmn;maDebtug (kg / m )
3
20
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
f 'c (t0 ) =
ersIusg;rgkarsgt;rbs;ebtugmFmenAGayuEdlrgbnk
f 'c (t0 ) = f cm 28
Edl
t0
b + ct0
ersIusg;rgkarsgt;rbs;ebtugenAGayu 28 f MPa
b nig c CatmefrEdlmanbgajenAkgtaragxageRkam.
f cm 28 =
RbePTsIum:gt
ebtugEdlEfTaMedaysMeNIm
b=4
c = 0.85
b =1
c = 0.95
II
b = 2.30
c = 0.92
b = 0.70
c = 0.98
eKGackMNt;emKuN creep
Cc (t ) =
Edl
ebtugEdlEfTaMedaycMhayTwk
Cc (t )
dUcxageRkam
t 0.60
Ccu K ch K ca K cs
10 + t 0.60
Ccu =
K ch
K ca
K cs
emKuNkMEN
viFItMEhTaM
EfTaMedaysMeNIm
EfTaMedaycMhayTwk
t0
K ca
K ch
K cs
40%
N/A
N/A
N/A
40%
1.25(t0 )
1.27 0.0067 H
1.14 0.0035(V / S )
40%
1.13(t0 )
1.27 0.0067 H
1.14 0.0035(V / S )
40%
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.118
0.095
2>11>2> m:UEDl B3
karKNnakarrYmmaD
)a:ra:Em:RtEdlRtUvkarsRmab;KNnabERmbRmYlrageFobedaysarkarrYmmaDEdleRbIm:UEDl B3 KW
ersIusg;rgkarsgt;mFmrbs;ebtugenAGayu 28f lkxNtMEhTaM RbePTsIum:gt relative humidity
brimaNTwkkgebtug nigrUbragrbs;sMNakKMrU.
lkNnebtugGarem:
21
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
eKGac)a:n;sanbERmbRmYlrageFobedaykarrYmmaDedayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam
s (t ) = ( shu )(K h )S (t )
bERmbRmYlrageFobedaykarrYmmaDcugeRkay
K = relative humidity sRmab;karrYmmaD
S (t ) = GnuKmn_eBlsRmab;karrYmmaD
eKGacKNnabERmbRmYlrageFobedaykarrYmmaDedayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam
= [0.019(w) ( f ) + 270] 10
Edl = emKuNkMENRbePTsIum:gt
= emKuNkMENlkxNtMEhTaM
w = brimaNTwk kg / m
f
= ersIusg;rgkarsgt;rbs;ebtugenAGayu 28 f
emKuNkMEN CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgRbePTsIum:gt
RbePTsIum:gt
Edl
shu =
h
0.28
2.1
shu
cm 28
cm 28
1.00
II
0.85
III
1.10
emKuNkMEN CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgRbePTntMEhTaM
RbePTntMEhTaM
EfTaMedaysMeNIm
EfTaMedayTwk b H = 100%
RKbkgGMLgtMEhTaM
2
GnuKmn_sMeNImsRmab;karrYmmaD
sMeNIm
0.75
0.85
1.10
Kh
1 (H / 100)
H 98%
H = 100%
0 .2
eFVIGaMgETb:ULasglIeNEGr
98% H 100%
T.Chhay
22
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
eKGackMNt;GnuKmn_eBlsRmab;karrYmmaD S (t ) tamsmIkarxageRkam
t tc
Tsh
S (t ) = tanh
Edl
GayuebtugeRkayeBlcak; f
t = GayuebtugEdlcab;epImst f
T = karrYmmaDBak;kNal (shrinkage half-time)
t=
c
sh
Tsh = 0.085(tc )
0.08
( f cm 28 )0.25 [2 K s (V / S )]2
karKNna creep
GnuKmn_ creep RtUv)an[edaysmIkarxageRkam
J (t , t0 ) = q1 + C0 (t , t0 ) + Cd (t , t0 , tc )
Edl
bERmbRmYlrageFobxN
C (t , t ) = GnuKmn_sRmab; creep EdlpSMeLIgeday aging viscoelastic, nonaging viscoelastic nig
aging flow.
C (t , t , t ) = GnuKmn_sRmab; drying creep.
q1 =
0
q1 =
Edl
0.6
Ecm 28
Ecm 28 =
m:UDuleGLasicrbs;ebtugenAGayu 28 f
Ecm 28 = 4735 f cm 28
lkNnebtugGarem:
23
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
C0 (t , t0 ) = q2Q(t , t0 ) + q3 ln 1 + (t t0 )
Edl
q2 =
0.1
]+ q ln tt
4
q2 = 185.4(c )
0. 5
Edl
Edl
( f cm 28 )0.9 106
brimaNsIum:gt kg / m
3
1 / r (t 0 )
Q (t )r (t 0 )
Q(t , t0 ) = Q f (t0 )1 + f 0 r (t 0 )
Z (t , t0 )
1
Q f (t0 ) =
2/9
4/9
0.086(t0 ) + 1.21(t0 )
ln 1 + (t t0 )
Z (t , t0 ) =
t0
0.1
r (t0 ) = 1.7(t0 )
+8
0.12
w
q3 = 0.29q2
c
a
q4 = 20.3
c
0.7
10 6
Edl
q5 =
q5 =
Edl
shu =
0.6
f cm 28
bERmbRmYlrageFobedaykarrYmmaDcugeRkay
H
H (t ) = 1 1
S (t )
100
H
H (t0 ) = 1 1
S (t0 )
100
S (t ) = tanh
S (t0 ) = tanh
T.Chhay
t tc
Tsh
t0 tc
Tsh
24
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Tsh = 0.085(tc )
0.08
( f cm 28 )0.25 [2 K s (V / S )]2
karKNnakarrYmmaD
)a:ra:Em:RtEdlRtUvkarsRmab;KNnabERmbRmYlrageFobedaysarkarrYmmaDEdleRbIm:UEDl GL 2000
KWersIusg;rgkarsgt;mFmrbs;ebtugenAGayu 28f f relative humidity H Gayurbs;ebtugenAeBl
cab;epImrYmmaD t RbePTsIum:gt nigrUbragrbs;sMNakKMrU.
eKGacKNnabERmbRmYlrageFobedaykarrYmmaDedayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam
cm 28
s (t ) = shu (h ) (t )
Edl
bERmbRmYlrageFobedaykarrYmmaDcugeRkay
(h ) = emKuNkMENsRmab;\TiBlrbs;sMeNIm
(t ) = emKuNkMENsRmab;\TiBlneBl
eKGackMNt; edaysmIkarxageRkam
shu =
shu
1/ 2
30
f cm 28
shu = (900)K
Edl
K=
10 6
tmefrEdlGaRsynwgRbePTsIum:gt
= ersIusg;rgkarsgt;mFmrbs;ebtugenAGayu 28 f
f cm 28
tmefr K EdlCaGnuKmn_eTAnwgRbePTsIum:gt
RbePTsIum:gt
I
1.00
II
0.75
III
1.15
100
lkNnebtugGarem:
25
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
Edl
NPIC
eKGacKNnaemKuNkMEN (t ) tamrUbmnxageRkam
H = relative humidity
1/ 2
t tc
(t ) =
2
(
)
t
t
+
0
.
12
V
/
S
c
GayuebtugeRkayeBlcak; f
t = Gayurbs;ebtugenAeBlcab;epImrYmmaD
V / S = pleFobmaDelIRkLap mm
Edl
t=
c
karKNna creep
GnuKmn_ creep pSMeLIgedayBIrEpkKW bERmbRmYlrageGLasic nigbERmbRmYlrageday creep.
J (t , t0 ) =
Edl
1
Ecmt 0
(t , t0 )
Ecm 28
m:UDuleGLasicrbs;ebtugenAeBldak;bnk
E
= m:UDuleGLasicrbs;ebtugenAGayu 28 f
(t ,t ) = emKuN creep
Ecmt 0 =
cm 28
Edl
f cmt0 =
ersIusg;rgkarsgt;Fmmrbs;ebtugenAeBlrgbnk. eKGackMNt;vadUcxageRkam
f cmt 0 = f cm 28
t3/ 4
a + bt 3 / 4
a
2.8
3.4
1.0
b
0.77
0.72
0.92
(t t0 ) + 14 t0 t t0 + 7
RbsinebI t
T.Chhay
= tc
t t0
2
t t + 0.12(V / S )
0
enaH (t ) = 1
c
26
0. 5
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RbsinebI t
enaH
> tc
0. 5
t0 tc
(tc ) = 1
2
t0 tc + 0.12(V / S )
0.5
H = relative humidity
h = H / 100
karKNnakarrYmmaD
)a:ra:Em:RtEdlRtUvkarsRmab;KNnabERmbRmYlrageFobedaysarkarrYmmaDEdleRbIm:UEDl CEB 90
KWersIusg;rgkarsgt;mFmrbs;ebtugenAGayu 28f f relative humidity H Gayurbs;ebtugenAeBl
cab;epImrYmmaD t RbePTsIum:gt nigrUbragrbs;sMNakKMrU.
eKGacKNnabERmbRmYlrageFobedaykarrYmmaDedayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam
cm 28
s (t , tc ) = cs s (t , tc )
0
Edl
cs = s ( f cm 28 ) RH
0
Edl
s ( f cm 28 ) =
emKuNersIusg;ebtugnkarrYmmaD
s ( f cm 28 ) = 160 + 10( sc ) 9
RH =
f cm 28
6
10
10
eRkam.
emKuN
sMeNIm
RH
RH
1.55 arh
H 99%
0.25
sc =
f cm 28
emKuNEdlGaRsynwgRbePTsIum:gt EdlmanbgajenAkgtaragxageRkam
= ersIusg;rgkarsgt;mFmrbs;ebtugenAGayu 28 f
lkNnebtugGarem:
27
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
emKuN
RbePTsIum:gt
kkrwgyWt
kkrwgFmta belOn
kkrwgelOn
sc
H
=1
100
arh
sg;darGWr:ub
sg;darGaemric
sc
SL
II
RS
III
karekItmankarrYmmaDGaRsynwgeBlRtUv)ankMNt;tamsmIkarxageRkam
sc (t tc ) =
Edl
(t tc )
2
0.56(he / 4 ) + (t tc )
Gayurbs;ebtug f
t = Gayurbs;ebtugenAeBlcab;epImkarrYmmaD
h = kRmas;RbsiTPaBedIm,IKitbBalpleFobmaDelIRkLap
eKGackMNt;kRmas;RbsiTPaB h dUcxageRkam
t=
c
2 Ac
u
he =
Edl
muxkat;rbs;Ggt;eRKOgbgM mm
u = brimaRtrbs;Ggt;eRKOgbgMEdlb:HCamYynwgbriyakas mm
Ac =
karKNna creep
GnuKmn_ creep tMNag[kugRtaMgsrubGaRsynwgbERmbRmYlrageFobkgmYyktakugRtaMg. eKGac
kMNt;vadUcxageRkam.
J (t , t0 ) =
Edl
1
Ecmt 0
(t , t0 )
Ecm 28
m:UDuleGLasicenAGayuEdlrgbnk
E
= m:UDuleGLasicenAGayu 28 f
(t ,t ) = emKuN creep
Ecmt 0 =
cm 28
28
0.5 S 1
t
28
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
S=
emKuNGaRsynwgRbePTsIum:gt ehIyGackMNt;BItaragxageRkam
emKuN S CaGnuKmn_nRbePTsIum:gt
RbePTsIum:gt
sg;darGWr:ub
SL
kkrwgyWt
R
kkrwgFmta belOn
RS
kkrwgelOn
Ecm 28 = 215003
sg;darGaemric
II
0.38
0.25
III
0.20
f cm 28
10
(t , t0 ) = 0 c (t , t0 )
Edl
0 =
c
0 = RH ( f cm 28 ) (t0 )
Edl
RH =
RH = 1 +
1 H / 100
0.163 he / 4
( f cm 28 ) =
( f cm 28 ) =
5.3
f cm 28 / 10
(t0 ) =
(t0 ) =
1
1 + t00.2
t t0
c (t , t0 ) =
H + t t0
0. 3
lkNnebtugGarem:
29
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
karKNnakarrYmmaD
enAkgm:UEDlfIenH karrYmmaDsrubrYmmanbgMnkarrYmmaDeday autogenous nig edaysarst. enA
kgebtug high-performance karrYmmaDeday autogeneous mantmFM ehIyeKRtUvBicarNavakgkar)a:n;
RbmaNkarrYmmaD. viFIfIenHpl;nUvkar)a:n;RbmaNkarrYmmaDnebtugFmta nigebtug high-performance
manlkNsuRkit.
eKGacKNnabERmbRmYlrageFobedaykarrYmmaDsrubedayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam
s (t , tc ) = as (t ) + ds (t , tc )
Edl
enAxN t
(t, t ) = drying shrinkage enAxN t
eKGacKNna autogenous shrinkage dUcxageRkam
as (t ) = autogenous shrinkage
ds
as (t ) = as ( f cm 28 ) as (t )
0
Edl
as
as 0
f cm 28 / 10
10 6
6 + f cm 28 / 10
as ( f cm 28 ) = as
0
Edl
cm 28
2.5
emKuNGaRsynwgRbePTsIum:gt
= 800 sRmab;sIum:gtkkrwgyWt
= 700 sRmab;sIum:gtkkrwgFmta belOn
= 600 sRmab;sIum:gtersIusg;x<s;kkrwgelOn
f
= ersIusg;rgkarsgt;mFmrbs;ebtugenAGayu 28 f MPa
eKGacKNnaGnuKmn_ (t ) edayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam
as =
cm 28
as
as (t ) = 1 e 0.2 (t )
Edl
0.5
Gayurbs;ebtug f
eKGackMNt; drying shrinkage
t=
ds
(t, tc ) edaysmIkarxageRkam
da (t , tc ) = ds ( f cm 28 ) RH (H ) ds (t tc )
0
Edl
T.Chhay
ds ( f cm 28 ) =
0
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Edl
2
ds
f cm 28
/ 10
]10
ds 0
cm 28
emKuNEdlGaRsynwgRbePTsIum:gt
= 3 sRmab;sIum:gtkkrwgyWt
= 4 sRmab;sIum:gtkkrwgFmta bkkrwgelOn
= 6 sRmab;sIum:gtersIusg;x<s;kkrwgelOn
= emKuNEdlGaRsynwgRbePTsIum:gt
= 0.13 sRmab;sIum:gtkkrwgyWt
= 0.11 sRmab;sIum:gtkkrwgFmta bkkrwgelOn
= 0.12 sRmab;sIum:gtersIusg;x<s;kkrwgelOn
eKGacKNnaemKuN (H ) tamrUbmnxageRkam
H
1.551
sRmab; 10% H 99%
=
100
0.25
sRmab; H 99%
ds1 =
ds 2
RH
s1
RH
s1
Edl
emKuNEdlKitBIkarkkrwgedayxngenAkgebtug high-performance
eyIgGackMNt;vadUcxageRkam
s1 =
35
s1 =
f cm 28
0.1
1.0
eKGacKNnaGnuKmn_
Edl
(t tc )
ds (t tc ) =
2
(
)
(
)
0
.
56
h
/
4
t
t
+
e
c
0.5
GayuebtugenAeBlcab;epImst f
2A
= TMhM notional rbs;Ggt; mm Edl A CaRkLapmuxkat; mm nig u CabrimaRt
h =
u
rbs;Ggt;Edlb:HCamYynwgbriyakas mm
tc =
karKNna creep
lkNnebtugGarem:
31
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
kugRtaMgsrubGaRsynwgbERmbRmYlrageFobkgmYyktankugRtaMg EdleKGacehAm:ageTotfa
compliance creep bGnuKmn_ creep. eKGackMNt;vaedayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam
J (t , t0 ) =
Edl
Ecmt 0
(t , t0 )
Ecm 28
m:UDuleGLasicenAGayurgbnk MPa
E
= m:UDuleGLasicenAGayu 28 f
(t ,t ) = emKuN creep
Ecmt0 =
cm 28
0.5 S
28
T
Ecm 28 = 215003
S
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.20
f cm 28
10
(t , t0 ) = 0 c (t , t0 )
Edl
0 =
c
0 = RH ( f cm 28 ) (t0 )
RH =
RH = 1 +
Edl
1 H / 100
1 2
0.163 he / 4
35
1 =
f cm 28
0.7
35
0.2
2 =
f cm 28
T.Chhay
32
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
( f cm 28 ) =
( f cm 28 ) =
Edl
5.3
f cm 28 / 10
(t0 ) =
(t0 ) =
1
1 + t00.2
+
1
t0 = t 0 ,T
0.5
1. 2
2 + t 0 ,T
Gayurbs;ebtugenAeBlrgbnk f
t = Gayurbs;ebtugenAeBlrgbnkEdlEktRmUveTAtamsItuNPaBrbs;ebtug
sRmab; T = 20 C / t RtUvKanwg t
= emKuNEdlGaRsynwgRbePTsIum:gt
= 1 sRmab;sIum:gtkkrwgyWt
= 0 sRmab;sIum:gtkkrwgFmta belOn
= 1 sRmab;sIum:gtersIusg;FMkkrwgelOn
eKGackMNt;smIkarEdlBNnakarekItman creep CamYynwgeBleRkayeBlrgbnk (t,t ) eday
eRbIsmIkarxageRkam
t0 =
0 ,T
0 ,T
t t0
c (t , t0 ) =
H + t t0
0. 3
f cm 28
0.5
3 =
t = 35
lkNnebtugGarem:
33
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
f
= 8 f
t0 = 28
tc
= 2405kg / m3
sIum:gtRbePT III
ebtugEfTaMedaysMeNIm
dMeNaHRsay
karKNnakarrYmmaD
s (t ) =
(t tc ) K K
ss sh shu
b + (t tc )
edayebtugEfTaMedaysMeNIm b = 35
V / S = 38mm
V
K ss = 1.14 0.0035 = 1.14 0.0035(38) = 1.007
S
sRmab; H = 75%
K sh = 1.40 0.01H = 1.40 0.01(75) = 0.65
(t tc ) K K
s (t ) =
ss sh shu
b + (t tc )
(35 8) (1.007 )(0.65)(780 10 6 ) = 222.3 10 6 mm / mm
=
35 + (35 8)
karKNna creep
J (t , t0 ) =
1 + Cc (t )
Ecmt 0
kMNt; E
edaysarsIum:gtRbePT III nigebtugEfTaMedaysMeNIm b = 2.30 / c = 0.92
cmt 0
f 'c (t0 ) = f cm 28
t0
28
= 45.2
= 45.1MPa
b + ct0
2.3 + 0.92 28
Ecmt 0 = 0.043( )
3/ 2
3/ 2
45.1 = 34058.8MPa
kMNt; C (t )
c
Ccu = 2.35
K ch = 1.27 0.0067(H ) = 1.27 0.0067(75) = 0.767
K ca = 1.25(t0 )
0.118
T.Chhay
= 1.25(28)
0.118
= 0.844
34
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Cc (t ) =
kMNt;
edaysIum:gtRbePT III = 1.10
edaysarebtugEfTaMgedaysMeNIm = 1.0
= [0.019(w) ( f )
+ 270] 10
= (1.10 )(1.0 )[0.019(207.92 ) (45.2 )
+ 270] 10 = 827 10
kMNt; K
H
75
sRmab; H = 75% enaH K = 1 100
=1
= 0.578
100
kMNt; S (t )
K = 1.0 edaysareyIgmindwgBIRbePTGgt;
shu
0.28
2.1
shu
cm 28
0.28
2.1
mm / mm
0.08
( f cm 28 )0.25 [2 K s (V / S )]2
0.08
Tsh = 0.085(tc )
= 0.085(8)
S (t ) = tanh
35 8
t tc
= tanh
= 0.389
160.3
Tsh
KNna creep
J (t , t0 ) = q1 + C0 (t , t0 ) + Cd (t , t0 , tc )
kMNt; q
lkNnebtugGarem:
35
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
0.6
0.6
1
=
= 18.85 10 6
Ecm 28 31833.9
MPa
q1 =
kMNt; C (t,t )
0
c=
w
207.92
=
= 452kg / m3
w/ c
0.46
q2 = 185.4(c )
0. 5
= 127.6 106
Q f (t0 ) =
Z (t , t0 ) =
0.086(t0 )
1
1
=
= 0.182
4/9
2/9
4/9
+ 1.21(t0 )
0.086(28) + 1.21(28)
2/9
ln 1 + (t t0 )
t0
0. 1
r (t0 ) = 1.70(t0 )
0.12
28
+ 8 = 1.7(28)
0.12
Q f (t0 )r (t 0 )
Q(t , t0 ) = Q f (t0 )1 +
r (t 0 )
Z (t , t0 )
+ 8 = 10.54
1 / r (t 0 )
0.18210.54
= 0.1821 +
10.54
0.150
1 / 10.54
= 0.148
w
4
q3 = 0.29q2 = 0.29(127.6 10 0.6 )(0.46) = 1.66 10 6
c
a
q4 = 20.3
c
0.7
10 6 = 20.3(3.73)
0. 7
C0 (t , t0 ) = q2Q (t , t0 ) + q3 ln 1 + (t t0 )
0.1
10 6 = 8.08 10 6
]+ q ln tt
4
0. 1
]+ (8.08 10 )ln 35
28
6
1
MPa
KNna C (t, t , t )
d
q5 =
0.6
0.6
45.2
= 297.5 10 6
S (t ) = 0.389
S (t0 ) = tanh
28 8
t0 tc
= tanh
= 0.339
160.3
Tsh
75
H
H (t ) = 1 1
0.389 = 0.903
S (t ) = 1 1
100
100
75
H
H (t0 ) = 1 1
0.339 = 0.915
S (t0 ) = 1 1
100
100
Cd (t , t0 , tc ) = q5 e 8 H (t ) e 8 H (t 0 )
= (297 10 6 ) e 8 0.903 e 80.915 = 2.43 10 6
T.Chhay
36
1
MPa
Properties of Reinforced Concrete
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
J (t , t0 ) = q1 + C0 (t , t0 ) + Cd (t , t0 , tc )
= (18.85 10 6 ) + (22.01 10 6 ) + (2.43 10 6 ) = 43.3 10 6
1
MPa
KNna
edaysIum:gtRbePT III K = 1.15
shu
1/ 2
shu
30
= (900)K
f cm 28
1/ 2
30
10 6 = (900)(1.15)
45.2
10 6 = 843.2 10 6 mm / mm
KNna (h)
4
75
H
= 0.627
= 1 1.18
100
100
(h ) = 1 1.18
KNna (t )
1/ 2
t tc
(t ) =
2
t tc + 0.12(V / S )
1/ 2
35 8
=
2
35 8 + 0.12(38)
= 0.367
KNna creep
1
(t , t0 )
+
Ecmt 0
Ecm 28
J (t , t0 ) =
KNna E nig E
t = 28 f E
cmt 0
cm 28
cmt 0
= Ecm 28
KNna (t,t )
0
t0 = 28 > tc = 8
0.5
t0 t c
(tc ) = 1
2
t0 tc + 0.12(V / S )
0.5
0.5
28 8
= 1
2
28 8 0.12(38)
0. 5
= 0.824
lkNnebtugGarem:
37
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
0. 5
(t t )0.3 7 0.5 t t 0.5
t t0
2
0
0
+
+ 2.5 1 1.086h
(t , t0 ) = (tc )2
0.3
t t + 0.12(V / S )2
(t t0 ) + 14 t0 t t0 + 7
0
0. 5
(35 28)0.3 7 0.5 35 28 0.5
35 28
2
= 0.824 2
+
+ 2.5 1 1.086(0.75)
0.3
2
(35 28) + 14 28 35 28 + 7
35 28 + 0.12(38)
= 0.773
J (t , t0 ) =
Ecmt 0
(t , t0 )
Ecm 28
1
0.773
1
+
= 54.7 10 6
MPa
32409.3 32409.3
KNna
cs 0
sc = 8
s ( f cm 28 ) = 160 + 10( sc ) 9
f cm 28
6
10
10
45.2
6
6
= 160 + 10(8) 9
10 = 518.4 10 mm / mm
10
sRmab; H = 75%
RH = 1.55 arh
arh = 1 (H / 100 )3 = 1 (75 / 100 )3 = 0.578
KNna
sc
(t tc )
he =
2 Ac
= 76mm
u
(t tc )
=
2
0.56(he / 4 ) + (t tc )
sc (t tc ) =
(35 8)
= 0.343
2
0.56(76 / 4 ) + (35 8)
KNna creep
J (t , t0 ) =
T.Chhay
1
Ecmt 0
(t , t0 )
Ecm 28
38
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
KNna E nig E
t = 28 f E
cmt 0
cm 28
cmt 0
Ecm 28 = 215003
KNna (t,t )
= Ecm 28
f cm 28
45.2
= 215003
= 35548MPa
10
10
1 75 / 100
1 H / 100
=1+
= 1.586
3
0.163 76 / 4
0.16 he / 4
RH = 1 +
( f cm 28 ) =
(t0 ) =
5.3
f cm 28 / 10
5.3
= 2.49
45.2 / 10
1
1
=
= 0.488
0. 2
0.1 + t0
0.1 + 280.2
H = 1.5he 1 + (0.012 H )18 + 250 = 1.5(76 ) 1 + (0.012 75)18 + 250 = 379 1500
t t0
c (t , t0 ) =
H + t t0
0. 3
35 28
=
379 + 35 28
Ecmt 0
Ecm 28
35548
35548
0.3
= 0.3
= 44.4 10 6
1
MPa
KNna
as
(t )
as = 600
sRmab;sIum:gtersIusg;x<s;kkrwgelOn
2. 5
f
/ 10
10 6
as 0 ( f cm 28 ) = as cm 28
6
+
/
10
f
cm 28
2.5
45.2 / 10
6
6
= 600
10 = 72.6 10 mm / mm
6 + 45.2 / 10
0.5
lkNnebtugGarem:
39
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
KNna
ds
NPIC
(t, tc )
sRmab;sIum:gtersIusg;x<s;kkrwgelOn
= 0.12 sRmab;sIum:gtersIusg;x<s;kkrwgelOn
ds1 = 6
ds 2
ds0 f cm 28 / 10
] 10
f cm 28
0. 1
35
=
45.2
s1 =
0.1
= 0.97 1.0
100
RH = 1.551
75 3
1
.
55
=
= 0.896
100
(t tc )
ds (t tc ) =
2
0.56(he / 4 ) + (t tc )
0. 5
(35 8)
=
2
0.56(76 / 4 ) + (35 8)
0.5
= 0.343
ds (t , tc ) = ds ( f cm 28 ) RH (H ) ds (t tc )
0
KNna creep
J (t , tc ) =
1
Ecmt 0
KNna E nig E
t = 28 f E
(t , tc )
Ecm 28
cm 28
cmt 0
0
cmt 0
Ecm 28 = 215003
= Ecm 28
f cm 28
45.2
= 215003
= 35548MPa
10
10
KNna (t,t )
0
35
1 =
f cm 28
0.7
0.2
35
=
45.2
0. 7
= 0.836
35
35
=
2 =
= 0.950
45.2
f cm 28
1 H / 100
1 75 / 100
RH = 1 +
1 2 = 1 +
0.836 0.950 = 1.415
3
3
0.16 76 / 4
0.16 he / 4
5.3
5.3
( f cm 28 ) =
=
= 2.49
f cm 28 / 10
45.2 / 10
T.Chhay
0.2
40
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
+ 1 = 2.8
+ 1 = 32.5 0.5
t0 = t0 ,T
1.2
1. 2
2 + 28
2 + t0 ,T
1
1
(t0 ) =
=
= 0.475
0.2
0.1 + t0
0.1 + 32.50.2
f cm 28
0.5
35
=
45.2
0. 5
= 0.880
t t0
H + t t0
c (t , t0 ) =
0.3
35 28
=
351 + 35 28
Ecmt 0
Ecm 28
35548
35548
0.3
= 0.307
= 42.6 10 6
1
MPa
2>12> m:as;maDebtug
m:as;maDrbs;ebtugFmtakkrwgEdleRbIR)as;sRmab;GKar nigrcnasm<nepSgeTotGaRsyeTA
elIkarlay TMhM nigcMNat;fak;fbMEbk pleFobTwkelIsIum:gt nigersIusg;rbs;ebtug. xageRkamCam:as;maD
ebtugEdleKGacykmkBicarNa
- m:as;maDebtugsuTEdleRbIfbMEbkTMhM 20mm ERbRbYlcenaHBI 2320 2400kg / m . sRmab;
ebtugEdlmanersIusg;ticCag 280kg / cm = 28MPa tm 2320kg / m GacRtUv)anykmkeRbI. sRmab;
ebtugEdlmanersIusg;FMCagenH m:as;maDebtugmantm 2400kg / m GacRtUv)anykmkeRbI.
- m:as;maDebtugsuTEdleRbIfbMEbkTMhM 100mm 150mm ERbRbYlcenaHBI 2400 2560kg / m .
tmmFmesInwg 2480kg / m GacRtUv)anykmkeRbI.
- m:as;maDebtugGarem: EdlmanPaKryEdk 0.7% 1.5% mantmRbEhl 2400kg / m . sRmab;
ebtugGarem:EdlmanPaKryEdleRcInCagenH m:as;maDrbs;ebtugRtUv)aneKsnt;RbEhl 2500kg / m .
- m:as;maDebtugRsalERbRbYlBI 320 1440kg / m
- m:as;maDebtugFn;ERbRbYlBI 3200 4300kg / m
3
lkNnebtugGarem:
41
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
2>13> RbePTEdkeRbIkgebtug
EdkEdleRbIenAkgebtug manCaeRcInRbePTEdlRtUv)ancat;cMNat;fak;dUcxageRkam
- EdkmUl (round bars) EdkmUlRtUv)aneRbIy:agTUlMTUlayenAkgebtug. Ggt;pitrbs;EdkmUlEdl
eKGacrk)anenAelITIpSarmancab;BI 6mm dl; 36mm bUkrYmCamYynwgGgt;pitBiessBIrRbePTeTot
KW 45mm nig 57mm . GaRsyedaypxagrbs;va eKEbgEckvaCaBIrRbePTeTotKW Edkrelag
(plain bars) nigEdkfaMgGMeBA (deformed bars). CaTUeTA EdkrelagRtUv)aneKeRbICaEdkEdlman
tYnaTITI2 (secondary reinforcement) bCaEdkkg (stirrups and ties). EdkfaMgGMeBARtUv)aneK
pliteLIgCaBiessedIm,IbegInPaBsitrvagebtug nigsrsEdk ehIykat;bnynUvTTwgsameRbHrbs;
ebtugkgtMbn;rgkmaMgTaj.
Ggt;pitrbs;Edkrelag Gacvas;)anedayRsYl EtsRmab;EdkfaMgGMeBA Ggt;pitrbs;vaeKkMNt;
edayykGgt;pitrbs;rgVg;Edk Edl)anBImuxkat;rbs;va. pxageRkArbs;EdkfaMgGMeBAmansNan
CaeRcInRbePTEdlmanbgajkgrUbxageRkam.
- EdksMNaj; (Welded fabrics and mats) EdksMNaj;manCaeRcInesrIeTAtamRbEvgEdkTTwg nig
EdkbeNay. CaTUeTAvaRtUv)aneKpSaredaydak;EdkbeNay nigEdkTTwg[EkgKaRtg;kEngkat;
Ka.
- kabeRbkugRtaMg (Prestressed concrete wires and strands) kabeRbkugRtaMgCaRbePTEdkBiess
EdlmanersIusg;x<s;. kabEdlersIusg;rgkmaMgTajx<s;manGgt;pitCaTUeTA 5mm nig 7mm RtUv
)aneKykmkbegItCakabeRbkugRtaMg EdlmankabxageRkAR)aMmYyBTCMuvij kabmYyEdlmanGgt;
pitFMCag. ersIusg;rbs;kabeRbkugRtaMgGtibrmamantm 1750MPa b 1890MPa .
m:UDuleGLasicrbs;srsEdk eTaHrgkarTajkI rgkarsgt;kI eKkMNt;yk E = 2 10 MPa . em
KuNlUtkemArbs;srsEdkeKyk = 10 mm / c dUcemKuNlUtkemArbs;ebtugEdr.
5
T.Chhay
42
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
muxkat;Edk (mm)
pmuxkat;Edk (cm )
Tmn; (kg / m)
brimaRt (cm)
RB6
RB8
DB12
DB16
DB20
DB25
DB28
DB32
0.28
0.64
1.13
2.01
2.84
4.91
6.16
8.04
0.222
0.499
0.888
1.58
2.23
3.85
4.83
6.31
1.89
2.83
3.77
5.03
5.97
7.86
8.80
10.06
lkNnebtugGarem:
43
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
III.
viPaKFwmebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
3>1> karsnt;
(Assumption)
ebtugGarem:CasmarminEmnrUbFatusac;mYy BIeRBaHvaekIteLIgedaysmarBIrRbePTKW ebtug nig
Edk. dUecH eRKOgbgMebtugGarem:EdlkMNt;edayersIusg;cugeRkay RtUvkMNt;tamkarsnt;xageRkam
- bERmbRmYlrageFobrbs;ebtug nigEdkRtUvEtmantmdUcKa mannyfaPaBsitrvagebtug nigEdk
mantmRKb;RKan;.
- bERmbRmYlrageFobrbs;ebtugRtUvEt smamaRteTAnwgcmayBIGkSNWt
- m:UDuleGLasicrbs;Edk RtUvEtyk E = 2 10 MPa . kugRtaMgrbs;EdkkgtMbn;eGLasicRtUvEt
mantmesIplKuNrvagbERmbRmYlrageFobCamYynwgm:UDuleGLasic.
- muxkat;Rtg;enAEtRtg;eRkayeBlrgkarBt;
- ersIusg;Tajrbs;ebtugRtUv)anecal BIeRBaHersIusg;TajebtugmantmtUcCagersIusg;sgt;dl;eTA
10 dg ehIysameRbHrbs;ebtugRtUvsnt;faKan\TiBl nigm:ageTotmuneBleRbH muxkat;ebtugTaMgmUlman
RbsiTPaBkgkarTb;nwgm:Um:g;xageRkA.
- bERmbRmYlrageFobGtibrmarbs;ebtugkRmitRtwm 0.003
- rUbragnkarBRgaykugRtaMgsgt;rbs;ebtug snt;manragctuekaNEkg
5
44
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
45
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Section condition
Concrete strain
Steel strain
Note ( f y = 400MPa)
Compression-controlled
0.003
t f y Es
t 0.002
Tension-controlled
0.003
Transition region
0.003
t 0.005
f y E s t 0.005
t 0.005
0.002 t 0.005
Balanced strain
0.003
s = f y Es
s = 0.002
Transition region
0.003
T.Chhay
46
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
3>3> emKuNbnk
bnkEdlmanGMeBIelIeRKOgbgMRtUv)anKuNCamYynwgemKuNbnk edIm,IkarBarkar)ak;Pam nigpl;
nUvkarKNnamYyEdlmanlkNesdkic. emKuNbnkGaRsynwgRbePTbnk nigkarbnSMbnk. emKuNbnk
sRmab;bnkGefr KW 1.6 emKuNbnksRmab;bnkefr KW 1.2 . dUecHkarbnSMbnksRmab;bnkGefr nigbnk
efrKW
U = 1 .2 D + 1 .6 L
Edl
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
47
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
3>4> emKuNkat;bnyersIusg;
emKuNkat;bnyersIusg; mantmtUcCag 1. emKuNkat;bnyersIusg;GaRsynwgRbePTn
eRKOgbgM
= 0.90
- sRmab;muxkat;rgkarTaj
- sRmab;muxkat;rgkarsgt;
= 0.70
k> CamYyEdkkgvN
x> CamYyEdkkgdac;
= 0.65
- sRmab;ebtugsuT
= 0.55
- sRmab;kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgrmYl
= 0.75
= 0.65
- sRmab;RTnab;enAelIebtug
= 0.75
- sRmab;KMrU strut and tie
3>5> karEbgEckkugRtaMgsgt;smmUl
kugRtaMgEbgEckkgebtugrgkarsgt;enAxNeBl)ak;RtUv)ansnt;famanragctuekaNEkg ctuekaNBay ExSekag)a:ra:bUl bragNamYyepSgeTotGaRsyedaykaryl;RBmKaenAeBleFVIBiesaFn_.
enAeBlEdlFwmerobnwg)ak; srsEdk)aneFVIkardl;cMNuc yield mun RbsinebImuxkat;enaHman
brimaNEdktic (under-reinforced section) ehIykgkrNIenHsrsEdkeFVIkardl;kugRtaMgKNna (design
stress). EtRbsinebImuxkat;manEdkeRcIn enaHebtugnwgEbkmun ehIybERmbRmYlrageFobRtUv)ansnt;faesI
0.003 .
kmaMgsgt; C ekItmanenAkgtMbn;sgt; ehIykmaMgTaj T ekItmanenAtMbn;TajEdlsitenARtg;nIv:U
Edk. eKsal;TItaMgnkmaMg T BIeRBaHvamanGMeBIRtYtsIuKanwgGkSTIRbCMuTmn;rbs;Edk. TItaMgrbs;kmaMg
C eKGacsal;)an luHNaEteKsal;maDntMbn;sgt; ehIyeBlenaHeKGackMNt;)annUvTItaMgTIRbCMuTmn;
)an. RbsinebIeKsal;TItaMgrbs;kmaMgTaMgBIr enaHeKGackMNt;nUvRbEvgdXas; EdlCacmayBIkmaMgTaj
mkkmaMgsgt;.
RbsinebIebtugEbk enAeBlbERmbRmYlrageFob ' = 0.003 ehIyRbsinebIEdkeFVIkardl;cMNuc
yield f = f enaHmuxkat;Ca balanced section. kmaMgsgt; C RtUv)ansMEdgedaymaDnbkkugRtaMg
EdlmanragminksNanekItmanelIpctuekaNqt bc .
c
T.Chhay
48
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
z = 2c
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
49
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
3>6> srsEdkrgkmaMgTajnmuxkat;ctuekaNEkgrgkarBt;
PaKryEdkenAkgmuxkat;ebtugkglkxN balanced RtUv)aneK[eQaHfa
EdlCapleFobrvagmuxkat;Edk A nigmuxkat;RbsiTPaB bd
b =
Edl
As
bd
- TTwgmuxkat;eRKOgbgMtMbn;sgt;
d - cmayBIsrsEpkxageRkAbMputmkTIRbCMuTmn;EdkrgkmaMgTaj km<s;RbsiTPaB
smIkarlMnwgBIr EdlCaeKalkarN_kgkarviPaK nigKNnaeRKOgbgMehIymantmRKb;muxkat; nigRKb;
RbePTbnkKW
- kmaMgsgt;RtUvmantmesIkmaMgTaj C = T
- ersIusg;m:Um:g;Bt;xagkg M esIeTAnwgplKuNrvagkmaMgsgt; bkmaMgTajCamYynwgdXas;
M = C (d z ) = T (d z ) nig M = M Edl emKuNkat;bnyersIusg;
b
T.Chhay
50
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kareRbIR)as;nUvsmIkarTaMgenHRtUv)anBnl;sRmab;muxkat;ragctuekaNEkgCamYyEdktMbn;Taj. mux
kat;GacCa balanced section muxkat;EdlmanEdktic muxkat;EdlmanEdkeRcIn GaRsyedaykareRbIR)as;nUv
PaKryEdk.
3>6>1> balanced section
edayCMnYs E
cb = (
= 200000 MPa
600
)d
600 + f y
a=
As f y
0.85 f 'c b
b =
As
bd
As = b bd
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
51
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
CMnYs A eTAkgsmIkarxagelI
s
CMnYstm c
=(
b = 0.851
f 'c
600
(
)
f y 600 + f y
600
)d
600 + f y
eTAkgsmIkarxagelI eyIg)an
sRmab;muxkat;ragctuekaNEkg cmay z = a2
a
a
M n = C (d ) = T (d )
2
2
dUecH M = A f (d a2 )
m:Um:g;kgxagelIEdl)anKNna RtUvkat;bnyedayemKuN
n
M n = As f y (d
As f y
1.7 f 'c b
smIkarenH sresredayCab;GBaat
M n = f y bd (d
bdf y
1.7 f 'c b
) = f y bd 2 (1
f y
1.7 f 'c
eyIgGacsresrsmIkarxagelIenHCa
M n = Ru bd 2
f y
a
=
d 0.85 f 'c
3>6>2> PaKryEdkGtibrma
PaKryEdkGtibrma EdlGaceRbIenAkgmuxkat;ebtugEdlmanEtEdkrgkmaMgTaj QrelIeKal
karN_bERmbRmYlrageFobsuTenAkgEdkrgkmaMgTaj PaKryEdk balanced nigersIusg;rbs;Edk.
max
T.Chhay
52
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
TMnak;TMngrvagPaKryEdkenAkgmuxkat; nigbERmbRmYlrageFobsuT
0.003 +
fy
Es
=
b 0.003 + t
sRmab;
f y = 414 MPa
0.003 +
t
=(
fy
Es
) 0.003
nigsnt; f y / Es = 0.00207
0.00507
=
b
0.008
kgkrNIEdl =
max
max = 0.63375 b
PaKryEdkenHeFVI[FwmmanlkNyWtRKb;RKan;munnwg)ak;
Casegb
sRmab; f = 276MPa = 0.5474
y
max
sRmab;muxkat;rgkmaMgTaj = 0.9
- sRmab;muxkat;enAkgtMbn; transition region snt;
b 0.6 > dc > 0.375
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
53
= 0.004
minRtUvtUcCag 0.004
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
0.00507
=
b
0.007
kgkrNIEdl =
max t
max t = 0.724 b
< 0.9
250
)
3
]TahrN_1 sRmab;muxkat;dUcbgajkgrUb
k> kMNt;muxkat;Edk balanced section
x> muxkat;EdkGtibrmaEdlGnuBaateday ACI Code sRmab; tension-controlled section nigsRmab;muxkat;
enAkgtMbn; transition region
K> TItaMgGkSNWt nigRbEvgbkkugRtaMgsgt;sRmab;muxkat;rgkmaMgTaj
smtikm f ' = 28MPa nig f = 400MPa
y
dMeNaHRsay
k> kMNt;muxkat;Edk balanced section
b = 0.851
f 'c
600
(
)
f y 600 + f y
b = 0.852
f y = 400 MPa
nig
= 0.85
28
600
(
) = 0.030345
400 600 + 400
muxkat;EdkEdldak;kgmuxkat;ebtugedIm,I)anlkxN balanced KW
T.Chhay
54
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
max = (
fy
Es
0.003 + t
sRmab;
max =
) b
= 0.005
0.005
b = 0.625 b = 0.625 0.030345 = 0.019
0.008
sRmab; = 0.9
max = (
sRmab;
fy
Es
0.003 + t
t
max =
) b
= 0.004
0.005
b = 0.714 b = 0.714 0.030345 = 0.0217
0.007
sRmab; = 0.817
As max f y
0.85 f 'c b
49.4 400
= 20.76cm
0.85 28 40
cmayBIsrsEpkxagelImkGkSNWtKW
c=
20.76
= 24.42cm
0.85
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
55
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
muxkat;Edk 3DB30 A = 21.195cm
21.195
PaKryEdkeRbIR)as;kgebtug = bdA = 30
= 0.0128
55
PaKryEdk balanced kgebtug = 0.85 ff ' ( 600600+ f ) = 0.021675
2
400
= 16.62cm
RbEvgbkkugRtaMgsgt; a = 0.85A ff ' b = 021.85.195
20 30
s
TItaMgGkSNWt
16.62
c=
=
= 19.55cm
1 0.85
a
bERmbRmYlrageFobEdksuT
0.003 +
t = (
b
tension controlled section = 0.9
fy
Es
ersIusg;m:Um:g;xagkgKNna
a
2
16.62
) 10 3 = 356.25kN .m
2
400
= 18.91cm
RbEvgbkkugRtaMgsgt; a = 0.85A ff ' b = 240.85.1152
20 30
s
TItaMgGkSNWt
18.91
c=
=
= 22.25cm
1 0.85
bERmbRmYlrageFobEdksuT
0.003 +
t = (
fy
Es
= 373.43kN .m
T.Chhay
56
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
max =
0.005
b = 0.625 b = 0.625 0.021675 = 0.01355
0.008
400
= 17.535cm
RbEvgbkkugRtaMgsgt; a = 0.85A ff ' b = 220.85.3575
20 30
s
17.535
a
M n = As f y (d ) = 0.9 22.3575 400 (55
) 10 3 = 372.11kN .m
2
2
3>6>3> PaKryEdkGb,brma
RbsinebIm:Um:g;Gnuvtn_mkelIFwmmantmtUc ehIyTMhMnmuxkat;FMCagGVIEdlRtUvkarsRmab;Tb;Tl;nwg
m:Um:g; enaHkarKNnanwgbgaj[eXIjmuxkat;EdktUc bkKan. RbsinebImindak;srsEdk Fwmrgm:Um:g;nwgrg
kar)ak;Pam. ACI Code kMNt;nUvmuxkat;EdkGb,brma A
f'
1.4
A
=
b d nig
b d
f
4f
s min
s min
Edl
f 'c
bw d
2 fy
sRmab;muxkat;ragctuekaNEkg
CaTTwgsab
bw = b
bw
3>7> muxkat;lm
muxkat;EdlmanlkNlm RbsinebIersIusg;m:Um:g;kgnmuxkat;FMCag besIm:Um:g;xageRkA
M M . viFIsaRsGacsegbdUcxageRkam
- KNnam:Um:g;xageRkAEdlGnuvtmkelIeRKOgbgM M
n
M u = 1.2M D + 1.6M L
- KNna M sRmab;muxkat;EdlsrsEdkrgkmaMgTaj
+ RtYtBinitfa < <
A f
+ kMNt; a =
nigRtYtBinit sRmab;
0.85 f ' b
n
min
max
kMNt; M
a
= As f y (d )
2
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
57
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
- RbsinebI M
Mu
enaHmuxkat;manlkNlm
dMeNaHRsay
bnkKNna
Wu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2 22 + 1.6 13 = 47.2kN / m
m:Um:g;KNna
M u = Wu
L2
2.52
= 47.2
= 147.5kN .m
2
2
muxkat;Edk
As = 11.3982cm 2
T.Chhay
58
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
PaKryEdkenAkgmuxkat;ebtug
=
As 11.3982
=
= 0.012256
bd 20 46.5
PaKryEdk balanced
f 'c
600
(
) = 0.030345
f y 600 + f y
b = 0.851
RbEvgbkkugRtaMgsgt;
a=
As f y
0.85 f 'c b
11.3982 400
= 9.578cm
0.85 28 20
TItaMgGkSNWt
c=
9.578
= 11.268cm
0.85
bERmbRmYlrageFobEdksuT
0.003 +
t = (
fy
Es
ersIusg;m:Um:g;xagkgKNna
a
2
9.578
) 10 3 = 171.155kN .m
2
muxkat;manlkNRKb;RKan;
]TahrN_5 eKmanFwmmuxkat;mYymanRbEvg 6m . FwmenHmanmuxkat;dUcbgajkgrUb. edayeRbI
f ' = 20MPa nig f = 400 MPa kMNt;bnkGefrrayesIGnuBaat. FwmenHminmanbnkefrGVIeRkABITmn;
xnvaeT.
M n > M u
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
59
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
Tmn;pal;rbs;Fwm
WD = 30 52.5 10 4 24 = 3.78kN / m
muxkat;Edk
As = 14.71875cm 2
RbEvgbkkugRtaMgsgt;
a=
As f y
0.85 f 'c b
14.71875 400
= 17.32cm
0.85 20 20
PaKryEdkeRbIR)as;enAkgmuxkat;ebtug
=
As 14.71875
=
= 0.009345
bd 30 52.5
f 'c
600
(
) = 0.021675
f y 600 + f y
b = 0.851
bERmbRmYlrageFobEdksuT
0.003 +
t = (
fy
Es
ersIusg;m:Um:g;xagkgKNna
a
2
eday[ M = M
m:ageTot M = 1.2M
u
17.32
) 10 3 = 232.3kN .m
2
+ 1.6 M L
3.78 6 2
W
) + 1.6( L 6 2 ) = 20.412 + 7.2WL
8
8
232.3 20.412
WL =
= 29.43kN / m
7.2
232.3 = 1.2(
As = 3.3912cm2
PaKryEdkeRbIR)as;enAkgmuxkat;ebtug
T.Chhay
60
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
As 3.3912
=
= 0.00377
bd 20 45
PaKryEdkGb,brmaeRbIR)as;enAkgmuxkat;ebtug
min = max(
f 'c 1.4
, ) = max(0.004756,0.00596) = 0.00596
4 fy fy
< min
a=
As f y
0.85 f 'c b
> 6.258cm 2
7.63 235
= 5.274cm
0.85 20 20
ersIusg;m:Um:g;xagkgKNna
a
2
5.274
) 10 3 = 68.4kN .m
2
M n > M u
max
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
61
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
segb karkMNt;EdkrgkmaMgTajsRmab;muxkat;ctuekaNEkg
1> kMNt;PaKryEdkeRbIR)as;enAkgebtug = bdA
2> kMNt;PaKryEdk balanced = 0.85 ff ' ( 600600+ f ) nigPaKryEdkGtibrma
s
0.003 +
Es
) b
0.008
f 'c 1.4
= max(
, )
4 fy fy
max = (
min
fy
3> RbsinebI < < kMNt; a = 0.85A ff ' b / c / nig = 0.9 . RbsinebI <
PaKryEdkEdleRbIR)as;kgebtugminRKb;RKan; eTaHCay:agNaPaKryEdkEdleRbIR)as;kgebtug
RtUvEt . RbsinebI enaH < 0.9 .
4> kMNt;ersIusg;m:Um:g;xagkgKNna M = A f (d a2 )
s
min
max
min
min
max
3>9> muxkat;ctuekaNEkgCamYyEdkrgkmaMgsgt;
enAkgmuxkat;ebtug muxkat;EdkEdlTb;nwgm:Um:g;Bt; RtUv)ankMNt;ecjBIbnkxageRkAEdlmanGMeBI
elIeRKOgbgM edayeFVIy:agNa[ersIusg;m:Um:g;xagkgFMCag besInwgm:Um:g;xageRkA. b:uEnenAeBlEdlmux
kat;ebtug TTwg nigkm<s;RbsiTPaB mantmtUcenaH RtUv)aneRbI. RbsinebIm:Um:g;xageRkAFMCag
ersIusg;m:Um:g;xagkg enaHbrimaNEdksgt; nigEdkTajRtUv)anbEnm.
Edksgt;RtUv)aneRbI enAeBlEdlmuxkat;ebtugRtUv)ankMNt;edaymUlehtusabtkm. pl
RbeyaCn_rbs;Edksgt;KW kat;bnyPaBdabryeBlyUr nigedIm,IgayRsYldak;Edkkg.
muxkat;EdkDubmanBIrkrNIEdleKRtUvBicarNa GaRsyeTAnwgkareFVIrbs;Edkdl;cMNuc yield bGt;.
max
T.Chhay
62
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
s1
u2
s2
m:Um:g; M Cam:Um:g;Edl)anBImuxkat;sRmab;EdkrgkarTajeKal
u1
As1 f y
0.85 f 'c b
a
M u1 = As1 f y (d )
2
0.003 +
fy
A
nigtUcCag besI = ( 0.008E ) sRmab;[muxkat;
karkMNt; M RtUv[ < bd
rgkarTajeKal.
BicarNaelIm:Um:g; M edaysnt;fa muxkat;Edkrgkarsgt; A' eFVIkardl;cMNuc yield
s
s1
u1
max
u2
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
63
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M u 2 = As 2 f y (d d ' )
M u 2 = A' s f y (d d ' )
- CacmayBIsrsEpkxageRkAbMputeTAGkSEdkrgkarsgt;
kgkrNIenH A = A' begItnUvkmaMgesIKa EtTisedApyKa
m:Um:g;srub esInwgplbUknm:Um:g; M nig M
d'
s2
u1
u2
a
2
muxkat;EdksrubEdleRbIsRmab;karTajCaplbUknbrimaNEdk A nig A
dUecH A = A + A = A + A'
s1
s1
s2
s1
s2
As1 = As A' s
( A A's ) f y
a= s
0.85 f 'c b
dUecHeK)an M
a
= [( As A' s ) f y (d ) + A' s f y (d d ' )]
2
fy
0 . 003 +
Es
1 = ( ' ) max = b (
)
0 . 008
n
(1)
nigeyIgman
sRmab; f = 414MPa enaH ( ' ) 0.63375 / = 0.9 nig = 0.005
kar)ak;rbs;FwmbNalmkBIEdksrubrgkarTajeFVIkardl;cMNuc yield ehIykarEbkPamrbs;ebtugRtUv)an
eCosvag.
RbsinebI = ( ' ) > enHmuxkat;sitenAtMbn; transition region Edl
y
max
0.003 +
fy
Es
)
0.007
( ' ) max,t = b (
enaH
u2
max,t
0.85 f 'c )
T.Chhay
s1
fy
64
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
EckGgTaMgBIrnwg bdf
' (1 0.85
f 'c
) = 1
fy
Edl
As1
max
bd
0.003 +
max
= b (
fy
Es
)
0.008
(2)
's y =
max
fy
Es
tamrUbxagelI eyIg)an
c
=
d'
0.003
0.003
fy
600
600 f y
Es
600
)d '
c=(
600 f y
s1
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
65
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dUecHeyIg)an ( A A' ) f
s
= 0.85 f 'c ab
f 'c a
)( )
fy d
eday a = c = ( 600600 f
1
)d '
)=K
T.Chhay
66
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
muxkat;EdkrgkarTaj A = 36.93cm PaKryEdkrgkarTaj = 3036.9360 = 0.02052
muxkat;Edkrgkarsgt; A' = 7.6cm PaKryEdkrgkarsgt; ' = 307.660 = 0.0042
muxkat;EdkrgkarTajeKal A = 29.33cm PaKryEdkrgkarTajeKal = 3029.3360 = 0.01629
2
s1
K = 0.851 (
28 6
600
600
f 'c d '
= 0.01517
)( )(
) = 0.852
400 60 600 400
f y d 600 f y
max
= 0.019
max
a
2
( As A's ) f y
0.85 f 'c b
a = 16.43cm
16.43
) + 7.6 400 (60 6)] 10 3 = 694.5kN .m
2
a
16.43
=
= 19.33cm
0.85 0.85
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
67
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
(60 + 6) 19.33
d c
t = ( t )0.003 =
0.003 = 0.007 > 0.005
19.33
c
c 19.33
=
= 0.322 < 0.375
d
60
b
muxkat;EdkrgkarTajsrub
RtwmRtUv
)=K
eday[ C
c d'
)
c
c d'
)
c
edaysar T = A f
s
= Cc + C s
enaH
c d'
)0.85 f 'c ]
c
c d'
)0.85 f 'c ]
c
(0.85 f 'c 1b)c 2 + [(600 A' s ) (0.85 f 'c A' s ) As f y ]c 600 A' s d ' = 0
smIkarenHmanTRmg; A c
eRkayeBlKNna c
KNna f ' = 600( c c d ' )
+ A2 c + A3 = 0
T.Chhay
68
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
a
2
M n = [Cc (d ) + C s (d d ' )]
enAeBlEdksgt;eFVIkarmindl;cMNuc yield/
ctuekaNEkgKW
MaxAs = max bd + A' s
nigEdkTajsrubRtUvkarsRmab;muxkat;
f 's < f y
f 's
' f 's
= bd ( max +
)
fy
fy
edayEckGgTaMgBIrnwg bd eyIg)anPaKryEdk
Max =
MaxAs
f'
max + ' s
bd
fy
b ( ' ff ' )
s
max
a
2
segb viFIsaRsviPaKmuxkat;CamYyEdkrgkarsgt;
1> kMNt; / ' / ( ' ) dUcKakMNt; /
2> kMNt; K = 0.85 ( ff ' )( dd' )( 600600 f )
max
min
max
s
min
+ Cc
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
69
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
max
Edl)aneRbI
MaxAs = bd ( max + '
f 's
) As
fy
dMeNaHRsay
A'
14.72
kMNt; = bdA = 3542.3957 = 0.02125 / ' = bd
=
= 0.00738 / ( ' ) = 0.01387
35 57
eday f ' = 35MPa = 0.85 0.05( f ' 728 ) = 0.85 0.05( 35 7 28 ) = 0.8
35 6.5
600
kMNt; K = 0.85 ( ff ' )( dd' )( 600600 f ) = 0.85 0.8( 400
)( )(
) = 0.020355
57 600 400
s
b = 0.851
max =
0.005
0.0357 = 0.02231
0.008
muxkat;rgkarTaj = 0.9
kMNt;cmayGkSNWt c
C = 0.85 f ' ab eday a = c = 0.8c C = 0.85 35 0.8c 350 = 8330c
( ' ) < max
T.Chhay
70
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
eday
c 65
) 43792
c
kMNt;
kMNt; C = 0.85 f ' ab C = 0.85 35 119.2 350 = 1241170N = 1241.17kN
kMNt; C = A' ( f ' 0.85 f ' ) C = 1472(339 0.85 35) = 455216 N = 455.216kN
edIm,IkMNt;ersIusg;m:Um:g;kg eKRtUvKitm:Um:g;eFobGkSEdkTaj A
c
a
2
0.1192
) + 455.216(0.57 0.065)]
2
M n = 863.38kN .m
max
(0.02125 0.00738
kMNt;muxkat;EdkTajGtibrma MaxA = bd (
s
max
+ '
339
) = 0.015 < 0.02231
400
f 's
)
fy
339
) = 56.99cm 2 > 42.39cm 2
400
RtwmRtUv
RtwmRtUv
14.9
c
=
= 0.25 < 0.375
d t 57 + 9 6.5
d c
t = t
0.003 = 0.009 > 0.005
c
muxkat;rgkarTaj
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
71
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
3>10>1> TTwgRbsiTPaB
sRmab;muxkat;GkSr T EdlsabmanRbEvgEvg kugRtaMgsgt;manragCa):ar:abUl EdltmGtibrma
sitenAelIFwm ehIytmGb,brmasitenAcmay x BImuxrbs;Fwm. ehIykugRtaMgkERbRbYlBIsrsEpkxag
elIsab mksrsEpkxageRkamsab BIGtibrmamkGb,brma.
tmbERmbRmYlenHGaRsyeTAnwgTItaMgGkSNWt.
kugRtaMgsmmUl CakugRtaMgBRgayesImanGMeBIelITTwgsabsmmUl b . TTwgRbsiTPaB b RtUv)an
eKkMNt;edayGnuKmneTAnwg
e
T.Chhay
72
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RbelaHElVg s
TTwgRTnug b
TMnak;TMngrvagkRmas;kRmalxN nigkm<s;srubrbs;Fwm
lkxNTRmrbs;Fwm samBa bCab;
lkxNbnk BRgayesI bcMcMNuc
pleFobrvagRbEvgFwmcenaHm:Um:g;sUn nigTTwgRTnug nigcmayrvagRTnug
1
)ankMNt;nUvTTwgRbsiTPaBedaykMNt;yktmGb,brmansmIkarxageRkam
L
-b =
Edl L CaRbEvgFwm
4
- b = 16t + b Edl t kRmas;kRmalxN nig b TTwgRTnug
- b = b Edl b cmayBIcenaHGkSkRmalxN
muxkat;ragGkSr T bmuxkat;ragGkSr I GacRtUvviPaKCaragctuekaNEkg bragGkSr T GaRsyelITI
taMgGkSNWt.
ACI Code
e
nig M
a
= As f y (d )
2
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
73
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
t
= As f y (d )
2
sRmab;karviPaKenH A A nig
s
s max
0.005
3>10>3> viPaKmuxkat;ragGkSret T
kgkrNIenH GkSNWtsitenAelIRTnug. EpkxHrbs;ebtugenAkgRTnugmanRbsiTPaBkgkarTb;Tl;
nwgm:Um:g;xageRkA.
kmaMgsgt; C = 0.85 f ' [b t + b (a t )]
TItaMgrbs; C sitenAelITIRbCMuTmn;rbs;pragGkSr T enAcmay z BIsrsEpkxageRkAbMput.
c
T.Chhay
74
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karviPaKmuxkat;ragGkSr T manlkNRsedogKanwgkarviPaKmuxkat;ebtugEdlEdkrgkarsgt;
edaycat;Tukpebtug (b b )t smmUleTAnwgEdksgt; A' . karviPaKenHEckecjCaBIrEpkdUcbgajkg
rUbxageRkam
e
s1
s1
nigkmaMg
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
75
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
sf
sf
muxkat;Edksrub A EdleRbIkgmuxkat;GkSr T KW A = A + A
b A = A A
muxkat;GkSr T sitkgsanPaBlMnwg dUecH C = T / C = T nig C = C + C
BicarNaelIsmIkar C = T sRmab;muxkat;eKalctuekaNEkg eK)an
A f = 0.85 f ' ab b ( A A ) f = 0.85 f ' ab
dUecH a = (0A.85 fA' b) f
cMNaMfa b RtUv)aneRbIedIm,IkMNt; a .
ersIusg;nm:Um:g;kgnmuxkat;CaplbUknm:Um:g;BIr M nig M
s1
sf
sf
s1
s1
sf
= T1 + T2 + T
sf
u1
u2
M n = M u1 + M u 2
a
a
M u1 = As1 f y (d ) = ( As Asf ) f y (d )
2
2
( As Asf ) f y
As1 = As Asf
a=
0.85 f 'c bw
t
M u 2 = Asf f y (d )
2
a
t
M n = [( As Asf ) f y (d ) + Asf f y (d )]
2
2
nig
Edl
min
w =
As
min
bw d
min =
f 'c
4 fy
1.4
fy
76
0.005
sRmab;muxkat;rgkarTaj
Flexural Analysis of Reinforced Concrete
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
MaxAs =
PaKryEdkeFobnwgRTnug
Asf
As
( max +
)
bw d
bw d
w f max
1 w
min
- RtYtBinit
As
min
bw d
max
(bw d ) As
sf
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
77
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
max
sf
bRtYtBinit
f'
MaxAs = 0.85 c [(be bw )t + 0.3751bw d ] As
fy
sf
/ sRmab; = 0.9
g> kMNt; M = [( A A ) f (d a2 ) + A f (d 2t )]
]TahrN_9 FwmebtugGarem:EdlmanRbEvg 4.5m ehIymanKMlatBImYyeTAmYyRbEvg 2m . FwmenHRTkM
ralxNEdlmankRmas; 10cm . kMNt;nUversIusg;m:Um:g;kgrbs;FwmkNal. eKeRbI f ' = 20MPa nig
f = 400 MPa .
n
sf
sf
dMeNaHRsay
kMNt;TTwgRbsiTiPaB
450
L
be = min{16t + bw ; ; b} = min{16 10 + 25;
;200} = 112.5cm
4
4
T.Chhay
78
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kMNt;km<s;bkkugRtaMg
A f
/ A = 14.72cm
a=
0.85 f ' b
s
a=
14.72 400
= 3.08cm < t
0.85 20 112.5
dUecHeyIgRtUvKNnaCaragctuekaNEkgEdlmanTTwg b = 112.5cm
PaKryEdkGb,brma = 4 ff ' 1f.4 = 0.0035
e
min
min
PaKryGtibrma
max
= 0.625 0.85 1
PaKryEdkeFobnwgpRkLaRTnug
f 'c
fy
600
) = 0.01355
600 + f y
As
14.72
=
= 0.01472 > 0.0035
bw d 25 40
= 3.62cm
TItaMgGkSNWt c = a = 30..08
85
1
max
RtwmRtUv
]TahrN_10 KNnaersIusg;m:Um:g;kgnmuxkat;GkSr T dUcbgajkgrUb edayeRbI
f = 400 MPa .
MaxA = 37.22cm 2 > As
f 'c = 25MPa
nig
dMeNaHRsay
eK[ b = b = 90cm / b
e
= 25cm d = 43cm
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
nig A
79
= 36.93cm 2
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
sf
epgpat;
As1 f y
a ( web) =
0.85 f 'c bw
a ( web)
c=
= 11.29cm
12.76 400
= 9.6cm
0.85 25 25
d t = 52 6.5 = 45.8cm
t = 0.003(
dt c
) = 0.00917 > 0.005 = 0.9
c
RtYtBinit A
KNna M
s min
RtwmRtUv
a
t
= [( As Asf ) f y (d ) + Asf f y (d )]
2
2
96
70
M n = 0.9[(3693 2417)400(430 ) + 2417 400(430 )
2
2
n
T.Chhay
80
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
viPaKebtugGarem:rgkarBt;begag
81
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
IV.
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
kRmalxN
mYyTis
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
Fwm
L/16
L/18.5
L/21
L/8
TTwgFwmRtUv)ankMNt;ecjBIkm<s;rbs;Fwm edaykMNt;enAcenaH 13 d 12 d .
4>2> muxkat;ctuekaNEkgCamYyEdkrgkarTaj
xageRkamCarUbmnsRmab;karKNnamuxkat;rgkarTaj
b = 0.851
f 'c
600
(
)
f y 600 + f y
0.003 +
max = b (
sRmab;
fy
Es
)
0.008
f y = 400 MPa
max = 0.625 b
= 0.85
T.Chhay
82
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
mYyPaKryEdkkan;EtFMenaHPaBsVitrbs;ebtugkan;EttUc. xageRkamCataragbgajBIPaKryEdksMNUmBr
GaRsyersIusg;ebtug nigersIusg;Edk.
taragTI1 PaKryEdksMNUmBr
s
f y (MPa)
f 'c ( MPa)
20
235
400
400
500
400
500
28
35
% s
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.4
M n = M u = Ru bd 2
max
1
2
Ru = f y (1
f y
1.7 f 'c
max
1
2
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
83
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
bd 2 =
Mu
Ru
0.85 f 'c
4M u
(1 1
)
fy
1.7f 'c bd 2
As = bd
KNna d =
Mu
Ru b
RbsinebI db = 2 enaH d =
2M u
Ru b
As = bd
T.Chhay
84
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
85
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Ggt;pitEdkFMCag 20mm
+ Ggt;pitEdktUcCag 20mm
+
20
15
4>3>3> TTwgGb,brmarbs;muxkat;ebtug
smIkarTUeTAedIm,IkMNt;TTwgGb,brmarbs;muxkat;ebtugGacsresrdUcxageRkam
b = nD + (n 1) s + 2(Edkkg ) + 2(RsTab;karBarEdk )
Edl n - cMnYnEdkbeNay
D - Ggt;pitEdkEdlFMCageK
s - KMlatEdk
min
4>3>4> km<s;Gb,brmarbs;muxkat;ebtug
km<s;rbs;muxkat;ebtugRtUv)ankMNt;edayGaRsynwgRsTab;Edk.
- EdkmYyRsTab; h = d + D2 + 50mm
- EdkBIrRsTab; h = d + D + 60mm
]TahrN_1 kMNt;muxkat;Edk nigmuxkat;ebtugedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;KNna 490kN .m edayeRbIPaKryEdk
Gtibrma sRmab;muxkat;rgkarTaj. smtikm f ' = 20MPa nig f = 400MPa .
1
max
dMeNaHRsay
eday f ' = 20MPa /
c
b = 0.851
T.Chhay
f y = 400MPa 1 = 0.85
f 'c
600
(
)
f y 600 + f y
86
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
20
600
(
) = 0.021675
400 600 + 400
fy
0.003 +
Es
max = b (
) = 0.625 b = 0.01355
0.008
max f y
0.01355 400
Ru (max) = max f y (1
) = 0.9 0.01355 400(1
) = 4.1MPa
1.7 f 'c
1.7 20
b = 0.85 2
bd 2 =
Mu
490 10 6
=
= 119.5 10 6 mm 3
Ru (max)
4.1
/
/
b = 300mm / d = 630mm / A = 25.61cm 6DB 25
b = 400mm / d = 546.5mm / A = 29.62cm
* kareRCIserIskm<s;RbsiTPaBGaRsynwgktaxageRkam
- km<s;bnb; TTwgrbs;muxkat;tUcpl;nUvkm<s;FwmFM Edlkat;bnylMhkm<s;. elIsBIenH FwmeRCA
cegtkat;bnyersIusg;m:Um:g;edaykarxUcRTg;RTayxag lateral deformation.
- brimaN nigkarBRgaysrsEdk FwmcegtRtUvkarsrsEdkeRcInCagmYyRsTab; dUcenHvabegIt
km<s;Fwm.
- kRmas;CBaaMg RbsinebIbksIum:gt_RtUv)aneRbI TTwg b RtUv)aneRCIserIsesInwgkRmas;CBaaMg.
sRmab; GKarCBaaMgxagRkas;CagCBaaMgkg.
* kareRCIserIsmuxkat;EdkGaRsynwgktaxageRkam
- karteRmobEdkRKb;RKan;enAkgmuxkat; CaTUeTA mYyRsTab; bBIrRsTab; nigbMeBjtamlkxN ACI
Code sRmab;KMlatEdkGb,brma.
- pmuxkat;EdkeRCIserIsRtUvmantmEk,rbMputpsrsEdktRmUvkar
dUcenHeyIgeRCIserIsyk b = 300mm / d = 630mm / A = 25.61cm 6 @ DB25 RtUvteRmobBIrRsTab;
kMNt;km<s;Fwm h = d + D + 60mm = 630 + 25 + 60 = 715mm
dUcenHyk h = 750mm d = 665mm
b = 250mm d = 691.5mm As = 23.42cm 2
2
87
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
eday f ' = 20MPa /
Ru = f y (1
bd 2 =
f y
1.7 f 'c
0.01 400
) = 3.1765MPa
1.7 20
M u 490 106
=
= 154257830mm3
3.1765
Ru
min
min
min
d = 720 64 = 656mm
RtYtBinitersIusg;m:Um:g;
24.62
= 0.0098 < max tension-controlled section
35 72
As f y
24.62 400
a=
= 16.55cm
=
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 20 35
T.Chhay
88
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
a
2
RtYtBinitsac;lUteFobEdksuT
t = (
0.005
165.5
) = 508.083 106 N .mm = 508.083kN .m > 490MPa
2
) 0.003
20
600
(
) = 0.021675
400 600 + 400
0.0098
=
= 0.452
b 0.021675
0.005
t =
0.003 = 0.008 > 0.005
0.452
a
16.55
c=
=
= 19.47
0.85 0.85
c 19.47
=
= 0.3 < 0.375
dt
65.6
b = 0.85 2
epgpat;
m:ageTot
epgpat;
dMeNaHRsay
edaysnt;Edk DB25 mYyRsTab;
d = 500 70 = 430mm = 43cm
eday
f 'c = 28MPa
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
89
f 'c
600
(
)
f y 600 + f y
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
28
600
(
) = 0.030345
400 600 + 400
f
0.003 + y
Es
max = b (
) = 0.625 b = 0.019
0.008
0.85 f 'c
4M u
=
(1 1
)
fy
1.7f 'c bd 2
b = 0.852
edaysnt; = 0.9
0.85 28
4 200 106
(1 1
) = 0.01356 < max
400
1.7 0.9 28 250 4302
BitR)akd
tension-controlled section
As = bd = 0.01356 25 43 = 14.58cm2
DB 25 As 25 = 4.9cm 2
A
n= s =3
As 25
= 425kN .m
max
max
Ru (max) = max f y (1
bd 2 =
max f y
1.7 f 'c
0.019 400
) = 5.75MPa
1.7 28
425 106
Mu
=
= 73.913 106 mm3
5.75
Ru (max)
min
min
T.Chhay
90
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
BiPakSa
edaysarsrsEdkeRbIR)as; 32.154cm FMCagsrsEdktRmUvkar 30.59cm
2
32.154
= 0.02 > max
35 46
bERmbRmYlrageFobEdksuT
=(
0.005
250
) = 0.867 < 0.9
3
As f y
32.154 400
a=
=
= 15.44cm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 28 35
a
154.4
M n = As f y (d ) = 0.867 3215.4 400(460
) = 426.86 106 N .mm = 426.86kN .m 425kN .m
2
2
= 0.65 + ( t 0.002)(
4>4> muxkat;ctuekaNEkgCamYyEdkrgkarsgt;
RbsinebIm:Um:g;KNnamantmFMCagersIusg;m:Um:g;kg enaHmuxkat;RtUv)armuxkat;EdkbEnmsRmab;tMbn;
rgkarTaj nigrgkarsgt;. srsEdkrgkarsgt;pl;nUvkmaMgsgt;bEnmeTAelIkmaMgsgt;rbs;ebtug.
k> edaysnt;EdkrgkarTajmanmYyRsTab;
viFIsaRsKNnasRmab;muxkat;ctuekaNEkgCamYyEdkrgkarsgt; enAeBleKsal; M / f ' / b / d
nig d ' mandUcxageRkam
- KNnaPaKryEdk balanced nigPaKryEdkGtibrma edayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam
u
max
b = 0.851
nig
f 'c
600
(
)
f y 600 + f y
0.003 +
max
s1
Ru (max) = max f y (1
fy
Es
)
0.008
= b (
kMNt;muxkat;EdkGtibrmasRmab;rgkarTaj A
- KNna R edayeRbI ( = 0.9)
u (max)
= maxbd
max
max f y
1.7 f 'c
- KNnaersIusg;m:Um:g;kgEdlekItedaysarmuxkat;EdkrgkarTaj M edayeRbI R
u1
u (max)
M u1 = Ru (max)bd 2
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
91
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
RbsinebI M
+ RbsinebI M
+
0.85 f 'c
fy
enaHRtUvkarEdkrgkarsgt;
> M enaHminRtUvkarEdkrgkarsgt;eT. KNnaPaKryEdk tamrUbmn
4M
(1 1
) nigKNna A = bd .
1.7f ' bd
u1
< Mu
u1
- KNna M = M M CaersIusg;m:Um:g;EdlekItBIEdkrgkarsgt;
- KNna A BI M = A f (d d ' ) nigbnab;mkKNna A = A + A
- KNnakugRtaMgenAkgEdkrgkarsgt;dUcxageRkam
c d'
+ KNna f ' = 600(
) f
c
+ bKNna ' BIdaRkambMErbMrYlrageFob nig f ' = ' E . RbsinebI ' = enaHEdkrgkar
sgt; yield ehIy f ' = f .
+ KNna A' BI M = A f ' (d d ' ) .RbsinebI f ' = f enaH A' = A . EtebI f ' < f
enaH A' > A ehIy A' = A ( ff ' ) .
- eRCIserIsmuxkat;EdksRmab; A nig A' edIm,IeGaysmlmnwgTTwg b . CaTUeTA Edk A eRcIn
teRmobCaBIrRsTab; A' eRcInteRmobCamYyRsTab;.
- KNna h = d + 65mm sRmab;EdkrgkarTajmYyRsTab; nig h = d + 90mm sRmab;Edkrgkar
TajBIrRsTab;. RtYtBinitfa [ ' ( ff ' )] < edayeRbI d fI bRtYtBinit
u2
s2
u1
u2
s2
s1
s2
u2
s2
s2
s2
s2
max
f 's
)] As
fy
A'
eday = bdA nig '= bd
. karRtYtBinitenHmincaM)ac;eT
s
RbsinebI RtUv)aneRbIenAkgmuxkat;eKal.
- RbsinebIcaM)ac; eKRtUvKNnaersIusg;m:Um:g;nmuxkat;cugeRkay M ehIyeRbobeFobCamYy M
edayeGay M M .
- RtYtBinitbERmbRmYlrageFobEdksuT = ( d c c )0.003 0.005
x> edaysnt;EdkrgkarTajmanBIrRsTab;
kgkrNIEdkrgkarTajmanBIrRsTab; eKGacsnt;fa d = h 90mm nig
d = h 65mm = d + 25mm . eKmanviFIBIry:agkgkarkMNt;muxkat;srsEdk
- vIFITI1 edaysnt; sac;lUteFobEdksuTenAnIv:UTIRbCMuTmn;EdkTajesI 0.005 b = 0.005
enAnIv:U d . kgkrNIenH bERmbRmYlrageFobEdksuT sRmab;srsEdkRsTab;eRkambMputman
tmFMCag 0.005 .
max
T.Chhay
92
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
t = (
dt c
)0.003 > 0.005
c
. dUcenHeyIgedaHRsaydUckrNIxagelI EdkrgkarTajmanmYyRs
Tab;.
- vIFITI2 edaysnt; = 0.005 enAnIv:UEdkRsTab;eRkameK d . kgkrNIenH bERmbRmYlrag
eFobEdkeFobenAnIv:UTIRbCMuTmn;EdkTajmantmtUcCag 0.005 = ( d c c )0.003 < 0.005
EdlenAEtGacTTYlyk)an. dMeNaHRsaytamviFITI2enH segbdUcxageRkam
3
+ KNna d = h 65mm / c = ( )d nig a = c
8
+ KNnakmaMgsgt;enAkgebtug C = 0.85 f ' ab = T = A f
A
kMNt; A . KNna M = A f (d a2 ) . = bd
/ = 0.9
+ KNna M = M M edaysnt; d '= 65mm
+ KNna A BI M = A f (d d ' ) eday f ' = f . muxkat;EdkrgkarTajsrub
t
s1 y
s1
s1
u1
u2
u1
s2
s1 y
u2
s2
As = As1 + As 2
KNnakugRtaMgenAkgEdkrgkarsgt;dUcxageRkam
c d'
KNna f ' = 600(
) f
c
bKNna ' BIdaRkambMErbMrYlrageFob nig f ' = ' E . RbsinebI ' = enaHEdkrg
karsgt; yield ehIy f ' = f .
KNna A' BI M = A f ' (d d ' ) . RbsinebI f ' = f enaH A' = A . EtebI
f
f ' < f enaH A' > A ehIy A' = A ( ) .
f'
]TahrN_5 eKmanFwmmYymanmuxkat; b = 25cm nigkm<s; h = 55cm EdlRtUvRTnUvm:Um:g;Bt;KNna
M = 300kN .m . KNnasrsEdktRmUvkar. smtikm f ' = 20 MPa nig f = 345MPa .
dMeNaHRsay
- kMNt;ersIusg;m:Um:g;EdlekItBIEdkrgkarTajCaeKalsRmab;lkxN tension-controlled section
sRmab; f ' = 20MPa nig f = 345MPa / = 0.85
+
u2
s2
s2
s2
s2
b = 0.851
600
20
600
f 'c
(
) = 0.852
(
) = 0.0266
345 600 + 345
f y 600 + f y
fy
345
0.003 +
Es
200000 ) = 0.0157
max = b (
) = 0.0266(
0.008
0.008
f
0.0157 345
Ru (max) = max f y (1 max y ) = 0.9 0.0157 345(1
) = 4.1MPa
1.7 f 'c
1.7 20
0.003 +
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
93
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
edaysnt;EdkrgkarTajmanBIrRsTab;
d = h 90mm = 550 90 = 460mm
M n = Ru (max)bd 2 = 4.1 250 460 2 = 216.89 106 N .mm = 216.89kN .m < M u = 300 MPa
dUcenHmuxkat;enHRtuvkarEdkrgkarsgte; dIm,ITb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;EdlenAsl;.
- KNna A / M nig M
s1
u1
u2
u2
M u 2 = As 2 f y (d d ' )
As 2 =
Mu2
83.11 106
=
= 669mm2 = 6.69cm2
f y (d d ' ) 0.9 345 (460 60)
s1
s2
fy
s2
345
= 0.001725
200000 200000
As1 f y
1806 345
a=
=
= 146.6mm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 20 250
a 146.6
c=
=
= 172.47mm
1 0.85
172.47 60
's = (
) 0.003 = 0.00196 > y
172.47
y =
eday
eFVIkardl; yield
- RtYtBinit
edayeyIgeRbI nig R mkeRbIsRmab;edaHRsay edayeGaybERmbRmYlrageFobEdksuTenAnIv:UTIRbCMu
Tmn;Edk = 0.005 . dUcenHeyIgRtUvkMNt; sRmab;EdkenARsTab;eRkameKbMput.
t
max
dt = 550 60 = 490mm
490 172.47
d c
t = ( t
)0.003 = 0.0055 > 0.005
)0.003 = (
172.47
c
RtwmRtUv
T.Chhay
94
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
max
Ru (max) = max f y (1
max f y
1.7 f 'c
0.019 400
) = 5.75MPa
1.7 28
dUcenHRtUvkarEdksgt;
- KNna A , M , A nig A
s1
u2
s2
M u 2 = As 2 f y (d d ' )
As 2 =
110 106
= 873mm 2 = 8.73cm 2
0.9 400 (410 60)
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
95
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
s1
' K = 0.851
s2
600
f 'c d '
( )(
)
f y d 600 + f y
600
28 60
) = 0.00444
)(
(
400 410 600 + 400
A
23.37
' = s1 =
= 0.019 < K
bd 30 41
K = 0.852
f 's < f y
f 's = 600(
c d'
) fy
c
kMNt; c BI A
s1
= 23.37cm2
As1 f y
2337 400
=
= 130.92mm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 28 300
a 130.92
c=
=
= 154.02mm
1
0.85
154.02 60
f 's = 600(
) = 366.3MPa f y
154.02
a=
- KNna A' BI M
s
A's =
u2
110 106
= 953mm 2 = 9.53cm 2
0.9 366.3 ( 410 60)
eRbIEdk 2DB25
eyIgeXIjva eKarBtamlkxN
( '
f 's
) max
fy
dt = 500 60 = 440mm
d c
440 154.02
t = ( t
)0.003 = (
)0.003 = 0.0056 > 0.005
c
154.02
T.Chhay
96
RtwmRtUv
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
vIFITI2
edayeRbIEdkrgkarTajBIrRsTab; nigsac;lUteFobEdksuTenARsTab;eRkambMput
- KNna d = 500 60 = 440mm BIdaRkambERmbRmYlrageFob
= 0.005
0.003
0.003
c
=
=
= 0.375
dt 0.003 + t 0.008
c = 0.375dt = 165mm
a = 0.85c = 140.25mm
- kmaMgsgt;kgebtug
C1 = 0.85 f 'c ab = 0.85 28 140.25 300 = 1001385 N = 1001.385kN
sRmab;muxkat;manEdkrgkarTajCaeKal
eday C = T A = Tf = 1001385
= 2503mm
400
1
s1
= 25.03cm 2
d = 500 90 = 410mm
140.25
a
M u1 = As1 f y (d ) = 0.9 2503 400 (410
) = 306.25 106 N .mm = 306.25kN .m
2
2
A
25.03
1 = s1 =
= 0.0203
bd 30 41
- eday M
> M u1
dUcenHmuxkat;RtUvkarEdkrgkarsgt;
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
97
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
As 2 =
NPIC
Mu2
93.75 106
=
= 744mm2 = 7.44cm 2
0.9 f y (d d ' ) 0.9 400 (410 60)
K = 0.852
f 's < f y
c d'
165 60
) = 600(
) = 381.82MPa
c
165
KNna A' BI M
s
A's =
s2
28 60
600
(
)(
) = 0.00444
400 410 600 + 400
( ' ) = 1 < K
f 's = 600(
s1
u2
Mu2
93.75 106
=
= 779mm 2 = 7.79cm2
0.9 f 's (d d ' ) 0.9 381.82 (410 60)
eRbIEdk 2DB25
- RtYtBinitersIusg;m:Um:g;kg
As = 5DB30 = 35.325cm 2
A's = 2 DB 25 = 9.81cm2
As1 = As A's = 25.515cm 2
a
M n = [ As1 f y (d ) + A's f 's (d d ' )]
2
140.25
M n = 0.9[2551.5 400 (410
) + 981 381.82 (410 60)] = 430.18 106 N .mm
2
d c
410 165
s = (
)0.003 = (
)0.003 = 0.0045
c
165
eyIgeXIjfa
4>5> KNnamuxkat;GkSret T
kgkarKNnamuxkat;GkSr T edaysal;m:Um:g;KNna M / kRmas;sab t nigTTwgsab b . kRmas;
rbs;RTnug b ERbRbYlBI 20cm 50cm . GBaatBIreTotEdlRtUvkarKNnaKW km<s;RbsiTPaB d nigmux
kat;Edk A . eKmanBIkrNIEdlCYbRbTH
- enAeBleKsal; d
+ RtYtBinitfa muxkat;eFVIkarCaragctuekaNEkg bGkSret T edaysnt; a = t
KNnaersIusg;m:Um:g;sRmab;sabTaMgmUl
u
t
2
RbsinebI M > M enaH a > t KNnaCaragGkSret T. RbsinebI M < M enaH a < t KNna
CaragctuekaNEkg.
0.85 f '
4M
+ RbsinebI a < t enaHKNna =
(1 1
) / KNna A = bd .
1.7f ' bd
f
u
nf
epgpat;
T.Chhay
min
nf
.
98
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
+
m:Um:g;EdlTb;edayRTnugKW
M u1 = M u M u 2
1 =
u1
0.85 f 'c
4 M u1
(1 1
)
fy
1.7f 'c bw d 2
nigKNna A = b d
muxkat;Edksrub A = A + A
bnab;mkRtYtBinit A A dUcKa RtUvRtYtBinit
s1
1 w
s1
sf
s max
A
min
bw d
sft
Asft =
0.85 f 'c bt
fy
t
M u = Asft f y (d )
2
sft
21
sft
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
99
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
t
2
100
) = 489.6 106 N .mm
2
0.85 f 'c
4M u
0.85 20
4 375 106
(1 1
)
(
1
1
) = 0.00845
=
1.7f 'c bd 2
400
1.7 0.9 20 1000 3702
fy
min
1.4
= 0.0035
400
0.85 f 'c
As max =
[(be bw )t + 0.3751bw d ] = 44.41cm 2 > As
fy
As f y
35.325 400
a=
=
= 8.31cm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 20 100
37 9.78
a 8.31
c=
=
= 9.78cm
s = 0.003(
) = 0.00835 > 0.005
9.78
1 0.85
dUcKa
nig
T.Chhay
100
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
= 575kN .m
dMeNaHRsay
- kMNt;RbEvgsab
16t + bw
16 80 + 350 = 1630mm
L
4300
be = min
= min
= 1075mm
4
4
3000mm
dUcenH b = 1075mm
- RtYtBinitTItaMgGkSNWt edaysnt; a = t
e
t
2
M n = 0.85 f 'c bt (d )
M n = 0.9 0.85 20 1075 80(470
80
) = 565.794 N .mm = 565.794kN .m < 575kN .m
2
Asf =
t
80
M u 2 = Asf f y (d ) = 0.9 2456 400(470 ) = 380.188 106 N .mm
2
2
0.85 f 'c
4 M u1
1 =
(1 1
)
fy
1.7f 'c bw d 2
1 =
0.85 20
4 194.812 106
(1 1
= 0.0077
400
1.7 0.9 20 350 4702
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
101
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
s1
1 w
0.85 f 'c
[(be bw )t + 0.3751bwd ] = 50.87cm 2 > As
fy
As f y
42.39 400
t a =
=
= 9.278cm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 20 107.5
a 9.278
c=
=
= 10.91cm
1 0.85
As max =
- RtYtBinit /
d t = 56 6 = 50cm
50 10.91
) = 0.0107 > 0.005
t = 0.003(
10.91
T.Chhay
102
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
- edaysarminsal;km<s;RbsiTPaB eyIgeGay a = t
kMNt;muxkat;Edk A sRmab;sabTaMgmUl
sft
Asft =
eGay M
KNna
t
= Asft f y (d )
d
2
Mu
t
1100 106
100
+
= 639.3mm
d =
+ =
Asft f y 2 0.9 5185 400 2
u
sft
0.85 f 'c
4M u
(1 1
)
1.7f 'c bw d 2
fy
0.85 20
4 1100 106
(1 1
= 0.006
400
1.7 0.9 20 1220 6702
Asf =
t
100
M u 2 = Asf f y (d ) = 0.9 3485 400(600
) = 690 106 N .mm
2
2
M u1 = 1100 690 = 410kN .m
sRmab;muxkat;EdkrgkmaMgTajeKal b
Ru =
= 40cm d = 60cm
nig M
u1
= 410kN .m
M u1
410
=
= 2847.2 kN m 2 = 2.85MPa
2
bw d
0.4 0.60 2
1 =
0.85 f 'c
4 Ru
0.85 20
4 2.85
(1 1
)=
(1 1
) = 0.0088
1.7f 'c
400
1.7 0.9 20
fy
a=
As1 f y
0.85 f 'c bw
21.12 400
= 12.42cm
0.85 20 40
karKNnaFwmebtugGarem:rgkarkac;begag
103
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
a
12.42
=
= 14.6cm
0.85 0.85
dt = 63cm
c=
d c
t = 0.003 t
= 0.0099 > 0.005 tension-controlled section
c
- KNnamuxkat;EdksrubGtibrma
As max = 0.85
f 'c
20
[(be bw )t + 0.3751bw d ] = 0.85
[(1220 400)100 + 0.375 0.85 400 600)]
fy
400
T.Chhay
104
RtwmRtUv
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
V.
viFIKNnaepSgeTot
(5-1a)
b 1.0E)
(5-1b)
b 1.0E )
(5-1c)
2> enAeBlbnkxl; W minRtUv)ankat;bnyedayemKuNTisedA directionality factor 1.3W Gac
RtUv)aneRbICMnYs 1.6W . enAeBlEdlbnkrBaydIRtUv)anQrenAelIbnkeFVIkar service forces enaH
1.4 E GacRtUv)aneRbICMnYs[ 1.0 E .
3> kgkrNIEdlbnksm<aFdI H RtUv)anbBaleTAkgkarKNna
U = 0.9 D + (1.6W
U = 1 .4 D + 1 .7 L + 1 .7 H
(5-2a)
(5-2b)
sRmab;bnSMbnkn D / L b H
U = 1 .4 D + 1 .7 L
viFIKNnaepSgeTot
105
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
(5-3a)
(5-3b)
sRmab;bnSMbnkn D / L b F
U = 1 .4 D + 1 .7 L
sm<aFbBarnsarFaturavKYrRtUv)anKitCabnkefr.
5> enAeBlEdl\TiBlTgic impact effects RtUv)anrab;bBal enaHvaRtUv)anKitbBaleTAkgbnkGefr.
6> enAeBlEdl structural effects T nsRmut differential settlement, creep, karrYmmaD
(shrinkage) b bNrsItuNPaB mantmFM vaKYrRtUv)anrab;bBaleTAkgbnSMbnkn
U = 0.75(1.4 D + 1.4T + 1.7 L)
U = 1.4 D + 1.4T
(5-4a)
(5-4b)
T.Chhay
106
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
sRmab;muxkat;EdkkgvN
Edl c Cakm<s;GkSNWtenAersIusg; normal strength.
= 0.50 + 0.15
viFIKNnaepSgeTot
107
(5-8)
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
5>4> muxkat;ctuekaNEkgCamYyEdkrgkarTaj
Reinforcement)
f 'c
nig
fy
f 'c 600
f y 600 + f y
f 'c 600
f y 600 + f y
(5-9)
max = 0.542
f 'c 600
f y 600 + f y
(5-10)
1 = 0.85
1
T.Chhay
108
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
taragTI5>1 PaKryEdkEdlRtUv)anesIreLIg
f y (MPa)
f 'c ( MPa)
20
235
400
400
500
400
500
28
35
% s
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.2
smIkarm:Um:g;KNnaRtUv)anbMEbkenAkgemeronmunmanTRmg;dUcxageRkam
M n = M u = Ru bd 2
Edl
(3-21)
f y
= Rn
Ru = f y 1
1.7 f 'c
(3-22)
M n = M u = As f y d
dUcKa
As f y
1.7 f 'c b
M n = M u = f y bd 2 d
(3-19a)
f y
1.7 f 'c
(3-20)
Mu
Ru b
(5-11)
109
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
0.85 f 'c
2 Ru
=
1 1
fy
0.85 f 'c
y
nig As = bd
Ca]TahrN_/ RbsinebI M u = 275.72kN .m / b = 300mm / d = 450mm / f 'c = 20MPa nig
f y = 400 MPa enaH = 0.0154 BIsmIkar (5-12) nig As = bd = 0.0154 300 450 = 2079mm 2 enA
eBlEdleK[ b nig d eKKYrEtBinitemIlfaetIeKRtUvkarEdkrgkarsgt; bGt; eRBaHEt d tUc. eKGacedaH
Rsayva)andUcxageRkam
k> KNna max nig Ru,max = max f y [1 (max f y / 1.7 f 'c )]
x> KNna M n,max = Ru,maxbd 2 = ersIusg;m:Um:g;Gtibrmarbs;muxkat;EdkrgkarTaj.
K> RbsinebI M u < M n,max enaHvaminRtUvkarEdkrgkarTajeT. KNna nig As BIsmIkar (512)
Ru = f y 1
1 .7 f ' c
]TahrN_TI1
dMeNaHRsay
max f y
= 6.63MPa
Ru = max f y 1
1.7 f 'c
T.Chhay
110
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
ersIusg;m:Um:g;KNnanmuxkat;ebtugEdkrgkarTajKW
M n, max = Ru / maxbd 2 = 6.63 250 650 2 10 6 = 700.3kN .m > 312kN .m
= 0.9
5>5> muxkat;ctuekaNCamYynwgEdkrgkarsgt;
Reinforcement)
viFIKNnaepSgeTot
f 'c 600
f y 600 + f y
(5-9)
111
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
As 2 = 1312.5mm 2
6DB28
3> epgpat;PaB yield rbs;Edkrgkarsgt;. Edkrgkarsgt; yield RbsinebI
As = As1 + As 2 = 2214 + 1312.5 = 3526.5mm 2
= 0.0185
400 410 600 400
A
2214
' = s1 =
= 0.018 < K
bd 300 410
' K = 0.851
f 's < f y
112
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
a=
2214 400
= 124mm
0.85 28 300
0.85 f 'c b
124
a
c=
=
= 145.9mm
1 0.85
145.9 50
= 394.4 MPa < 400MPa
f 's = 600
145.9
t =
t =
= 0.9
epgpat; t / dt = 450mm
dt c
0.003 = 0.006 > 0.005
c
t =
= 0.9
M n = 0.9 518.15 = 466.3kN .m > 447.5kN .m
113
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
t
2
Mu
bd
420000000
1000 370 2
= 3.06MPa
T.Chhay
3404 400
= 57.21mm
0.85 28 1000
c=
114
57.21
= 67.3mm
0.85
Alternative Design Methods
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
= 0.9
5>7> viFI
/ ENnaMnUvviFImYyepSgeTot eRkABIviFIEdl)anBnl;BIxagedImenAkgem
eronTI 3. viFIenHeK[eQaHfa strut and tie model. viFIepSgenHRtUv)anGnuvty:agmanRbsiTPaBenAkg
tMbn;Edldac; discontinuity enAkgeRKOgbgM dUcCatMbn;TRm tMbn;EdlbnkGnuvt btMbn;Edlmuxkat;FrNI
maRtpas;brPamdUcCa brackets nig portal frames. enAkgtMbn;TaMgenH muxkat;rabesIminrkSaenArabesI
eRkayeBlrgkarBt; dUcGVIEdl)ansnt;enAkgemeronTI3 ehIyvaRtUv)aneK[eQaHfa tMbn; D (D-region)
rUbTI5>5 a. tMbn;epSgeTotebs;Fwmsg;da RTwsIbTFwmmUldan nigTMnak;TMng linear strain relationship
RtUv)anGnuvt. tMbn;TaMgenHRtUv)aneK[eQaHfa tMbn; B (B-region) rUbTI5>5 a.
edayQrelIeKalkarN_ St. Venant PaBdac;KaenAkgkarEbgEckkugRtaMgenAkgtMbn; D Edl
bNalmkBIragFrNImaRt blkxNbnkbgajfakugRtaMgbNalmkBIbnktamGkS nigm:Um:g;Bt; kar
BRgaykugRtaMgesIrEtmanlkNCabnat;enAcmayRbEhlnwgkm<s; h rbs;Ggt;BIcMNucdac; rUbTI5>5 b nig
c. RbsinebItMbn; D BIrCan;Ka bCYbKa BYkvaGacRtUv)anKitCatMbn; D EtmYy. pleFobrvagRbEvgGtibrma
nigkm<s;esInwg 2 EdlbegItmMuGb,brma 26.5o rvag strut and tie bRbEhl 25o .
enAkgKMrU strut and tie rUbTI5>6 cMNucEdlkmaMgbICYbKaenAtMN D RtUv)aneK[eQaHfa cMNuc
node nigmaDebtugEdlenACMuvijcMNuc node RtUv)anehAfatMbn;cMNuc nodal zone. kmaMgEdlmanGMeBIenA
elIcMNuc node GacERbRbYleTAtamkmaMgTaj nigkmaMgsgt;nbnSMepSg dUcCa C C C / C C T /
C T T / T T T rUbTI 5>7. rUbTI5>8 bgajBIRbePTtMbn;cMNuc typical nodal zone sRmab;kar
GnuvtbnkepSg cMENkrUbTI 5>9 bgajBI extended nodal zone sRmab;srsEdkmYy beRcInRsTab;.
ACI Code, Appendix A
viFIKNnaepSgeTot
115
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
116
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
viFIKNnaepSgeTot
117
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
118
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
viFIKNnaepSgeTot
119
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
5>7>3> tRmUvkarsRmab;karKNna
(Design Requirement)
tRmUvkarKNnasRmab; struts nig tie GacRtUv)ansnt;dUcxageRkam
1> KNna struts, ties nigtMbn; nodal zone
Fn Fu
Edl
(5-13)
Fns = f ce Acs
Edl
(5-14)
RkLapmuxkat;enAcugmagrbs; struts
f ce = ersIusg;sgt;RbsiTPaBrbs;ebtugEdltUcCagenAkg struts b nodal zone.
Acs =
f ce = 0.85 s f 's
Edl
T.Chhay
(5-15)
120
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Asi
sin i 0.003
bs si
Edl
(5-16)
Edl
viFIKNnaepSgeTot
(5-17)
Fns =
121
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Edl
(5-18)
RkLapEdkminrgeRbkugRtaMgenAkg tie
Atp = RkLapEdkeRbkugRtaMg
f se = kugRtaMgRbsiTPaBeRkayeBl)at;bg;enAkgEdkrgeRbkugRtaMg
f p = karbegInkugRtaMgeRbkugRtaMgEdlbNalmkBIbnkemKuN
Atp = 0 sRmab;Ggt;minrgeRbkugRtaMg
Ats =
( f se + f p ) f py
(5-19)
(5-20)
6> ersIusg;rbs;tMbn; nodal zones ersIusg; nominal compression strength ntMbn; nodal zones
Fnn KYrEtesI
Fnn = f ce Anz
(5-21)
Anz =
f ce = 0.85 n f 'c
Edl
(5-22)
n = 1.0
122
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
VI.
PaBdab nigsameRbH
kRmalxNtan;mYyTis
Fwm bkRmalxN
ribbed mYyTis
PaBdab nigsameRbH
Yield
Strength
f y (MPa)
TRmsamBa
cugmagCab; cugsgagCab;
Cantilever
275
L / 25
L / 30
L / 35
L / 12.5
350
L / 22
L / 27
L / 31
L / 11
400
L / 20
L / 24
L / 28
L / 10
275
L / 20
L / 23
L / 26
L / 10
350
L / 18
L / 20.5
L / 23.5
L/9
400
L / 16
L / 18.5
L / 21
L/8
123
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
kRmas;Gb,brmaEdlbgajenAkgtaragTI1 RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;Ggt;EdlplitBIebtugTmn;Fmta
normal-weight concrete, W = 2320kg / m 3 nigsRmab;EdkEdlman yield strength dUcbgajkgtarag.
tmRtUv)anEktRmUvsRmab;krNIebtugTmn;Rsal b yield strength rbs;EdkxusBI 400MPa dUcxageRkam
- sRmab;rbtugTmn;RsalEdlmanTmn;maDsitkgcenaH 1400kg / m3 1900kg / m3 tmenAkg
taragsRmab; f y = 400MPa RtUvKuNnwg (1.65 0.0003125Wc ) b:uEnminRtUvtUcCag 1.09 . Edl
Wc Cam:as;maDebtug.
- sRmab; yield strength rbs;EdkxusBI 400MPa tmenAkgtaragsRmab; f y = 400MPa RtUvKuN
nwg (0.4 + f y / 689.5) .
6>2> PaBdabxN (Instantaneous Deflection)
PaBdabrbs;Ggt;ekIteLIgCacMbgedaysarbnkefrbUknwgbnkGefrmYyEpk bTaMgGs;. PaBdab
EdlekIteLIgPambnab;BIGnuvtbnkeK[eQaHfa PaBdabPam (immediate deflection) bPaBdabxN
(instantaneous deflection) . eRkambnkEdlGnuvtsitesr PaBdabnwgekIneLIgKYr[kt;sMKal;CamYynwg
eBl. eKmanviFIepSgsRmab;KNnaPaBdabenAkgeRKOgbgMsaTickMNt; nigsaTicminkMNt;. karKNnaPaB
dab instantaneous deflection KWQrelI elastic behavior nGgt;rgkarBt;. PaBdabeGLasic CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgbnk W ElVg L m:Um:g;niclPaB I nigm:UDuleGLasicrbs;smar E
ML2
WL3
WL
=
=
= f
K
EI
EI
EI
(6-1)
5WL3
5wL4
=
384 EI 384 EI
(6-2)
124
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
PaBdab nigsameRbH
125
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
126
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
127
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Edl
(6-5)
m:Um:g;niclPaBRbsiTPaB
fr I g
M cr = m:Um:g;eRbH/
Y
Ie =
(6-6)
f r = 0.465 f 'c
(6-8b)
(6-8c)
T.Chhay
128
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
129
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
+ b (h t ) (h t )
2 + t
2 w
y=
bt + bw (h t )
(6-11)
bnab;mkeTotKNna
2
bt 3
t ( y t )3 (h y )
+ bt y + bw
Ig =
+ bw
2
3
3
12
(6-11a)
(6-12)
T.Chhay
130
(6-12a)
(6-13)
(6-13a)
(6-14)
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
ii.
(6-14a)
Edl
(6-15)
1 + 50 '
emKuNsRmab;PaBdabbEnmEdlbNalmkBI\TiBlryeBlyUr
'= A's / bd sRmab;muxkat;enAkNalElVgrbs;FwmTRmsamBa bFwmCab;
bsRmab;muxkat;enATRm rbs;Fwm cantilever .
= emKuNGaRsyeBl time-dependent factor
sRmab;bnkefrEdlGacnwgykdUcbgajkg taragTI 6>2.
emKuN RtUv)aneRbIedIm,IKNnaPaBdabEdlbNalmkBIbnkefr nigEpkxHnbnkGefrEdlnwg
sitenAzitezrsRmab;ryeBlmYyRKb;RKan;edIm,IbegItnUvPaBdabGaRsynwgeBlmYyKYr[kt;sMKal;. em
KuN CaGnuKmn_eTAnwglkNsmar EdlsMEdgeday niglkNmuxkat; sMEdgeday (1 + 50 ' ) .
enAkgsmIkar (6-15) \TiBlrbs;Edkrgkarsgt;KWTak;TgeTAnwgRkLapebtugCagTak;TgeTAnwgpleFob
rvagEdksgt;elIEdkTaj.
ACI Code Commentary, section 9.5 bgajnUvExSekagedIm,IKNna sRmab;ryeBlticCag 60
Ex. tmTaMgenHRtUv)anKNnadUcbgajkgtaragTI 6>2.
PaBdabsrubesInwgplbUkPaBdabPam nigPaBdabbEnmryeBlyUr. ]TahrN_ PaBdabbEnm
ryeBlyUrsrubrbs;FwmrgkarBt;CamYy ' = 0.01 enAryeBl 5 qaMesInwgplKuN CamYynwgPaBdab
Pam Edl = 2 /(1 + 50 0.01) = 1.33 .
=
PaBdab nigsameRbH
131
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
ryeBl Ex
12
24
36
48
60
0 .5
1 .0
1 .2
1 .4
1 .7
1 .8
1 .9
2 .0
dMeNaHRsay
T.Chhay
132
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
PaBdab nigsameRbH
133
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
2> PaBdabenAkNalElVgEdlbNalmkBIbnkBRgayKW
1 =
5wL4
384 Ec I e
PaBdabenAkNalElVgEdlbNalmkBIbnkcMcMNucKW
2 =
PL3
48 Ec I e
4> m:Um:g;niclPaBRbsiTPaB
3
M 3
M cr
Ie =
I g + 1 cr I cr I g
Ma
Ma
kMNt;tmTaMgGs;enAGgxagsaM
wL2 PL (8.75 + 5.85)12.22 22.25 12.2
+
=
+
= 339.5kN .m
8
4
8
4
bh3 330(630)3
Ig =
=
= 6.88 109 mm 4
12
12
fr I g
h
f r = 0.623 f 'c = 0.623 28 = 3.3MPa
M cr =
Yt = = 315mm
Yt
2
Ma =
eday
M cr =
134
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kMNt;TItaMgGkSTIRbCMuTmn;sRmab;muxkat;eRbHedaysmIkarm:Um:g;nmuxkat;bMElgeFobGkSTIRbCMu
Tmn;eTA 0 yk x = kd = cmayBIGkSTIRbCMuTmn;
bx 2
nAs (d x) = 0
2
n=
Es
=8
Ec
As = 3041mm 2
x = 215.38mm
bx
330(215.38)3
+ nAs (d x) 2 =
+ 8 3041(530 215.38) 2 = 3.5 109 mm 4
3
3
3
CamYynwgGgTaMgGs;Edl)anKNna eyIgTTYl)an
3
72.1 3
72.1
9
9
9
4
Ie =
6.88 10 + 1
3.5 10 = 3.53 10 mm
339
.
5
339.5
5> KNnaPaBdabBIbnkepSg
5wL4
1 bNalmkBIbnkrayesI =
384 E I
c e
1 =
2
bNalmkBIbnkcMcMNuc
2 =
22250 122003
= 9.43mm
48 25293.4 3.53 109
PaBdab nigsameRbH
135
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
1 + 50 '
2
1+ 0
4> PaBdabbNalmkBIbnkefrCamYynwgPaBdabryeBlyUrbEnmEdlbNalmkBIkarrYmmaDnig
creep KW 28.33 + 56.66 = 85mm
dMeNaHRsay
136
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
1 =
wL4
8 EI
PaBdabEdlbNalmkBIbnkefrcMcMNucenAcugTMenr
PD L3
3EI
2 =
3> m:Um:g;GtibrmaenAcugbgb;
Ma =
5.85 6.12
wL2
+ 6.1PD + 3.05 PL =
+ 6.1 13.5 + 3.05 17.8 = 245.5kN .m
2
2
5>
M cr
(x )2 + (n 1) A'
2
s ( x d ' ) nAs ( d
x) = 0
PaBdab nigsameRbH
137
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
sRmab;muxkat;enH x = 213.875mm
I cr =
b 3
x + (n 1) A's ( x d ' ) 2 + nAs (d x) 2 = 3.8 109 mm 4
3
7> m:Um:g;niclPaBRbsiTPaBKW
3
M 3
M cr
I g + 1 cr I cr I g
I e =
M
Ma
a
3
66.5 3
66.5
9
9
9
Ie =
6
.
4
10
+
1
3.8 10 = 3.85 10
245
.
5
245
.
5
8> KNnaPaBdabeRkambnkepSgEdlmanGMeBIelIFwm
11.7 6100 4
1 bNalBIbnkBRgayesI 11.7 kN / m =
= 20.8mm
8 25293.4 3.85 109
1 bNalBIbnkefr = 10.4mm
13500 61003
2 bNalBIbnkefrcMcMNucenAcugTMenr =
= 10.5mm
3 25293.4 3.85 109
3 bNalBIbnkGefrcMcMNucenA 3.05m BIcugbgb;
3 =
'=
T.Chhay
138
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
sRmab;Etbnkefr
PaBdab nigsameRbH
139
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
140
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
4> KNnaPaBdabPamenAkNalElVg
5wL4
1 bNalmkBIbnkBRgay =
384 EI
2
cuHeRkam
2
M AL
bNalmkBIm:Um:g;enAcMNuc A / M A = 16
eLIgelI
EI
e
2
M BL
bNalmkBIm:Um:g;enAcMNuc B / M B = 16
eLIgelI
EI e
PaBdabsrub = 1 2 3
PaBdabsRmab;bnkefrBRgayesI 61.3kN / m edayyk M A ( DL) = 242.75kN .m /
M B ( DL) = 293kN .m nig I e3 = 4.67 1010 mm 4 CMnYseTAkgsmIkarxagelI eyIgTTYl)an
= 7.4 1.5 1.8 = 4.1mm cuHeRkam
PaBdabEdlbNalBIbnSMbnkefr nigbnkGefrRtUv)anKNnaedayykbnkefrbUknwgbnkGefr
= 113.8kN / m / M A ( DL + LL ) = 569.5kN .m / M B ( DL + LL) = 735kN .m nig
3
I e 2 = 2.45 1010 mm 4
cuHeRkam
PaBdabPamEdlbNalBIEtbnkGefrKW 11.2 4.1 = 7.1mm cuHeRkam.
RbsinebIkarkMNt;PaBGnuBaatiKW L / 480 = 9800 / 480 = 20.4mm enaHmuxkat;KWRKb;RKan;.
cMNucmYycMnYnEdlTak;TgnwglTpl
1> RbsinebIeKeRbIEt Ie nmuxkat;kNalElVg Ie = 2.25 1010 mm4 enaHPaBdabEdlbNalmkBI
bnkefr nigbnkGefrRtUv)anKNnaeday KuNtmEdlTTYl)ankgCMhanTI4 CamYynwgpl
eFobntm Ie TaMgBIr
2.45 1010
bnkefr + bnkGefr = 11.2
= 12.2mm
2.25 1010
PaBxusKamantmtUc RbEhl 8% .
2> RbsinebI Ie1 mFm RtUv)aneRbI Ie1 = 2.37 1010 mm4 enaH
2.37 1010
bnkefr + bnkGefr = 11.2
= 11.8mm . PaBxusKamantmtUcRbEhl
2.25 1010
5% .
3> edIm,IPaBgayRsYleKGacRbI Ie nmuxkat;kNalElVg elIkElgEteKRtUvkartmCak;lak;.
= 26.1 6.5 8.4 = 11.2mm
PaBdab nigsameRbH
141
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
142
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
PaBdab nigsameRbH
143
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
144
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
sameRbHCaGnuKmn_eTAnwgRkLapRbsiTPaBrbs;ebtugEdlenACMuvijEdk RkLapebtugmUlEdl
manGgt;pitesIGgt;EdkbYndgRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IKNnaTMhMeRbH. smIkardTeTotRtUv)anbgajenA
TsvtSr_eRkay eTot.
(6-16)
145
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
146
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
4> ersIusg;KNna (design yield strength) rbs;EdkminKYr[elIsBI 560MPa (ACI Code, section
9.4).
5> KMlatGtibrma s BIEdkEdlmancmayeTApebtugrgkarTajCitCageK sRmab;FwmebtugGarem: nigkM
ralxNmYyTisRtUv)ankMNt;
s = 105000 / f s 2.5Cc
(6-17)
b:uEnminRtUvFMCag 300(280 / f s )
Edl f s = kugRtaMgKNnaenAkgEdkeRkambnkeFVIkarRtUv)ankMNt;edaypleFobrvagm:Um:g;
KanemKuN nigplKuNrvagRkLapEdk nigRbEvgdXas;kg f s = M /( As jd ) . m:ag
vijeTot eKGaceRbI f s = 2 f y / 3 edaysarEtkareRbItmRbEhlrbs; jd = 0.87d .
Cc = kRmas;ebtugkarBarEdk (clear cover) BIprgkarTajCitbMputeTApEdkrgkar
Taj.
s = KMlatKitBIGkSnEdkrgkarTajEdlCitCageKeTApebtugrgkarTaj.
karkMNt;enHRtUv)aneRbIsRmab;EtFwmebtugGarem: nigkRmalxNmYyTisEdlsitenAkglk
xNbrisanFmta. karkMNt;KMlatminTak;TgnwgTMhMEdkeT EdlvanaM[mankareRbIR)as;TMhMEdktUc
CagedIm,IbMeBjlkxNKMlat. sRmab;krNIFwmebtugGarem:EdleRbIEdk f y = 420MPa nig
Cc = 50mm . enaHKMlatGtibrma s RtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam
snt; f s = 0.66 420 = 280MPa
s = (105000 / 280 ) 2.5 50 = 250mm
147
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
d /6
= min
300
1000 A /( d 750)
b
km<s;Fwm d / mm
KMlatGtibrma Ssk / mm
Ab Gb,brma/ mm 2
T.Chhay
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
150
150
150
175
200
200
225
250
7 .5
22.5
37.5
61.25
90
110
146.25
187.5
148
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
KNnaTMhMsameRbHtamsmIkar
(6-16)
W = 11f s 3 Ad c 10 6
f s = 240MPa
PaBdab nigsameRbH
149
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
c.
NPIC
RKb;RKan;
tamsmIkar (6-18)
Z = f s 3 Ad c = 2403 9000 60 10 3 = 19.5kN / mm
karBiPakSa
RKb;RKan;
T.Chhay
150
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
151
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
As = 1847.3mm 2 d = 586mm
jd = d kd / 3 = 527.9mm
cMNaMfa eKGacyktmRbEhlrbs;
4> KNnakugRtaMg f s
j = 0.87
kgkrNIEdl kd minRtUv)anKNna.
M = As f s jd
f s = 260.5 106 /(1847.3 527.9) = 267 MPa
T.Chhay
152
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
VII.
RbEvgEdkbgb; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
7>1> esckIepIm
lkNbnSIKarvagEdk nigebtug enAkgeRKOgbgMebtugGarem:QrelIeKalkarN_ PaBsitrvagsmar
TaMgBIreRkayebtugkkrwg. RbsinebIsrsEdkEdlmanmuxkat;mUlRtg;RtUv)anbgb;enAkgebtug caM)ac;eKRtUv
mankmaMgmYyRKb;RKan;edIm,ITajsrsEdkenaHecjBIebtug. RbsinebIRbEvgbgb;nsrsEdkenAkgebtug
manRbEvgEvgRKb;RKan; enaHsrsEdkGaceFVIkardl;cMNuc yield edayTukRbEvgxHrbs;srsEdkenAkg
ebtug. kmaMgsitGaRsyeTAnwgPaBkkitrvagEdk nigebtug. kmaMgkkitTTYl\TiBlCacMbgbNalBIPaB
eRKImnpxagrbs;srsEdk karlayebtug karRskmaD nigkRmas;ebtugeRsabEdk. EdkfaMgGMeBA
(deformed bar) pl;nUvPaBsitlCagEdkmUl. ersIusg;ebtugkan;EtFM PaBsitkan;EtFM. kRmas;ebtugeRsab
Edkkan;EtRkas; kugRtaMgPaBsitrbs;Edkkan;EtFM.
CaTUeTA ersIusg;PaBsitTTYl\TiBlBIktaxageRkam
- ersIusg;rbs;Edk f / RbEvgbgb;kan;EtEvg sRmab; f kan;EtFM
- KuNPaB nigersIusg;sgt;rbs;ebtug f ' / kalNa f ' kan;EtFM enaHRbEvgbgb;kan;xI
- muxkat;Edk KMlat nigTItaMgrbs;EdkenAkgmuxkat;ebtug. EdkbeNayEdldak;kgKMlatbBar
FMCag 30cm manersIusg;sitTabCag GaRsyedaykarrYmmaD nigkarRskrbs;ebtugGMLgeBl
dMeNIrkarkkrwgrbs;ebtug. dUcKa KMlatEdkkan;EtFM pl;nUversIusg;sitkan;EtFM eRBaHvapl;nUv
pebtugRKb;RKan;CMuvijEdk.
- kRmas;ebtugeRsabEdk. kRmas;kan;EttUc bg[mankareRbH.
- karxb;EdkbeNayedayEdkTTwg. karxb;EdkbeNayedayEdkTTwg bEdkkgRKb;RKan;
karBarkarpHEbkebtugCuMvijEdkbeNay.
y
7>2> karbegItkugRtaMgsit
7>2>1> PaBsitedaykarBt;
eKmanFwmmYyRbEvg dx rgnUvbnkBRgayesI. eday[m:Um:g;EdlekIteLIgenAEpkmagCa M nig
mageTotCa M ehIy M mantmFMCag M . m:Um:g;nwgbegItnUvkmaMgsgt; nigkmaMgTajxagkg. eday
M > M enaH T > T dUcKa C > C .
1
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
153
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
enAmuxkat;NamYyenaH T = Mjd
Edl jd CadXas;
T1 T2 = dT =
dM
jd
b:uEn T = T + u Odx
Edl u CakugRtaMgsitmFm
O CaplbUkbrimaRtnmuxkat;r)arenAEpkrgkarTaj
dUcenH T T = u Odx = dM
jd
1
1
dM
dx jd O
dM
=V
dx
V
u =
jd O
u =
Eteday
(7.1)
V
0.87 d O
(7.2)
7>2>2> karBiesaFsRmab;RbsiTPaBPaBsit
karBiesaFedIm,IkMNt;lTPaBkugRtaMgsitGaceFVIeLIgedayeRbI pullout test rUbTI 7>2. kar
BiesaFenH kMNt;lTPaBsitnpEdkRbePTepSgedayeFobeTAnwgRbEvgbgb;. kugRtaMgTajEbkEckesI
T.Chhay
154
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
155
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
7>3> RbEvgbgb;sRmab;tMbn;Taj
7>3>1> RbEvgbgb;mUldan l
RbsinebIsrsEdkbgb;kgebtugrgkmaMgTaj T enaHkmaMgTajenaHRtUvTb;edaykugRtaMgsitrvag
srsEdk nigebtug. kmaMgTajGtibrmaRtUvmantmesInwg A f Edl A muxkat;srsEdk. kmaMgenH
d
T.Chhay
156
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
As f y = U nOld
ld =
As f y
(7.3)
U nO
eday A = d4 nig O = d
2
b
ld =
db f y
(7.4)
4U n
U n = 0.5 f 'c (
ld =
c 1
)
db 2
0 .5 f y
(7.5)
f 'c ( c 1 )
db 2
eday[ c = 1.5d
ld =
db
0.5 f y
f 'c
db
(7.6)
9 fy
db
10 f 'c ( c + K tr )
db
c + K tr
2.5
db
(7.7)
Edl
emKuNTItaMgsrsEdk
emKuNRTnab;Edk
emKuNTMhMEdk
emKuNTmn;ebtug
c KMlatEdk bRTnab;ebtugkarBarEdk
c RtUvmantmtUckgcMeNamkrNITaMgBIrxageRkam
- cmaytUcCageK Edlvas;BIpebtugmkGkSEdk
- mYydgknHnKMlatEdk EdlKitBIGkSmkGkS
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
157
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
K tr
NPIC
snsSn_EdkTTwg
K tr =
Atr f yt
10 sn
muxkat;EdkTTwg
f ersIusg;EdkTTwg
s KMlatEdkGtibrmarbs;EdkTTwgKitBIGkSmkGkS
n cMnYnEdkTTwg
cMNaM 1 (c + K ) / d minKYrFMCag 2.5 edIm,IFanasuvtiPaBdl;kardac;edaykarrbUt.
2 tmrbs; f ' minRtUvFMCag 8.3MPa .
3 K RtUv)aneKsnt;mantmesIsUnedIm,IsRmYldl;karKNna.
Atr
yt
tr
tr
T.Chhay
158
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
4 emKuNTmn;ebtug
= 1.3 sRmab;ebtugRsal RbsinebIeKsal;ersIusg;TajedaykarrEhkrbs;ebtugTmn;Rsal
f eRbI = 0.56 f ' / f b:uEn 1
= 1 sRmab;ebtugFmta
5 ACI Code GnuBaat[eRbI K = 0 eTaHbICamanvtmanEdkTTwgkeday. enAkgkrNIenH
ct
ct
tr
fy
9
ld
=
d b 10
f 'c ( c / d b )
7>3>3> rUbmnsRmYlsRmab; l
GnuBaat[eRbIrUbmnsRmYlsRmab;KNnapleFob l / d . vaQrelI
PaBCak;EsgEdlkrNIsagsg;bcb,neRbIKMlat nigRsTab;ebtugkarBarEdkCamYynwgEdkxb; (confining
reinforcement) dUcCaEdkkg (stirrup and tie) EdleFVI[tm (c + K ) 1.5d . elIsBIenH karBiesaF
bgajfa eKGackat;bgyRbEvgbgb; l 20% sRmab;EdkEdlmanGgt;tUcCag besI19mm . edayQrelI
karsnt;TaMgenH nigsnt;fa (c + K ) = 1.5d enaHsmIkar 7.7 RtUv)ansRmYldUcxageRkam
1 sRmab;srsEdkEdlmanGgt;pitFMCag besI 22mm
ACI Code, section 12.2.2
tr
tr
f
ld 3
= y
f'
db 5
c
(7.8)
sRmab;srsEdkEdlmanGgt;pittUcCagbesI 19mm
f
ld 12
= y
f'
d b 25
c
(7.9)
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
159
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
ld 3 f y
=
d b 5 f 'c
(7.10)
/ db
ld
9 f
= y
d b 10 f 'c
CamYynwg
(7.11)
(7.12)
/ db
CamYynwg
(7.13)
T.Chhay
= 400MPa
. Rbsin
(7.10a)
(7.11a)
(7.12a)
(7.13a)
160
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
sRmab;tmepSgn
/ db
f 'c
nig f EdkrgkarTaj
y
f y = 235MPa
f 'c
19mm
(MPa )
f y = 400MPa
22mm
19mm
22mm
21
28
35
42
24.6
21.3
19.1
17.4
36.9
32.0
28.7
26.1
30.7
26.6
23.8
21.8
46.1
39.9
35.7
32.7
41.9
36.3
32.5
29.6
62.9
54.5
48.9
44.4
52.4
45.4
40.6
37.0
78.6
68.1
60.9
55.5
10M
15M
20M
25M
30M
35M
11.3
16.0
19.5
25.2
29.9
35.7
485
687
1046
1352
1605
1915
728
1031
1569
2028
2408
2873
396
561
854
1104
1310
1564
594
842
1281
1656
1965
2346
7>4> RbEvgbgb;sRmab;tMbn;sgt; l
RbEvgbgb;sRmab;tMbn;sgt;RtUv)aneKKitfamanRbEvgxICagRbEvgbgb;sRmab;tMbn;Taj eRBaHkmaMg
xH RtUv)anbBaneTAebtugedaysrsEdk nigm:ageTotvaminmansameRbHenAtMbn;TMBk;. RbEvgbgb; l
sRmab;tMbn;sgt;RtUv)ankMNt;eday
dc
dc
ldc =
0.24db f y
f 'c
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
0.043d b f y
(7.14)
161
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dc
sl
dc
/ db
dc
sl
sRmab;tmepSgrbs;
f 'c
dc
f 'c 0.043 f y
f 'c (MPa )
235
400
21
28
32
12.3
21
10.6
18.1
10.1
17.2
dc
10M
15M
20M
25M
30M
35M
11.3
16.0
19.5
25.2
29.9
35.7
237
336
410
529
628
750
f 'c =
204
290
353
456
541
646
32(MPa )
200
275
335
4.33
514
614
tr
d
b
f
12
y
f'
25
c
(7.9)
162
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
1 RtYtBinitlkxNKMlat nigRsTab;ebtugkarBarEdk
k d = 25mm
x RsTab;ebtugkarBarEdk = 60 12.5 = 47.5mm > d
K KMlatrvagsrsEdk = 300 3 120 25 = 35mm > d
X EdkbeNayRtUv)ancgxb;edayEdkkg DB10 . dUcenH FwmenHeKarBtamlkxN. enaH
3 f
l
=
sRmab;srsEdkEdlmanGgt;pit > 22mm
(7.8)
d
5 f'
b
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
163
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
ld
3 400
=
= 52.4
d b 5 21
/ db
tr
3 f y
ld
=
d b 5 f 'c (cb / d b )
(7.8)
enAkg]TahrN_enH = = = 1.0 .
ehIy c = cmaytUcCageKBIGkSrbs;EdkeTApebtugEdlCitbMput (c ) bBak;kNalnKMlatBIGkSeTAGkS
srsEdk (c ) .
0.5(300 120 )
c = 60mm
c =
= 30mm lub
3
(c + K ) / d = 30 / 25 = 1.2 < 1.5 / dUcenH eRbI (c + K ) / d = 1.5 . dUcenH l / d = 3 f / 5 f ' dUc
CMhanTI 2 nig l = 1350mm .
cMNaMfa RbsinebIEdkminRtUv)ancgxb;edayEdkkg tmrbs; l RtUvKuNnwg 1.5 s = 35mm < 2d =
50mm .
b
tr
tr
3 0.92(1.5)(1.3)(400)
=
= 94
5 21
ld = 2350mm
T.Chhay
164
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
ldc =
0.24d b f y
f 'c
0.043d b f y
0.24 25 400
= 455mm
28
lub
l Gb,brmaKW 0.043 25 400 = 430mm b:uEnvaminGactYcCag 200mm eT. edaysarvaminmanemKuN
dTeTotdUcenH l = 455mm .
ldc =
dc
7>6> muxkat;eRKaHfak;enAkgGgt;rgkarBt;
muxkat;eRKaHfak;sRmab;RbEvgbgb;EdkenAkgGgt;rgkarBt;KW
enARtg;cMNuckugRtaMgGtibrma
enARtg;cMNucEdlEdkbeNayrgkarTajRtUv)anbBab; bBt;
enARtg;prbs;TRm
enARtg;cMNucrbt;Edlm:Um:g;brsBaa
muxkat;eRKaHfak;sRmab;KMrUFwmCab;rgbnkBRgayesIRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 7>6. muxkat; nig
RbEvgbgb;RtUv)anBnl;dUcxageRkam
1 muxkat;eRKaHfak;sRmab;Edkm:Um:g;GviCmanmancMnYnbI muxkat;TI ! KWenARtg;pTRm Edlm:Um:g;
GviCman kdUcCakugRtaMgmantmGtibrma. eKRtUvRtYtBinitRbEvgbgb;cMnYnBIrKW x nig x .
muxkat; @ Camuxkat;EdlcMENknEdkm:Um:g;GviCmanxHRtUv)anbBab;. edIm,IbegItkmaMgTaj
eBjelj srsEdkRtUv)anbgtcmay x muneBlEdlbBab;va. enAeBlcMENknsrsEdk
RtUv)anbBab; srsEdkEdlenAsl;begItkugRtaMgGtibrma.
muxkat; # enARtg;cMNucrbt;. eKRtUvbgtsrsEdkenHcmay x BImuxkat; # x RtUvEtFMCag
besInwgkm<s;RbsiTPaB d b 12d b 1 / 16 nRbEvgElVgcenaHpssrxagkg edayykmYy
NaEdlmantmFMCageK. eyagtam ACI Code, section 12.12.3 y:agehacNas;k 1 / 3 n
brimaNsrsEdksrubEdlpl;[sRmab; m:Um:g;GviCmanenARtg;TRmRtUvbgtcmay x BIcMNuc
rbt;.
2 muxkat;eRKaHfak;sRmab;Edkm:Um:g;viCmanmancMnYnbI muxkat;TI $ Camuxkat;Edlmanm:Um:g;viCman
kdUcCakugRtaMgGtibrma. eKRtUvRtYtBinitRbEvgbgb;cMnYnBIrKW x nig x . RbEvg x CaRbEvg
bgb; l EdlkMNt;eday ACI Code, section 12.11 nigdUckarbgajBIxagelI. RbEvg x FMCag
besInwg d b 12d .
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
165
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
]TahrN_ 7>4
FwmCab;mankarlMGitsrsEdkdUcbgajkgrUbTI 7>7. m:Um:g;Bt;GtibrmaviCman nigGviCmankRtUv)anbgaj.
eyIgRtYvRtYtBinitRbEvgbgb;enARKb;muxkat;eRKaHfak;TaMgGs;. eK[ f ' = 21MPa / f = 276MPa / b =
300mm / d = 460mm nigRbEvgElVg L = 7.2m .
c
T.Chhay
166
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
muxkat;eRKaHfak;KW (1) enARtg;prbs;TRmsRmab;EdkrgkarTaj nigEdkrgkarsgt; muxkat; ! (2) enARtg;
cMNucEdlEdkTajRtUv)anbBab;enAkgElVg muxkat; @ nig % (3) enARtg;cMNucrbt; muxkat; # nig ^ nig
(4) enARtg;kNalElVg muxkat; $.
1 BIrUbTI 7>7 RbEvgbgb;sRmab;Edkm:Um:g;GviCmanKW 3DB28 RtUv)anbBab;enARtg;cmay x = 1.35m BI
prbs;TRm b:uEnEdkbIeTotRtUv)anbgtdl;cmay 1.8m BIpTRm.
k kMNt;RbEvgbgb;sRmab;EdkxagelI
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
167
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Ggt;pitEdkm:Um:g;GviCman d = 28mm
RsTab;ebtugkarBarEdk = 60 282 = 46mm > d
cmayBIpeTApEdk = 300 2 120 28 = 62mm > 2d
dUcenH dl = 35f 'f sRmab; d 22mm
b
X epgpat;RbEvgbgb; x
(O.K)
dc
dc
T.Chhay
168
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
lhb =
CaTUeTA l
dh
0.24 f y
f 'c
db
0.24 f y
f 'c
db
Edl
emKuNRTnab;Edk
= 1.2 sRmab;Edklab epoxy-coating
= 1 sRmab;EdkminmanlabfaMkarBar
emKuNTmn;ebtug
= 1.3 sRmab;ebtugRsal
= 1 sRmab;ebtugFmta
RbEvgbgb;rbs;r)arEdlmanTMBk;RtUv)anKuNCamYyemKuNsRmab;krNIxageRkam
- r)arEdlmanGgt;pittUcCag 36mm EdlmanTMBk;Bt;mMu 90 Bak;edayEdkkgbBar bedkEdl
manKMlatminFMCag 3d RbEvgbgb;RtUvKuNCamYy 0.8 .
- r)arEdlmanGgt;pittUcCag 36mm EdlmanRTnab;karBarEdkxagFMCag 6cm RbEvgbgb;RtUv
KuNCamYy 0.7 . eKeRbIemKuNdUcKasRmab;TMBk; 90 enAeBlkRmas;ebtugkarBarEdkenAxag
TMBk;FMCag 50mm .
- r)arEdlmanGgt;pittUcCag 36mm EdlmanTMBk;Bt;mMu 180 Bak;edayEdkkgbBarehIyman
KMlatminFMCag 3d RbEvgbgb;RtUvKuNCamYy 0.8 .
- enAeBlminRtUvkareRbIEdkTMBk; eKGacKuNRbEvgbgb;sRmab;EdkelIsedayemKuNpleFob
o
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
169
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
tRmUvkar )
A (pl[
; )
- enAeBleKeRbIEdkTMBk;mankRmas;ebtugkarBarEdkxagelI xageRkam nigxag tUcCag 60mm
enARtg;cugminCab;rbs;Ggt; eKRtUvdak;EdkkgedayKMlattUcCag besI 3d . elIsBIenH
eKminGaceRbIemKuN 0.8 )aneT.
RbEvgbgb; l sRmab;EdkfaMgGMeBArgkarTajminRtUvtUcCag max(8d / 150mm) . cMNaMfa TMBk;
minmanRbsiTPaBsRmab;Edkrgkarsgt;eT.
karlMGitBITMBk; 90 nig 180 RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 7>8. eKRtUvkarTMhMEdlbgajkgrUbedIm,I
karBarkarrEhk nigkarpat;ebtug. rUbTI 7>9 a bgajBIkarlMGitBITMBk; enARtg;cugminCab;CamYynwgkRmas;
ebtugkarBarEdktUcCag 60mm EdlGackarBarkarpat;ebtug. kareRbIEdkkgbiTCitKWcaM)ac;sRmab;karsikSa
KNnadRtwmRtUv. rUbTI 7>9 b nig c bgajBIkardak;EdkkgbBar nigEdkkgedk. rUbTI 7>10 bgajBIkar
BRgaykugRtaMgtambeNayTMBk; 90 eRkamGMeBIkmaMgTaj P .
Rs =
As (
dh
T.Chhay
170
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
171
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
k EdkRtg; EdkmanGgt;pit d = 25mm . edaysarKMlatBIpEdkeTApEdk = 2d nigkRmas;ebtugkar
BarEdkFMCag d ehIyEdkRtUvxb;edayEdkkg dUcenHvaeKarBlkxN k nig x. eKGaceRbIsmIkar
7.10 edIm,IKNna l . l = 1134mm sRmab;EdkxagelI = 1.3 dUcenH l = 1474mm .
x EdkEdlmanTMBk; 90 sRmab;EdkEdlmanGgt;pit d = 25mm RbEvgbgb; l = 0.24d f / f '
= 454mm . edaysarminmankarEktRmUv enaH l = 454mm > 8d = 200mm
karlMGitRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 7>11. eKmineRbIemKuN = 1.3 sRmab;Ggt;EdlmanTMBk;eT.
c EdkEdlmanTMBk; 180 RbEvgbgb; l = 454mm dUckarKNnaxagelI. edaysarminmankarEktRmUv
enaH l = 454mm > 8d = 200mm karlMGitRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 7>11.
b
dh
hb
hb
dh
7>8> kartEdk
enAeBlEdlEdkmanRbEvgxI eKcaM)ac;RtUvtvaedaydak;bRBasKanUvRbEvgmYysmRsbedIm,IbBankug
RtaMgnPaBsitBIr)armYyeTAr)armYy. kartEdkGaceFVIeLIgedaykartbRBasmux nigkarpSa. kartEdk
edaykarbRBasminGaceFVIeTA)aneT sRmab;r)arEdlmanGgt;pitFMCag 36mm . sRmab;tMNpSaRtUveFVIeLIg
eday[TwkbnSamanersIusg;esI 125% nersIusg;rbs;Edk.
T.Chhay
172
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
st
st
sc
sc
sc
sc
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
173
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
st
st
st
db
sc
sc
db
sc
sc
7>9> karbBab;Edk
ersIusg;m:Um:g;enAkgFwmCaGnuKmn_eTAnwgkm<s;RbsiTiPaB d / TTwgFwm b / nigmuxkat;Edk A sRmab;
karEdleKsal;ersIusg;Edk f nigersIusg;ebtug f ' . sRmab;FwmEdlmanTTwg nigkm<s;efr enaHmuxkat;
EdkERbRbYleTAtamm:Um:g;Bt;EdlmanGMeBItambeNayFwm. dUcenHeKcaM)ac;RtUvbBab;Edk enAkEngNaEdl
eKminRtUvkarvaedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkugRtaMgBt;. sRmab;krNIxH dUcCaFwmCab; EdksRmab;m:Um:g;viCman RtUv)aneK
Bt;eLIgelIedaymMu 45 edIm,Ipl;CaEdkrgkmaMgTajsRmab;m:Um:g;GviCmanenAelITRm.
ersIusg;m:Um:g;rbs;FwmrgkarTajenARKb;muxkat;TaMgGs;RtUv)ankMNt;eday
s
a
M u = As f y (d )
2
T.Chhay
174
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Edl
- muxkat;EdkmYysrs
cMNucRbsBVrvagbnat;ersIusg;m:Um:g; CamYydaRkamm:Um:g;xageRkA bgajBITItaMgEdleyIgGacbBab;
Edk)an. b:uEneKcaM)ac;RtUvbEnmRbEvgEdkedIm,IPaBsitCamYyebtug. ACI Code )ankMNt;faRKb;Edk
EdlbBab;RtUvbEnmRbEvgesInwgkm<s;RbsiTPaBrbs;Fwm b 12d edayyktmmYyNaEdlFMCageK
elIsBIenH ACI Code )ankMNt;fay:agticNas; 1 / 3 nsrsEdksRmab;m:Um:g;viCmanRtUvbgseTAkg
TRmsRmab;FwmTRmsamBa.
Asb
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
175
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M ub = Asb f y d
2
As f y
1963 350
a=
=
= 128.3mm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 21 300
128.3 6
T.Chhay
176
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
eRbI 4DB25
km<s;RbsiTPaBCak;Esg d = 500 440 = 60mm
a=
1963.5 280
= 123.2mm
0.85 21 250
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
177
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
ersIusg;m:Um:g;sRmab;EdkmYyedIm
123.2 6
a
ersIusg;m:Um:g;sRmab;EdkbYnedIm
M ur = 187.2kN .m
T.Chhay
178
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RbEvgEdkbgn; bRbEvgEdkRCYs
179
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
VIII.
kmaMgkat;TTwg nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
Shear and Diagonal Tension
8>1> esckIepIm
enAeBlEdlFwmTRmsamBargnUvbnk m:Um:g;Bt; nigkmaMgkat;TTwgnwgekIteLIgelIRbEvgFwm. edIm,IRT
nUvbnkenHedaysuvtiPaB FwmRtUv)aneFVIkarKNnaeLIgedIm,ITb;nwgkmaMgTaMgBIrRbePTenH. karKNnasRmab;
karBt;RtUv)aneFVIeLIgdMbUgeK edIm,IkMNt;muxkat;Fwm nigEdkemcaM)ac; dUcEdl)anENnaMBIemeronmun.
bnab;mkFwmRtUv)anKNnaedIm,ITb;nwgkmaMgkat;TTwg. kgkrNIEdlEdkkgminRtUv)andak; enaHFwm
nwg)ak;edaykmaMgkat;TTwg. kar)ak;edaykmaMgkat;TTwg ekIteLIgedaymanPaBdabtUc nig)at;bg;nUv
lkNyWt ehIymin)anRbkasGasnenAmuneBl)ak;eT. sRmab;kar)ak;edaykarBt;begag ekIteLIgeday
karekIneLIgnUvPaBdabbnicmg nigmansameRbH dUcenHvamankarpl;sBaaRbkasGasnmuneBl)ak;cug
eRkay. karKNnasRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwg RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,IFananUvkar)ak;edaykmaMgkat;TTwgekIteLIg
eRkaykar)ak;edaykarBt;begag.
8>2> kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;enAkgFwmebtugGarem:
rUbmnTUeTAsRmab;kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwgenAFwmrUbFatusac;mYy (homogenous beam) karBRgay
kugRtaMg
T.Chhay
180
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
=
Edl
*>!
VQ
Ib
- kmaMgkat;srubenAmuxkat;EdlRtUvsikSa
Q - m:Um:g;saTiceFobGkSNWtnmuxkat;EdlxNedaybnat;EdlRtUvsikSakugRtaMgkmaMgkat;
I - m:Um:g;niclPaBnmuxkat;eFobGkSNWt
b - TTwgFwmnmuxkat;EdlRtUvsikSakugRtaMgkmaMgkat;
karBRgaykugRtaMgm:Um:g;Bt; nigkmaMgkat;TTwgGaRsyeTAnwgRTwsIbTeGLasicsRmab;muxkat;Fwm
ctuekaN dUcbgajkgrUbTI8>2.
kugRtaMgm:Um:g;Bt;
V
f =
Mc
I
Edl kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;enARKb;cMNucTaMgGs;RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnkugRtaMgkmaMgkat;
=
VQ
Ib
181
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
182
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
fp =
Edl
f
f
+ v2
2
2
*>@
GaMgtg;sIuetnkugRtaMgEkgEdlbNalmkBIkarBt;
v = kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;
kar)ak;edaykmaMgkat;TTwgenAkgFwmebtugPaKeRcInTMngCaekIteLIgenAkEngEdlkmaMg
kat;TTwgGtibrma CaTUeTAenAEk,rTRmnGgt;. PstagTImYynkar)ak;EdlKYr[PyxayKWkarekIteLIgnUv
sameRbHGgt;RTUg.
f =
8>3> kareFVIkarrbs;FwmedayKanEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg
ebtugexSaykgkarTaj ehIyFwmGac)ak;RbsinebImuxkat;EdkminRtwmRtUvRtUv)anpl;[. kugRtaMg
TajekItmanenAkgFwmbNalmkBIkmaMgTajtamGkS kmaMgBt; kmaMgkat;TTwg kmaMgrmYl bbnSMnbnk
TaMgenH. TItaMgnsameRbHenAkgFwmebtugGaRsynwgTisedAnkugRtaMgem (principal stresses). bnSMnkug
RtaMgkmaMgEkg normal stress nigkugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwg begIt)ankmaMgTajtamGgt;RTUg (diagonal
tension) GtibrmaEdlsitenARbEhlcmay d BImuxnTRm.
kareFVIkarrbs;FwmebtugGarem:edaymanbKanEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg RtUv)anBiesaFeRkamGMeBInkarekIn
eLIgnbnkdUc)anerobrab;enAkgemeronTI3. enAkgkarBiesaFFwm sameRbHbBarEdlekItBIkarBt;ekIteLIg
enAelImuxkat;Edlmanm:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrma enAeBlEdlkugRtaMgTajenAkgebtugelIsBIm:UDuldac; (module of
rupture) rbs;ebtug b f r = 0.623 f 'c . sameRbHeRTtenAkgRTnugekItmanenAkgdMNak;kalbnab;enATI
taMgEk,rTRm.
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
183
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
184
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
185
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
c w
186
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
V d
V
vcr =
*>%
= 0.16 f 'c + 17.2 w u 0.29 f 'c
b d
M
EdlTb;edayebtug
*>^
Edl w = As / bwd / d Cakm<s;RbsiTPaBrbs;muxkat;Fwm/ bw CaTTwgRTnugsRmab;muxkat;GkSr
et bTTwgnmuxkat;ctuekaN Vu nig M u CakmaMgkat;TTwgcugeRkay (ultimate shearing force) nigm:Um:g;
Bt;cugeRkay (ultimate bending moment) EdlekIteLIgkgeBldMNalKaenAelImuxkat;sikSa.
tmn Vu d / M u minRtUvFMCag 1.0 sRmab;smIkar *>^. RbsinebI M u mantmFMenAkgsmIkar
*>^ enaHtYTIBIrnwgmantmtUcesIEtesIsUn enaH vc xiteTArk 0.16 f 'c . RbsinebI M u mantmtUc enaH
tYTIBIrnwgmantmFM ehIytm 0.29 f 'c lub. eRkABIsmIkar *>^ ACI Code, Section 11.3.1GnuBaat[
KNnaersIusg;kmaMgkat;rbs;ebtugdUcxageRkam
Vc = (0.17 f 'c )bw d
*>&
1> kgkrNIsRmab;kmaMgsgt;tamGkS N u
V d
*>*
Vc = (0.16 f 'c + 17.2 w u )bw d 0.29 f 'c bw d
M
Vc = (0.16 f 'c + 17.2 w
Vu d
)bw d 0.29 f 'c bw d
Mu
Mm
Edl
4h d
= M u Nu
8
A
w = s
bw d
km<s;srubrbs;Fwm
Vu d / M u GacFMCag 1.0 b:uEn Vc minRtUvFMCag
h=
Vc = bw d (0.29 f 'c ) 1 +
*>(
Nu
3.45 Ag
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
187
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Vc = bw d (2 + 0.145
*>!0
Nu
) f 'c
Ag
2> kgkrNIsRmab;kmaMgTajtamGkS N u
Vc = bw d (2 + 0.58
Edl
RbsinebI
*>!!
Nu
) f 'c
Ag
mantmGviCmansRmab;kmaMgTaj
Vc GviCman enaH Vc RtUv)anykesIsUn.
Nu
8>5> FwmmanEdkkmaMgkat;
EdkEdleRbIedIm,ITb;nwgkmaMgkat; EdleKeRbIGacmaneRcInRbePTepSg
a. Edkkg EdleKeRbIedaydak;EkgeTAnwgEdkbeNay Edkem bRtUv)aneKdak;eRTt mMuEdl
eKniymeRbI 45 . EdkkgEdleKniymeRbImanmuxkat; DB10 nig DB12 .
b. EdkBt; EdlCaEpkmYyrbs;EdkbeNayEdleKBt;eLIg enAkEngEdleKbBab; edaymMu
30 nig 60 CaTUeTA 45 .
c. bnSMrvagEdkkg nigEdkBt;
d. sMNaj;Edk CamYynwgsMNaj;EkgeTAnwgGkS
e. EdkkgvN EdleKeRbIsRmab;ssr
ersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTwgrbs;FwmebtugGarem:RtUv)anbegIneLIgedaykareRbInUvEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg.
munnwgekItnUvsameRbHGgt;RTUg EdkkmaMgkat;TTwgCYyersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTwgtictYcbMput. eRkayeBlEdl
sameRbHkmaMgkat;TTwgekIteLIg EdkkmaMgkat;TTwgbegInersIusg;kmaMgkat;rbs;Fwm ehIykmaMgkgmg
eTotEdlekIteLIgenAmuxkat;eRbH. enAeBlbrimaNEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgtUc kar)ak;EdlekIteLIgedaysar
EdkenARTnugeFVIkardl; yield GacnwgekIteLIg b:uEnRbsinebIbrimaNEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgFM enaHkar)ak;eday
shear-compression failure GacnwgekIteLIg TaMgenHCaGVIEdleyIgKYreCosvag.
ebtug Edkkg (stirrups) nigEdkdgErk (bent bars) eFVIGMeBIrYmKaedIm,ITb;nwgkmaMgkat;TTwg.
edaysarersIusg;rgkarsgt;x<s; ebtugedIrtYCaGgt;rgkarsgt;Ggt;RTUgnRbBnFwm cMENkEdkkgedIrtYCa
Ggt;rgkarTajbBar. kmaMgsgt;Ggt;RTUg kdUcCabgMkmaMgbBarrbs;va mantmesInwgkmaMgTajenAkg
Edkkg. EdkBt;dgErk (bent-up reinforcement) kedIrtYdUcCaGgt;TajenAkg truss Edr rUbTI *>^.
o
T.Chhay
188
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CaTUeTA karcUlrYmrbs;EdkkmaMgkat;TTwgeTAkgersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTwgrbs;FwmebtugGarem:
GacRtUv)anBiBNnadUcxageRkam
- vaTb;Tl;EpkxHnkmaMgkat;TTwg/ V
- vabegInGaMgtg;sIuetnkmaMgkat;rvagGnrp/ Va rUbTI *>%/ edayTb;Tl;nwgkarrIkFMnsam
eRbHeRTt (inclined crack).
- vabegInnUvkmaMgf<k; (dowel force)/ Vd rUbTI *>%/ enAkgEdkbeNay
- GMeBITb; (confining action) rbs;EdkkgeTAelIebtugGacbegInersIusg;rbs;va
- GMeBITb; (confining action) rbs;EdkkgeTAelIebtugbegInnUvsmtPaBrgVilnsnak;)asic
(rotation capacity of plastic hinge) EdlekItmanenAkgeRKOgbgM indeterminate structure
eRkambnkcugeRkay nigbegInRbEvgEdl yield GacekItmanenAelIva.
eday V CaersIusg;kmaMgkat;rbs;muxkat;ebtugGarem:enaH
s
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
189
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
*>!@
Vn = Vc + Vs
- ersIusg;kmaMgkat;)anBIebtug
V - ersIusg;kmaMgkat;)anBIEdk
RbsinebI V kmaMgkat;Edl)anBIbnkxageRkAenaH
Edl
Vc
s
*>!#
Vu Vn = (Vc + Vs )
V = 1.2V + 1.6V
nig = 0.75
Edl
V RtUv)anKNnaedaykarviPaK truss rUbTI *>&. sRmab;sameRbH 45 nigesrInEdkkg b
EdkdgErk. kmaMgkat;bBar V esInwgplbUkbgMkmaMgbBarnkmaMgTajEdlekItmanenAkgEdkeRTt
V = nA f sin
*>!$
Edl
-muxkat;kat;EdkkmaMgkat;CamYyKMlat s
A
f
- ersIusg;EdkkmaMgkat;
u
yt
yt
eday ns = aa + a a
1
1 2
BIRtIekaN aa a
BIRtIekaN aa a
1 4
1 2
eKTTYl)an
sRmab;krNIEdkkgbBar
T.Chhay
*>!%
= 90o
190
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
A f d
b
s=
s
V
sRmab;krNIEdkkgbBar = 45
A f d
A f d
s = 1 .4
b
V = 1.4
V
s
sRmab;krNIEdkdgErkEtmYy bRkumEdkenAmYykEng
V = A f sin
b A = f Vsin
Vs =
Av f yt d
yt
*>!^
yt
yt
*>!&
yt
*>!*
yt
sRmab;
Av = 1.4
= 45o
*>!(
Vs
f yt
8>6> tRmUvkarrbs;
ACI Code
sRmab;karKNnakmaMgkat;TTwg
8>6>1> muxkat;eRKaHfak;sRmab;karKNnaersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTwgmFm
Critical section for nominal shear strength calculation
GnuBaat[ykmuxkat;eRKaHfak;sRmab;karKNnaersIusg;kmaMgkat;
mFmenAcmay d BIpmuxnTRm. karENnaMenHQrenAelIPaBCak;EsgEdlsameRbHeRTtdMbUgeKTMngCa
ekIteLIgenAelIFwmRtg;cmay d BITRmEdleRcInelcecjenAeBleFVIBiesaFn_. muxkat;eRKaHfak;enHRtUv)an
GnuBaat enAkglkxNEdlRbtikmTRmbBankmaMgsgt;eTAkgtMbn;cug bnkRtUv)anGnuvtenAelI benAEk,r
kMBUlnGgt;ehIyKanbnkcMcMNucGnuvtenAcenaHpnTRm nigTItaMgnmuxkat;eRKaHfak;. bTdankkMNt;Edr
faEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgRtUv)andak;enAcenaHpnTRm nigcmay d .
ACI Code, Section 11.1.3
8>6>2> muxkat;EdkGb,brmasRmab;EdkkmaMgkat;TTwg
vtmanrbs;EdkkmaMgkat;TTwgenAkgFwmebtugTb;Tl;nwgkarrIkraldalnsameRbHeRTt. m:agvij
eTot PaBsVit (ductility) ekIneLIg ehIyva)anRbkasGasnmuneBl)ak;. RbsinebIKanEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg
enaHFwmmanlkNRsYyehIy)ak;edaymin)anR)ab;mun. dUcenH muxkat;EdkkmaMgkat;TTwgRtUv)ankMNt;
eday Code. ACI Code, Section 11.5.5 tRmUvEdkkgTaMgGs;[manRkLapEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgGb,brma
Av esInwg
b s
b s
Av = 0.062 f 'c w 0.35 w
*>@0
f
f
yt
yt
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
191
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
- kRmalxN nigeCIgtag
- rnUtebtug
- FwmEdlmankm<s;tUcCag max{250mm; 2.5 dgkRmas;nsab; ; 1.5 nTTwgRTnug }
RbsinebI 0.062 f 'c = 0.35 enaH f 'c = 31.9MPa . enHmanyfaenAeBlEdl f 'c < 32MPa enaH
tmGb,brma Av = 0.35bw s / f yt manlkNlub EtenAeBlEdl f 'c 32MPa enaHtmGb,brma A =
0.062 f ' b s / f manlkNlub. karekIneLIgnUvRkLapEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgsRmab; f 'c 32MPa
KWedIm,IkarBarCamunnUvkar)ak;edaykmaMgkat;TTwg (shear failure )Pam enAeBlEdlekItmansameRbHeRTt.
vaCakarGnuvtmYydFmtakgkardMeLIgkRmas;kRmalxN kRmas;eCIgtag bkm<s;Fwmrak;edIm,IbegIn
lTPaBTb;Tl;nwgkmaMgkat;TTwg. EdkkgGacnwgKan\TiBlenAkgGgt;rak; edaysartMbn;rgkarsgt;rbs;
vamankm<s;tUcEmnETn nigminmanTMBk;RKb;RKan;EdlRtUvkarsRmab;Edkkg. sRmab;FwmEdlminrak; eKmin
RtUvkarEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgenAeBlEdl Vu < 0.5Vc .
RkLapEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgGb,brmaGacnwgRtUv)anTTYledayeRbIEdkkg DB10 dak;enAKMlatGtibrma S max . RbsinebI f yt = 400MPa ehIyEdkkg DB10 manragGkSr U eCIgBIrRtUv)aneRbI enaH
smIkar *>@0kayeTACa
Av f yt
Av f yt
S max =
*>@!
0.35b
(0.062 f ' )b
v
yt
taragTI1> tmrbs; S
T.Chhay
max
= Av f yt / 0.35bw = 60cm
192
. enAeBlEdl
f yt = 400MPa
nig
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
bw (cm)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
bw
60
55
50
40
35
35
30
25
179400 / bw
60
60
60
60
55
50
45
40
258250 / bw
8>6>3> kmaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmaEdlTb;edayEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg V
edIm,IkarBarkar)ak; shear-compression failure EdlebtugGacEbkedaykugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwgFM
nigkugRtaMgkmaMgsgt;enAkgtMbn;eRKaHfak; enABIelIkMBUlnsameRbHGgt;RTUg ACI Code, Section
11.5.6.8, tRmUv[ V 0.67 f ' b d . RbsinebI V > 0.67 f ' b d enaHeKRtUvtMelIgmuxkat;ebtug.
edayQrenAelIkarkMNt;enH
RbsinebI f 'c = 20MPa enaH Vs 3bwd b Vs / bwd 3MPa
RbsinebI f 'c = 28MPa enaH Vs 3.5bwd b Vs / bwd 3.5MPa
RbsinebI f 'c = 35MPa enaH Vs 4bwd b Vs / bwd 4MPa
s
c w
8>6>4> KMlatEdkkgGtibrma
edIm,IFanafasameRbHGgt;RTUgRtUvkat;Edkkgy:agehacmYy enaH ACI Code, Section 11.5.4 tRmUv
fa KMlatrvagEdkkgminKYrelIs d / 2 b 600mm RbsinebI V 0.33 f ' b d edayQrelIkarsnt;fa
sameRbHGgt;RTUgekItmantammMu 45o niglatsnwgtamcmayedkRbEhlcmay d . enAkgtMbn;kmaMgkat;
TTwgFM Edl Vs > 0.33 f 'c bwd KMlatEdkkgGtibrmacenaHEdkkgminRtUvFMCag d / 4 . karkMNt;enHcaM
)ac;edIm,IFana[sameRbHGgt;RTUgkat;Edkkgy:agehacbI. enAeBlEdl V > 0.67 f ' b d karkMNt;
nKMlatGtibrmaminRtUv)anGnuvt ehIyTMhMrbs;muxkat;ebtugKYrRtUv)andMeLIg.
karkMNt;TIBIrsRmab;KMlatGtibrmanEdkkg kGacTTYl)anBIlkxNmuxkat;EdkkmaMgkat;TTwg
Gb,brma. Av Gb,brma RtUv)anTTYlenAeBlKMlat s Gb,brma smIkar *>@!.
karkMNt;TIbIsRmab;KMlatGtibrmaesInwg 600mm enAeBlEdl V 0.33 f ' b d nigesInwg
300mm enAeBlEdl 0.33 f 'c bw d < Vs 0.67 f 'c bw d . tmtUcCageKnKMlatGtibrmaRtUv)anyk
mkeRbI. tRmUvkarKMlatGtibrman ACI Code
FanaKMlatCitKarbs;EdkkgedIm,Icab;EdkrgkarTajbeNay enAkgFwm
edayehtuenHva)anbegInlTPaBbgb;Edkrbs;va Vd rUbTI *>%.
s
c w
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
193
c w
c w
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
194
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
195
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
8>6>7> EdkkgenAEdlenAEk,rTRm
kMNt;faEdkkgkmaMgkat;TTwgEdlpl;[enAcenaHpTRm nigmuxkat;
eRKaHfak; (critical section) EdlsitenAcmay d BITRmKYrRtUv)anKNnasRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwg Vu dUcKa
enAnwgmuxkat;eRKaHfak;. vaCakarGnuvtFmtaedaydak;EdkkgTImYyenAcmay s / 2 BIpnTRm Edl s
CaKMlatEdlKNnaedaysmIkar *>!^ sRmab; Vu enAmuxkat;eRKaHfak;.
ACI Code, Section 11.1.3
8>6>8> RbEvgRbsiTPaBrbs;EdkdgErk
manEtbIPaKbYnRtg;cMNuckNalnEpkeRTtnEdkbeNayRtUv)anKitfamanRbsiTPaBsRmab;Edk
kmaMgkat;TTwg. enHmannyfa KMlatGtibrmarbs;EdkdgErkKW 0.75(d d ' ) . BIrUbTI *>( RbEvgRbsiTPaB
rbs;EdkdgErkKW 0.75(d d ' ) / sin 45o = 0.75(1.414)(d d ' ) = 1.06(d d ' ) . KMlatGtibrma s esInwg
cmayedkEdl)anBIkarTMlak;cMeNalEkgnRbEvgRbsiTPaBEdkdgErk. dUcenH
S max = 1.06(d d ' ) cos 45o b S max = 1.06(d d ' )0.707 = 0.75(d d ' )
8>7> karKNnaEdkkgbBar
eKRtUvkarEdkkg (stirrup) enAeBlEdl Vu > 12 Vc . EdkkgGb,brmaRtUv)aneRbIenAeBlEdl
1 V < V < V . kgkrNIenHeKeRbIEdkkg DB10 EdlRtUv)andak;nUvKMlatGtibrma. enAeBlEdl
c
u
c
2
Vu > Vc eKRtUvkardak;EtEdkkgCamYyKMlattUcCagKMlatGtibrma ehIyGacRtUv)anKNnaedayeRbI
smIkar *>!^ S = Av f yt d / Vs .
EdkkgEdlRtUv)aneRbICaTUeTAenAkgmuxkat;ebtugCaEdkkg DB10 nig DB12 GkSr U eCIgBIr
CamYynwg f yt = 400MPa . RbsinebI DB10 RtUv)aneRbIenaH smIkar*>!^kayCa
S Av f yt 157 400 62800
=
=
=
*>@$
d
Vs
Vs
Vs
RbsinebI DB12 RtUv)aneRbIenaH
S Av f yt 226 400 90400
=
=
=
*>@%
d
Vs
Vs
Vs
pleFobKMlatEdkkgelIkm<s;RbsiTPaB d rbs;Fwm GaRsynwg Vs . tmn S / d sRmab;tm
epSgKan Vs enAeBlEdl f yt = 400MPa RtUv)an[enAkgtaragTI2 nigtaragTI3 sRmab;Edk DB10 nig
Edk DB12 erogKa. tmdUcKaRtUv)anbgajCadaRkamdUcenAkgrUbTI 8>10 nigrUbTI 8>11.
T.Chhay
196
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Vs (kN )
0.5
S /d
0.44
yt
251.2
0.33 0.264
0.25
Vs (kN )
S /d
= 400MPa S / d = 62800 / Vs
yt
DB10
0.22
0.19 0.165
= 400MPa S / d = 90400 / Vs
0.15 0.132
592.5
0.106
DB12
180.8
225
265
310
361.6
445
490.0
535
665
775
850
0.5
0.40
0.34
0.29
0.25
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.14
0.12
0.11
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
197
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
tamtarag nigdaRkamxagelIeyIgGacsnidan)anfa
- RbsinebIeKeRbI DB10 / S = d / 2 enAeBlEdl Vs 125.6kN . enAeBlEdl Vs ekIneLIg
S / d fycuHtamExSekageTArktm 0.132 enAeBl Vs = 475.8kN . RbsinebIKMlatGb,brma
RtUv)ankMNt;Rtwm 75mm enaH d 568mm . enAeBlEdl Vs > 251.2kN enaH S d / 4 .
- RbsinebIeKeRbI DB12 / S = d / 2 enAeBlEdl Vs 180.8kN . enAeBlEdl Vs ekIneLIg
S / d fycuHtamExSekageTArktm 0.14 enAeBl Vs = 665kN . RbsinebIKMlatGb,brma
RtUv)ankMNt;Rtwm 75mm enaH d 535mm . enAeBlEdl Vs > 361.6kN enaH S d / 4 .
- RbsinebIeKeRbIEdkkgGkSr U f yt = 280MPa enaHeKRtUvKuN S / d edaytm 7 /10 bCaTUeTA
f yt / 400 .
8>8> segbviFIsaRsKNnaEdkkgbBar
CMhankgkarKNnaEdkkgbBarsRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwg edayeyagtam ACI Code GacRtUv)an
segbdUcxageRkam
f. kMNt;kmaMgkat;KNna V BIbnkEdlGnuvtmkelIeRKOgbgM. kmaMgkat;KNnaRKITicEdl
RtUvykmksikSasitenARbEvg d BImuxnTRm.
Vd
g. kMNt; V = 0.17 f ' b d b V = (0.16 f ' + 17.2
)b d 0.29 f ' b d
M
u
c w
c w
bnab;mkKNna 12 V
T.Chhay
198
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
h.
i.
k.
Vu Vc
Vs =
j.
c w
c2
c w
c1
c2
yt
l.
c1
yt
c1
c w
c2
yt
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
max
max
max
199
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
k> Vu = 50kN
NPIC
x> Vu = 110kN
dMeNaHRsay
K> Vu = 240kN
X> Vu = 345kN
g> Vu = 570kN
= 55.65kN
(
Vc 2 = (0.67
) (
)
f 'c )bd = 576kN
k>
x>
/ muxkat;RKb;RKan; edayminRtUvkarEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg.
Vu = 110kN > 12 Vc / b:uEnvatUcCag Vc = 111.3kN . eday Vs = 0 dUcenH muxkat;RtUvkarEdk
kmaMgkat;TTwgGb,brma. eRbI DB10 CaEdkkgGkSr U enAKMlatGtibrma.
Vu = 50kN < 12 Vc = 55.565kN
Av = 2 10 2
= 157mm 2
KMlatGtibrmaCatmtUcCageKkgcMeNam
S 2 = d / 2 = 275mm yk 250mm lub
S 3 = Av f yt / 0.35bw = 157 400 /(0.35 300) = 598mm
yk 550mm beRbItaragTI1
S 4 = 600mm
200
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
201
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
2> KNna Vc :
NPIC
= 57.87 kN
406.7
4> KNna Vs = (Vu Vc )/ = (310.42 115.75)/ 0.75 = 259.56kN . edaysar Vs < Vc1 enaH
S max = d / 2 600mm RtUv)anBicarNa beyagtamrUbTI 8>10 btaragTI2 Vs > 251.2kN .
5> KNnaEdkkg eRCIserIsEdkkgGkSr U DB10 / Av = 157mm 2 . KNna S1 edayQrelI
Vs = 259.56kN / S1 = Av f yt d / Vs = 140mm yk 125mm byk S / d = 0.24 BItaragTI2
bBIrUbTI 8>10
T.Chhay
202
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
As f yt d
s
Vs = 109.3kN
Vc + Vs = 115.75 + 109.3 = 225kN
406.7 2
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
203
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
8>9> kmaMgkat;TTwgEdlbNalBIbnkGefr
enAkg]TahrN_TI2 TaMgbnkefr nigbnkGefrRtUv)ansnt;faBRgayesIeBjtambeNayFwm Edl
begIt)ankmaMgkat;TTwgsUnenAkNalElVg. CaFmta bnkefrBitCaBRgayeBjelIbeNayFwm Etbnk
GefrGacGnuvteBj bkGnuvtEtEpkxHrbs;Fwm EdltRmUv[mankmaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmaekIteLIgenAkNal
ElVg bmuxkat;kMNt;NamYy. rUbTI 8>14 a bgajBIFwmTRmsamBaCamYynwgbnkBRgayesIGnuvteBj
beNayFwm. kmaMgkat;TTwgERbRbYlCaragbnat;tambeNayFwm CamYynwgkmaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmaenATRm
A.
kgkrNIEdlbnkGefr W2 = 1.6WL kmaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmamanGMeBIenARtg;TRm A enAeBlEdl
W2 GnuvteBjElVgFwm rUbTI 8>14 a . kmaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmaekItmanenAkNakElVgRbsinebIbnkGefr
RtUv)andak;EtBak;kNalFwm BC rUbTI 8>14 b EdlbegIt)an Vu enAkNalElVgesInwg W2 L / 8 . dUc
enH kmaMgkat;TTwgKNnaRtUv)anbegIteLIgedaykarbEnmkmaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmaEdlbNalmkBIbnk
Gefr EdlRtUv)andak;enAelIRbEvgepSgnElVg eTAelIkmaMgkat;TTwgGefr rUbTI 8>14 c . vaCakar
GnuvtFmtaedayKitkmaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmaRtg;TRm A esInwg Wu L / 2 = (1.2WD + 1.6WL ) L / 2 / b:uEn Vu
enAkNalElVgesI W2 L / 8 = (1.6WL ) L / 8 CamYybnat;Rtg;ERbRbYltambeNay AC nig CB dUcbgajenA
kg rUbTI 8>14 d. karKNnasRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwgenAkkrNIenHnwgGnuvtdUcKanwgkarBnl;kg]TahrN_2.
RbsinebI karerobrab;xagelIenHGnuvteTAFwmkg]TahrN_2 enaH Vu enATRm A = 406.7kN nig Vu enA
kNalElVg = (1.6 55)4.9 / 8 = 53.9kN .
T.Chhay
204
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
205
f y = 400MPa
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
1> KNnakmaMgkat;TTwgtambeNayFwmEdlbNalmkBIbnkxageRkA
Vu enATRm = 80 3 + 89 + 36 = 365kN
510
Vud enAcmay d = 365 80
= 351.4kN
3000
Vu enAcmay 1.2m xageqVg = 365 80 1.2 = 269kN
Vu enAcmay 1.2m xagsaM = 269 89 = 180kN
Vu enAcugTMenr = 36kN
daRkamkmaMgkat;TTwgRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 8>15.
2> KNna Vc
Vc = (0.17 f 'c bd ) = 0.75(0.17 28 )300 510 10 3 = 103.2kN
1 V
c
2
= 51.6kN
206
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Av f yt d
Vs
S 4 = 300mm
S 2 = d / 2 = 255mm
b 250mm
A. Vu = 180kN > Vc
Vs = (180 103.2) / 0.75 = 102.4kN < Vc1 = 267.2kN
B. S1 = Av f yt d / Vs = 157 400 510 / 102400 = 313mm
C. S 2 = d / 2 = 510 / 2 = 255mm
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
207
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
srub 3000mm
karBRgayEdkkgRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 8>16. EdkkgsrubmancMnYn 20 .
8>10> kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwgenAkgGgt;Edlmankm<s;ERbRbYl
edaysarEtkugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwg v CaGnuKmn_nkm<s;RbsiTPaB d dUcenHkugRtaMgkat;TTwgERbRbYl
tambeNayFwmebtugBRgwgedayEdkCamYynwgkm<s;ERbRbYl. enAkgFwmEbbenH rUbTI 8>17 eKBicarNa
elIFatuGnntUc dx . kmaMgsgt; C enAelImuxkat;NamYyesInwgm:Um:g;Eck[dXas; b C = M / y . edrIevTI
mYyn C KW
dC =
ydM Mdy
y2
dM M
2 dy
y
y
y
1 dM M dy
v=
yb dx by 2 dx
vbdx =
( jd ) nig v =
v=
tan
2
2
bjd
bjd
dx
b( jd )
T.Chhay
b( jd )
208
*>@^
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
*>@&
V
M
2 tan
bd bd
sRmab;viFIKNnaersIusg; smIkarxageRkamGacRtUv)aneRbI
vu =
*>@*
Vu
M
tan
bd bd 2
sRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwg
*>@(
rUbTI 8>18 bgajBIFwm cantilever CamYynwgbnkcMcMNucenAcugTMenr. m:Um:g;nigkm<s; d ekIneLIgkg
TisedAeTArkTRm. kgkrNIenH sBaadkRtUv)aneRbIenAsmIkar *>@& *>@* nig*>@(. dUcKa sBaadk
RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;muxkat; t enAkgFwmTRmsamBadUcbgaj ehIysBaabUkRtUv)aneRbIsRmab;muxkat; Z
Edlm:Um:g;ekIneLIgenAeBlEdlkm<s;fycuH.
enAkgkrNICaeRcIn karERbRbYlkm<s;rbs;FwmekItmanenAelIEpkrbs;FwmEdlenAEk,rTRm rUbTI
8>18.
Vn = Vu
Mu
tan
d
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
209
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
karBesaFeTAelIFwmCamYykm<s;ERbRbYlbgajfa FwmEdlmankm<s;FMenATRmCaTUeTA)ak;edaysar
kmaMgkat;TTwgsgt;. FwmEdlmankm<s;tUcenATRmCaTUeTA)ak;edaysarPaBKanesrPaB EdlbNalmkBI
karraldalnsameRbHemenAkgFwmeLIgelI ehIybnab;mksameRbHenaHraldaltamTisedkenAelImuxkat;
FwmEpkxagelI. karBiesaFk)anbgajEdrfa sRmab;FwmEdlmankm<s;ERbRbYl rUbTI 8>18 CamYynwgmMu
eRTt RbEhl 10o nigrgnUvkmaMgkat;TTwg nigkmaMgBt; ersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTwgrbs;ebtug VCV GacRtUv
)anKNnaeday
*>#0
VCV = Vc (1 + tan )
Edl VCV = ersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTwgrbs;FwmCamYynwgkm<s;ERbRbYl
V d
Vc = 0.16 f 'c + 17.2 w u bw d (0.29 f 'c )bw d
ACI Code Eq.11.6
M
T.Chhay
mMuEdlbegIteLIgedayTisrbs;Edk. vaRtUv)anKitfaviCmansRmab;FwmEdlmankm<s;tUc
enATRm nigGviCmansRmab;FwmEdlmankm<s;FMenATRm rUbTI 8>18
210
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
km<s;RbsiTPaBrbs;FwmenATRm
ACI Code Eq.11.3 CasmIkarRtUv)ansRmYl nigGaceRbIedIm,IKNna Vc
*>#!
Vc = (0.17 f 'c )bw d
]TahrN_4 KNnaFwm cantilever dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 8>19 eRkamGMeBIbnkemKuN. FwmenHkm<s;srub
enAcugTMenr 300mm ehIyekIneLIgeTArkTRm. edayeRbIPaKryEdk = 1.5% / f 'c = 28MPa /
f y = 400MPa nig b = 250mm .
ds =
dMeNaHRsay
M
=
Ru b
269 10 6
= 477.5mm
4.72 250
211
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
vu =
NPIC
Vu
Mu
(tan )
bd bd 2
490 240
= 0.1
2500
153250
269 10 6
=
TRm
4> kugRtaMgkmaMgTTwgenAcugTMenrKW Vu / bd M u = 0
vu
vu =
62000
= 1.38MPa
0.75 250 240
Mu
vu =
= 198.4kN.m
135.4 103
198.4 10 6 0.1
= 1.09MPa
0.75 250 441 0.75 250 4412
= 1.15MPa
0.75 250 365 0.75 250 365 2
M u = 62 1.25 + 36.5
Vu = 83.9kN
M u = 43.8kN
vu = 1.23kN
Vu = 73kN
M u = 20.2kN
vu = 1.29kN
tmTaMgGs;enHRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 8>20
7> kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwgedayebtugKW
0.17 28 = 0.9 MPa
kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwgGb,brmaEdlRtUvTb;edayEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg
vus = 1.38 0.9 = 0.48MPa
212
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
caM)ac;
sRmab;
eTA
enAcugTRm
sRmab;Gb,brma
9> epgpat;KMlatGtibrma (d / 2) : vus 0.33
f 'c
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
213
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
8>11> Ggt;rgkarBt;CeRmAeRCA
Ggt;rgkarBt;KYrRtUv)anKNnaCaFwmeRCARbsinebIpleFobn clear span ln Edlvas;BIpmuxTl;Ka
rbs;TRm rUbTI 8>21 elIkm<s;srub h mantmtUcCag 4 (ACI Code, Section 11.8) . Ggt;KYrrgnUvbnk
enAelIpEdlQmnwgpnTRm EdlGaceFVI[ strut rgkarsgt;GacbegIteLIgenAcenaHbnk nigTRm rUbTI
8>22. RbsinebIbnkGnuvtenA)at bpxagrbs;FwmeRCA smIkarKNnakmaMgkat;TTwgsRmab;FwmFmta
Edl)an[BIxagmuxKYrRtUv)aneRbI. Ca]TahrN_ FwmeRCAKWCaFwmElVgxIEdlRTbnkFn;/ CBaaMgbBareRkam
bnkTMnajEpndI (gravity load), shear wall, nigkRmalxNrgnUvbnkedk.
niymnyrbs;Ggt;rgkarBt;eRCAkRtUv)anbgajenAkg ACI Code, Section 10.7.1. vabgajfa
Ggt;rgkarBt;EdlmanpleFob ln / h < 4 nigtMbn;rgbnkcMcMNucsitenAcmayBIrdgnkm<s;rbs;Ggt;BI
pnTRmRtUv)ancat;TukCaGgt;rgkarBt;eRCA. FwmEbbenHKYrRtUv)anKNnaedayKitnUvkarBRgay nonlinear
T.Chhay
214
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
215
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
216
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
2.5M u
V d
0.16 f 'c + 17.2 w u bw d
Vc = 3.5
*>#%
V d
M
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
217
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
+
S
S
12
12
218
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
tmn As minGactUcCagEdkrgkarBt;Gb,brmaEdlRtUvkarsRmab;FwmFmtaEdlnwg[enAeBl
bnab; edaysnt; d = 0.9h .
0.25 f 'c
1.38
As Gb,brma =
bw d
bw d
*>#*
f
f
y
GgTIBIrlub enAeBlEdl f 'c < 30MPa . cMNaMfa f y nig f 'c KitCa MPa .
EdkrgkarTajedaykarBt; (flexural tension reinforcement) KYrdak;enA h / 4 eTA h / 5 n
Fwm nigKYrmanKMlatRKb;RKan;tambeNay)attMbn;Taj. EdkrgkarTajKYrEtf<k;eTAkgTRm
[)anl.
sRmab;karviPaK nigkarKNnaEdlmanlkNsuRkwt nigsRmab;FwmeRCACab; viFI nonlinear
Edl manlkNht;ct;GacRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IbrimaNdRtwmRtUv nigkarBRgaynEdkrgkarTaj.
]TahrN_5 FwmeRCATRmsamBamanElVgRbEvg 4.2m man clear span RbEvg ln = 3.6m km<s;srub
h = 2.5m nigTTwg b = 0.4mm . FwmeRCARTedaybnkeFVIkarefBRgayesI 600kN / m rYmbBalbnkpal;
xn nigbnkGefr 320kN / m enAelIEpkxagelInFwm. KNnasrsEdkrgkarBt; nigEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg
sRmab;FwmenH edayeRbI f 'c = 28MPa nig f y = 400MPa rUbTI8>24.
dMeNaHRsay
1> KNnasRmab;EdkTb;nwgm:Um:g;
Wu = 1.2WD + 1.6WL = 1.2 600 + 1.6 320 = 1232kN / m
Wu L2 1232 4.2 2
Mu =
=
= 2716.56kN .m
8
8
l n 3 .6
=
= 1.44
h 2 .5
Mu
2716.56 10 6
=
= 4868mm 2
yf y 0.9 1550 400
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
219
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
KNna
x> KNna Vc
3 .5 2 .5
Mu
= 3.5 2.5(0.29 ) = 2.775 > 2.5
Vu d
Mu
Vu
= 0.4
= 2.5
Vu d
Mud
A
4909
w = s =
= 0.00545
bw d 400 2250
T.Chhay
= 226mm 2
220
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
KMlatGtibrmaGnuBaatrbs;EdkQr nigEdkedk
S v = S vh =
d 2250
=
= 450mm > 300mm
5
5
yk Sv = S nh = 300mm
EdkQrGb,brma
Av Gb,brma= 0.0025 400 300 = 300mm 2 > 226mm 2
bBaHKMlatEdkkgbBar Sv = 400 226
= 226mm
0.0025
EdkedkGb,brma
Avh Gb,brma= 0.0015 400 300 = 180mm 2 < 226mm 2
dUcenH eRbI DB12 @ 200 sRmab;TisbBar
nig DB12 @ 300 sRmab;Tisedk
3> RbsinebIeyIgeRbI Vc = 0.17 f 'c bw d enaH Vc = 0.17 28 400 2250 10 3 = 809.6kN nig
Vc = 607.2kN < 1552.3kN . dUcenH eKRtUvkarEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg.
Vs =
1552.3 607.2
= 1260.1kN
0.75
= 226mm 2
f y d
S v 12 S h 12
226 1 + 1.6 226 11 1.6
1260100 =
400 2250
+
S 12 S 12
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
221
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
222
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
2> epgpat;faetIFwmenHeRCAtamkarEcgrbs; ACI Code, Section 11.8: clear span ln = 3.6m nig
h = 1.8m ehIy ln / d = 2 < 4 dUcenH FwmenHCaFwmeRCA.
3> KNnaersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmanmuxkat;Fwm
yk Vu enARtg; A = R A = 1771.66kN nigsnt;yk d = 0.9h = 0.9 1.8 = 1.62m
Vn = 0.83 f 'c bw d = 0.83 28 450 1620 10 3 = 2743.1kN
OK
223
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
f ce = 17.85MPa
lb;elI nodal
224
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
BIFrNImaRt RbEvg
dUcKa RbEvg
TIRbCMuTmn;rbs; nodal zone sitenA 383 / 2 = 191.5mm BI)atnFwm eyIg)ansnt; 150mm
x> KNna nodal zone enAcMNuc D rUbTI8>27 b
RbEvgnpedk de = 3423.32 103 /(0.75 17.85 450) = 568mm
2875.6
RbEvgn df = ef = 568 3423
= 477mm
.32
RbEvgrbs; fg = 477 2 ( 568
) 2 = 383mm
2
dUcenH TIRbCMuTmn;n nodal zone sitenA 383 / 3 = 128mm BIpxagelIrbs;FwmeyIg)ansnt;
150mm
8> KNnaEdkQr nigEdkedk
k> EdkQr mMurvagEdkQr nigGgt; strut KW 53.5o BIrUbTI 8>27 a. eRbIEdk DB16 EdlmanKMlat
x> Edkedk mMurvagEdkedk nigGgt; strut KW 36.5o BIrUbTI 8>27 a. eRbIEdk DB16 EdlmanKMlat
OK
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
225
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
x = 257 mm
l dh = 0.02 e f y d b /
e = = 1.0
f 'c
d b = 30
T.Chhay
226
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
rgnUvbnkBRgayefr
47.5kN / m nigbnkBRgayGefr 25kN / m . FwmenHmanmuxkat; b = 35cm nig d = 55cm . FwmenHBRgwg
edayEdk 4DB25 BRgaymYyCYr. cUrkMNt;nUvmuxkat;caM)ac;sRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwg. smtikm
f ' = 28MPa nig f = 280MPa .
c
span
yt
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
227
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
x> kmaMgkat;TTwgKNnaenARtg;muxxagssr
Vu = 97
6
= 291kN
2
X> ersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTwgEdlTb;edayebtug
Vc = 0.17 f 'c bd = 0.17 28 350 550 = 173.2kN
Vc = 130kN
1
Vc = 65kN
2
g> kmaMgkat;TTwgEdlEdkRtUvTb;
Vs =
Vu Vc
c> cmayBImuxpssrmk
x' =
291 65
3 = 2.33m
291
q> KNnaEdkkg
1> eRCIserIsEdk RB10 EdkkgmaneCIgBIr
Av = 2 78.5mm 2 = 157mm 2
A f d 157 280 550
s1 = v yt =
= 168.5mm < 600mmm
Vs
143.5 103
s1 < s2 < s3
2> RtYtBinitKMlatGtibrmaesI
d
4
228
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
max
c1
max
Av f yt d
smax
cmayBImuxTRm eTAdl;EdkkgEdlmanKMlat s
x1 =
max
= 275mm
kmaMgkat; nigkmaMgTajGgt;RTUg
229
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
230
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
IX.
kRmalxNmYyTis
9>1> RbePTkRmalxN
eRKOgbgMkRmalxNebtugRtUv)ansagsg;eLIgedIm,Ipl;nUvprabesI CaTUeTAmanTisedAedk.
kRmalxNGacRTedayCBaaMg bedayFwmebtugsrsEdkEdlCaTUeTARtUv)ancak;kgeBldMNalKaCamYy
kRmalxN (cast monolithically with the slab) bedayFwmEdk bedayssr bedaydI. CaTUeTAkRmas;
kRmalxNman tmtUcebIeRbobeFobCamYynwgRbEvgElVg rUbTI 9>1.
kRmalxNebtugenAkgGaKarGacEbgEckdUcxageRkam
a. kRmalxNmYyTis (one-way slab) RbsinebIkRmalxNEdlRTedayRCugBIrQmKa enaHvanwgekag
b dabkgTisedAEkgnwgRCugnTRm. GMeBIrbs;rcnasm<nKWmanEtmYyTis ehIybnkEdlRTeday
kRmal xNenAkgTisedAEdldabtUc. kRmalxNRbePTenHRtUv)aneK[eQaHfa kRmalxNmYy
Tis rUb TI 9>1a. RbsinebIkRmalxNRtUv)anRTedayRCugbYn ehIypleFobRCugEvgelIRCugxIFM
Cag besInwg 2 enaHbnkPaKeRcIn RbEhl 95% beRcInCagenHRtUv)anRTenAkgTisedAxI ehIy
GMeBImYyTis RtUv)anBicarNasRmab;karGnuvtn_TaMgGs; rUb TI 9>1b. RbsinebIkRmalxNRtUv)an
eFVIeLIgedayebtugBRgwgedayEdkedayKanrnxl; (no void) enaHeK[eQaHfa kRmalxNmYy
Tistan; (one-way solid slab) . rUb TI 9>1 c, d nig e bgajBIbg;BuH nigkarBRgayEdk.
b. RbBnkRmalxNrnUtmYyTis (one-way joist floor slab) kRmalxNRbePTenHeKk[eQaHfa
ribbed slab. vapSMeLIgedaykRmalxNEdlCaTUeTAmankRmas;BI 50mm eTA 100mm RTeday
rnUtebtugGarem: (ribs or joist). CaTUeTArnUtmanragsc nigmanKMlatesIKaminelIs 750mm .
rnUt RtUv)anRTedayFwmEdlsitenAelIssr. KMlatrvagrnUtGacbegIt)anedaykareRbIBum<Edk b
Bum<eFVIBI fiberglass rUbTI9>2. enAkgkRmalxNrnUtxH KMlatrvagrnUtGacRtUv)anbMeBjeday filler
edIm,IeFVI[kRmalxNEpkxageRkamrabesI.
c. RbBnkRmalxNBIrTis (two-way floor system) enAeBlEdlkRmalxNRTedayRCugbYn ehIy
pleFobnRCugEvgelIRCugxItUcCag 2 enaHkRmalnwgdabedaykMeNagDubelITisedATaMgBIr. bnk
kRmalxNRtUv)anbBankgTisedABIreTAFwmTaMgbYnEdlBTCMuvijkRmalxN eyagtamemeronTI
17. RbePTepSgeTotrbs;RbBnkRmalxNBIrTisman flat plate floor, flat slab nig waffle slab
EdlkRmalxNTaMgenHnwgBnl;kgemeronTI17. kgemeronenHeyIgniyayEtBIRbBnkRmalxN
mYyTis.
kRmalxNmYyTis
231
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
9>2> karKNnankRmalxNtan;mYyTis
RbsinebIkRmalebtugcak;kgkRmas;esIedayKanRbehag eKGacehAva)anfa kRmaltan;. enAkg
kRmalxNmYyTis (one-way slab) pleFobnRbEvgEvgrbs;kRmalxNelIRbEvgsIrbs;vaFMCag 2.
bnkrbs;kRmalesIrEtTaMgGs;RtUv)anbBaneTATisedAxI ehIykRmalxNGaccat;TukdUcCaFwm. ceRmok
kRmalxNkta CaTUeTAmanRbEvg 1m RtUv)ancat;TukCaFwmctuekaN. FwmenHmanTTwg1m CamYynwgkm<s;
T.Chhay
232
One-Way Slab
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
233
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
wu lu
g. M u =
T.Chhay
234
One-Way Slab
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
235
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
i.
j.
NPIC
236
One-Way Slab
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
yk 400mm . EdkenHmantYnaTICaEdkrgEdlRtUv)andak;EkgnwgEdkemEdlRtUv)anKNnaedaykarviPaK
edaykarBt; (flexural analysis).
9>5> lMGitsrsEdk
enAkgkRmalxNmYyTisCab; RkLapEdkemRtUv)anKNnaBIRKb;eRKaHfak;TaMgGs; TaMgenAkNalElVg
nigenATRm. kareRCIserIssrsEdk niglMGitsrsEdkGaRsyeTAnwgRkLapEdk KMlatRtUvkar nigRbEvg
TMBk;. eKmanRbBnrayEdkBIrRbePT.
enAkgRbBnEdkRtg; rUbTI9>4 EdkRtg;RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;dak;enAEpkxagelI nigEpkxageRkamnRKb;
kRmalxNTaMgGs;. karcMNayelIfvikar nigeBlevlasRmab;plitEdkRtg; RtUvkarticCagkgkarplitEdk
Bt; dUcenHRbBnEdkRtg;RtUv)anTUlMTUlayCagenAkgsMNg;.
enAkgRbBnEdkBt; b trussed EdkRtg; nigEdkBt;RtUv)andak;qas;KaenAkgkRmalxN. TItaMgBt;
RtUv)anepgpat;sRmab;karBt; kmaMgkat;TTwg nigtRmUvkarRbEvgf<k;. sRmab;bnkFmtaenAkgsMNg;
bg;lMGitsrsEdksRmab;ElVgxag nigElVgkNalnkRmalxNtan;mYyTisRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 9>4.
kRmalxNmYyTis
237
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
9>6> karEbgEckbnkBIkRmalxNmYyTiseTAFwmTRm
enAkgRbBnkRmalxNmYyTis bnkBIkRmalxNRtUv)anbBaneTAFwmTRmtamcugEvgnkRmalxN.
Fwm bBanbnkrbs;vaeTAssrTRm.
238
One-Way Slab
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
f 'c = 20MPa
dMeNaHRsay
nig
f y = 400MPa
1> KNnakm<s;RbsiTPaB d
d
d = h 20mm b emIlrUb9>1 d
2
d = 175 20mm
20
= 145mm
2
1000 314
= 1794mm 2 / m
175
dMeNaHRsay
kRmalxNmYyTis
239
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M u = M n = 76.79 =
Wu L2 Wu (4.9) 2
=
8
8
bnkBRgayesIemKuNKW Wu = 25.6kN / m 2
2> Wu = 1.2D + 1.6L
D = 4.8 + 0.175 1 25 = 9.2kN / m 2
L = 9.1kN / m 2
f 'c = 20MPa
f y = 400MPa
nigkar
dMeNaHRsay
sRmab;kRmalxNTTwg 1m / M u = Wu L2 / 8
19.86 3.6 2
Mu =
= 32.2kN .m
8
a=
As f y
f y = 400 MPa
min = 0.0018
T.Chhay
240
One-Way Slab
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dUcenHmuxkat;RKb;RKan;.
7> muxkat;cugeRkay h = 175mm / Edkem DB12 @175mm nigEdkrg DB12 @ 350mm .
1
Vc = 42.75kN > Vu = 32.8kN
2
dMeNaHRsay
U (3.35)2
= 20.3kN .m
10
3> snt; = 1.4% enaH Ru = 3.12MPa tmenHtUcCag max = 0.0169 nigFMCag min = 0.005
= 0.9
kRmalxNmYyTis
241
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
d=
NPIC
Mu
20.3 10 6
=
= 81mm
Ru b
3.12 1000
eRCIserIs DB16
kRmas;srub = d + 162 + 20 = 109mm
eRbIkRmas;kRmalxN 125mm dUckarsnt;xagelI
km<s; d EdleRbIBitR)akd = 125 20 8 = 97mm
4> m:Um:g; nigsrsEdkRtUvkarenARtg;muxkat;dTeTot edayeRbI d = 97mm mandUcxageRkam
TItaMg emKuNm:Um:g; M u (kN .m) Ru = M u / bd 2 (MPa) (%) As (mm 2 ) Edk nigKMlat
1
24
A
0.00500
485
DB12@200
8.46
tUc
B
1
+ 14
14.51
1.54
0.00646
627
DB16@300
1
10
20.31
2.16
0.00928
900
DB16@200
1
11
18.47
1.96
0.00836
811
DB16@200
1
+ 16
12.70
1.35
0.00561
545
DB16@200
karBRgaysrsEdkRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 9>7.
5> kmaMgkat;TTwgekItmanenAkRmalxNxageRkAnTRmTI2/ muxkat; C
6> Vu Rtg; C = 1.15ULn / 2 = 1.15 182.1 3.55 = 36.95kN
7> Vc = 0.17 f 'c bd = 0.75 0.17 20 1000 97 103 = 55.3
lTplenHGacTTYlyk)an. cMNaMfa kardak;srsEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgGb,brmaenAeBlEdl Vu > 12 Vc
minRtUv)anGnuvtsRmab;kRmalxNeT ACI Code, Section 11.5.5.
T.Chhay
242
One-Way Slab
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
1> bnkemKuNBRgayesIkgmYyEm:RtRbEvgenAelIFwmkNalesInwgbnkemKuNBRgayesIenAlIkRmal
xNKuNnwg S EdlCaRCugxIrbs;kRmalxN. dUcenH
U Fwm= U kRmalxN S = 18.1 3.8 = 68.8kN / m
bnkrbs;FwmKYrRtUv)anKitbBal. RbEvgrbs;FwmKW 7.2m
kMNt;km<s;srub h = 20L 0.8 = 720.2 0.8 = 0.288m yk 300mm
kRmas;kRmalxNKW 125mm dUcenHkm<s;nRTnugrbs;FwmKW 300 125 = 175mm
bnkemKuNnRTnugFwm = 0.175 0.25 25 1.2 = 1.3kN / m
bnkBRgayesIsrubelIFwm = 68.8 + 1.3 = 70.1kN / m
2> bnkenAleIFwmkNal
Pu = 70.1 7.2 = 504.72kN / m
243
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
T.Chhay
244
One-Way Slab
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
UL2
12
9 0.5 2
Mu =
= 0.19kN .m
12
Mu =
kRmalxNRtUv)ancak;Cab;CamYynwgrnUt
edaycat;Tukm:Um:g;enAkgkRmalxNRtUvRTedayebtugsuT
enaHersIusg;TajedaykarBt;GnuBaatrbs;ebtugKW f t = 0.415
sg; = 0.55 / f t = 0.415 28 = 2.2MPa .
ersIusg;TajrgkarBt; = McI = f t
f 'c
CamYynwgemKuNkat;bnyersIu
bh 3 1000 50 3
=
= 10.42 10 6 mm 4
12
12
h
c = = 25mm
2
I
10.42 10 6
M = f t = 0.55 2.2
10 6 = 0.5kN .m > M u = 0.19kN .m
c
25
I=
muxkat;RKb;RKan;
245
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
50
ersIusg;m:Um:g;ebs;sabFMCagm:Um:g;Gnuvtn_ dUcenHrnUtmannaTICamuxkat;ctuekaNEkgEdlmanTTwg
b = 600 mm nigkm<s;nbkrgkarsgt;smmUl a KWtUcCagkRmas;kRmalxN 50mm .
a
2
M n = As f y d = As f y (d
As f y
1.7 f ' c b
As 400
1.7 28 600
As = 297mm 2
297 400
= 8.32mm < 50mm
a=
0.85 28 600
BinitemIl
=
297
= 0.018 < max = 0.019
600 272
kmaMgkat;TTwgemKuNenAcmay d BITRmKW
Vu = 6.35 (3 0.272) = 17.3kN < Vc = 25.2kN
T.Chhay
246
One-Way Slab
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kRmalxNmYyTis
247
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
X.
ssrrgkmaMgcMGkS
10>1> esckIepIm
ssrCaeRKOgbgMdsMxan;sRmab;RTnUvbnksgtc; MGkS ehIymanpleFobssrelIRCugxagEdltUc
CageK FMCag 3 . sRmab;sMNg;ebtugGarem: Fwm kRmal nigssrRtUv)ancak;kgeBlEtmYy (monolithic)
EdleFVI[manm:Um:g;xH manGMeBIelIssredaysarkarTb;enAxagcug. elIsBIenHeTot ssrsRmab;GaKar
eRcInCan; kartRmg;ssrtamTisQr minGaceFVIeTA)an\texaHenaHeT EdlbegIt[mankmaMgcakpiteday
eFobeTA nwgGkSssr. kmaMgcakpitbegIt[manm:Um:g;elIssr. dUcenH ssrEdlrgnUvbnktamGkSsuTmin
GacekItmanenAkgsMNg;ebtugGarem:eT. EteKGacsnt;fa ssrrgkmaMgcMGkS kalNavamancgaycakpit
e tUc EdlmantmRbEhl 0.1h . h CaCeRmAsrubrbs;ssr nig e CacgaycakpitBIGkSssr. edayeb
tugmanersIusg;sgt;x<s; ehIyvaCasmarEdlmantmminf dUcenHvaRtUv)aneKeRbIedIm,IKNnasRmab;eRKOg
bgMrgkmaMgsgt; edaymanlkNesdkicx<s;.
10>2> RbePTssr
ssrRtUv)anEbgEckedayQrelIeKalkarN_epSgdUcxageRkam
i. QrelIeKalkarN_bnk ssrcat;cMNat;fak;dUcxageRkam
+ ssrrgbnkcMGkS EdlbnkRtUv)ansnt;manGMeBIenAcMGkSnmuxkat;ssr
+ ssrrgbnkcakpit EdlbnkmanGMeBIenAcgay e BIGkSnmuxkat;ssr. cgay e GacsitenA
tamGkS x b GkS y EdlbegIt)anCam:Um:g;tamGkS x b GkS y .
+ ssrrgbnkcakpitBIrTis EdlbnkRtUv)anGnuvtenAcMNucNamYynmuxkat;ssr ehIyEdl
begIt)anCam:Um:g;tamGkS x nigGkS y .
ii. QrelIeKalkarN_RbEvgssrcat;cMNat;fak;dUcxageRkam
+ ssrxI Edlssr)ak;edaykarEbkebtug bEdkeFVIkardl;cMnuc yield eRkamlTPaBRTRTg;bnk
eBjrbs;ssr
+ ssrEvg EdlkarPat; nigPaBrlas;RtUv)anykmkBicarNa dUcenHlTPaBRTRTg;bnkrbs;ssr
RtUv)ankat;bnyebIeFobnwgssrxI
iii. QrelIeKalkarN_rUbragnmuxkat; muxkat;ssrGacmanragCa kaer ctuekaNEkg mUl >>>> brUbrag
cg;)anNamYy.
iv. QrelIeKalkarN_EdkkgTTwg ssrRtUv)anEbgEckCa
T.Chhay
248
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
ssrrgkmaMgcMGkS
249
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
10>3> kareFVIkarrbs;ssrrgbnkcMGkS
enAeBlEdlbnkmanGMeBIcMGkSnssrxIebtugGarem: ebtugRtUv)anBicarNa[eFVIkarCalkNeGLa
sic enAeBlEdlvargnUvkugRtaMgTabEdlmantmRbEhl f ' . RbsinebIbnkEdlmanGMeBIenAelIssrxit
eTArkersIusg;Gtibrmarbs;va enaHebtugxiteTArkersIusg;Gtibrma ehIyEdkkxiteTArkersIusg; yield f .
lTPaBRTRTg;bnkcugeRkaymFmrbs;ssr GacsresrdUcxageRkam
1
3
st
An = Ag Ast
Camuxkat;rgGMeBI
kar)ak;rbs;ssr ekIteLIgBIrRbePTepSgKa GaRsyeTAnwgkareRbIR)as;Edkkg nigEdkkgvN.
sRmab;ssrEdkkg ebtug)ak;edaypHEbkpat;ecjeRkA EdkembBar)ak;edayPat;ecjcenaHEdkkg dUcenH
ssr)ak;ekIteLIgPam. sRmab;ssrEdkkgvN)ak;edaymankarbgajnUvrMhUr EdlekItmannUvkMhUcRTg;
RTayEdlGacKit)an munnwgkar)ak;eBjelj.
Ag
250
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
- PaKryKitCamaDnEdkkgvNelImaDrbs;slssr RtUv)ankMNt;
s
A
f'
s = 0.45( g 1) c
Ac
f yt
Edl
Ag
Ac
f yt
ssrrgkmaMgcMGkS
muxkat;ssr
muxkat;ssrKitRtwmEpkxageRkAEdkkgvN
ersIusg;Edkkg
251
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
min 16d
b
st
st
st
st
Edl = 0.65 nig k = 0.8 sRmab;ssrEdlmanEdkkgdac; nig = 0.7 nig k = 0.85 sRmab;
ssrEdlmanEdkkgvN.
smIkarxagelIRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IKNnalTPaBRTRTg;rbs;ssrrgbnkcMGkS.
RbsinebIpleFobEdk = AA enaHsmIkarxagelIkayeTACa
st
T.Chhay
252
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
10>6> kmaMgTajcMGkS
ebtugnwgminmansameRbHeT ebIvargnUvkugRtaMgEdlmantmTabCagersIusg;rgkarTajrbs;va kg
krNIenH TaMgebtug nigEdkTb;nwgkugRtaMgTaj. b:uEnenAeBlEdl kmaMgTajmantmFMCagersIusg;rgkar
Tajrbs;va RbEhl 101 nersIusg;rgkarsgt;rbs;ebtug sameRbH)anekItmanenAelImuxkat;ebtug ehIy
kmaMgTajTaMgGs; RtUvTb;Tl;edayEdk. bnkFmtaEdlGgt;TTYl)anKWCaersIusg;Tajrbs;Edk
Tn = Ast f y
Tu = Ast f y
sRmab;karTajcMGkS
sRmab;Ggt;EdlrgkarTaj ebtugeRbH ehIyr)arEdkrgnUvbnkTajTaMgGs; ebtugmantYnaTICaGk
karBarePIg nigERcHsIuEdk. sRmab;GagskTwk eKRtUvykcitTukdak;eTAelIebtug edaymin[vamansameRbH
eRkamGMeBInkmaMgTajEdlbNalmkBIsm<aFTwk.
]TahrN_10>1 KNnassrxImuxkat;ctuekaNEdlmanEdkkgdac; edIm,IRTbnkemKuNcMpit
P = 1765kN . edayeRbI f ' = 30MPa / f = 400MPa / TTwgssr b = 30cm nigPaKryEdk = 2% .
dMeNaHRsay
bnkemKuNEdlssrGacssrGacRT)an
= 0.9
kMNt;muxkat;ssr
Ag =
Pu
0.65 0.8 [0.85 f 'c + g ( f y 0.85 f 'c )]
Ag =
= 2%
1765 10
= 102887 mm 2
0.65 0.8 [0.85 30 + 0.02(400 0.85 30)]
3
eday b = 30cm
a=
102887
= 343mm
300
ssrrgkmaMgcMGkS
253
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
RtYtBinitbnkKNnaEdlssrGacRT)an
Pu = 0.65 0.8[0.85 f 'c ( Ag Ast ) + Ast f y ]
Pu = 0.65 0.8[0.85 30 (105000 2280) + 2280 400] 103 = 1836kN > 1765kN
OK !
ykEdkkgmanGgt;pit 10mm
KMlatEdkkg
48
48 10
480
T.Chhay
254
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
XI.
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
11>1> esckIepIm
eRKOgbgMbBarCaEpkmYyrbs;eRKagsMNg; EdlrgkmagM sgt; nigm:Um:g;. kmaMgTaMgenH )anBIkmaMg
xageRkAdUcCa bnkefr bnkGefr nigbnkxl;. kmaMgRtUv)ankMNt;eday karKNnaedayd bedaykMuBTr
EdlQrelIeKalkarN_saTic nigviPaKeRKOgbgM (structural analysis). Ca]TahrN_ sRmab;rUb (1) bgaj
faeRKagQrelITRm hinged BIr EdlrgbnkemKuNBRgayesIenAelIGgt; BC. daRkamm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)anKUr
enAEpkxagTaj. kMNat;ssr AB nig CD rgnUvkmaMgsgt; nigm:Um:g;Bt;. pleFobrvagm:Um:g;Bt; nigkmaMg
sgt;RtUv)an[eQaHfa cmaycakpit e Edl e = MP . e CacmayBITIRbCMuTmn;)asic(plastic centroid) n
muxkat;eTAcMNucnbnkmanGMeBI. TIRbCMuTmn;)asic (plastic centroid) RtUv)anTTYledaykarkMNt;TItaMg
kmaMgpbbegItedaysrsEdk nigebtugedaysnt;kugRtaMgsgt;sRmab;Edk f nigkugRtaMgsgt;sRmab;
ebtug 0.85 f ' . sRmab;muxkat;sIuemRTI TIRbCMuTmn;)asic (plastic centroid) RtYtsIuKaCamYyTIRbCMuTmn;rbs;
muxkat;. sRmab;muxkat;minsIuemRTI TIRbCMuTmn;)asic (plastic centroid) RtUv)ankMNt;edayeRbIm:Um:g;eFob
nwgGkS arbitrary axis.
n
nig
f y = 400 MPa
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
255
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Fs1 = As1 f y = 4
282
400 = 985.2kN
4
282
Fs 2 = As 2 f y = 2
400 = 492.6kN
4
#> kMNt;m:Um:g;eFob A A
x=
s2
11>2> karsnt;sRmab;KNnassr
GaRsytam ACI Code EdnkMNt;sRmab;karKNnassrkMNt;dUcxageRkam
!> bERmbRmYlrageFob (strain) enAkgebtug nigEdk RtUvsmamaRteTAnwgcmayBIGkSNWt.
T.Chhay
256
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
0.85
f ' 28
1 = 0.85 0.05( c
)
7
0.65
f 'c 28MPa
n max
n max
n max
n max
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
257
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
rUbTI3 a daRkamGnrkmbnk-m:Um:g;
$> Tension failure: CakrNIekItmanenAxNEdl bnktamGkStUc nigcMNakpitFM ehIyEdlman
m:Um:g;FM. muneBl)ak; kugRtaMgTajekItmanenAelIEpkdFMnmuxkat; bNal[EdkrgkarTaj yield muneBl
ebtugEbk. enAeBl)ak; bERmbRmYlrageFobrbs;EdkrgkarTajmantmFMCagbERmbRmYlrageFob yield
ehIybERmbRmYlrageFobenAkgebtugesI 0.003 . krNIenHekItmanBI Balanced condition eTAdl;
pure flexure P < P nig e > e .
%> Pure flexure: muxkat;kgkrNIenHrgm:Um:g;Bt; M Edl P = 0 . kar)ak;dUcKanwg kar)ak;rbs;
FwmrgkarBt;. cMNakpitRtUv)ansnt;fa Gnn.
y
T.Chhay
258
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
259
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
U = 1 .2 D + 1 .6 L
U = 1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.8W
U = 1.2 D + 1.0 L + 1.6W
U = 0.9 D + 1.6W
bnSMbnkemKuNEdlmantmsFMCageKRtUv)anykmkeRbIR)as;sRmab;karKNna.
@> emKuNkat;bnyersIusg; eRbIsRmab;KNnassrGaRsyeTAnwgkrNIxageRkam
k> enAeBl P = P 0.1 f ' A eBlenaH = 0.65 sRmab;ssrEdkkgdac; (tie
column) ehIy = 0.7 sRmab;muxkat;ssrEdlmanEdkkgdUcrWusr (spirally reinforced column) .
krNIenHssrRtUv)anrMBwgfa)ak;edaykarsgt;.
u
rUbTI4 tmemKuN
x> muxkat;EdlbERmbRmYlrageFobrgkarTajsuT (net tensile strain) sRmab;ersIusg;
Fmta (nominal strength) enAkgEdkrgkarTajeRkAeKbMput KWsitenAcenaH 0.005 nig 0.002 (transition
region) ERbRbYlCalkNbnat;cenaH 0.9 nig 0.65 b 0.7 .
sRmab;muxkat;EdlmanEdkkgdUcrWusr spiral section
1
200
5
(11-1)
= 0.7 + ( 0.002)(
) b = 0.7 + 0.2
c/d 3
3
t
sRmab;muxkat;epSgeTot
T.Chhay
260
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
= 0.65 + ( t 0.002)(
250
)
3
5
3
(11-2)
cb (balanced)
=
d
eday E
Cb =
0.003
0.003 +
(11-3)
fy
Es
= 200000MPa
600d
600 + f y
261
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
600
d
ab = 1cb =
600 + f 1
y
0.85
f ' 28
)
1 = 0.85 0.05( c
7
0.65
Edl
(11-4)
f 'c 28MPa
Edl
nig T = A f
Cc = 0.85 f 'c ab
(11-5)
enAeBlEdlEdkrgkarsgt;eFVIkardl; yield
c d'
f ' = 600
f pymkvij
c
f 's = f y
s
(11-6)
a
d " ) + C s (d d ' d " ) + Td "
2
a
Pb eb = 0.85 f 'c ab(d d " ) + A' ( f 's 0.85 f 'c )(d d ' d " ) + As f y d "
2
Pb eb = Cc (d
(11-7)
b
cMNakpit balanced eccentricity
eb =
(11-8)
Mb
Pb
(11-9)
dMeNaHRsay
T.Chhay
400
= 0.002
200000
262
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
@> TItaMgGkSNWt
cb =
600
d = 0.6 500 = 300mm
600 + f y
0.003
c d ' 300 50
=
c
300
dUcenHEdkrgkarsgt; yield
c d"
f 's = 600
fy
c
300 50
f 's = 600
= 500MPa > 400 MPa
300
bRtYtBinittam
263
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
a
Pn e'Cc (d ) Cs (d d ' ) = 0
2
Edl
b
Pn =
e' = e + d "
e' = e + d
d " CacmayBITIRbCMuTmn;)asiceTATIRbCMuTmn;rbs;EdkrgkarTaj
sRmab;muxkat;ssrEdlmanEdksIuemRTI
1
a
Cc ( d ) + C s ( d d ' )
2
e'
Kitm:Um:g;Rtg; C
T.Chhay
h
2
(11-11)
(11-12)
264
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
a
a
a
Pn e'(d ) T (d ) C s ( d ' ) = 0
2
2
2
a
a
T (d ) + Cs ( d ' )
2
2
Pn =
a
(e'+ d )
2
f s = f 's = f y
(11-13)
(11-14)
enaH
As f y (d d ' ) As f y (d d ' )
=
a
h a
e'+ d
e +
2
2 2
h a
Pn (e + )
2 2
As = A's =
f y (d d ' )
Pn =
(11-15)
(11-16)
a
Pn e' = Cc (d ) + Cs (d d ' )
2
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
265
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Cc + C s T =
1
a
Cc ( d ) + C s ( d d ' )
e'
2
Aa 2 + Ba + C = 0
Edl
A = 0.425 f 'c b
B = 0.85 f 'c b(e'd ) = 2 A(e'd )
C = A's ( f 's 0.85 f 'c )(e'd + d ' ) As f y e'
a=
B B 2 4 AC
2A
spiral section
nig = 0.65 + (
0.002)(
250
)
3
5
3
sRmab;muxkat;epSgeTot
RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;KNnarkemKuNkat;bnyersIusg; .
]TahrN_11>3 kMNt; nominal compressive strength P sRmab;muxkat;Edl[dUckgrUbxageRkam
RbsinebI e = 500mm .
n
dMeNaHRsay
!> eday e = 500mm > d = 485mm snt;famuxkat;)ak;kglkxN tension failure condion controls
T.Chhay
266
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
28 2
(400 0.85 27) = 928.68kN
4
T = As f y = 28 2 400 = 985.2kN
#> Kitm:Um:g;Rtg; A
Pn =
1
a
Cc ( d ) + C s ( d d ' )
2
e'
710
2
267
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
172.74
= 203.22mm
0.85
203.22 65
400
's =
0.003 = 0.00204 > y =
= 0.002
203.22
200000
c=
dUcenHEdksgt; yield
485 203.22
0.003 = 0.00416 > y
203.22
s =
250
= 0.83
3
Pn = 0.83 1330.58 = 1104.38kN
M n = 0.83 665.29 = 552.19kN .m
= 0.65 + ( t 0.002)
T.Chhay
268
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
cb =
600d t
600 + f y
(11-3)
Pn = Cc + Cs T
(11-10)
a
Pn e' = Cc (d ) + Cs (d d ' )
2
Edl
b
(11-11)
kgkrNITUeTA
h
e' = e + d enAeBl A = A'
2
e' = e + d "
Cc = 0.85 f 'c ab
Cs = A's ( f 's 0.85 f 'c )
T = As f s
f 's = f y
d c
f s = s Es = 600 t
fy
c
n1
n2
n1
n2
n1
n2
n1
n1
n2
n2
n2
c d'
f s = 600
fy
c
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
269
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
(> sRmab; compression controlled section CaTUeTA net tensile strain enAkgmuxkat;tUcCag
0.002 . dUcenH emKuNkat;bnyersIusg; = 0.65 b 0.70 sRmab;ssrEdleRbIEdkkgvN.
t
cb =
600 500
600d t
=
= 300mm
600 + f y 600 + 400
@> BIsmIkarlMnwg
Pn = Cc + Cs T
Edl
(11-10)
#> Kitm:Um:g;Rtg; A
Pn =
a
1
Cc ( d ) + C s ( d d ' )
e'
2
(11-11)
1
a
479
2
T.Chhay
270
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
= 300mm
CMnYstm a eTAkgsmIkarkgCMhanTIBIrxagelIeyIg)an
Pn1 = 8.38 290.7 0.0084 290.7 2 + 872.57 = 2598.78kN
500 342
600 = 277.19 MPa
342
f
277.19
s = t = s =
= 0.00139
Es 200000
fs =
f s = 277.19 MPa
eTAkgsmIkarCMhanTImYyedIm,IKNna P
n2
n2
342 50
0.003 = 0.00256 > y = 0.002
342
n1
d t = d = 500mm
c = 342mm
500 342
= 0.003
= 0.00139 < 0.002
342
enAnIv:UedkrgkarTaj
n2
enaH = 0.65
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
271
(11-10)
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Kitm:Um:g;Rtg;EdkTaj A
Pn =
a
a
1
1
2
2
e'
e'
(11-11)
BIdaRkam strain
d c
s = t
0.003 =
c
(d
)
0.003
kugRtaMgenAkgEdkTajKW
f s = s Es = 200000 s =
600
( 1d a )
a
0.85 f 'c b 3
2
a + [0.85 f 'c b(e' d )]a + [ A's ( f y 0.85 f 'c )(e'd + d ' ) + 600 As e' ]a 600 As e' 1d = 0
c
enHCasmIkardWeRkTI3 EdlmanTRmg; Aa
Edl A = 0.852f ' b
+ Ba 2 + Ca + D = 0
f ( ao )
a1 = ao
f ' ( ao )
f (a1 )
a2 = a1
f ' (a1 )
T.Chhay
272
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
n 1
f (a)
@> KNnaedrIevTI1
f ' (a ) = 12048.75a 2 337365a + 734800328.08
#> [ a
= ab = 255mm
a1 = 255
= 300mm
nig a
= 255mm
f (255)
= 295.39
f ' (255)
$> nigKNna a
2
a2 = 295.39
f (295.39)
= 292.4mm
f ' (295.39)
A's f y
bhf 'c
+
3he
e
+ 1.18
+ 0.5
2
d
(d d ' )
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
(11-17)
273
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
smIkarxagelIenHGaceRbIeTA)ansRmab;EtssrEdlmansrsEdksIuemRTIteRmobEtmYyRsTab;
ehIyRsbeTAnwgGkSnkarBt;.
smIkar approximate TI2 RtUv)anesIeLIgeday Hsu
1. 5
Pn Pb M n
+
Po Pb M o
Edl
= 1.0
Pb , M b nominal load
(11-18)
nmuxkat;ssr
Ast ) + Ast f y
st
dMeNaHRsay
350 550 27
2463 400
+
= 2745.15kN
3 550 254
254
1
.
18
+
+
0
.
5
500 2
450
st
st
Po = 6275.22kN
K>
T.Chhay
Pn 1991 .8
0254 Pn
+
1 .5
=1
Members in Compression and Bending
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Tic.
11>9> ]TahrN_sRmab;daRkamGnrkm (Interaction Diagram Example)
enAkg]TahrN_TI11>2 bnk balanced load P , M nig e RtUv)anKNnasRmab;muxkat;dUckgrUb
TI6 e = 368mm . dUcKa enAkg]TahrN_TI3 nigTI4 load capacity sRmab;muxkat;dUcKaRtUv)anKNna
sRmab;krNIenAeBl e = 500mm tension failure nigenAeBl e = 254mm compression failure.
tmTaMgenHnwgRtUvbgajenAkgtaragTI1.
edIm,IKUrdaRkamGnrkmrvagbnk nigm:Um:g; tmepSgn P nig M RtUv)anKNnasRmab;tm
e epSg Edl e ERbRbYlBI e = 0 eTA e = Gtibrma sRmab;krNIm:Um:g;Bt;suT pure moment enAeBl
P = 0 . daRkamGnrkmrvagbnk nigm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgajkgrUbTI11. bnk P = 4078.90kN Cabnk
cMGkStamRTwsI enAeBl e = 0 . Et ACI Code GnuBaatbnkGb,brmaRtwmEt 0.8P = 3263.12kN Edl
b
no
no
taragTI1taragKNnasegb
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
rUbTI11daRkamGnrkmrvagbnk nigm:Um:g;
275
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
ss
Pn = Cc + Cs T
(11-10a)
rUbTI12 EdkxagenAkgmuxkat;ctuekaNEkg
f 'c = 28MPa
T.Chhay
nig
f y = 400 MPa
276
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
550mm
= 4021.24mm 2 (5DB32 )
/ nigEdkxag
600
d = 600 485 = 291mm
cb =
600 + f t 600 + 400
y
enAnIv:U 65mm
c d'
291 65
f 's1 = 600
= 600
= 466MPa > 400MPa
c
291
dUcenH
f 's = 400MPa
enAnIv:U 170mm
c d'
291 170
f 's 2 = 600
= 600
= 249.48MPa
c
291
32 2
(249.48 0.85 28) = 363kN
Cs 2 = 2
4
enAnIv:U 275mm
c d'
291 275
f 's 3 = 600
= 600
= 32.99MPa
c
291
32 2
(32.99 0.85 28) = 14.78kN
Cs 3 = 2
4
380 291
0.003 = 917.53 10 6
291
32 2
4
(183.5) = 295.16kN
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
277
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
3> KNna
NPIC
Pb = Cc + C s T
4> KNnam:Um:g;Rtg;TIRbCMuTmn;)asic
M b = 3237.81 151.325 + 1512.79 210 + 363 105 + 295.16 105 + 1608.5 210
M b = 1214.54kN .m
M
1214.54
eb = b =
= 0.377m
Pb 3224.72
= y = 0.002 = 0.65
278
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dUcKanwgkrNI balanced
f s1 = 400 MPa
nig
f s 2 = 344.68MPa
f s 3 = 186.98MPa
f s 4 = 29.29MPa
f s 5 = 128.41MPa
3> KNna
Cs1 = 1512.79kN
nig
nig
nig
nig
Cs 2 = 516.13kN
Cs 3 = 262.48kN
Cs 4 = 8.83kN
T = 516.37kN
Pn = Cc + Cs T = 6228.96kN
2
e'
550
h
= 362mm
e' = e + d = 152 + 485
2
2
Pn =
s = 105mm
339.58
362
+ 262.48(485 65 2 105) + 8.83(485 65 3 105)
Pn = 6230kN
5> KNna
d t = d = 485mm
c = 399.5mm
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
279
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
y =
fy
Es
cb
0.003
600
=
=
dt 0.003 + y 600 + f y
cb =
600
329.34 = 197.6mm
600 + 400
ab = 167.96mm
280
(-19)
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
TItaMgTIRbCMuTmn; x BITIRbCMuTmn; 0
2 (r sin 3 )
x=
(-20)
3 sin cos
Z =rx
r cos = (r a )
(-21)
a
cos = 1
r
(-22)
167.96
cos = 1
= 0.16
200
/
nig = 1.41rad
RkLapceRmokrgVg; = 2002 (1.41 0.16 0.987)
= 80.79o sin = 0.987
= 50083.2mm 2
200 0.987 3
2
x =
= 102.39mm
3 (1.41 0.987 0.16 )
Z = 200 102.39 = 97.61mm
4> kMNt;kmaMgsgt; Cc
Cc = 0.85 f 'c RkLapceRmokrgVg;
= 0.85 28 50083.2 = 1192kN
282
4
f s = f y = 400MPa
400 = 492.6kN
sRmab; T2
s3 =
55.98
y = 8.5 10 4
131.74
282
4
170 = 209.36kN
sRmab; Cs1
s1 =
126.94
0.003 = 1.93 103
197.6
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
281
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
Cs1 = 2
T.Chhay
NPIC
282
(386 0.85 28) = 446.05kN
4
282
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
sRmab; Cs2
s2 =
51.18
0.003 = 7.77 10 4
197.6
282
(155.4 0.85 28) = 162.07kN
4
M b = 171.18kN .m
eb =
263.36
= 239.8mm
1098.16
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
283
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
11>11>2 ersIusg;rbs;muxkat;mUlsRmab;kar)ak;edaykarsgt;
Strength of circular column for compression failure
Pn = 1653.97kN
Edl
T.Chhay
Ag f ' c
9.6he
+ 1.18
2
(0.8h + 0.67 Ds )
Ast f y
3e
+ 1
Ds
(11-23)
284
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Ggt;pitmuxkat;ssrEdlvas;BITIRbCMuTmn;EdkmageTATIRbCMuTmn;EdkmageTot
Ast = RkLapmuxkat;EdkbBar
e = cMNakpitEdlvas;BITIRbCMuTmn;)asic
Ds =
dMeNaHRsay
Ag =
h2 =
400 2 = 125663.7 mm 2
28 2
4
= 4926mm 2
125663.7 28
2
(0.8 400 + 0.67 280 )
4926 400
= 1785.94kN
3 150
+ 1
280
kar)ak;edaykarTajsRmab;ssrmUlenAeBlbnkRtUv)anGnuvtn_enARtg;cMNakpit e > eb b
Pn < Pb . enAkgkrNIenH muxkat;ssrGacRtUv)anviPaKtamCMhandUckarviPaKmuxkat; balanced nigdUc
kg]TahrN_TI8. karviPaKRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedaysnt; C < Cb b a < ab rYcehIyGnuvttamCMhanBnl;
kgkfaxN11>1. cMNaMfa edaysarEtsrsrEdkRtUv)anteRmobedaymancenaHefrtambrimaRtmuxkat;
rgVg; enaHEdkTaj As Edlpl;[GacmantmtUc ehIylTPaBRTbnkkkayCamantmtUc. dUcenH eK)an
ENnaM[eCosvagkareRbIR)as;muxkat;mUlsRmab;krNIkar)ak;edaykarTaj tension failure.
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
285
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
]TahrN_11 kMNt;srsrEdkcaM)ac;sRmab;ssr
dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 18 a
edIm,IRTnUvbnkemKuN 2150kN nigm:Um:g;emKuN 440kN.m . ssrmanTTwg 350mm nigbeNaysrub
h = 500mm . eRbI f 'c = 28MPa / f y = 400MPa .
short tied column
dMeNaHRsay
440
1> cMNakpit e = MP u = 2150
= 204.65mm
u
yk d = 500 60 = 440mm
380
h = 500 120 = 380mm enaH =
= 0.76
500
2> eday e = 204.65 < d snt;famuxkat;)ak;edaykarsgt; (compression-controlled section)
CamYynwg = 0.65
2150
= 3307.7 kN
0.65
440
Mn =
= 676.9kN .m
0.65
Pn
3307.7 10 3
= 0.675
Kn =
=
f ' c Ag 28 350 500
Pn =
nig
e
204.65
Rn = K n = 0.675
= 0.276
h
500
T.Chhay
286
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
287
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
288
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
289
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
290
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
f ' c = 35MPa
dMeNaHRsay
A.
nig
f y = 400 MPa
B.
480
nigEdk sgt;. = 600
= 0.8 ehIy
eday e < d / snt;vaCa compression-controlled section.
yk t = 0.002 / ff s = 1.0 ehIy = 0.65 BItaragkgrUbTI 17 eKTTYl)an
y
K n = 0.36 =
Pn
35 600 350
dUcenH Pn = 2646kN
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
291
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
C.
D.
NPIC
e
= 0.183
h
= 0.03
K n = 0.43
292
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
A' s f y
bhf 'c
+
Pn =
3he
e
+ 1.18
+ 0.5
2
(d d ' )
d
edayeRbI
taragTI2 tmrbs; K f
c
g (% )
1%
4%
8%
= 400 MPa
Kc
f 'c (28MPa)
24817
37574
54675
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
f 'c (35MPa)
30246
43003
60103
293
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
K c ( kN/m )
69000
64000
59000
54000
49000
44000
39000
f'c=28MPa
f'c=35MPa
f'c=42MPa
34000
29000
24000
1
8
g (%)
rUbTI19 tm K c nig g
tm K c RtUv)anbgajkgtaragTI2 CatmRbhak;RbEhl niggayRsYleRbIedaysar K c ekIneLIg
mg 5429 sRmab;karekIneLIgrbs; f 'c mg 7 . sRmab;muxkat;dUcKa enAeBlEdlcMNakpit e = MP u ekIn
u
eLIg Pn fycuH dUcenH K c fycuH. dUcenH tm K c sMEdgbnk Pn enAelIdaRkamGnrkmcenaH 0.8Pno nig
Pb dUcbgajkgrUbTI 3 nigTI 11.
Linear interpolation GacRtUv)aneRbI. ]TahrN_ K c = 46124.5 sRmab; g = 6% nig
f 'c = 28MPa . CMhankgkarKNnamuxkat;ssrGacRtUv)ansegbdUcxageRkam
1> snt;muxkat;dMbUgsRmab;muxkat;ssr bh
2> KNna K c = (bhPu 2 )
3> kMNt; g BItaragTI 2 sRmab; f 'c Edl[
4> kMNt; As = A's = g2bh rYceRCIserIsEdkbBar nigEdkkg.
5> kMNt; Pn nmuxkat;cugeRkaytamsmIkarsaTic dMeNaHRsayCak;lak;. tmn Pn KYrEt
mantmFMCagbesI Pu . RbsinebImindUecaHeT EktRmUv bh b g .
m:agvijeTot RbsinebIeKcg;)anPaKryEdksrubCak;lak; ]TahrN_ g = 6% bnab;mkGnuvtdUc
xageRkam
T.Chhay
294
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
f 'c = 28kN
nig
f y = 400 MPa
530
1> KNna e = MP u = 3470
= 152.74mm . eyIgman h = 600mm yk d = 550mm nig d ' = 50mm
u
A' s f y
bhf 'c
+
3he
e
+ 1.18
+ 0.5
2
(d d ' )
d
P 3470
Pn = u =
= 5338.5kN
0.65
(11-17)
sRmab;
A' s = 4271.8mm 2 = As
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
295
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
4825.5
3> g = 2400
= 4% EdlvaRtUvEttUcCag 0.08 nigFMCag 0.01
600
4> epgpat;muxkat;edaysmIkarsaTictamCMhannkarKNnakg]TahrN_TI4 eKTTYl)an
a = 430.18mm / c = 506.09mm / Cc = 4095.32kN
C s = 4825.5(400 0.85 28) = 1815.35kN
550 506.09
d c
f s = 600
= 52.06 MPa
= 600
506.09
c
T = As f s = 4825.5 52.06 = 251.21kN
Pn = Cc + C s T = 5659.5kN > 5338.5kN
eyIgTTYl)an Pn = 5659kN
6> sRmab;muxkat; balanced section
600
cb =
600 + f y
1000
kN
4> BItaragTI 2 brUbTI19 sRmab; K c = 37073 mm
f 'c = 28MPa eday interpolation
3
1
eyIgTTYl)an g = 1 + (37073 24817) 375744 24817
= 3.88%
T.Chhay
296
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
]TahrN_15 KNnamuxkat;ssrctuekaNEkgedIm,IRTbnk P
nig M u = 630kN .m
= 400MPa nig b = 450mm .
= 3150kN
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
297
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
h a
Pn e +
2 2
As = A' s =
f y (d d ')
(11-16)
Pu (e 0.5h + 0.2d )
f y (d d ' )
(11-25)
muxkat;ssrcugeRkayKYrRtUv)anepgpat;edaysmIkarsaTicedIm,Ibgajfa P
TI16 Bnl;BIviFIsaRskgkarKNnaenH.
T.Chhay
298
Pu
. ]TahrN_
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
]TahrN_16 kMNt;srsrEdkcaM)ac;sRmab;ssrragctuekaNEkg
FmtaRTbnk P
= 1140kN
nig M
= 850kN .m
. eRbI
nig
f ' c = 28MPa
400 560
EdlmanEdkkg
f y = 400 MPa
dMeNaHRsay
1> KNna e = MP
850
= 0.7456m
1140
As = A' s =
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
299
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
d.
e.
5> KNna = 0.003 d c c = 0.0055 edaysarEt = 0.0055 > 0.005 enaH = 0.9
T.Chhay
300
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
301
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
302
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
11>15> ssrmUlCamYynwgkarrayEdkesIeRkamm:Um:g;Bt;BIrTis
Circular Columns With Uniform reinforcement Under Biaxial Bending
ssrmUlCamYynwgkarrayEdkEdlmanlkNksNan manlTPaBTb;nwgm:Um:g;dUcKaRKb;Tis. Rb
sinssrmUlRbQmnwgm:Um:g;BIrTisCMuvijGkS x nigGkS y enaHm:Um:g;mYyTissmmUl M u GacRtUv)anKNna
edayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam
Mu =
nig e =
Edl
(M ux )2 + (M uy )2
(e x )2 + (e y )2
= Pu e
(11-26)
Mu
Pu
(11-27)
m:Um:g;emKuNCMuvijGkS x
M uy = Pu e x m:Um:g;emKuNCMuvijGkS y
M u = Pu e m:Um:g;emKuNmYyTissmmUlnmuxkat;EdlekIteday M ux nig M uy
sRmab;ssrmUl eKcaM)ac;eRbIEdky:agtic6edIm ehIyEdkTaMgenaHRtUv)anBRgayesIenAkgmuxkat;
enaH.
M ux = Pu e y
]TahrN_17 ssrmUl
C c = 2345.49kN
600
600
dt =
430.7 = 258.42mm
600 + 400
1000
c = 295mm > cb
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
303
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
1
1
1
1
=
+
(11-28)
1
1
1
1
=
+
(11-29)
Edl
= lTPaBRTbnkemKuNeRkamGMeBIm:Um:g;BIrTis
Pux = lTPaBRTbnkemKuNtamGkSmYyenAeBlbnkeFVIGMeBIenAcMNakpit e nig e x = 0
Puy = lTPaBRTbnkemKuNtamGkSmYyenAeBlbnkeFVIGMeBIenAcMNakpit e x nig e y = 0
Puo = bnkcMpitemKuNenAeBlEdl e y = e x = 0
Pu
Pn =
Pu
Pnx =
Pux
Pny =
Puy
Pno =
Puo
M ux M uy
+
1.0
Mx
My
(11-30)
M nx M ny
+
1.0
M ox M oy
(11-31)
Edl
= m:Um:g;KNnaCMuvijGkS x
M uy = Pu e x = m:Um:g;KNnaCMuvijGkS y
M x nig M y = lTPaBTb;m:Um:g;CMuvijGkS x nigGkS y
M ux = Pu e y
M nx =
T.Chhay
M ux
M ny =
M uy
M ox =
Mx
304
M oy =
My
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
nx
M
M nx
+ ny
M
M ox
oy
ny
= 1.0
(11-32)
M
M nx
+ ny
M
M ox
oy
1.5
= 1.0
(11-33)
bTdanGg;eKs British Code )ansnt; = 1.0; 1.33; 1.67 nig 2.0 enAeBlEdlpleFob 1.1PP
esInwg 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 nig 0.8 erogKa.
u
uo
nx
ny
ox
nx
ox
nx
ny
ny
oy
ox
oy
oy
tm EdlmanenAkgrUbTI 27 bgajnUvEpkefrEdllTPaBTb;m:Um:g;tamTisnImYyGacRtUv)an
GnuBaati[GnuvtmkelImuxkat;ssrkgeBldMNalKa.
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
305
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M
M
M
M
ehIyenAeBl
ny
nx
ny
oy
ox
oy
M ny
M oy
<
M nx
M ox
enaH
M nx
M ox
nx
M 1
+ ny
M oy
Pn
Po
ox
= 1
(11-35)
oy
sRmab;
T.Chhay
(11-36)
(11-37)
nig
306
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
M oy M ny + 0.36M nx
(11-38)
M ox M nx + 0.8M ny
(11-39)
BIkarbgajenH eyIgeXIjfasmIkarsKsajEdlmanlkNpal;sRmab;KNnassreRkambnkcM
GkS nigm:Um:g;BIrTisminGaceFVIeTA)aneLIy. dUcenHGkKNnaKYrmanbTBiesaFn_RKb;RKan;edIm,IsannUvmuxkat;
dMbUgedayeRbInUvtm P / M nig M CamYynigsmIkarsRmab;mYyTis nigbnab;mkepgpat;PaBRKb;RKan;
rbs;muxkat;edayeRbIsmIkarsRmab;m:mU :g;BIrTis bedayeRbIkMuBTr.
]TahrN_18 ssrxIEdleRbIEdkkgFmtamanmuxkat; 400 600 CamYynwg 8DB32 BRgaydUc
bgajkgrUbTI 28. kMNt;bnkKNna design load P enAelImuxkat; RbsinebIvaeFVIGMeBIenA e = 205mm
nig e = 305mm . eRbI f ' = 35MPa / f y = 400MPa nig smIkar Bresler Reciprocal equation.
dMeNaHRsay
1> kMNt;lTPaBRTbnkmYyTis P tamGkS x enAeBl e = 305mm . kgkrNIenH b = 400mm nig
h = 600mm / d = 540mm / d '= 60mm nig A = A' = 2412.74mm .
dMeNaHRsayGaceFVIeTAtamCMhandUckg]TahrN_TI 2 nigTI4sRmab;lkxNmuxkat; balanced
condition nigmuxkat; compression-control condition.
a. sRmab; balanced condition
n
nx
ny
nx
600
d = 600 540 = 324mm
cb =
600 + f
600 + 400
y
= 0 .8
enAeBl
f 'c = 35MPa
dUcenH
T = As f y = 965.1kN
f 's = f y = 400MPa
Pbx = Cc + Cs T = 3012.7 kN
b.
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
307
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dUcenHvaCakrNI compression
dUckarsnidan.
d c
0.003 = 0.00188 < 0.002 = 0.65
c
t =
Pnx = 2046.74kN
c.
d "= 240mm
e' = 545mm
1
a
Pnx = Cc d + Cs (d d ') = 3148.80kN
e'
2
600
d = 600 340 = 204mm
cb =
600 + f
600 + 400
y
= 0 .8
enAeBl
f 'c = 35MPa
dUcenH
T = As f y = 965.1kN
f 's = f y = 400MPa
Pby = Cc + Cs T = 2841.34kN
T.Chhay
308
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dUcenHvaCakrNI compression
dUckarsnidan.
d c
0.003 = 0.0019 < 0.002 = 0.65
c
t =
Pny = 1906.1kN
c.
d "= 140mm
e' = 345mm
1
a
Pny = Cc d + Cs (d d ') = 2932.5kN
e'
2
Pno = 6189.4kN
= 0.8516
2046.74 1906.1 6189.4
Pu
P
Pu = 1174.3kN
Pn = u = 1806.6kN
0.65
nig
cMNaM
1> smIkarRbEhl approximate equation btaragExSekag ACI GacRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IkMNt; P nig
P . edaysarEtsmIkar Bresler pl;cUvdMeNaHRsayEdlmantmRbhak;RbEhl enaHeKKYr
EteRbIviFIsaRskgkaredaHRsayEdlmanlkNsuRkitdUcEdl)anGnuvtkg]TahrN_xagelIenH
edIm,IkMNt; P nig P . dMeNaHRsayRbhak;RbEhlCaeRcIn pl;nUvlTplminsuRkit. eKGac
rk)annUvkmviFIkMuBTrEdlQrelIeKalkarN_smIkarsaTic ehIyeKGaceRbIvaedIm,Iepgpat;nUv
lTplrbs;eyIg.
nx
ny
nx
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
ny
309
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
nx
nx
ny
uy
nx
ny
lTPaBTb;m:Um:g;rbs;muxkat;CMuvijGkS x
M oy = Pny ex = 2932.4 0.205 = 601.14kN .m
3> eday P Ca nominal design load enaH nominal design moment enAelImuxkat;CMuvijGkS x KW
n
T.Chhay
310
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
M nx = Pn e y = 0.305Pn
4> RtYtBinit MM
ny
>
oy
0.250 Pn 0.305Pn
>
601.14
960.4
M nx
M ox
b 3.4110
Pn > 3.17 10 4 Pn
dUcenHeRbIsmIkar (-34)
5>
=1
601.14
960.4 0.65
eyIgTTYl)an
Pn = 1953.125kN
Pu = Pn = 1269.5kN
( = 0.65)
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
311
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M
Pn Pb M nx
+
+ ny
M
Po Pb M bx
by
1.5
Edl
= 1.0
(11-40)
M nx
M bx
ny
by
(11-41)
b b
1. 5
Pn Pb M nx
Po Pb M bx
= 1.0
(11-42)
+
M
P
P
b
o
by
T.Chhay
=0
manEtm:Um:g;Bt;CMuvijGkS y
1. 5
= 1 .0
(11-43)
312
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
bx
Pn 1991.8
0.254 Pn
+
1.5
=1
EdlvamantmRbEhlnwg P EdlKNnaedaykarviPaK.
n
st
st
32 2
32 2
8) + 8
400 = 9522.18kN
4
4
2> KNna P nig M edayeRbIsmIkar (11-8) nig (11-9) tamGkS x nig y erogKa
A. tamGkS x
d = 540mm
b
600d t
600 540
cbx =
=
= 324mm
600 + f y 600 + 400
f 's = 400MPa
As = A's = 2412.74mm 2
M bx = 0.85 f 'c abx b d bx d "x + A's ( f y 0.85 f 'c )(d d 'd "x ) + As f y d "x
2
= 973.28kN .m
B.
tamGkS y
cby =
d t = 340mm
d " y = 140mm
As = A's = 2412.74mm 2
600d t
600 340
=
= 204mm
600 + f y 600 + 400
eRKOgbgMrgkarsgt; nigrgkarBt;
313
f 's = 400MPa
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Pby = 0.85 35 163.2 600 + 2421.74(400 0.85 35) 2412.74 400 = 2841.34kN
a
M by = 0.85 f 'c aby h d by d " y + A's ( f y 0.85 f 'c )(d d 'd " y ) + As f y d " y
2
= 605.09kN.m
tan =
M ny
M nx
Pbx Pby
90
Pn ex 205
=
= 0.672
Pn e y 305
= 33.9o
3012.7 2841.34
P
= o b o
o
90
90 33.9
Pb
90o
Pb = 106.8kN
Pbb = Pby + Pb = 2841.34 + 106.8 = 2948.14kN
0.205Pn
Pn 2948.14 0.305Pn
+
+
605.09
9522.18 2948.14 973.28
1.5
1.5
= 1.0
Pn + 0.0775Pn1.5 = 9522.18
bb
Pn 2948.14
0.305Pn
0.205Pn
+
+
9522.18 2948.14 973.28
605.09
1.5
1. 5
= 1.0
nig P = 1177.5kN
cMNaM ersIusg;RTbnk P rbs;ssrmuxkat;ctueekaNEdl)anKNnaedayeRbIsmIkar Bresler
reciplocal equation (11-18) viFI Parme method (11-19) nigviFI Hsu method (11-20) edIm,I
TTYl)an P = 1174.3kN / 1269.5kN nig 1177.5kN erogKa. eyIgeXIjfa viFI Parme
method pl;nUvtmFMCageKsRmab;]TahrN_enH.
Pn = 1811.5kN
T.Chhay
314
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
XII.
ssrEvg
12>1> esckIepIm
sRmab;karKNnassrxIEdl)anBnl;enAkgBIremeronxagedIm )ansnt;fa karPat; (buckling) kar
rYjxIeGLasic (elastic shortening) nigm:Um:g;TIBIr (secondary moment) EdlbNalmkBIPaBdabtamTTwg
(lateral deflection) man\TiBlCaGb,brmaeTAelIersIusg;cugeRkay (ultimate strength) rbs;ssr dUcenH
ktaTaMgenH minRtUv)anrab;bBaleTAkgdMeNIrkarnkarKNnaeT. b:uEn sRmab;ssrEvg ktaTaMgGs;enHRtUv
EtykmkBicarNa. RbEvgbEnmnwgbNal[mankarkat;bnyersIusg;rbs;ssr edayERbRbYlCamYynwg
km<s;RbsiTPaB nigTTwgrbs;muxkat; pleFobrlas; (slenderness ratio) niglkxNcugssr.
ssrEdlman slenderness ratio FMnwgkat;bnylTPaBRTRTg;rbs;ssry:agxaMg Et slenderness
tUcmannyfassrxI ehIykarkat;bnyersIusg;GacnwgminKYr[cab;GarmN_. pleFobrlas;
ratio
(slenderness ratio) KWCapleFobrvagkm<s;ssr l CamYynwgkaMniclPaB radius of gyration r Edl
r = I / A kgenaH I Cam:Um:g;niclPaBnmuxkat; moment of inertia of the section nig A CaRkLap
muxkat;.
sRmab;muxkat;ctuekaNEdlmanTTwg b nigkm<s; h rUbTI 1 I = bh / 12 nig A = bh dUcenH
r = 0.288h bedaytmRbEhl r = 0.3h . dUcKa I = b h / 12 nig r = 0.288b b r = 0.3b .
sRmab;ssrmUlCamYynwgGgt;pit D enaH I = I = D / 64 nig A = D / 4 dUcenH r = r = 0.25D .
CaTUeTA ssrGacRtUv)anBicarNa dUcteTA
1> EvgCamYynwg slenderness ratio FM RtUvkarRbBnBRgwg b shear wall.
2> EvgCamYynwg slenderness ratio lmEdlbg[mankarkat;bnyersIusg;ssr enaHRbBnBRgwg
GacnwgminRtUvkar Etkarkat;bnyersIusg;RtUvEtBicarNa.
3> xIEdl slenderness ratio tUcEdlbNal[mankarkat;bnyersuIsg;scesIg. kmaMgkat;Gac
RtUv)anecal dUcerobrab;BIemeronmun.
2
ssrEvg
315
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
316
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
rbs;ssr
(12-1)
EI / l rbs;Fwm
Edl l = RbEvgKitBIGkSeTAGkSntMNrbs;eRKag
l = RbEvgElVgKitBIGkSeTAGkSntMNrbs;eRKag
TaMgBIrsitenAkgbg;Bt;. emKuN enAxagcugKYrEtrYmbBalTaMgssr nigFwmEdlCYbKaenARtg;
tMN. sRmab;TRmsnak; hinged end KWGnn nigGacsnt;esI 10 . sRmab;TRmbgb; fixed end KWsUn
nigGacsnte; sI 1. tmsnt;TaMgenHGaceRbI)anedaysarEtenAkgeRKagbgMebtugGarem:Kansnak;Kankkit
l\texaH bTRmbgt;l\texaHenaHEdr.
dMeNIrkarrk K KWKNna sRmab;cugssr nig sRmab;Kl;ssr. dak; nig eTAkgda
Rkam alignment chart nrUbTI3 rYcPab;cMNucTaMgBIredaykat;ExSkNal EdlbgajBItm K . daRkam
BIrEdlmanlkNRsedogKaRtUv)anbgaj mYysRmab;eRKagBRgwg Edlkareyalxag (sidesway) RtUv)an
karBar nigmYyeTotsRmab;eRKagFmta Edlkareyalxag (sidesway) minRtUv)ankarBar. karbegItdaRkam
enHKWQrelIkarsnt;fa
- eRKagbgMpMeLIgedayeRKagctuekaNsIuemRTI
- m:Um:g;Bt;Fwm)anEckmkssredayTak;TgnwgPaBrwgRkajrbs;va
- ssrTaMgGs;TTYlnUvbnkFMenAeBlCamYyKa
edIm,ICMnYsnUvkareRbIdaRkam alignment chart EdlbgajkgrUbTI3 ACI Code Commentary )an
esInUvsmIkarsRmYldUcxageRkamsRmab;KNnaemKuNRbEvgRbsiTPaB K .
=
EI / lc
ssrEvg
317
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
(12-2)
(12-3)
min
K = 2 + 0.3
(12-6)
Edl CatmenAcugEdlmankarTb;.
kgeRKagCamYynwglkxNxageRkam
1> eRKagRtUv)anBRgwgedIm,ITb;nwgkareyalxag (sidesway) ehIy = 2.0 nig = 3.0 enAcug
xagelI nigxageRkamrbs;Ggt;.
2> eRKagminRtUv)anBRgwgedIm,ITb;nwgkareyalxag (sidesway) eT ehIy = 2.0 nig = 3.0 .
Ggt;RtUv)anbgb;enAcugsgag.
3> eRKagminRtUv)anBRgwgedIm,ITb;nwgkareyalxag (sidesway) eT ehIy = 0.0 TRmsnak; nig
= 3 .0 .
A
dMeNaHRsay
T.Chhay
318
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
ssrEvg
319
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
2> tmmFmrbs;
NPIC
= (2 + 3) / 2 = 2.5
. eday
>2
eRbIsmIkar (12-5)
T.Chhay
320
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
d =
ssrEvg
321
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Klu
12 M 1
34
r
M2
(12-7)
> M1
min
(12-8)
(12-9)
T.Chhay
322
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
(12-10)
(-11)
Edl Pu nig V CabnkbBarsrub nigkmaMgkat; erogKa ehIy PaBdabeFobdWeRkTImYy (firstorder relative deflection) rvagkMBUl nig)atrbs;Can;EdlbNalmkBI V . RbEvg l CaRbEvgrbs;Ggt;rg
karsgt;enAkgeRKagbgM edayvas;BIGkSeTAGkSrbs;tMNrenAkgeRKag.
CaTUeTA Ggt;rgkarsgt;GacrgnUgPaBdabTTwg lateral deflection EdlbNalmkBIm:Um:g;TIBIr
(secondary moment). RbsinebIm:Um:g;TIBIr M ' RtUv)anbEnmeTAelIm:Um:g;EdlGnuvtelIssr M enaHm:Um:g;
cugeRkayKW M = M + M ' . viFIRbEhl (approximate method) sRmab;kMNt;m:Um:g;cugeRkay M KWCakar
KuNm:Um:g; M edayemKuNEdleKehAfa emKuNbEnmm:Um:g; (magnifying moment factor) ehIyemKuNenH
RtUvEt FMCagbesInwg 1.0 . b M = M nig 1.0 . m:Um:g; M RtUv)anTTYlBIkarviPaKeRKageGLasic
us
us
max
ssrEvg
323
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
EI =
0.2 Ec I g + Es I se
(12-12)
1 + d
bsmIkarEdlsRmYlCag
EI =
0.4 Ec I g
EI = 0.25Ec I g
Edl
(12-13)
1 + d
sRmab;
d = 0.6
(-1214)
Ec = 4780 f 'c
Es = 2.1 105 MPa
m:Um:g;niclPaBnmuxkat;ebtugtamGkSNamYyEdleyIgBicarNaedayecal As
I se = m:Um:g;nicalPaBnmuxkat;EdkeFobGkSTIRbCMuTmn;rbs;muxkat;ebtug
Ig =
d =
1.2 D
(sustained)
maximum factored axial sustained load
=
1.2 D + 1.6 L
maximum factored axial load
cMNaMfa d xagelICapleFobEdlFab;KNnam:Um:g;bEnmenAkgssrEdlbNalmkBIbnk
sustained .
T.Chhay
324
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
2 EI
(12-15)
(Klu )2
0.4 M 1
0.4
M2
(12-16)
Cm
1.0
1 ( Pu / 0.75Pc )
(12-17)
(12-18)
325
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
1
1.0
1 ( Pu / 0.75 Pc )
(12-19)
M 2s
Ms
1 ( Pu / 0.75 Pc )
(12-20)
Edl M s Cam:Um:g;emKuNxagcugbNalmkBIbnkEdlbegItkareyalEdlTTYlyk)an.
6> KNnam:Um:g;cugbEnm M1 nig M 2 enAxagcugGgt;rgkarsgt;Etg dUcxageRkam
M 1 = M 1ns + s M 1s
M 2 = M 2ns + s M 2 s
(12-21)
(12-22)
(12-23)
35
Pu / f 'c Ag
(12-24)
35
Pu / f 'c Ag
(12-25)
326
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
sM s =
Ms
Ms
1 Q
(-26)
nigm:Um:g; M D = 157kN .m
EdlbNalmkBIbnkefr nigbnktamGkS PL = 490kN nigm:Um:g; M L = 126kN .m EdlbNalmkBIbnk
clt. ssrCaEpkrbs;eRKagBRgwg nigmankMeNageTaltamGkSem. RbEvgKanTRmrbs;ssrKW lc = 5.8m
ehIym:Um:g;enAcugTaMgsgagrbs;ssrmantmsIKa. epgpat;muxkat;ssredayeRbI f 'c = 28MPa nig
f y = 400MPa .
D
= 605kN
dMeNaHRsay
327
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
34 12
NPIC
M1
= 34 12 = 22
M2
m:Um:g;niclPaBKW
350(550)
= 4852.6 106 mm 4
12
3
Ig =
As = A's =
4 282
= 2463mm 2
4
550 120
6
4
I se = 2 2463
= 227.7 10 mm
2
pleFobm:Um:g;GefrKW
d =
C.
1.2 605
= 0.48
1510
PaBrwgRkajKW
EI =
0.2 Ec I g + Es I se
1 + d
0.2 25293.4 4852.6 106 + 2.1 105 227.7 106
= 48.9 1012 N .mm 2
1 + 0.48
4> KNna P
EI
2
Pc =
(Klu )2
2 48.9 1012
(5800) 2
= 14346.72kN
Cm = 0.6 + 0.4
M1
0.4
M2
Cm
1
=
= 1.16
1 ( Pu / 0.75Pc ) 1 [1510 /(0.75 14346.72]
KNna M
T.Chhay
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
696
KNnacMNakpit
e=
= 300mm
2323
8> kMNt;ersIusg; nominal load strength nmuxkat;edayeRbI e = 300mm edayeRbIsmIkar (11-4)
Pn = 8.33a + 926.58 2.46 f s
h
550
e' = e + d = 300 + 490
= 515mm
2
2
1
a
Pn =
8.33a 490 + 926.58(490 60 )
515
2
3 2
= 7.93a 8.1 10 a + 773.65
(I)
(II)
a = 267 mm
d t = 490mm
c = 314.12mm
dt c
0.003 = 0.00168 < 0.002
c
t =
dUcenH = 0.65
dMeNaHRsay
Klu 3000
=
= 18.2
r
165
epgpat; Kl
/ r = 34 12 M 1b / M 2b
34 12(1) = 22
Klu
= 18.2 < 22
r
eday
enaH \TiBlnPaBrlas;Gacecal)an.
ssrEvg
329
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
2 EI
(Klu )2
ns =
2 48.9 1012
(1.4 4850)2
= 10468.1kN
Cm
1
=
= 1.24
1510
Pu
1
0.75 10468.1
0.75 Pc
ns M n
Pn
744
= 320.3mm
2323
330
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Pn =
1
a
535.3
2
eyIgTTYl)an a = 259.86mm
dUcenH c = 305.7mm nig Pn = 2200kN . lTPaBRTbnkrbs;ssr Pn = 2200kN tUc
CagbnkEdlRtUvRT Pn = 2323kN . dUcenHmuxkat;minRKb;RKan;.
7> begInmuxkat;EdkBI 4DB28 eTA 4DB30 ehIyeFVIkarKNnaepgpat;eLIgvij enaHeyIg
TTYl)an Pn = 2335kN / t < 0.002 nig = 0.65 .
ssrEvg
331
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
sRmab;bnkTMnajEpndI nigbnkxl;
Pu = (1.2 D + 0.5L + 1.6W ) = 1.2 1690 + 0.5 623 + 0 = 2339.5kN
M uns = M 2ns = 1.2 M D + 1.6 M L = 1.2 73.2 + 1.6 48.8 = 165.92kN .m
M us = M 2 s = 1.6 M w = 1.6 67.8 = 108.48kN .m
bnSMbnkepSgeTotEdlminsMxan;
Pu = 0.9 D + 1.6W = 0.9 1690 + 1.6 0 = 1521kN
M 2 = 0.9 M D = 1.2 73.2 = 87.84kN .m
2> eRCIserIsmuxkat;dMbUgrbs;ssredayEpkelIbnSMbnkTMnajEpndIedayeRbItaragbdaRkam.
eRCIserIsmuxkat;ssr 460 460 CamYynwgEdk DB32 cMnYn4edIm rUbTI7.
460 4
= 37.3 108 mm 4
12
Ec = 28278.9 MPa
sRmab;ssr I = 0.7 I g
sRmab;ssrEdlmankm<s; 4.9m
T.Chhay
332
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
sRmab;ssrEdlmankm<s; 3.4m
EI 0.7 37.3 108 28278.9
=
= 21.7 109 N .mm
lc
3400
(EI / lb )
2 14 10
(-24)
460 4
= 37.3 108 mm 4
12
I se =
4 32 2 340
6
4
= 93 10 mm
4 2
d = 0.55
EI =
EI =
0.2 Ec I g + E s I se
1 + d
0.2 28278.9 37.3 108 + 2.1 105 93 106
= 26.2 1012 N .mm 2
1 + 0.55
Pc =
EI
2
( Klu ) 2
2 40.63 1012
(1.4 4900) 2
= 8521.15kN
KanBRgwg
2
3
ssrEvg
333
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
2
3
1
= 1.54
63946.3
1 (
)
0.75 244273
333
= 142.34mm
2339.5
T.Chhay
334
Slender Column
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
XIII.
eCIgtag
FOOTINGS
335
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
epSgKaBIeRkamnIv:UdI. r)aykarN_BIkarBiesaFdIkMNt;nUvlTPaBRTRTg;GnuBaatedIm,IeRbIkgkarKNna.
enAtMbn;RtCak;EdlmanFak;RBil (frost action) GacnwgekIneLIg bfycuH. dUcenHeKcaM)ac;RtUvdak;
eCIgtagBIeRkam freezing depth edIm,IeCosvagkarmanclna.
13>2> RbePTeCIgtag (Types of Footings)
eKmaneCIgtagCaeRcInRbePTEdleRbIsRmab;RTssr bCBaaMg. eCIgtagEdleKeRbICaTUeTAman
dUcxageRkam
- Wall footings RtUv)aneRbIedIm,IRT structural wall EdlRTbnkBIkRmalxN bedIm,IRT
nonstructural walls. vamanTTwgkMNt; nigmanRbEvgCab;KaenABIeRkamCBaaMg rUbTI13>1. Wall
footings GacmankRmas;EtmYy Gacmanfak; bGacmanCRmal.
T.Chhay
336
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
eCIgtag
Isolated,
337
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
338
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Raft
339
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
340
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
b
Edl bnkeFVIkarsrubCabnkKNnaKanemKuN. enAeBlEdlRkLapRtUv)ankMNt;sm<aFdI
emKuNRtUv)anTTYledayEckbnkemKuN Pu = 1.2D + 1.6L edaykLapeCIgtag. kareFVIEbb
enHedIm,IKNnaeCIgtagtamviFIKNnaersIusg; (strength design method) .
P (total )
Area =
qa
eCIgtag
341
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
qu =
NPIC
!#>@
Pu
area of footing
!#>$
Vu1 = qu b d
2 2
T.Chhay
342
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
4 f ' c bo d
Vc 2 = 2 +
12
d
f ' c bo d
Vc3 = s + 2
bo
12
!#>&
!#>*
pleFobRCugEvgelIRCugxIrbs;ssr
bo = brimaRtnmuxkat;eRKaHfak;EdlenAcmay d / 2 BIRkLapbnk muxkat;ssr
emIlrUbTI 13>12
d = km<s;RbsiTPaBrbs;eCIgtag
sRmab;tm Vc1 nig Vc2 eyIgeXIjfa Vc1 lub tUcCag Vc2 enARKb;eBlEdl 2 b:uEn
Vc 2 lub tUcCag Vc1 enARKb;eBlEdl > 2 . enHbgaj[eXIjfakmaMgkat;TTwgGnuBaat Vc
RtUv)ankat;bnysRmab;eCIgtagEvgxaMg. bERmbRmYlsm<aFdIBitR)akdtambeNayRCugEvgCamYynwg
karekIneLIgn . sRmab;rUbragdTeToteRkABIctuekaN KWCapleFobrvagTMhMEvgCageKbMputn
RkLapbnkRbsiTPaBkgTisedAEvg elITTwgFMCageKbMputkgTisedAxI EkgnwgTisedAEvg.
sRmab;smIkar !#>* s RtUv)ansnt;esI 40 sRmab;ssrenAkNal/ esI 30 sRmab;ssr
enAxag nigesI 20 sRmab;ssrenARCug. ersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTwgrbs;ebtug Vc3 bgajBI\TiBln
kMeNIn bo elI d . sRmab;pleFobx<s;n bo / d enaH Vc3 nwglub.
Edl
eCIgtag
343
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
d1 =
d2 =
12Vu 2
4
2 + f ' c bo
12Vu 2
Edl > 2
!#>!0
!#>!!
s + 2 f ' c bo
bo
344
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
bo = 2(c1 + d ) + 2(c 2 + d )
c2
c.
d.
M u = As f y d
!#>!#
1.7 f ' b
0.85 f ' c
2 Ru
1 1
f y
(0.85 f ' c )
!#>!$
345
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
bgajfasRmab;kRmalxNEdlmankRmas;esIRkLapGb,brma nigKMlatGtibrmanEdkenAkgTis
edAnkarBt;KYrRtUvkarEdkrYmmaD nigEdksItuNPaB. tRmUvkarEdkGb,brmaelIkeRkayenHmantm
tUcehIypleFobEdkGb,brmaEdlmantmFMCagRtUv)anesIeLIg EtvaminKYrFMCag 1.4 / f y .
346
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Edl
!#>!^
Bandwidth RtUvEtsitenAkNalnGkSrbs;ssr rUbTI13>14. EdkEdlenAsl;enA
kgTisedAxIRtUvEtBRgayesIBIxageRkA Bandwidth . PaKryEdkenAsl;enHminKYrticCagEdkrYmmaD
nigEdksItuNPaB.
enAeBlEdlssreRKOgbgMGMBIEdk bssr\dRtUv)aneRbI enaHmuxkat;eRKaHfak;sRmab;
m:Um:g;Bt;enAkgeCIgtagRtUv)anykenAcenaHBak;kNal nigEKmCBaaMg\d nigcenaHBak;kNalp
ssr nigEKmn steel base plate (ACI Code, Section 15.4.2).
=
eCIgtag
347
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
348
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
0.24 f y d b
f 'c
CaTUeTAeCIgtagRTnUvbnkdUcxageRkam
- bnkefrEdl)anmkBIeRKagxageRkam (substructure) nigeRKagxagelI
(superstructure) .
- bnkGefrEdlGnuvtmkelI
- Tmn;rbs;smarEdleRbIsRmab;cak;bMeBj
- bnkxl;
eCIgtagnImYyenAkgGKarRtUv)anKNnaedIm,IRTbnkGtibrmaEdlGacekItmanenAelIssr
Edl)anBIkarbnSMbnkdeRKaHfak;bMput edayeRbIsm<aFRTRTg;rbs;dIGnuBaat.
bnkefr nigRbEhlCabnkGefrmYyEpktUc EdleKehAfa bnkGefrFmta (usual live
load) GacGnuvtCab;Gt;dac;mkelIeRKagsMNg;. bnkGefrEdlenAsl;epSgeTot GacekItmanyUr
mg ehIymanGMeBImkelIeRKagsMNg;EpkxHEtb:ueNaH EdlbNal[manbnkepSgKaenAelIssr.
dUcenH sm<aFdIenABIeRkameCIgtagepSgKa nwgERbRbYlGaRsynwgbnkenAelIssr ehIysRmutDIepr:g;
EslnwgekItmanenABIeRkameCIgtagepSgKansMNg;EtmYy. edaysarsRmutedayEpk (partial
settlement) minGaceCosput enaHbBaabEgVr[sRmutDIepr:g;Eslrbs;sMNg;CagGt;n[)an.
brimaNnsRmutDIepr:g;EslGaRsynwgPaBxusKankRmitENnrbs;dI/ kRmas;smarEdlGacsgt;
)anenABIeRkamnIv:UeCIgtag nigPaBrwgRkajn combined footing nigsMNg;xagelI. sRmutDIepr:g;
EslFMFIV[ebtugeRbH nigeFVI[xUcxatdl;kargarbegIy (cladding or finishing) CBaaMgxN nigBi
dan.
eCIgtag
349
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
350
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
- kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIbnkemKuNRtUv)anKNnaedaysnt;BRgayCaragbnat;enAkgebtug.
- km<s;RbsiTPaB d RtUv)anKitfaesInwgkm<s;srubdk[ 75mm .
- sRmab;karBt; nigkmaMgkat;mYyTis eRbImuxkat;eBj bh b:uEnsRmab;kmaMgkat;BIrTis eRbI
b h edIm,IKNna Vc .
o
dMeNaHRsay
total loal
effective soil pressure
379.5 + 292
=
= 3.34m
200.85
width of footing =
yk 3.4m
3> sm<aFdIsuT= bnkemKuN TTwgeCIgtag sRmab;RbEvg 1m
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2 379.5 + 1.6 292 = 922.6kN / m
922.6
(net upward pressure) q u =
= 271.4kN / m 2
3.4
sm<aFdIsuT
eCIgtag
351
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
1 B c
271.4 3.4 0.5
qu =
= 285.3kN .m
2 2 2
2 2
2
M
285.3 10 6
Ru = u2 =
= 1.67 MPa
bd
1000 413 2
Mu =
sRmab; Ru = 1.67MPa /
=
0.85 f ' c
fy
f ' c = 28MPa
nig
f y = 400MPa
enaHPaKryEdk
0.85 28
2 Ru
2 1.67
=
1 1
1 1
= 0.0048
(0.85 f ' c )
0.9 0.85 28
400
PaKryEdkGb,brmasRmab;Ggt;rgkarBt;
min =
1.4 1.4
=
= 0.0035
f y 400
f y = 400MPa
. dUcenHeRbI = 0.0048
As = 2182mm 2
eRbIEdk DB25 EdlmanKMlat 225mm
6> RtYtBinitRbEvgEdkbgb;sRmab;Edk DB25
l d = 48d b = 48 25 = 1200mm
eyagtamemeronTI 7
Edl[
ld =
T.Chhay
B c
3400 500
75 =
75 = 1375mm
2
2
2 2
352
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
0.6 16 = 9.6kN / m 2
eCIgtag
353
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
RCugrbs;eCIgtagKW = 3.03m
dUcenHeRbI = 3m rUbTI 13>17
3> sm<aFdIsuT= bnkemKuN RkLapeCIgtag
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2 1090 + 1.6 890 = 2732kN
2732
(net upward pressure) q u =
= 303.6kN / m 2
3 3
=
sm<aFdIsuT
4> epgpat;km<s;snt;EdlbNalmkBIkmaMgkat;TTwgBIrTis. RbsinebIeKGt;eRbIEdkkmaMgkat;
TTwg enaHkmaMgkat;TTwgBIrTiskMNt;km<s;caM)ac;rbs;eCIgtag. sRmab;km<s;eCIgtagsrub
snt; 600mm KNna d eTAGkSTIRbCMuTmn;nEdkRsTab;xagelIedIm,Idak;enAkgeCIgtagTaMg
BIrTis. eRbIEdk DB15 sRmab;KNna d .
d = 600 75 37 = 488mm
vaCakarRbesIrEdlsnt; d = h 112
bo = 4(c + d ) = 4(450 + 488) = 3752mm
c + d = 450 + 488 = 938mm
40 488
sd
0.75
+ 2 28 3752
+ 2 f ' c bo
3752
bo
caM)ac;
smIkar !#>(
caM)ac;
km<s;caM)ac;sRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwgmYyTisKW
T.Chhay
354
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
d=
Vu1
0.75 0.17 f ' c b
707700
0.75 0.17 28 3000
1 L c
1
q u b = 303.6 1.275 2 3 = 740.3kN .m
2 2 2
2
6
M
740.3 10
Ru = u2 =
= 0.995MPa
bd
3000 498 2
Mu =
As
N 2 = N1
= 3 3m 2
KW
A2
2N 1
A1
A2 = 9000000mm 2
A1 = 202500mm 2
9000000
= 6.67 > 2
202500
c.
l dc =
eCIgtag
0.24d b f y
f 'c
0.24 25 400
28
= 453.5mm
355
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
rbs;eCIgtagRtUv)ankMNt;esI 2.6m .
T.Chhay
356
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
1> viFIsaRsKNnasRmab;eCIgtagctuekaNmanlkNRsedogKanwgkarKNnaeCIgtagkaer
eday KitBicarNaGMeBIrbs;kmaMgmkelIeCIgtagtmaTisnImYydac;edayELkBIKa.
2> BI]TahrN_mun RkLapcaM)ac;rbs;eCIgtagKW 9.2m
beNayeCIgtag = 92..26 = 3.54m
dUcenHyk 3.6m rUbTI 13>18. TMhMeCIgtagKW 2.6 3.6m
3> Pu = 2732kN . dUcenH sm<aFdIsuT (net upward pressure) KW
2
qu =
2732
= 291.9kN / m 2
2.6 3.6
Vu1 = d q u b
2 2
3.6 0.45
kmaMgkat;TTwgenHlb;
sRmab;TisedAxI V = 606.3kN
mineRKaHfak;
6Vu1
6 817.4 10 3
d caM)ac; =
=
= 475mm
f ' b 0.75 28 2600
u1
3.6
= 1.38 < 2
2.6
eRbI Vu =
f ' c bo d / 3
eCIgtag
357
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
= 1575mm
2 2
2
2
1
M u = 291.9 1.575 2 2.6 = 941.3kN .m
2
M
941.3 10 3
Ru = u2 =
= 1.46MPa
bd
2.6 0.498 2
= 1075mm
2
2
1
M u = 291.9 1.075 2 3.6 = 607.2kN .m
2
M
607.2 10 3
Ru = u2 =
= 0.68MPa
bd
3.6 0.498 2
s =
2
2
=
= 0.84
+ 1 3 .6
+1
2 .6
358
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
l d Edldak; TisEvg =
75 = 1500mm
2
2
359
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
535kN
800kN
620kN
845kN
935kN
670kN
980kN
890kN
755kN
1070kN
dMeNaHRsay
4> KNnaRkLapcaM)ac;sRmab;eCIgtagnImYyedayEckbnkFmtarbs;vaedaysm<aFdIenAeRkam
eCIgtagelx 3 . RkLaprbs;vaRtUvbgajenAkgtaragxageRkam. ]TahrN_ eCIgtagelx 1
RkLapcaM)ac;rbs;vaesI 669 / 151.7 = 4.41m 2 .
5> KNnasm<aFdIGtibrmaeRkameCIgtagnImYy
D+L
q max =
287kN / m 2 sm<aFdIGnuBaat
area
T.Chhay
360
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
elxeCIgtag
Dead load
Live load
1.25
1.225
1.44
0.89
1.14
669
996
798
996
1149
4.41
6.57
5.26
6.57
7.57
273.2
270.9
2.87
243.5
264.9
dMeNaHRsay
width of footing =
Mu =
eCIgtag
1 L c
1
1 .8 0 .4
qu = 285.4
= 69.9kN .m
2
2 2 2
2
2
361
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
bd 3 1000 6353
=
= 2.13 1010 mm 4
12
12
M c 69.9 10 6 635
fr = u =
= 1.04MPa
I
2.13 1010 2
kugRtaMgTajedaykarBt;KW
kugRtaMgTajedaykarBt;GnuBaatKW 0.415 f 'c = 0.415 0.55 20 = 1.02MPa Ek,r
5> RtYtBinitkugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwg muxkat;eRKaHfak;sitenAcmay d = 635mm BIpCBaaMg
1.8 0.4
L c
Vu = qu d = 285.4
0.635 = 18.55kN
2
2
2 2
3
f ' c bd 0.55 20 1000 635 10
Vc =
=
= 173.5kN
9
9
13>6>
Combined Footings
362
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
EdlminsnSMsMc. karKNnadlGacTTYledalbBaleCIgtagCamYynwgeCIgtagssrxagkgEdlsit
enACitCageK begIt)anCa combined footing . TIRbCMuTmn;rbs; combined footing RtYtsIuKaCamYy
nwgkmaMgpbnssrTaMgBIr.
krNIepSgeTot Edl combined footing caM)ac;RtUv)aneRbIKWenAeBlEdldImanlkNexSay
ehIyeCIgtagssrmYyKgelIeCIgtagenAEk,r. ragrbs;eCIgtag combined footing GacCactuekaN
Ekg bctuekaNBay rUbTI 13>20. enAeBlEdlbnkssrxagenAEk,rRBMmantmFMCagbnkssr
kg eCIgtagmanragctuekaNBayGacRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IrkSaTIRbCMuTmn;eCIgtagenAelIExSCamYynwgbnk
pbnssrTaMgBIr. CaTUeTA eKcUlciteRbIeCIgtagragctuekaNEkg.
363
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
rUbTI 13>23. ssrxagelx I manmuxkat; 400 400mm nigRT D.L. 800kN nig L.L 535kN .
ssrxagkgelx II manmuxkat; 500 500mm nigRTbnk D.L. 1115kN nig L.L 625kN . sm<aF
dIGnuBaatKW 240kN / m 2 ehIy)atrbs;eCIgtagsitenACeRmA 1.5m BInIv:UdI. KNnaeCIgtagedayeRbI
f 'c = 28MPa / f y = 400MPa nigviFIKNnaersIusg; ACI.
T.Chhay
364
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
eCIgtag
365
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
M u1
NPIC
= 49.2kN .m
= 1589.84kN.m
Mu
ssrxageRkARtUv)anRtYtBinitnigbgajfaminmaneRKaHfak;.
8> RtYtBinitkm<s;sRmab;m:Um:g; nigkMNt;srsEdkcaM)ac;enAkgTisEvg
m:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrma = 1589.84kN .m
T.Chhay
366
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
1589.84 10 6
2200 805 2
= 1.115MPa
Bandwidth = 400 (column width) + 400 (on exterior side of column) + 805
= 1605mm
= 900mm
2
2
825.5 2
Mu
I =
0.9 = 334.3kN.m
2
M
334.3 10 6
Ru = u2 =
= 0.32MPa
bd
1600 805 2
cmayBIcugTMenreTApssrKW
enApnssr
eCIgtag
367
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
b.
EdkenABIeRkamssr II
368
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Pu 2
2338
=
= 1062.7kN / m
width of footing
2.2
2200 500
= 850mm
2
2
1062.7
Mu
II
=
0.85 2 = 383.9kN.m
2
6
M
383.9 10
Ru = u2 =
= 0.28MPa
bd
2100 805 2
cmayeTApssrKW
enApnssr kgTisedAxI
eCIgtag
369
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
BL
P Mc
P 6M
=
=
A
I
LB BL2
!#>@!
LB BL2
q max =
b LBP = 6M2
BL
3> enAeBlEdl e > L / 6 sm<aFdImanragRtIekaN
q min
!#>@@
!#>@#
L y L
= e
3
2
3x
P = q max B
2
2P
4P
q max =
=
3xB 3B( L 2e)
x=
!#>@$
4> enAeBleCIgtagRtUv)anrMkilcmay e BIGkSnssredIm,IbegItsm<aFdIBRgayesIenA
eRkameCIgtag. m:Um:g;GtibrmaekItmanenAmuxkat; n n
M
M = M ' Hh nig e =
P
T.Chhay
370
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
371
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
P M xc y M y cx
+
+
A
Ix
Iy
sm<aFdIenARCug ! KW
q max =
enARCug @ KW
q2 =
P M xc y M y cx
+
A
Ix
Iy
enARCug # KW
q3 =
P M xc y M y cx
A
Ix
Iy
enARCug $ KW
q4 =
P M xc y M ycx
+
A
Ix
Iy
T.Chhay
372
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
eCIgtagrgnUvbnkcMGkS nigm:Um:g;
P = 980 + 734 = 1714 kN
M = 244 + 190 = 434kN .m
M
434
e=
=
= 0.253m
P 1714
yk 250mm
cMNakpitKW
eKGacKNnaeCIgtagtmaviFIsaRsBIrKW
viFIsaRsTI1 rMkilGkSeCIgtagcmay e = 250mm BIGkSssr. kgkrNIenH sm<aFdIRtUv)an
cat;TukfaBRgayesIenABIeRkameCIgtag rUbTI 13>27 b.
viFIsaRsTI2 GkSrbs;eCIgtag nigGkSrbs;ssrRtYtsIuKa. kgkrNIenH sm<aFdImanragCa
RtIekaN bctuekaNBay rUbTI 13>27 c ehIytmGtibrma nigGb,brmaRtUv)anKNnadUcbgaj
enAkgrUbTI 13>27.
karGnuvtnviFIsaRsTaMgBIrsRmab;]TahrN_TI 13>7 GacnwgBnl;y:agsegbdUcxageRkam
1> sRmab;viFIsaRsTI1 snt;km<s;eCIgtag 500mm d = 420mm nigsnt;Tmn;maDdIesI
16kN / m 3
eCIgtag
373
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
= 823.7kN .m
enAelITTwg 2.7m
T.Chhay
374
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
P 6M
1714
6 434
+ 2 =
+
= 318.8kN / m 2 > 211.5kN / m 2
2
LB BL
2.7 3 2.7 3
P 6M
1714
6 434
+ 2 =
+
= 211.2kN / m 2 < 211.5kN / m 2
LB BL
2.8 4 2.8 4 2
P 6M
1714
6 434
=
2 =
= 94.9kN / m 2
2
LB BL
2.8 4 2.8 4
q max =
q min
375
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
376
Footings
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
eCIgtag
377
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
XIV.
CBaaMgTb;
Retaining Wall
378
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CBaaMgTb;
379
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
CaCBaaMgTb;enAEpkxagelIEdlRtUveRbIedIm,IRTkRmals<an. CBaaMgRtUv)an
snt;fabgb;enAEpkxageRkamenAnwg)at nigRTedayTRmsamBaenAEpkxagelI.
- Basement walls Tb;sm<aFdIBIpmagrbs;CBaaMg niglatsnwgtamTisQrBIkRmalxNCan;
eRkamdIeTAkRmalxNCan;TImYy. CBaaMgGacRtUv)ansnt;bgb;enA)at nigRTedayTRmsamBa
bTb;edayEpk (partially restrained) enAEpkxagelI.
Bridge abutment
380
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Pa = C a wh = wh
!$>$
1 + sin
CBaaMgTb;
381
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
Edl
NPIC
1 sin
C a =
1 + sin
sm<aFskmsrub
Ha =
2 1 + sin
=
!$>%
RbePTdIcak;bMeBj
Tmn;maD kg / m 3
mMukkitkg
Soft clay
1440 1920
0 o 15 o
Medium clay
1600 1920
15 o 30 o
1600 1920
27 o 30 o
1760 1920
30 o 35 o
1600 2100
30 o 40 o
1920 2100
25 o 35 o
1840 2100
33o 35 o
1920 2100
42 o 46 o
382
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
2
2
cos + cos cos
!$>^
nig H a = Ca wh2
kmaMgpb H a eFVIGMeBIenAkm<s; h / 3 nigeRTtedaymMu eTAnwgbnat;edk rUbTI 14>3. tm
C a EdlsMEdgedaysmIkar !$>^ sRmab;tmepSgn nig RtUv)anbgajenAkgtarag
!$>@.
Pa = C a wh
mMukkitkg
28 o
30 o
32 o
34 o
36 o
38 o
40 o
0o
0.361
0.333
0.307
0.283
0.260
0.238
0.217
10 o
0.380
0.350
0.321
0.294
0.270
0.246
0.225
20 o
0.461
0.414
0.374
0.338
0.306
0.277
0.250
25 o
0.573
0.494
0.434
0.385
0.343
0.307
0.275
30 o
0.
0.866
0.574
0.478
0.411
0.358
0.315
!$>&
Pp = C p wh = wh
1 sin
Edl
1 + sin 1
=
C p =
1 sin C a
sin
!$>*
sm<aFGkmsrubKW H p = wh2 11 + sin
Pp = C p wh
CBaaMgTb;
cos 2 cos 2
2
2
cos cos cos
H p = Cp
!$>(
wh 2
2
383
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
mMukkitkg
28 o
30 o
32 o
34 o
36 o
38 o
40 o
0o
2.77
3.00
3.25
3.54
3.85
4.20
4.60
10 o
2.55
2.78
3.02
3.30
3.60
3.94
4.32
20 o
1.92
2.13
2.36
2.61
2.89
3.19
3.53
25 o
1.43
1.66
1.90
2.14
2.40
2.68
3.00
30 o
0.
0.87
1.31
1.57
1.83
2.10
2.38
b.
T.Chhay
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
manlkNekagbnic. kMhusenAkgkarsnt;enHRtUv)anecalenAkgkarKNnasm<aFdIskm.
smIkar Coulomb edIm,IKNnasm<aFdIskm nigsm<aFdIGkmmandUcxageRkam
sm<aFdIskmKW Pa = Ca wh
cos 2 ( )
Edl Ca =
!$>!0 a
2
sin ( + )sin ( )
cos 2 cos( + )1 +
cos( + ) cos( )
mMukkitkgrbs;dI
= mMunpsm<aFdImkGkSQr
= mMukkittambeNaypCBaaMg mMurvagdInigebtug
= mMunbnkbEnm (surcharge) eTAGkSedk
sm<aFdIskmsrubKW
Edl
H a = Ca
wh 2
h
= Pa
2
2
sin ( + )sin ( + )
cos 2 cos( )1
cos( + ) cos( )
c.
CBaaMgTb;
385
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
hs =
Edl
!$>!!
ws
w
km<s;smmUlrbs;dI
ws = sm<aFbnkelIs
w = Tmn;maDdI
2
sm<aFsrubKW H a = H a1 + H a 2 = Ca w h2 + hhs
hs =
!$>!@
enAkgkrNIbnkBRgayesIedayEpkmanGMeBIenAcmaymYyBICBaaMgTb; enaHvamanEtsm<aFn
bnkbEnmsrubmYyEpkman\TiBleTAelICBaaMg rUbTI !$>^.
vaCakarGnuvtn_TUeTAedaysnt;fakm<s;RbsiTPaBnbnkbEnmKW h' Edlvas;BIcMnuc B eTA)at
rbs;CBaaMgTb;. bnat; AB pMmMu 45o CamYyGkSedk.
kgkrNIbnkkg;LanmanGMeBIenAcmaymYyCBaaMg bnkRtUv)anBRgayelIpkMNt;mYy Edl
CaTUeTAkMNt;eday specification EdleKTTYlsal;dUcCa AASHTO nig AREA.
T.Chhay
386
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
387
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
m:Um:g;eFVI[manlMnwgsRmab;krNICBaaMgdUcbgajkgrUbTI 14>7 KW
M b = w1 x1 + w2 x 2 + w3 x3 = wx
emKuNsuvtiPaBRbqaMgnwgkarRkLab;KW
T.Chhay
388
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
!$>!%
CBaaMgTb;
389
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
a.
NPIC
b.
c.
d.
14>9> tRmUvkarsRmab;KNna
(Design Requirement)
pl;nUvviFIsaRssRmab;KNnalTPaBRTRTg;rbs;CBaaMg. tRmUvkar
cMbgdUcxageRkam
a. kRmas;Gb,brmanCBaaMgKW 1 / 25 nkm<s; bnRbEvgCBaaMg ykmYyNaEdltUcCageK b:uEn
minRtUvtUcCag 100mm .
b. RkLapGb,brmanEdkedkenAkgCBaaMgKW 0.0025bh Edl bh CaRkLapebtugCBaaMg.
tmenHRtUv)ankat;bnyRtwm 0.002bh RbsinebIeKeRbIEdk DB16 bEdkEdlmanmuxkat;
tUcCagenH nigman f y 400MPa . sRmab;EdksMNaj;pSar EdkmUl bEdkfaMgGMeBA Rk
LapEdkGb,brmaKW 0.002bh .
T.Chhay
390
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
c.
d.
e.
s min
391
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
1 sin 1 0.574
=
= 0.271
1 + sin 1 + 0.574
T.Chhay
392
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CBaaMgTb;
393
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Tmn; (kN )
dXas; (m)
w1 = 0.3 3 24 = 21.6
1
w2 = 3 (1.05 0.3) 24 = 27
2
0. 4
8.64
0 .8
21.6
0 .8
9.22
1.05
20.79
1.45
23
w = R = 95.76kN
M b = M = 83.25kN
b.
c.
M b M 0 83.25 28.6
=
= 0.57 m
95.76
R
= 8.1kN
1.6
0.34
q1 =
7> RtYtBinitkugRtaMgBt;enAkgebtugRtg;cMnuc A
a.
sm<aFdIRtg;cMnuc A BIFrNImaRtKW
T.Chhay
394
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
1.35
q A = 8.1 +
(111.6 8.1) = 95.4kN
1.6
b.
c.
kugRtaMgBt;enAkgebtugKW
Mc 3.32 0.15
=
10 3 = 0.221MPa
3
I
2.25 10
h 0.3
c= =
= 0.15m
I = 1 0.33 / 12 = 2.25 10 3 m 4
2
2
d.
Edl
nig
m:UDuldac;rbs;ebtug (modulus of rupture of concrete) KW
0.623 f 'c = 2.8MPa > 0.221MPa
.8
emKuNsuvtiPaBRbqaMgnwgkareRbHKW 02.221
= 12.67 . dUcenH
muxkat;manlkNRKb;RKan;. eKmincaM)ac;esInUvmuxkat;epSgeTotedIm,IRtYtBiniteT.
dMeNaHRsay
CBaaMgTb;
395
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
d.
NPIC
1 sin 1 0.574
=
= 0.271
1 + sin 1 + 0.574
3> emKuNsuvtiPaBRbqaMgnwgkarRkLab;GacRtUv)ankMNt;dUcxageRkam
T.Chhay
396
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
a.
dXas;
dXas;
b.
c.
kmaMg (kN )
dXas; (m)
1.3
53.14
1 .1
11.24
w3 = 3.2 0.45 25 = 36
1.6
57.6
2.375
419
w = R = 263.5kN
M = 541kN .m
541
emKuNsuvtiPaBRbqaMgnwgkarRkLab;KW 215
= 2.51 > 2
.4
4> KNnasm<aFdIeRkameCIgtag. Kitm:Um:g;eFobcMnuc 0 rUbTI 14>12 edIm,IkMNt;TItaMg kmaMgpb
R nkmaMgbBar
x=
M Hy = balancing M overturning M
R
541 215.4
263.5
3.2
= 1.236m >
= 1.066m
3
397
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
m:Um:g;niclPaB I = 1 312.2
= 2.73m 4
q2 =
= 26.13kN / m 2
3.2
2.73
A
I
q1 =
sm<aFdIKWRKb;RKan;
398
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Cp =
Rbtikmn
CBaaMgTb;
399
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dXas;
dXas;
T.Chhay
400
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Mu
bd 2
PaKryEdk
276.4 10 6
= 1.85MPa
1000 387 2
0.85 f 'c
2 Ru
=
1 1
f y
0.85 f 'c
= 0.0058
edaysarEtm:Um:g;fycuHtamkm<s;rbs;CBaaMg As KYrRtUv)ankat;bnyeTAtamm:Um:g;Edl
ekItmanenAelICBaaMg. CakarGnuvtn_ eKKYreRbI As bKMlatmYy
sRmab;Bak;kNalCBaaMg xageRkam nig As bKMlatmYyepSgeTot
sRmab;Bak;kNalCBaaMgxagelI. edIm,IKNna m:Um:g;enAkm<s;Bak;kNalCBaaMg
2.725m BIkMBUl
P1 = 1.6(C a whs ) = 1.6(0.271 18.5 0.5) = 4.01kN / m 2
P2 = 1.6(C a wh ) = 1.6(0.271 18.5 2.725) = 21.86kN / m 2
2.725
H a1 = 4.01 2.725 = 10.93kN
=
= 1.36m
2
1
2.725
H a 2 = 21.86 2.725 = 29.78kN
=
= 0.91m
2
3
dXas;
dXas;
PaKryEdk
= 0.0013
CBaaMgTb;
401
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
b.
c.
d.
402
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;bnkbEnm.
sm<aFdIeLIgelIRtUv)anecaledaysarvanwgkat;bny\TiBlndIcak;bMeBj nigebtugeTAelI
eCIgtagEpkxageRkayCBaaMg. eyagtamrUbTI 14>12 bnksrubenAelIeCIgtagEpkxag
eRkayrbs;CBaaMgKW
Vu = 1.2(5.45 1.75 18.5 + 0.45 1.75 25) + 1.6 0.5 1.75 18.5 = 261.3kN
1.75
Mu
= Vu
= 228.64kN .m
2
enARtg;pCBaaMg
CaTUeTAmuxkat;eRKaHfak;sRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwgsitenAcmay d BIpCBaaMgenAeBlEdlkmaMg
RbtikmbegItkmaMgsgt;enAtMbn;xagcugrbs;Ggt;. kgkrNIenH muxkat;eRKaHfak;RtUv)anKit
faekItmanenAnwgpCBaaMg edaysarEtkmaMgTaj minEmnkmaMgsgt;ekItmanenAkgebtug.
Vu = 261.3kN
2
2
Vc =
f 'c bd = 0.75
20 1000 362 10 3 = 202.4kN < 261.3kN
12
12
228.64 10 6
1000 472 2
= 1.03MPa
= 0.0031
As = 1463.2mm 2
403
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
vamantmtUcCag Vc = 263.8kN .
12
2
103.43 2
M u = 1.6
1 + (138.56 103.43) 1 0.5 1.20.56 25 = 93.1kN .m
2
3
2
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
93.1 10 6
1000 472 2
= 0.42 MPa
= 0.00125
T.Chhay
404
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CBaaMgTb;
405
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
32
= 21.46kN / m
2
nCBaaMg
H a eFVIGMeBIenARtg; h / 3 = 3 / 3 = 1m BI)at. sm<aFbEnmRbEhl 9.6kN / m 2 RtUv)anKitfa
manenAelIdIxageRkayCBaaMg enaH
H a = 0.271 17.6
hs =
9.6
= 0.55m
17.6
nCBaaMg
H s nbnkbEnmeFVIGMeBIenA h / 2 = 1.5m BI)at.
kgkarKNnaelIkmun eK)ansnt;fadIcak;bMeBjmanlkNst b:uEnsRmab;krNIenHeKcaM)ac;
RtUvKitBIsm<aFTwkenABIeRkayCBaaMg. sm<aFTwkGtibrmaekItmanenAeBlkm<s;CBaaMgTaMgmUlrbs;
CBaaMgCan;eRkamdIrgnUvsm<aFTwk. Pw = 10 3 = 30kN / m 2
32
wh 2
Hw =
= 10 = 45kN / m nCBaaMg
2
2
sm<aFGtibrmaminGacmanvtmanenABIeRkayCBaaMgCab;rhUteT. dUcenH RbsinebIdIesImyUr
mg enaHeKGacyksm<aFTwkRtwm 50% mkKit.
H s = (Ca whs )h = 2.62 3 = 7.86kN / m
T.Chhay
406
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Pw 30
=
= 15kN / m 2
2
2
H
H ' w = w = 22.5kN / m
2
nCBaaMg
H ' w eFVIGMeBIenA h / 3 = 3 / 3 = 1m BI)at. TwkGacRtUv)ankarBarBIkarRbmUlpMRbqaMgnwgCBaaMg
edayerobcMkarbgrenAEpkxageRkamnCBaaMg.
bEnmBIelIkarerobcMRbBnbgr CBaaMgEpkxageRkARtUvlabfaMkarBarCMrabTwk (waterproofing
or damp-proofing membrane) . ACI Code, Section 14.5
kMNt;fakRmas;Gb,brmanCBaaMgeRkam dIEpkxageRkA nigRKwHrbs;vaKW 190mm . CaTUeTA kRmas;
Gb,brmarbs;CBaaMgRTesInwgtmtUcCageK kgcMeNam 1/ 25 nkm<s; b 1/ 25 RbEvgCBaaMg b
100mm .
f 'c = 20MPa
nig
dMeNaHRsay
L
L
+ 1.6 H s
7.5
8
2.925
2.925
= 1.6(21.46 + 22.5)
+ 1.6 7.86
= 32.03kN.m
7.5
8
CBaaMgTb;
407
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
3
2 2.925
m:Um:g;viCmanGtibrmaEdlekItmanenAmuxkat;EdlmankmaMgkat;sUn
14.31 + 15 x
Vu = 18.78 1.6(2.62 x ) 1.6
=0
2.925 2
2
x = 1.291m
2.62
12.94 1.2912
1.2912 +
M c = 18.78 1.291 1.6
= 15kN .m
2
2
3
Mu
30.03 10 6
=
= 100mm
Ru b
3 1000
Mu
bd 2
30.03 10 6
1000 144 2
= 1.45MPa
15 10 6
1000 144 2
= 0.72 MPa
= 0.0022
T.Chhay
408
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
409
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
410
Retaining Walls
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
XV.
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
BB' r
=
L
L
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
411
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
enAkgeRKOgbgMebtugGarem: Ggt;nwgrgm:Um:g;rmYlenAeBlGgt;enaHekagenAkgbg;/ RT
cantilever slab/ mannaTICa spandrel beam (end beam)/ bCaEpkrbs;CeNIrvil.
Ggt;eRKOgbgMGacrgnUvEtkmaMgrmYlsuT benAkgkrNICaeRcIn vargCamYyKakgeBlEtmYy
nUvkmaMgkat;TTwg nigm:Um:g;Bt;. ]TahrN_TI15>1 bgajBIkmaMgepSgEdlGacGnuvtmkelImuxkat;
epSgKanFwm cantilever.
]TahrN_TI15>1
dMeNaHRsay
412
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
muxkat; N (kN )
V y (kN )
M x (kN .m) M y (kN .m)
Vx (kN )
T (kN .m)
!
0
180.9
144.45
53.5
67
0
@ 53.5 sgt;
0
144.45
89
67
180.9
# 53.5 sgt; 241.2
464.85
89
67
180.9
RbsinebI P1 / P2 nig P3 CabnkemKuN Pu = 1.2PD + 1.6PL enaHral;tmenAkgtaragCakmaMg
KNnaemKuN.
15>2> m:Um:g;rmYlenAkgFwm
413
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
edayyk v CakugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwenaH
nig T = rvdA
dV = vdA
kmaMgkat;TTwgeGLasicGtibrmaekItmanenApxageRkArbs;muxkat;rgVg;Rtg;kaM r CamYynwg
kRmas; dr enaHkmaMgrmYlGacRtUv)ankMNt;edayKitm:Um:g;eFobnwgcMNuc 0 sRmab;RkLapkg
dT = (2rdr )vr
T = (2rdr )vr = 2r 2 dr
R
sRmab;muxkat;RbehagEdlmankaMxagkg R1 /
!%>@
T = 2r 2 dr
R1
0
0
R
R
R4
2
=
= vmax R 3
vmax
4 2
R
T.Chhay
414
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
415
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
!%>#
m:Um:g;niclPaBb:UElrnmuxkat;rgVg;KW J = R 4 / 2 . dUcenH kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;GacRtUv)an
sresrCaGnuKmn_nm:Um:g;niclPaBb:UElrdUcxageRkam
TR
!%>$
vmax =
J
vmax =
2T
R 3
kmaMgrmYlEdlGnuvt
x = RCugxIrbs;muxkat;ctuekaN
y = RCugEvgrbs;muxkat;ctuekaN
= emKuNEdlGaRsynwgpleFobn y / x tmrbs;vaRtUv)an[enAkgtarag
xageRkam.
T=
y/x
1 .0
1 .2
1 .5
2 .0
4. 0
10
0.208
0.219
0.231
0.246
0.282
0.312
T.Chhay
416
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
y / x 10
eK
GaceRbIsmIkarsRmYlxageRkam
v max =
!%>&
3T
x y1 0.63
417
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
418
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
x2 y
f
Tn =
3 r
!%>*
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
419
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
420
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
2A
tan
P
sin
Edl
l =
(shear flow)
brimaRtrbs;EdkkgKitRtwmGkSEdk
P
= mMunkmaMgsgt;Ggt;RTUg = ( d + l ) / d + h h
P
Ph =
RkLapEdlBTCMuvijedaykmaMgkat; b
= torque / 2q Edl q = rMhUrkmaMgkat;
Po = brimaRtnKngrMhUrkmaMgkat; brimaRtrbs; Ao
smIkarmMurmYlxagelImanlkNRsedogKanwgsmIkarmMukMeNagkgkarBt; rUbTI 15>10
Ao =
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
421
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
c + s
!%>!#
Edl c nig s CabERmbRmYlrageFobenAkgebtug nigEdk erogKa. smIkardsamBaRtUv)an
bkRsayeday Solanki edIm,IkMNt;lTPaBTb;nwgkarrmYlsuTrbs;FwmebtugGarem: edayQrelI
space truss analogy dUcxageRkam
= curvature =
As f sy
Tu = (2 Ao )
Po
Edl
Ah f hy
!%>!$
/ nig s RtUv)anBnl;BIxagelI
As f sy = kmaMg yield nEdkbeNayTaMgGs;
Ah f hy = kmaMg yield nEdkkg
ACI Code )anTTYlykRTwsIenHedIm,IKNnaGgt;eRKOgbgMebtugEdlrgkarrmYl bkarrmYl
nigkarkat;enAkgviFIsaRsdsRmYl.
Ao Po
422
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
vtc =
3T
x2 y
f 'c
2
Tc =
f 'c x 2 y
!%>!^
12
15>8> karrmYlenAkgGgt;ebtugBRgwgedayEdk
423
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
424
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
425
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
Tcr =
NPIC
2
f 'c Acp
= Tn
3 Pcp
nig
!%>!(
Tu = Tcr
cp
]TahrN_TI15>1
m:Um:g;eFVI[eRbH Tcr
b. m:Um:g;rmYlemKuNGtibrma Tn EdlGacGnuvtelImuxkat;nImYyedaymineRbIEdkRTnugTb;kar
rmYl.
a.
T.Chhay
426
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
snt;
f 'c = 28MPa
DB12
f y = 400 MPa
dMeNaHRsay
1>
a.
muxkat; !
mU:m:g;eFVI[eRbH Tcr GacRtUv)anKNnaBIsmIkar !%>!(
Tcr =
2
f 'c Acp
3 Pcp
brimaRtnmuxkat;ebtugTaMgmUl
Tcr = 0.75
b.
Tn
GnuBaatEdlGacGnuvtedaymineRbIEdkTb;karrmYlRtUv)anKNnaBIsmIkar !%>@0
Ta =
2>
a.
28 244000 2
= 39kN .m
3 2020
Tcr
4
39
= 9.75kN .m
4
muxkat; @
dMbUgKNna Acp nig Pcp sRmab;muxkat;enH nigGnuvtsmIkarTI !%>!( edIm,IKNna
Tcr . edaysnt;sabRtUv)andak;CamYyEdkkgbiTCit
enaHsabRbsiTPaBEdlRtUveRbIenA RCugmagnRTnugesInwg $dgkRmas;sab b
4(100 ) = 400mm = hw = 400mm
Acp = web area + area of effective flanges
Acp = 500 350 + 2 100 400 = 255000mm 2
Pcp = 2(b + h ) = 2(350 + 2 400 + 500) = 3300mm
Tcr = 0.75
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
28 255000 2
= 26kN .m
3 3300
427
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Tcr = 23.8kN .m
b.
Tn
GnuBaatEdlGacGnuvtedaymineRbIEdkTb;karrmYl
Ta =
3>
a.
Tcr
4
26
= 6.5kN .m
4
muxkat; 3
snt;sabRtUv)andak;EdkkgbiTCit RbEcgRbsiTPaBesInwg
hw = 370mm < 4 150 = 600mm
Acp = 350 520 + 370 150 = 237500mm 2
Pcp = 2(b + h) = 2(350 + 370 + 520) = 2480mm
Tcr = 0.75
28 237500 2
= 30kN .m
3 2480
Tcr = 25.2kN .m
b.
Tn
T.Chhay
428
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Nt; (statically determinate member) dUcCaFwmsamBa (simple beam) bFwm cantilever Kankar
EbgEckm:Um:g;mgeTotekIteLIgeT.
enAkgkarKNnaGgt;Edlrgm:Um:g;rmYl eKmanBIrkrNIEdlGacGnuvtbnab;BIkareRbH.
!> krNIm:Um:g;rmYllMnwg (equilibrium torsion case) ekItmanenAeBlm:Um:g;rmYlEdlRtUvkar
sRmab;eRKOgbgMsitkgsanPaBlMnwg ehIy Tu minGacRtUv)ankat;bnyedaykarEbg
EckeLIgvijrbs;m:Um:g;eT dUckrNIFwmTMrsamBa. kgkrNIenHEdkTb;rmYlRtUv)andak;
edIm,ITb;RKb; Tu . rUbTI 15>13 FwmEdlenAEKmRTkRmalxN cantilever EdlKankar
EbgEckm:Um:g;mgeTotekItman.
@> krNIm:Um:g;rmYlRtUvKa (compatibility torsion case) ekItmanenAeBlm:Um:g;rmYl Tu Gac
RtUv)ankat;bnyedaykarEbgEckkmaMgkgmgeTotbnab;BIeRbH enAeBlEdlPaBRtUvKa
nkMhUcRTg;RTay (compatibility of deformation) RtUv)anrkSa enAkgGgt;eRKOgbgM.
rUbTI 15>14 bgajBI]TahrN_sRmab;krNIenH EdlFwmTTwgBIrmanGMeBIelIFwmEKmbegIt
m:Um:g;rmYl. mMurmYlFMekItman enAeBlsameRbHedaykarrmYlelcecj Edlpl;nUvkar
bgEckbnkdFMenAkgeRKOgbgM. vanwgeTAdl;m:Um:g;rmYlEdleFVI[eRbH Tcr eRkamGMeBI
nbnSM karBt; karkat; nigkarrmYl enAeBlEdlkugRtaMgem (principle stress) mantm
RbEhl f 'c / 3 . enAeBlEdl Tu > Tcr m:Um:g;rmYlesInwg Tcr smIkar !%>!( Edl
Gacsnt;ekItmanenARtg;muxkat;eRKaHfak;enACitpnTRm.
ACI Code kMNt;m:Um:g;rmYlKNnaesInwgtmtUcCageKn Tu Edl)anBIbnkemKuN b Tcr
BIsmIkar !%>!(.
15>8>5> karkMNt;nersIusg;m:Um:g;rmYl (Limitation of Tortional Moment Strength)
ACI Code,Section 11.6.3 kMNt;TMhMmuxkat;edaysmIkarxageRkamBIr
!> sRmab;muxkat;tan;
2
Vu Tu Ph
Vc + 2
+
bw d 1.7 Aoh
bw d 3
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
429
f 'c
!%>@!
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
@> sRmab;muxkat;Rbehag
Vu Tu Ph
Vc + 2
bw d 1.7 Aoh
bw d 3
f 'c
!%>@@
T.Chhay
430
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Vu Tu Ph
+
c +
f 'c
!%>@#
1.7 A t
3
b d
b d
oh
431
f yt = 400 MPa
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
!%>@^
Edl Tn KitCa N .mm . KMlatEdkkg s minRtUvFMCagntmtUcCageKkgcMeNam Ph / 8 nig
300mm . sRmab;muxkat; RbehagrgkarrmYl cmayEdlvas;BIGkSnEdkkgeTApxagkgrbs;
CBaaMgminRtUvtUcCag 0.5 Aoh / Ph .
@> EdkbeNaybEnm Al EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;karrmYlminKYrtUcCagtmxageRkam
A f yt 2
!%>@&
cot
Al = t Ph
f
s
At
Tn
=
s 800 Ao
Rbsin = 45 nig
!%>@& kayCa
o
f yt = f y = 400MPa
A
A
Al = t Ph = 2 t ( x1 + y1 )
s
s
!%>@*
Ph RtUv)ankMNt;enAkgEpk 8>2. cMNaMfa EdkEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;karrmYlKYrRtUv)anbEnmBI
elI EdlEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;kmaMgkat; m:Um:g;Bt; nigkmaMgtamGkSEdleFVIGMeBIrYmKaCamYykmaMgrmYl.
karkMNt;epSgeTotsRmab;EdkbeNay Al mandUcxageRkam
a.
Ggt;pitEdktUcbMputsRmab;EdkbeNayKW DB10 bKMlatEdkkgelI 24 b s / 24
edayykmYyNaEdlmantmtUcCageK.
b.
EdkbeNayKYrRtUv)anBRgayCMuvijbrimaRtrrbs;EdkkgCamYyKMlatGtibrma
300mm .
c.
EdkbeNayKYrEtdak;enAkgEdkkg y:agehacNas;kdak;EdkenARKb;mMurbs;Edkkg.
EdkEdldak;enAnwgmMurbs;EdkkgRtUv)aneKrkeXIjfamanRbsiTPaBkgkarbegItersIu
sg;m:Um:g;rmYl nigkgkarkarBarsameRbH.
d.
EdkTb;m:Um:g;rmYlRtUvdak;enAcmay (bt + d ) BIcMNucEdlRTwsIRtUvkar Edl bt
CaTTwgn Epkrbs;muxkat;EdlmanEdkkgTb;kmaMgrmYl.
15>8>8> EdkTb;karrmYlGb,brma (Minimum Torsional Reinforcement)
enAkEngNaEdlEdkTb;karrmYlGb,brmaRtUvkar EdkTb;karrmYlGb,brmaRtUv)ankMNt;dUc
xageRkam (ACI Code, Section 11.6.5)
T.Chhay
432
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
b s
Av + 2 At 0.063 f 'c w
f yt
sRmab;
f 'c 31MPa
!%>@(
Edl Av = RkLapeCIgTaMgBIrrbs;EdkkgEdlkMNt;)anBIkmaMgkat;
At = RkLapeCIgEtmYyrbs;EdkkgEdlkMNt;BIm:Um:g;rmYl
s = KMlatEdkkg
f yt = ersIusg;yal (yield strength) rbs;Edkkg 400 MPa
KMlatEdkkg s minKYrFMCagtmtUcCagkgcMeNam Ph / 8 nig 300mm . KMlatenHRtUvkar
edIm,IRKb;RKgsameRbH.
@> RkLapEdksrubGb,brmarbs;EdkbeNayTb;karrmYl
5 f 'c Acp At f yt
Ph
!%>#0
Al min =
f
f
s
cp
RbsinebIEdkRTnugRtUvkarGnuvtviFIsaRsxageRkam.
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
433
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
#> KNnasRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwg
a. KNnaersIuisg;kmaMgkat; nominal Edlpl;edayebtug Vc . kMNt;kmaMgkat;TTwg
EdlTb;edayEdkRTnug
V Vc
Vs = u
Vu = Vc + Vs b
Edl
Vs s
f yt d
RkLapneCIgTaMgBIrrbs;Edkkg
s = KMlatEdkkg
EdkkmaMgkat;TTwgkgmYyktaRbEvgKW
Av =
Av
V
= s
s
f yt d
d.
0.35 bw
f yt
T.Chhay
cp
434
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
b.
c.
d.
EtminRtUvtUcCag
5 f 'c Acp
Al min =
12 f y
A f yt
t P
s h fy
!%>@& b
!%>@*
sRmab; = 45o nig f yt = 400MPa enaH Al = ( At / s )Ph
EdkbeNayTb;karrmYlKYrmanGgt;pity:agticesIKMlatEdkkgelI 24 b s / 24 b:uEn
minRtUvtUcCag DB10 . EdkbeNayRtUvdak;enAkgEdkkgbiTCitCamYyKMlatGtibrma
esI 300mm . y:agehaceKRtUvdak;EdkmYyedImenARKb;mMurbs;Edkkg. CaTUeTAmYy
PaKbIn Edk Al RtUv)anbEnmeTAelIEdkTaj mYyPaKbIenABak;kNalkm<s;rbs;mux
kat; nigmYyPaKbIeTotenAEpksgt;.
%> kMNt;RkLapsrubnEdkkgbiTCitEdlbNalBI Vu nig Tu .
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
435
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Avt = ( Av + 2 At )
!%>@(
0.35bw s
f yt
kMNt;brimaNEdkRTnugcaM)ac;sRmab;muxkat;ctuekaNEkgdUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 15>15.
muxkat;rgnUvkM laMgkat;emKuN Vu = 213.5kN nigkmaMgrmYllMnwg (equilibrium torsion)
Tu = 41kN .m enATItaMg Edlmancmay d BIpnTMr. eK[ f 'c = 28MPa nig f y = 400MPa .
dMeNaHRsay
CMhanxageRkambgajBIviFIsaRskgkarKNna
1> kmaMgKNnaKW Vu = 213.5kN nig Tu = 41kN .m
2> a. EdkTb;kmaMgkat;RtUvkarenAeBl Vu > Vc / 2 .
Vc =
T.Chhay
f 'c bd =
0.75
28 (400)(520) 10 3 = 137.6kN
6
436
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Vu = 213.5kN >
b.
Vc
2
= 68.8kN
eKRtUvkarEdkTb;kmaMgkat;.
eKRtUvkarEdkTb;karrmYlenAeBl
2
f 'c Acp
Tu >
= Ta
12 Pcp
2
3
f 'c bd =
2
28 (400)(520) = 733.8kN > Vs
3
Av
V
101.2 10 3
= s =
= 0.5mm 2 / m
s
f y d 400 520
eCIgBIr
eCIgmYy
Av
= 0.25mm 2 / m
2s
4> KNnasRmab;karrmYl
a. kmaMgrmYlKNna Tu = 41kN .m . KNnalkNmuxkat; edaysnt;kRmas;ebtugkarBar
Edk 40mm nigeRbIEdkkg DB12
x1 = 400 2(40 + 6 ) = 308mm
y1 = 580 2(40 + 6 ) = 488mm
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
437
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
b.
Vu Tu Ph
Vc + 2
bw d 1.7 Aoh
bw d 3
Vc = 137.6kN
f 'c
nig Vc = 183.5kN
2
183500
Right hand side = 0.75
+
28 = 3.3MPa > 1.82 MPa
400 520 3
c.
muxkat;RKb;RKan;
kMNt;EdkkgbiTCitcaM)ac;EdlbNalBIkarrmYlBIsmIkar !%>@%
At
Tn
=
s 2 Ao f yt cot
Tn =
Tu
41
= 54.7 kN .m
0.75
cot = 1.0
At
54.7 10 6
=
= 0.535mm 2 / m
s 2 127758.4 400
d.
Ao = 127758.4mm 2
eCIgmYy
kMNt;EdkbeNaybEnmBIsmIkarTI !%>@&
A f yt 2
Al = t Ph
cot
s f y
At
= 0.535
Ph = 1592mm
s
f yt = f y = 400MPa
cot = 1.0
Al (min) =
5 f 'c Acp
lb;
5> kMNt;RkLapEdkkgsrub
A
A A
a. sRmab;eCIgmYyrbs;Edkkg vt = t + v
s
s 2s
Al = 851.72mm 2
T.Chhay
438
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
b.
c.
dMeNaHRsay
eyagtamdMeNaHRsaykg]TahrNITI 15>3
!> kmaMgKNnaKW V u = 213.5kN nig compatibility torsion Tu = 41kN .m
@> CMhan (a) nig (b) dUcKaenAkg]TahrN_TI 15>3. eKRtUvkarEdkRTnug.
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
439
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
10 = 38.7 kN .m
=
1840
3 Pcp
3
Tcr =
113
= 150.6mm
0.75
dMeNaHRsay
f 'c
Vc
2
bw d =
0.75 28
350 455 10 3 = 105.3kN
6
= 52.65kN
eKRtUvkarEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg
b. RtYtBinitfaetIEdkTb;karrmYlRtUvkarbGt;. snt;fasabcUlrYmkgkarTb;karrmYl RbEvg
T.Chhay
440
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
BIsmIkar !%>@0
Ta =
242500 2 6
0.75
10 = 7.7kN .m
28
2520
12
Tu > Ta
muxkat;RtUvkarEdkTb;karrmYl.
3> KNnaEdkTb;kmaMgkat;TTwg
a.
Vu = Vc + Vs
b.
c.
Vs = 173kN
2
Vs (max) =
f 'c bw d = 561.8kN > Vs
3
Av
V
173000
= s =
= 0.95mm 2 / m
s
f y d 400 455
eCIgBIr
Av 0.95
=
= 0.475mm 2 / m
2s
2
= 45o
b.
cot = 1.0
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
441
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
2
6
235000 27 10 2268
Left hand side =
= 2.47 MPa
+
350 455 1.7 135044 2
140400 2
28 = 3.3MPa
Right hand side = 0.75
+
350 455 3
c.
muxkat;manlkNRKb;RKan;
kMNt;EdkkgbiTCitedIm,ITb;karrmYl At / s BIsmIkar !%>@%
At
Tn
27 10 6
= 0.392mm 2 / m
=
=
s
2 Ao f yt cot 0.75 2 114787.4 400
d.
eCIgmYy
nig cot = 1.0
A
Al = t Ph = 0.392 2268 = 889mm 2
s
Al min
BIsmIkar !%>#0 KW
Al min =
5 28 242500
889 = 447.7mm 2
12 400
karcUlrYmrbs;sabRtUv)anecaledaysarTTYl)anlTplxusKatictYc nigtmBlkm
ticCag.
5> kMNt;RkLapmuxkat;EdkkgbiTCit
A
A A
a. sRmab;eCIgmYy vt = t + v
s
s 2s
muxkat;cM)ac; Avt = 0.392 + 0.475 = 0.867mm 2 / m eCIgmYy
eRCIserIsEdk DB12 As = 113mm 2
KMlatEdkkg = 0113
eRbI 125mm
= 130mm
.867
P
2268
b. KMlatEdkGtibrma s max = h =
= 283.5mm . eRbI s = 125mm dUckarKNna.
8
8
Avt 0.35bw 0.35 350
c.
=
=
= 0.31mm 2 / m < 0.867mm 2 / m dUcenHeRbI
s
f
400
yt
DB12 @125
442
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
b.
c.
karKNnasRmab;kmaMgrmYl
443
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
444
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
XVI.
FwmCab; nigeRKag
445
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
446
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
447
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
m:Um:g;Bt;viCmanGtibrmaenAkgFwmTRmsamBaEdlrgbnkBRgayesI w KWsitenAkNalElVg Ca
2
mYynwg M = wl8 . RbsinebIcugrbs;vamYy bTaMgBIrRtUv)anbn karTb;enAcugEdlCab;nwgbegItm:Um:g;
GviCmanenAelITRm ehIyTItaMgnbnkviCmanGtibrmaGacpas;brbnicBIkNalElVg. ragdabnFwm
Cab;sRmab;kardak;bnkEtelIElVgEtmYy RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 16>2 a . PaBdabcuHeRkambgaj
fam:Um:g;viCman ehIyPaBdabeLIgelIbgajm:Um:g;GviCman. RbsinebIRKb;ElVgEdldabcuHeRkamRtUv)an
dak;bnk enaHbnknImYynwgbegInm:Um:g;viCmanenAkgElVg AB rUbTI 16>2 d . dUcenHedIm,IKNna
m:Um:g;viCmanGtibrmaenAkgElVgNamYy bnkGefrRtUv)andak;enAelIElVgenaH nigenAelIElVgqas;TaMg
sgag. m:Um:g;bnkGefremKuNEdlKNnadUcBnl;BImunRtUv)anbEnmBIelIm:Um:g;bnkGefremKuNenA
elImuxkat;dUcKaedIm,ITTYl)anm:Um:g;viCmanGtibrma.
daRkamm:Um:g;Bt;Edl)anBIbnkBRgayesIenAelIElVg AB RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 16>2 b.
PaBdab nigm:Um:g;Bt;fycuHy:agelOnCamYynwgcmayBIElVg AB Edlrgbnk. dUcenH edIm,IsRmYl
karviPaKFwmCab; m:Um:g;enAkgElVgNamYyGacRtUv)anKNnaedayBicarNaEtFwmEdlrgbnk AB nig
FwmBIreTotEdlenAsgagva nigsnt;TRmbgb;enAcugEdlqayTaMgsgag rUbTI 16>2 c .
RbsinebIElVgEdlCab;nwgElVg AB RtUv)andak;bnk ExSekagdabRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUb 16>2 e .
PabdabenAkgElVg AB nwgeLIgelI ehIym:Um:g;GviCmannwgRtUv)anbegItenAkgFwm AB . m:Um:g;GviCmanenHnwgRtUv)anbEnmeTAelIm:Um:g;viCmanEdl)anBIbnkefredIm,ITTYl)anm:Um:g;Bt;cugeRkay. dUcenH
edIm,IKNnam:Um:g;viCmanGb,brma bm:Um:g;GviCmanGtibrma enAkgElVg AB bnkGefrRtUv)andak;
enAElVgEk,rnwgElVg AB nigRKb;ElVgqas;nwgElVgEdlrgbnk rUbTI 16>2 e .
16>2> 4> m:Um:g;GviCmanGtibrmaenAelITRm (Maximum Negative Moments at Supports)
kgkrNIenH eKcaM)ac;kMNt;m:Um:g;GviCm anGtibrmaenAelITRmNamYy dUcCaTRm A rUbTI 16>3.
enAeBlEdlElVg AB RtUv)andak;bnk m:Um:g;GviCmanRtUv)anbegItenAelITRm A . dUcKa bnknElVg
AF knwgbegItm:Um:g;GviCmanenAelI A Edr. dUcenH edIm,IKNnam:Um:g;GviCmanGtibrmaenAelITRmNa
mYy bnkGefrRtUv)andak;enAelIElVgEk,rTaMgBIr nigenAelIRKb;ElVgqas;TaMgsgag rUbTI 16>3.
T.Chhay
448
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
]TahrN_TI 16>1
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
449
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
km<s;rbs;FwmGacRtUv)ankMNt;edayeRbIemKuNnkRmas;FwmGb,brmadUcEdl)anbgajenA
kgtarag]bsm<n B.6. sRmab; f y = 420MPa km<s;FwmGb,brmarbs;FwmTI1 AB KW
T.Chhay
450
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
yk wu = 69.5kN / m
3> m:Um:g;enAkgFwm ABC emKuNm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 9>8. FwmCab;Kaman 5 ElVg
ehIysIuemRTIKaeFobGkSkNalRtg;cMNuc D . dUcenH eKcaM)ac;KNnaEtFwmBak;kNal
ABCD BIeRBaHFwmBak;kNaleTotnwgmanTMhMehIynwgbrimaNEdkdUcKa. edaysarElVg
AB nig BC minesIKaEtmanpleFob 7.9 / 7.2 mantmtUcCag 1.2 enaHemKuNm:Um:g; ACI
GacGnuvt)ansRmab;FwmenH. elIsBIenHRbEvg clear span mFmEdlenAEk,rRtUv)aneRbI
edIm,IKNnam:Um:g;GviCmanenAelITRm.
m:Um:g;enAmuxkat;eRKaHfak;RtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam rUbTI 16>4
M u = coefficient wu ln2
TItaMg
emKuNm:Um:g;
M u kN .m
1
16
206.8
@
+
1
14
236.35
1
10
365.3
$
+
1
16
250.9
1
11
364.9
^
+
1
16
250.9
Mu
365.3 10 6
=
= 493.5mm
Ru b
5 300
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
451
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
c.
M u (kN .m)
206.8
365.3
364.9
Ru ( MPa)
2.36
4.17
4.17
(%)
0.74
1.39
1.39
As (mm 2 )
1199
2252
2252
cMnYnEdk DB30
Mu
250.9 10 6
=
= 1321.2mm 2
a 0.9 400(540 12.5)
f y d
2
As f y
1321.2 400
a a=
=
= 12.34mm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 28 1800
RtYtBinit
CamYy a = 12.34mm eKTTYl)an As = 1305.5mm 2 . dUcenHeRbIEdk 3DB25
As = 1472.6mm 2 sRmab;RKb;muxkat;kNalElVgTaMgGs;. bg;EdklMGitRtUv)anbgaj
enAkgrUbTI 16>5.
5> KNnaFwmsRmab;kmaMgkat;TTwg dUcEdl)anBnl;enAkgemeronTI 8.
6> RtYtBinitPaBdab nigsameRbH dUcEdl)anBnl;enAkgemeronTI 9.
T.Chhay
452
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
453
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
454
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
16>4>
Portal Frames
pSMeLIgedayFwmebtugGarem:EdlrwgRtUv)ancak;CamYynigTRmssrrbs;va. tMN
rvagFwm nigssrRtUv)anBicarNabgb;rwgCamYynwgplbUkm:Um:g;enARtg;tMNesIsUn. Portal frames
RtUv)aneRbIenAkgsMNg;salEdlmanElVgFM (large-span halls)/erag (sheds)/ s<an nigs<ankat;
RClgPM (viaducts). Ggt;EpkxagelIrbs;eRKagGacedk (portal frames) beRTt (gable frames)
rUb TI 16>8. eCIgeRkamrbs;eRKagGacCaTRmbgb; bTRmsnak;.
Portal frames saTicminkMNt;GacRtUv)anviPaKedayviFIEbgEckm:Um:g; bviFIdTeTotEdleRbI
edIm,IviPaKeRKagsaTicminkMNt;. Ggt;rbs;eRKagRtUv)anKNnasRmab;m:Um:g; kmaMgkat;TTwg nigkmaMg
Ekg b:uEneCIgtagRtUv)anKNnaedIm,IRTkmaMgEdlmanGMeBIenA)atssr.
Fwm nigssrrbs;eRKagGacmanTMhMesI bERbRbYl dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 16>8. kmaMgenAkg
portal frames EdlmanmYyElVgehIymanmuxkat;esIGacRtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam
Portal frames
I1
M B = MC =
wL2
4K
2
m:Um:g;viCmanGtibrmaenAkNalElVg BC = wL8 + M B
kmaMgRbtikmtamTisedkenARtg;cMNuc A KW H A = M B / h = H D
kmaMgRbtikmtamTisQrenARtg;cMNuc A KW V A = wL / 2 = VD
sRmab;bnkBRgayesIenAelIEtBak;kNalFwm BC rUbTI 16>9 b
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
455
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M B = MC =
HA = HD =
wL2
8K
MB
h
V A = 3wL / 8
nig
VD = wL / 8
T.Chhay
wL2
4K
456
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
MB
2
wL2
M (midspan) =
+ MB
8
3M A
HA = HD =
2
MA = MD =
nig V A = VD = wL2
sRmab;bnkBRgayesIenAelIEtBak;kNalFwm BC
I
h
K 2 = 1 + 6 2
I1 L
2
1
wL 1
MA =
8 3K1 8 K 2
MC =
wL2 2
1
8 3K1 8 K 2
HA = HD =
VA =
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
MB =
1
wL2 2
+
8 3K1 8 K 2
MD =
wL2 1
1
8 3K1 8 K 2
1
wL2
8
K1 h
wL
VD
2
nig
VD =
457
wL
1
1
8 4 K 2
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
16>5> eRKagTUeTA
T.Chhay
NPIC
(General Frames)
458
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
459
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
460
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
. kugRtaMgtUcRtUv)ansnt;edaysarkarvilenAsnak;cg;Bt;Edk nigegItkugRtaMgBt;TI
BIr (secondary flexural stresses). CaTUeTA eKcaM)ac;RtUvrkSakugRtaMgsgt;[tUclmRbesIrCagKNna
kugRtaMgTIBIr. RkLapEdk A nig B RtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam
RkLapmuxkat;Edk A As1 = 0.55R1 f
!^>!
(factored load)
!^>@
2 cos sin
!^># b
Edksnak;eRTtbBankmaMgrbs;vatamrycMNgenAtamRbEvgEdkbgb;eTAkgssreRKag nig
eCIgtag. dUcenH EdkeRTtbeBajkmaMgFak;ecjeRkA EdlRtUvTb;edayEdkcMNg. EdkcMNgRtUv)an
dak;elIcmay a = 8D Ggt;pitEdkEdlFMCageKkgcMeNam A nig B TaMgenAkgssr nigeCIg
tag. kmaMgFak;ecj (bursting force) GacRtUv)ankMNt;dUcxageRkam
P
Ha
F = u tan +
!^>$
2
0.85d
RbsinebIkarcUlrYmrbs;ebtugRtUv)anecal enaHRkLapmuxkat;rbs;EdkcMNg Ast EdlcaM)ac;
Tb;kmaMg F KW
F
F
!^>%
Ast =
=
f
0.85 f
R1 =
kugRtaMgenAkgEdkcMNgkGacRtUv)ankMNt;dUcxageRkam
Pu
Ha
tan +
0.85d 0.85 f
f s ( tie) = 2
y
0.005ab + Ast ( tie)
Edl
!^>^
RkLpmuxkat;Edkkgkgcmay a = 8D
d = km<s;RbsiTPaBrbs;muxkat;ssr
Ast =
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
461
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
TTwgrbs;muxkat;ssr
snak;RbePTenHRtUv)aneRbIsRmab;kmaMglm nigRtUv)ankMNt;edaycMnYnEdkeRTtGtibrma
EdlGacRtUv)andak;enAkgTTwgssr.
b=
462
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
463
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
]TahrN_16>2
dMeNaHRsay
karKNnaeRKagemnGKarrYmmandUcxageRkam
- KNnakRmalxNmYyTis
- viPaK Portal frame
- KNnaFwmeRKagEdlbNalmkBIm:Um:g;
- KNnaFwmeRKagEdlbNalmkBIkmaMgkat;
- KNnassr
- KNnasnak;
- KNnaeCIgtag
T.Chhay
464
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
465
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
c.
NPIC
dUcenH wu = 56.5kN / m
kMNt;m:Um:g;niclPaBnmuxkat;Fwm nigmuxkat;ssr. FwmeFVIkarCalkNmuxkat;GkSr T .
TTwgRbsiTPaBrbs;kRmalxNEdleFVIskmPaBCamYynwgFwmKWCatmtUcCageKn 1/ 4
n RbEvgElVg = 12 / 4 = 3m / 16hs + bw = 16 0.12 + 0.4 = 2.32m nig 3.6m . yk
b = 2.32m . TIRbCMuTmn;nmuxkat;BIsrsxagelIeKKW
y=
2320
400
120 3 + 2320 120 94.89 2 +
+ 400 2 165.112
I b (beam) =
12
12
= 9336 10 6 mm 4
400 520 3
= 9374 10 6 mm 4
12
400 500 3
= 4167 10 6 mm 4
12
KNnaemKuN K
9374 10 6
I
h
4500
= 4.68
K = 3 + 2 b = 3 + 2
+
6
12000
4167
10
L Ic
wu L2
56.5 12 2
= 434.6kN .m
=
=
4K
4 4.68
m:Um:g;viCmanGtibrmaenAkNalElVg BC esInwg
wu
L2
56.5 12 2
+ MB =
434.6 = 582.4kN / m
8
8
kmaMgRbtikmedkenARtg;cMNuc A KW
HA = HD =
M B 434.6
=
= 96.6kN
h
4.5
kmaMgRbtikmbBarenARtg; A KW
T.Chhay
466
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
wu L
+ weight of column
2
56.5 12
VA =
+ 0.4 0.5 4.5 25 = 361.5kN
2
V A = VD =
e.
f.
daRkamm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 16>17.
edIm,IBicarNa\TiBl sideway enAelIeRKag bnkGefrRtUv)andak;enAelIEtBak;kNalFwm
BC ehIym:Um:g;RtUv)anKNnaenARtg;muxkat;eRKaHfak;. krNIenHmineRKaHfak;enAkg]TahrN_enHeT.
kmaMgkat;TTWgGtibrmaenAcugTaMgBIrrbs;Fwm BC ekItmanenAeBlFwmRtUv)andak;bnkCa
mYynwgbnkemKuN wu b:uEnkmaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmaekItmanenAeBlEdlFwmRtUv)andak;
bnkCamYynwgEtBak;kNalbnkGefr nigbnkefreBj
56.5 12
= 339kN
2
L
12
Vu (at midspan) = W1 = 1.7 4 3.6 = 36.72kN
8
8
Vu (at support ) =
g.
h.
kmaMgtamGkSenAkgssrnImYyKW V A = VD = 361.5kN
ykcMNucm:Um:g;sUnenAkgFwm BC sitenAcmay x BI B / enaH
x
x2
M B = wu L wu
2
2
x
x2
434.6 = 56.5 12 56.5
2
2
x = 1.46m
x 2 12 x + 15.384 = 0
BITRm B
3> KNnaFwm BC
a. KNnamuxkat;eRKaHfak;enAkNalElVg. M u = 582.4kN .m / TTwgRTnugKW bw = 400mm
TTwgsabKW b = 2320mm nig d = 520 90 = 430mm snt;eRbIEdkBIrRsTab;.
RtYtBinitfaetImuxkat;eFVIkarCaragmuxkat;ctuekaNCamYynwgTTwgRbsiTPaB
b = 2320mm bGt;? snt; a = 25mm enaH
582.4 10 6
= 3874.9mm 2
a
25
f y (d ) 0.9 400 430
2
2
As f y
3874.9 400
a=
=
= 28mm < 120mm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 28 2320
As =
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
Mu
467
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Mu
bd 2
434.6 10 6
400 460 2
= 5.135MPa
ersIusg;kmaMgkat;Edlpl;edayebtug
Vc =
f 'c bw d =
0.75
28 400 460 10 3 = 121.7 kN
6
d.
177.2
= 236.3kN
0.75
T.Chhay
468
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RtYtBinitsRmab;KMlatGtibrman d2 Vs 13
Vs
f 'c bw d
28
400 460 10 3 = 324.5kN
3
Av f y d
s
a.
b.
dUcenH/ karKNnaGgt;CassrxI.
dMeNIrkarKNnaRsedogKanwg]TahrN_TI 11>16 nig 11>3.
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
469
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
.6
cMNakpit (e) = MP u = 434
= 1.282m
339
u
vaCacMNakpitFM nigvaRtUv)ansnt;Camuxkat;enAkgtMbn; transition region/ < 0.9
d = 500 60 = 440mm
c.
nig As = bd = 3220.8mm 2
eRCIserIs 3DB28 nig 2DB32 As = 3456mm 2 .
eRCIserIs A's = As / 3 = 3220.8 / 3 = 1074mm 2 nig 3DB22 A's = 1140mm 2 rUbTI
16>18. enAeBlcMNakpit e mantmFM/ vaCakarGnuvtFmta A's = As / 3 b As / 2
CMnYs[ As = A's .
RtYtBinitlTPaBnmuxkat;cugeRkayedayeRbI As = 3456mm 2 nig A's = 1140mm 2
Rsedognwg]TahrN_ 11>3 GaRsyeTAtamCMhanxageRkam
= 0.0183
d.
i.
Pn = Cc + C s T
Cc = 0.85 f 'c ab = 0.85 28 400a = 9520a
C s = A' s ( f ' s 0.85 f 'c ) = 1140(400 0.85 28) = 428868kN
T = As f y = 3456 400 = 1382400kN
Pn = 9520a + 428868 1382400 = 9520a 953532
ii.
(I)
Kitm:Um:g;eFobRtg; As
Pn =
1
a
Cc d + C s (d d ')
e'
2
1
a
Pn =
9520a 440 + 428868(440 60 )
1445.32
2
T.Chhay
470
(II)
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
iii.
iv.
t =
250
= 0.858
3
= 0.65 + ( t 0.002)
muxkat;RKb;RKan;.
6> epgpat;muxkat;ssrenAkm<s; 2.25m Bak;kNalBI A . M u = 434.6 / 2 = 217.3kN .m
Pu = 339 + 11.25 = 350.25kN
R1
305300
=
= 1387.7mm 2
0.55 f y 0.55 400
R2
112100
=
= 509.5mm 2
0.55 f y 0.55 400
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
471
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
b.
NPIC
Pu
Ha
tan +
2
0.85d
= 30 o d = 440mm
T.Chhay
nig a = 200mm
472
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
F=
96.6 200
361.5
tan 30 o +
= 156kN
2
0.85 440
156000
=
= 458.8mm 2
0.85 400
RkLapmuxkat;EdkcMNg
RbsinebIEdkcMNgbiTCit DB10 eCIgBIr RtUv)anerIs enaHRkLapmuxkat;KW 157mm 2 .
.8
cMnYnEdkcMNgKW 458
= 2.9 . eRbIEdkcMNg 3 kgEdlmanKMlat 200 / 2 = 100mm
157
dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 16>19.
8> KNnaeCIgtag RbsinebIkm<s;eCIgtagRtUv)ansnt;esI h' enaHkmaMgEdlmanGMeBIelIeCIgtag
CakmaMgEkg P nigm:Um:g; M = H / h' . sMBaFdIRtUv)anKNnaBIsmIkar !#>!$ BIemeronTI 13
q=+
P Mc
viFIsaRsKNnaeCIgtagmanlkNRsedogKaeTAnwg]TahrN_TI 13>7.
16>7> esckIepImBIkarKNnasanPaBkMNt;
16>7>1> lkNTUeTA (General)
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
473
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
karKNnasanPaBkMNt;neRKOgbgMmanbICMhandUcxageRkam
- karkMNt;bnkKNnaemKuN EdlTTYledayKuNbnkefr nigbnkGefrCamYynwgemKuNbnk.
ACI Code TTYlnUvemKuNdUcEdl[enAkgemeronTI3.
- viPaKeKOgbgMeRkamGMeBIbnkemKuN (ultimate or factor load) edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g;emKuN nig
kMmaMgemKuNenAeBlEdleKOgbgMdYl b)ak;. viFInkarviPaKenHRtUv)aneRbIsRmab;karKNna
eRKOgbgMEdk EtsRmab;eRKOgbgMebtugGarem: ACI Code min)anTTYlykviFIenHTaMgGs;eT
edaysarkarxVHPaBsVit (ductility) rbs;Ggt;ebtugGarem:. ACI Code GnuBaatEtEpknkar
EbgEckeLIgvijnUvm:Um:g;edayEpk (partial redistribution of moment) enAkgrcnasm<neday
QrelIPaKryEdl)anmkBIkarBiesaFn_ EdlnwgBnl;kgemeronenH.
- KNnaGgt;nImYyneRKOgbgMedaysnt;fava)ak;edaym:Um:g;emKuN nigkmaMgemKuNEdl)an
mkBIkarviPaKeRKOgbgM. viFIenHRtUv)aneRbIR)as;CaTUeTAsRmab;karKNnaebtugGarem: ehIy
ACI Code GnuBaatnUvkareRbIR)as;viFIKNnalTPaBRTRTg; (strength design method)
dUcEdl)an Bnl;kgemeronkngmk.
16>7> 2> KMnitnkarKNnasanPaBkMNt; (Limit Design Concept)
karKNnasanPaBkMNt;enAkngebtugGarem:sMedAelIkarEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijEdlekItman
enAelIeRKOgbgMTaMgmUl dUcEdlEdkBRgwgenAmuxkat;eRKaHfak;eFVIkardl; yield strength rbs;va.
ersIusg;cugeRkay (ultimate strength) rbs;eRKOgbgMekIneLIgenAeBlmuxkat;rbs;vaekIneLIg. eTaH
bICakaryal (yielding) rbs;EdkeFVI[manPaBdabFM EdlKYrEteCosvageRkambnkeFVIkar (service
load) eRKOgbgMsaTicminkMNt;mindYlb)ak;enAeBlEdlEdkBRgwgnmuxkat;TImYyyal. elIsBIenH
ersIusg;EdlbMrugTuky:ageRcInsitenAcenaHkaryaldMbUg nigkar)ak;rbs;eRKOgbgM.
kgkarKNnaeRKOgbgMEdk BakkarKNna)asic (plastic design) RtUv)aneRbIedIm,Ibgajkar
pas;brkgkarEbgEckm:Um:g;enAkgeRKOgbgMdUcCa steel fiber enARtg;muxkat;eRKaHfak; rgkugRtaMg
rhUtdl;ersIsg;yal. karekIneLIgnUvkugRtaMgtamkm<s;rbs;muxkat;EdkeRkamkarekIneLIgrbs;bnk
RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 16>20. Portal frame RtUv)anBiesaFn_edIm,IGegtlTPaBRTRTg;karvil
rbs;snak;)asicrbs;ebtugGarem:. b:uEn ACI Code tRmUv[mankarsikSaRsavRCavCaeRcIneTotmun
nwgTTYlykkarKNnasanPaBkMNt;.
T.Chhay
474
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
475
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
476
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
477
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
manEtlkxNbIdMbUgeTEdlGnuvtkgkarKNna)asic edaysarlTPaBTb;rgVilmanenAkg
smarsVitdUcCaEdkrYceTAehIy. lkxNTIbYnbegInEdnkMNt;bEnmeTAelIkarKNnakMNt;nGgt;eb
tugGarem:edayeRbobeFobCamYykarKNna)asic (plastic design).
T.Chhay
478
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
]TahrN_16>3
479
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
1>
T.Chhay
480
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
2>
Wi = internal work = M u = M u1 ( ) + M u 2 (2 )
]TahrN_16>4
dMeNaHRsay
1>
2>
cMnYcsnak;)asicKW 2 .
sRmab;PaBdabenARtg; C = 1.0 mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc A A = 1 / a nig B = 1 / b ehIy
c = A + B =
3>
a+b L
=
ab
ab
kmnxageRkAKW We = wu = wu 12 L = w2u L
kmnxagkgKW Wi = M u = M u1 A + M u 2 C
1
1 1
+ M u2 +
a
a b
M
M
2M
wu = u1 + u 2 + u 2
L a
a
La
= M u1
dak;[ We nig Wi
RbsinebIm:Um:g;TaMgsgagesIKa enaH
wu =
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
2M u
L
2
1 2M u 2 L a
a + (L a ) = L a (L a )
481
!^>(
!^>!0
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
482
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
4>
edIm,IKNnaTItaMgsnak;)asicenARtg; C EdlbegIttmGb,brmanbnkEdleFIV[)ak;
wu eFVIedrIevsmIkarTI !^>( eFobnwg a nigdak;[vaesIsUn
wu
=0
a
RbsinebI M u1
M
M
M u 2
=0
2u1 + u2 2
a
a
(L a )2
2
1
= M u2 = M u
=
2
a
( L a )2
enaH
b
a = L(2 2 ) = 0.586 L
BIsmIkar !^>!0 bnkEdleFVI[)ak;KW wu = 11.66(M u / L2 ) nigm:Um:g;EdleFVI[)ak; KW
M u = 0.0858wu L2 . RbtikmenAcMNuc A KW 0.586 wu L nig RbtikmenARtg;cMNuc B
KW 0.414wu L .
enAkgviFIlMnwg lMnwgrbs;Fwm brbs;Ggt;dac;edayELkrbs;FwmRtUv)ansikSaeRkambnk
EdlbgajenAeBl)ak;. edIm,IbgajkarviPaKedayviFIenH ]TahrN_BIxagmuxTaMgBIr
RtUv)aneFVIeLIgvijenATIenH.
]TahrN_16>5
dMeNaHRsay
= M u 2
L 2
2
L
M u1 + 2M u 2 = Pu
2
L
2
M u = Pu
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
L
2
483
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
]TahrN_16>6
dMeNaHRsay
1>
wu u1 b (wu b ) = M u 2
2
2
L
RbsinebI M u1 = M u 2 = M u enaH
b
(L b ) = M u (1 + b ) = M u (2 L a )
2
L
L
2M u (2 L a )
wu =
L
a (L a )
wu
EdlRsedogKanwgsmIkar !^>$
Mu =
2>
wu L a(L a )
(2 L a )
2
T.Chhay
484
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RbEvgsnt;rbs;snak;)asicRtUv)ansnt;famanRbEvgRbEhlkm<s;RbsiTPaB.
Corley )anesInUvsmIkarxageRkamsRmab;RbEvgsmmUlnsnak;)asic
z
l p = 0.5d + 0.2 d
d
!^>!!
Edl z = cmaynmuxkat;eRKaHfak;eTAcMNucm:Um:g;sUn nig d = km<s;RbsiTPaBrbs;muxkat;.
Mattock )anesInUvTRmg;dsmBa
l p = 0.5d + 0.05 z
!^>!@
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
485
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
486
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
emKuNsMxan;mYyeTotEdlTak;TgkgkarKNnamMurgVil)asicKWemKuNEbgEckkMeNag . kM
eNagtambeNaysnak;)asicERbRbYly:agFM ehIyenAkgkarKNnamMurgVilemKuNenHminRtUv)anKit
EdleFVI[karKNnasnak;)asicmantmFM. eyagtamrUbTI 16>27 RkLapqUt ABC tag[mMurgVil
minEmneGLasicEdlGacekItmanenAsnak;)asic b:uEnRkLapGt;qUt EBF tag[karcUlrYmn
lkNeGLasicrbs;mMurgVilelIRbEvgrbs;Ggt;. RkLapqUt ABC GacRtUv)ansnt; esInwgplKuN
rvag nigRkLapsrub ABCD enAkgRbEvgsnak;)asic l p / 2 EdlenAelIRCugmag rbs;muxkat;
eRKaHfak;. emKuNEbgEckkMeNag CapleFobnmMurgVil)asicBit pc elI l p Edl CakMeNag
nig l p CaRbEvgnsnak;)asic. tm sitenAcenaH 0.5 nig 0.6 . karBiesaF)anbgajfa
GacRtUv)ansnt;esInwg 0.56 . enAeBlEdlEdk fibers EdlmanTMBk;cugRtUv)aneRbIenA kgFwmebtug
tm fycuHGaRsyeTAnwgsmIkarxageRkam
= 0.56 0.16 s
!^>!$
Edl s CaPaKry fibers Edk/ 0 s 1.2% . karfycuHnemKuNEbgEckkMeNagnebtugEdl
eRbIEdk fibers min)anbgajfalTPaBTb;rgVilfycuHeT. kMeNag)asicrbs;ebtugEdleRbIEdk fibers
EtgEtFMCagkMeNag)asicrbs;ebtugEdlmineRbIEdk fibers. rUbTI 16>28 bgajBIkarEbgEckkM
eNagtambeNayRbEvgsnak;)asic. RkLap ABC1 tag[mMurgVil)asicsRmab;ebtugEdlmin
manEdk fibers/ = 0.56 b:uEnRkLap ABC 2 nig ABC3 tag[mMurgVil)asicsRmab;ebtugEdl
manEdk fibers 0.8% nig 1.2% erogKa.
16>12>3> snsSn_nPaBsVit (Ductilty Index )
pleFobnkMeNagemKuNnigkMeNagyaldMbUgRtUv)aneK[eQaHfasnsSn_nPaBsVit/
= u / y . snsSn_nPaBsVitrbs;ebtugGarem:ERbRbYlcenaH 4 nig 6 . RbsinebIEdk fibers
RtUv)aneRbIenAkgFwmebtugGarem: enaHsnsSn_nPaBsVitekIneLIgtamsmIkarxageRkam
' = (1.0 + 3.8 s )
!^>!%
Edl = pleFobkMeNagemKuNelIkMeNagyaldMbUg
' = snsSn_nPaBsVitnebtugEdlmanEdk fibers
s = PaKrynEdk fibers edaymaD/ 0 s 1.2%
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
487
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
(0.0035 c1 )d
d
0.0035 c1
488
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
=
=
d c E s d d E s 1
c1 = y
Edl
E s (1 )
sRmab;Edk f y = 280MPa nigedayeRbItmGtibrman = 0.50 enaH
fy =
min =
0.0035
280
= 4.2 10 3 rad
5
0 .5
2 10 (1 0.5)
sRmab;Edk
min =
f y = 400MPa
0.0035
280
= 4.38 10 3 rad
5
0.44
2 10 (1 0.44)
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
489
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Edl)anKNnaenATIenH)anBIEtmag ehIymMurgVilGnuBaatsrubenARtg;snk;)asicesInwg
2 min b 2 . BitGacRtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam
eKman a = 1c nig 1 = 0.85 sRmab; f 'c 28MPa
min
c=
As f y
(0.85)2 f 'c b
f y
As f y
c
=
=
0.5
d 0.72 f ' c bd 0.72 f ' c
!^>!(
0.0015 0.5h
= 0.00075rad
h
CamYynwgEdkkgvN/ GacnwgekIneLIgdl;
max = (0.012 0.002)
0.5h
= 0.005rad
h
0.0035
!^>@!
p =
E (1 )
Edl
T.Chhay
490
!^>@@
!^>!$
Continuouse Beams and Frames
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
ersIusg;yalrbs;Edk
E s = m:UDleGLasicrbs;Edkem
= PaKryEdkem
s = PaKryEdk fibers KitmaD
smIkar !^>@! Bgajy:agc,as;famMurgVil)asicnebtugGarem:EdleRbIEdk fibers KWGaRsyeTA
nwg PaKryEdkem/ PaKryEdk fibers nigersIusg;yalrbs;va. karbegInersIusg;yalkat;bnymMu
rgVil)asic. smIkar !^>@! krab;bBalnUv\TiBlnRbEvgsnak;)asicenAelImMurgVilEdr.
xageRkamCaTRmg;EdlRtUv)amsRmYledIm,IKNnamMurgVil)asic
0.003
!^>@#
p =
]TahrN_ RbsinebI s = 0 nig f y = 400MPa enaH p1 = 0.00289 / nigRbsinebI s = 1% /
= 1.5% nig f y = 400MPa enaH p 2 = 0.01235 / . enHmannyfa lTPaBTb;mMurgVilrbs;
FwmebtugGarem:nwgekIneLIgRbEhlbYndgRbsinebIeKeRbIEdk fibers 1% .
fy =
- epgpat;PaBdab nigsameRbHeRkamGMeBIbnkeFVIkar
- RtYtBinitemIlfaEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgRKb;RKan;RtUv)andak;enARKb;muxkat;
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
491
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
]TahrN_16>7
dMeNaHRsay
kmnxagkgEdlRsUbedaysnak;)asicKW
Wi = M u (at A) + M u (at B) + 2 M u (at C)
4M u
= 4 M u =
3 .7
wu L2
L
7 .4 2
7 .4
+ Pu = 80
+ 213.5
= 471.3kN .m
16
8
16
8
471.3 10 6
= 676mm
2.95 350
T.Chhay
492
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
c=
a
= 162.35mm
0.85
4> mMurgVilcaM)ac;rbs;snak;)asicKW
a. A =
c 162.35
=
= 0.24
d
676
L
[2(M A M FA ) + (M B M FB )]
6 Ec I
c.
wu L2
L
7 .4 2
7 .4
+ Pu = 80
+ 213.5
= 562.55kN .m
12
8
12
8
m:Um:g;)asic M A = M B = 471.3kN .m
m:Um:g;niclPaBnmuxkat;eRbHGacRtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam
I cr = b
x3
+ nAs (d x )2
3
A =
6 21676 68.44 10
= 0.00227 rad
5> lTPaBTb;mMurgVilKW
A =
0.0035
fy
E s (1 )
0.0035
280
0.24
200000(1 0.24)
138
a
6
M n = As f y d = 0.9 3079 280 676
10 = 471kN .m
2
2
471
= 1.34
yielding
351.6
pleFobKW
enARtg;TRm.
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
EdltMNag[emKuNsuvtiPaBRbqaMgnwg
493
rbs;Edk
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
wL4
384 EI
sRmab;bnkcMcMNucenAkNalElVg
T.Chhay
494
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
2 =
PL3
192 EI
PaBdabsrubKW
=
50 7400 4
133400 7400 3
192 21676 68.44 108
= 4.53mm
EdlCapleFobtUcEmnETn
8> brimaNEdkkmaMgkat;TTwgRKb;RKan;RtUv)andak;edIm,IeCosvagkar)ak;edaykmaMgkat;TTwg
EdlGacekItman.
16>14> karEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijnm:Um:g;GviCmanenAkgFwmCab;
Moment Distribution of Negative Moments in Continuous Beams
karEbgEckm:Um:g;GviCmaneLIgvijenAkgGgt;rgkarBt;Cab;KWQrelIsac;lUteFobsuT (net
tensile strain NTS) t sRmab;TaMgebtugGarem: nigebtugeRbkugRtaMg. rUbTI 16>31 bgajlImIt
GnuBaatkgkarEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvij. vabgajfaPaKrym:Um:g;GviCmanekIneLIg bfycuHenAelITRm
rbs;FwmCab; q' EdlKNnaedayRTwsIeGLasicminRtUvFMCag 1000 t % CamYytmGtibrma 20% .
karEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijRtUv)anGnuBaatEtenAeBlEdl t 0.0075 EdlbgajfavamanPaBsVit
RKb;RKan;enARtg;muxkat;Edlm:Um:g;RtUv)ankat;bny. enAeBl t < 0.0075 karEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvij
minRtUv)anGnuBaateLIy. m:Um:g;GviCmanEdl)anEktMrYvRtUv)aneRbIsRmab;KNnam:Um:g;viCmanEdl)an
EktRmUv (ACI Code, Section 8.4) . karEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijminRtUv)anGnuvtcMeBaHGgt;Edl
KNnaedayviFIKNnaedaypal;sRmab;RbBnkRmalxNeT eyagtamemeronTI 17.
Casegb PaBryekIneLIg nigPaKryfycuHnm:Um:g;GviCmanmandUcxageRkam
- enAeBlEdl t < 0.0075 karEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijminRtUv)anGnuBaat / b > 0.476 .
- enAeBlEdl t = 0.0075 PaKrynkarEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijKW 7.5% / b = 0.476 .
- enAeBlEdl t > 0.020 PaKrynkarEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijKW 20% / b = 0.217 .
- enAeBlEdl 0.0075 < t < 0.020 PaKryEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijKW
q '= 1000 t
!^>@$
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
495
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
fy
0.003 +
Es
t =
sRmab;Edk
f y = 400MPa
0.003
#>@$
0.005
0.003
t =
b
f y / E s = 0.002
enaH
#>@%
T.Chhay
496
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RKb;PaKryEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijEdlRtUv)aneRbI vacaM)ac;RtUvFanafamuxkat;minrgnUvkarxUc
xat bmansameRbHFMedaysarbnkeFVIkar ehIyvaRtUvrkSalTPaBTb;rgVilenARKb;muxkat;eRKaHfak;enA
kgeRKOgbgM. karEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijenAkgeRKOgbgMsaTicminkMNt;eFVI[m:Um:g;GviCmanenAelITRm
nigm:Um:g;viCmanenAkNalElVgfycuH. karfycuHenHmin)aneFVI[suvtiPaBrbs;eRKOgbgMfycuH beFVI
[maneRKaHfak;enaHeT ebIeRbobeFobCamYyeRKOgbgMsaTickMNt;. CakarBit PaBCab;enAkgrcna
sm<npl;nUversIusg;/ sirPaB nigesdkicbEnmeTotkgkarKNna.
emKuNEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvij q EdlQrelI (ACI Code 318-99) RtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam
( ')
!^>@%
q = 20 1
f y = 400MPa
0.0075
0.010
0.0125
0.0150
0.0175
0.020
0.0225
/ b
0.476
0.385
0.323
0.278
0.244
0.217
0.196
q ' (%)
7 .5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
20
/ b
0.48
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.0074
0.0081
0.0095
0.0113
0.0137
0.017
0.022
q' (%)
0. 0
8.1
9 .5
11.3
13.7
17.0
20.0
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
497
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
f y ( MPa)
min
21
400
0.0215
0.0033
16.9
10
28
400
0.0285
0.0033
17.7
10
35
400
0.0339
0.003
17.9
10
]TahrN_16>8
kMNt;m:Um:g;eGLasicGtibrmaenARtg;TRm nigenAkNalElVgnFwmCab;EdlmanbYnElVgdUcbgajenA
kgrUbTI 16>32 a. Fwmmanmuxkat;esI nigRTnUvbnkefrBRgayesI 117kN / m nigbnkGefr
87.5kN . snt;PaKryEbEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijGtibrma 10% nigBicarNanUvkrNIBIrxageRkam
- enAeBlEdlbnkGefrRtUv)andak;enAelIElVgqas;Ka KNnam:Um:g;viCmanGtibrmaenAkgElVg
- enAeBlEdlbnkGefrRtUv)andak;enAelIElVgCab;Ka KNnam:Um:g;GviCmanGtibrmaenAelITRm
dMeNaHRsay
1>
w1 L13 w2 L32
4
4
edaysarElVgesIKa
L2
(w1 + w2 )
4
!^>@^
enAkg]TahrN_enH M A = M E = 0 . krNInkardak;bnk6EbbepSgKaRtUv)an
BicarNadUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 16>32
krNITI1> bnkefrRtUv)andak;enAelIFwm ABCDE TaMgmUl rUbTI 16>32 b.
krNITI2> bnkGefrRtUv)andak;enAelIElVg AB nig CD sRmab;m:Um:g;GtibrmaenAkg
ElVg AB nig CD rUbTI 16>32 c.
krNITI3> dUckrNITI 2 sRmab;ElVg BC nig DE rUbTI 16>32 d.
krNITI4> bnkGefrRtUv)andak;enAelIElVg AB / BC nig DE sRmab;m:Um:g;GviCmanenA
Rtg; B rUbTI 16>32 e.
M A + 4M B + M C =
T.Chhay
498
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
2>
62
(117 + 117) = 2106kN .m
4
M B + 4 M C + M D = 2106kN .m
M C + 4 M D = 2106kN .m
KNnasmIkarTaMgeyIgTTYl)an
M B = M D = 451.28kN .m nig M C = 300.9kN .m
sRmab;karkat;bnym:Um:g; 10%
M ' B = M ' D = 0.9 ( 451.28) = 406.2kN .m
m:Um:g;kNalElVgEdlRtUvKanwgm:Um:g;Edl)ankat;bnyehIyKW
2
wD L2 1
ElVg AB = DE = 8 + 2 M ' B = 1178 6 12 406.2 = 323.4kN .m
2
3>
62
(87.5) = 787.5kN .m
4
M B + 4 M C + M D = 787.5kN .m
M C + 4 M D = 787.5kN .m
KNnasmIkarTaMgeyIgTTYl)an
M B = M D = 168.75kN .m
nig M C = 112.5kN .m
m:Um:g;eGLasickNalElVgEdlRtUvKanwgm:Um:g;xagelIKW
2
2
Fwm AB = wL8L + 12 M B = 87.58 6 12 168.75 = 309.4kN .m
1
BC = 0 (168.75 + 112.5) = 140.6kN .m
2
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
499
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
wL L2 1
87.5 6 2
(168.75 + 112.5) =
140.625 = 253.1kN .m
8
8
2
1
DE = 0 168.75 = 84.4kN .m
2
CD =
m:Um:g;eGLasickNalElVgEdlRtUvKanwgm:Um:g;xagelIKW
2
2
Fwm AB = wL8L + 12 M ' B = 87.58 6 12 185.6 = 300.95kN .m
4>
5>
1
BC = 0 (185.6 + 123.75) = 154.7 kN .m
2
w L2 1
87.5 6 2
CD = L (123.75 + 185.6) =
154.7 = 239.05kN .m
8
2
8
1
DE = 0 185.6 = 92.8kN .m
2
62
(87.5) = 1575kN .m
2
M B + 4 M C + M D = 787.5kN .m
M C + 4 M D = 787.5kN .m
KNnasmIkarTaMgeyIgTTYl)an
M B = 379.7 kN .m / M C = 56.3kN .m
nig M D = 182.8kN .m
sRmab;karkat;bnym:Um:g; 10% Rtg; B
M ' B = 0.9( 379.7 ) = 341.7 kN .m
m:Um:g;kNalElVgEdlRtUvKaKW
T.Chhay
500
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
1
87.5 6 2 1
MB =
341.7 = 222.9kN .m
2
8
2
2
w L
1
87.5 6 2
BC = L (341.7 + 56.3) =
199 = 194.75kN .m
8
2
8
1
CD = 0 (56.3 + 182.8) = 119.55kN .m
2
w L2 1
87.5 6 2
DE = L 182.8 =
91.4 = 302.35kN .m
8
2
8
Fwm AB = wL8L
6>
7>
4M B + M C =
KNnasmIkarTaMgeyIgTTYl)an
M B = M D = 112.5kN .m
nig M C = 337.5kN .m
sRmab;karkat;bnym:Um:g; 10% Rtg; C
M 'C = 0.9( 337.5) = 303.75kN .m
M ' B = M ' D = 0.9( 112.5) = 101.25kN .m
m:Um:g;kNalElVgEdlRtUvKaKW
Fwm AB = DE = 12 101.2 = 50.6kN .m
BC = CD =
8>
wL L2 1
87.5 6 2
(101.2 + 303.95) =
202.6 = 191.15kN .m
8
2
8
m:Um:g;Gtibrma nigGb,brmaeRkaykarEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvijRtUv)anbgajenAkgtarag
16>4. Moment envelop RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 16>32 h.
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
501
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
9>
NPIC
5 1 + 3
m:Um:;gviCman
Gtibrma DL + LL
406.2
341.7
+ 28.1
747.9 *
378.1
300.9
303.75
604.65 *
300.9
406.2
341.7
+ 28.1
747.9 *
378.1
kNalElVg
AB
+ 323.4
92.8
+ 300.95
+ 230.6
+ 624.35 *
BC
+ 188
154.7
+ 239.05
+ 33.3
+ 427.05 *
CD
+ 188
154.7
+ 239.05
+ 33.3
+ 427.05 *
DE
+ 323.4
92.8
+ 300.95
+ 230.6
+ 624.35 *
(*)
m:Um:g;KNnaGtibrma nigGb,brmacugeRkay.
T.Chhay
502
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
503
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
504
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
]TahrN_16>9
dMeNaHRsay
f y = 420MPa b = 0.0285
'
q = 20 1
b
. emKuNEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvij
!^>@%
t =
FwmCab; nigeRKagCab;
fy
Es
0.003
505
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
nig t = 0.005
0.003
sRmab;
f y = 420MPa
EdkTaj
Edksgt;
'
A' s
As
'
b
q%
q '%
3DB 28
0.0126
0.44
11.2
0.008
3DB32
0.0164
0.58
8 .4
0.0056
3DB 20
0.0064
0.225
15.5
0.0192
19.2
4DB 25
0.0134
0.0064
0.246
15.1
0.0173
17.3
T.Chhay
3DB 20
506
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
XVII.
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
507
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
- edayeRbI drop panel EdlKan column capital. ebtugEdlBTCMuvij column capital KYr
EtRkas;RKb;RKan;edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkugRtaMgTajGgt;RTUgEdlekItBIkmaMgkat; punching
shear.
- edayeRbI column capital edayKan drop panel EdlCaviFImYyminFmta.
c. Flat-Plate floor CaRbBnkRmalxNBIrTisEdlmankRmas;kRmalxNesI nigsitenABIelI
ssredaypal;edayKanFwm b column capital rUbTI 17>2 a. kgkrNIenHssrcg;TMluH
kRmalxNedaykugRtaMgTajGgt;RTUg. dUcenH CaTUeTAeKRtUvkarbegInkRmas;kRmalxN
bdak;EdkBiess.
d. Two-way ribbed slabs nig waffle slab system kRmalxNRbePTenHekItBIkRmalxN
EdlmanpleFobbeNayelITTwgtUcCag 2. CaTUeTA kRmas;rbs;kRmalxNsitenAcenaH
5cm eTA 10cm nigRtUv)anRTedayrnUt (rib or joist) TaMgBIrTis. rnUtRtUv)anteRmobkgTis
nImYyCamYyKMlatRbEhlBI 50cm 75cm EdlbegItragkaer bctuekaNEkg rUbTI 17>2
c. rnUtkGacRtUv)anteRmobedaymMu 45 o b 60 o BIGkSrbs;kRmalxN EdlbegInesaPN
PaBsabtkm. sRmab; two-way ribbed slabs RbBnepSgGacRtUv)anTTYlyk
- RbBnrnUtBIrTisCamYynwgRbehagcenaHrnUtEdlTTYledayeRbIBum<Biess EdlCaTUeTA
manragkaer. rnUtRtUv)anRTedayrtTaMgbYnRCugEdlsitenABIelIssr. kRmalxN
RbePTenHRtUv)aneK[eQaHfa two-way ribbed (joist) slab system .
T.Chhay
508
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
509
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
510
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
511
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
512
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
513
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
514
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
515
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
516
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
17>6> kRmas;kRmalGb,brmaedIm,IkMritPaBdab
(Minimum Slab Thickness to Control Deflection)
kMNt;kRmas;kRmalxNsRmab;kRmalxNBIrTisedIm,IkMrit
PaBdab. TMhMnPaBdabrbs;kRmalxNGaRsynwgGefrCaeRcInEdlrYmbBalTaMgPaBrwgRkaj
Tb;karBt; (flexural stiffness) rbs;kRmalxNEdlbBalCaGnuKmn_nkRmas;kRmalxN h .
enAeBlbegInkRmas; kRmalxN enaHPaBrwgRkajTb;karBt;rbs;kRmalxNkekIneLIg ehIyPaB
dabrbs;kRmalxNnwgRtUvkat;bny. edaysarkarKNnaPaBdabsRmab;kRmalxNBIrTismanPaB
sKsaj nigedIm,IeCosvagPaBdabFM ACI Code kMNt;kRmas;kRmalxNTaMgenHedayTTYlykkar
ACI Code, Section 9.5.3
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
517
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
l n 0.8 +
1400
h=
36 + 5 ( fm 0.2)
b.
!&>!
b:uEnminRtUvtUcCag 125mm
sRmab; fm > 2
fy
l n 0.8 +
1400
h=
36 + 9
c.
T.Chhay
!&>@
b:uEnminRtUvtUcCag 90mm
sRmab; fm < 0.2
h = kRmas;kRmalxNGb,brmaedayKanFwmxagkg tarag 17>1
!&>#
Edl ln = clear span sRmab;TisEvgEdlvas;BIpQmKarbs;ssr
= pleFobn clear span EvgelI clear span xI
fm = tmmFmn f sRmab;RKb;FwmnRCugTaMgGs;rbs;bnHkRmal
f = CapleFobnPaBrwgRkajTb;karBt;nmuxkat;Fwm Ecb I b lIPaBrwgRkajTb;
karBt;nkRmalxN Ecs I s EdlBTCMuvijedayGkSbnHkRmalenABIelIFwmRCug
nImYy.
E I
f = cb b
!&>$
E cs I s
Edl Ecb nig Ecs Cam:UDuleGLasicrbs;ebtugenAkgFwm nigkRmalxN erogKa.
I b = m:Um:g;niclPaBTaMgmUlnmuxkat;FwmeFobGkSTIRbCMuTmn; muxkat;FwmrYmTaMg
beNaykRmalxNenAelIRCugTaMgsgagrbs;FwmEdlesInwgkm<s;FwmBIelI bBI
eRkamkRmalxNykmYyNaEdlFMCageK b:uEnminRtUvFMCagbYndgkRmas;
kRmalxN.
I s = m:Um:g;niclPaBnmuxkat;kRmalxNTaMgmUl.
b:uEn kRmas;kRmalxNminKYrtUcCagtmxageRkam
518
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
125mm
90mm
ln
36
ln
33
ln
36
ln
33
ln
36
ln
33
ln
40
ln
36
ln
40
ln
36
sRmab;EdkEdlman Yield Stress cenaH 280 nig 420 kRmas;Gb,brmaTTYl)anBI linear interpolation.
** Drop panel RtUv)ankMNt;enAkg ACI Sections 13.3.7.7 nig 13.3.7.2
*** kRmalxNEdlmanFwmcenaHssrtambeNayxagkg. tmn f sRmab;FwmminKYrmantmtUcCag
0 .8 .
*
519
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
520
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
1>
ln
f y = 420MPa nig
sRmab;bnHkRmalxNkac;RCugelx ! kRmas;Gb,brmaKW 30
KanFwmxagRtUv)aneRbI emIltarag 17>1.
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
521
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
yk
ma:gvijeTot smIkar !&>! nig !&>@
GacRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IKNnakRmas;Gb,brmaCamYy f = fm = 0 .
2> sRmab;bnHkRmalxagkgelx #> CamYy
f y = 420MPa kRmas;kRmalxNGb,brmaKW
l
hmin = n = 212mm yk 220 mm
33
ma:gvijeTot smIkar !&>! nig !&>@ GacRtUv)aneRbI.
RbsinebIRKb;bnHkRmalxNTaMgGs;eRbIkRmas;dUcKa enaHeKGacyk
hmin = 250mm .
dMeNaHRsay
T.Chhay
522
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RkLapsrub 3608cm 2
2088 9 + 1520 37 = 3608 y
y = 20.8cm
116
(18)3 + 2088(11.8)2 + 40 383 + 1520(19 2.8)2 = 928924.6cm 4
Ib =
12
12
3> m:Um:g;niclPaBnkRmalxNtamTisedAEvgKW
bh 3
Il =
Edl b = 600cm nig h = 18cm
12
Il =
600 3
18 = 291600cm 4
12
EI
928924.6
= b =
= 3.19
EI s
291600
tamTisedAEvg
4> m:Um:g;niclPaBnkRmalxNtamTisedAxIKW
fl
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
523
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
Is =
NPIC
760 3
18 = 369360cm 4
12
EI
928924.6
= b =
= 2.51
369360
EI s
tamTisedAxI
5> fm CatmmFmn fs nig fl
fs
3.19 + 2.51
= 2.85
2
7.6 0.5
=
= 1.29
6 0.5
fm =
6>
7> kMNt; hmin edayeRbIsmIkar !&>@ ln = 7.1m
hmin
420
7.1 0.8 +
1400
=
= 0.148m
36 + 5 1.29(2.82 0.2 )
7.81
= 0.164m
36 + 9 1.29
524
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Edl Vud
f ' c bd
6
l
= wu 2 d
2
525
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
d
!&>^
Vc = s + 2 f 'c bo d
12 b
Vc
f ' c bo d
!&>&
2
17>7>3> EdkkmaMgkat;TTWgenAkgkRmalxNBIrTisEdlKanFwm
Shear Reinforcement in Two-Way Slabs Without Beams
526
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
527
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
528
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Edl
= 0.9
kmaMgkat;TTwgemKuNCMuvijbrievNnpssr
n = cMnYnd
hv = km<s;rbs; shearhead
lv = RbEvg shearhead Edlvas;BIGkSssr
%> muxkat;kRmalxNeRKaHfak;sRmab;kmaMgkat;TTWgRtUvEtkat;d shearhead enAcmayesInwg
(3 / 4)(l v c1 / 2) BIpssreTcugndrbs; shearhead dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 17>9 c. mux
kat;eRKaHfak;RtUvEtmanbrimaRtGb,brma bo b:uEnvaminRtUvenACitCag d / 2 BIprbs;ssr.
^> Shearhead RtUv)anBicarNa[cUlrYmkgkarEbgEckm:Um:g;eLIgvij M v eTAceRmokkRmalxN
elIssrnImYydUcxageRkam
c
Mv =
vVu l v 1
ACI Code, Eq. 11.38
!&>(
2n
2
b:uEnvaminRtUvtUcCagtmtUcCageKkgcMeNam 30% nm:Um:g;emKuNEdlcaM)ac;enAkgceRmok
elIssr karpas;brm:Um:g;ceRmokelIssrelIRbEvg lv b M p Edl[enAkgsmIkar !&>*.
kareRbI anchored bent bar b wire kRtUv)anGnuBaateday ACI Code, Section 11.12.3. Edk
Edldak;enAxagEpkxagelIrbs;ssr niglTPaBkarteRmobEdkRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 17>9 e.
enAeBlEdl bar b wire RtUv)aneRbICaEdkTb;kmaMgkat;TTwg enaHersIusg;kmaMgkat;TTWg nominal KW
f 'c bo d Av f y d
Vn = Vc + Vs =
+
!&>!0
s
6
Edl Av CaRkLapEdkkgsrub nig bo CaRbEvgnmuxkat;eRKaHfak;nkmaMgkat;BIrTisenA
cmay d / 2 BIpssr. ersIusg;kmaMgkat; nominal Vn minRtUvFMCag f 'c bo d / 2 .
Vu =
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
529
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
530
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
l n2
8
RtUv)anvas;BIpeTApTRmkgTisedAEdlm:Um:g;RtUv)anBicarNa b:uEnminRtUvticCag
0.65 dgRbEvgElVgBIGkSeTAGkSTRm. pnTRmEdlmanm:Um:g;GviCmanKYrRtUv)anKNna RtUv)an
bgajenAkgrUbTI 17>11. RbEvg l2 RtUv)anvas;kgTisedAEkgnwg ln ehIyesITisedAcenaHGkSeTA
GkSrbs;TRm TTwgkRmalxN. m:Um:g;srub M o EdlKNnakgTisedAEvgRtUv)anKitCa M ol
nigkgTisedAxIRtUv)anKitCa M os .
enAeBlm:Um:gsrub M o RtUv)anKNnakgTisedAmYy vaRtUvEbgEckCam:Um:g;viCman M p nigm:U
m:g;GviCman M n GBawgehIyeTIb M o = M p + M n rUbTI 17>10. enaHm:Um:g;nImYy M p nig
M n RtUv)anEbgEckqgkat;TTwgkRmalxNcenaHceRmokssr nigceRmokkNaldUcEdl)anBnl;
y:agxI.
Clear span l n
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
531
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
17>8>3> karEbgEckm:Um:g;tambeNaykgkRmalxN
(Longitudinal Distribution of Moment in Slabs)
T.Chhay
l n21
8
l2
= (wu l1 ) n 2
8
M ol = (wu l 2 )
M pl = 0.35M ol
M n1 = 0.65M ol
M os
M ps = 0.35M os
M ns = 0.65M os
532
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
RbsinebITMhMnm:Um:g;GviCmanenAelITRmxagkgmantmxusKaedaysarRbEvgElVgminesIKa
ACI Code kMNt;[eRbIm:Um:g;EdlFMCagsRmab;KNnasrsEdk.
enAkgbnHkRmalxageRkA bnkkRmalxNEdlGnuvtelIssrxageRkA)anmkEtBIRCugmag
bNal[ekItmanm:Um:g;minesI (unbalanced moment) nigmMurgVilenAtMNxageRkA. dUcenH m:Um:g;
viCmanenAkNalElVg nigm:Um:g;GviCmanenAelITRmxagkgTImYynwgekIneLIg.TMhMnmMurgVilntMNxag
eRkAkMNt;nUvkarelIneLIgnUvm:Um:g;kNalElVg nigm:Um:g;enAelITRmxagkg. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIRCug
xageRkACaTRmsamBa dUckgkrNIkRmalxNenAelICBaaMg rUbTI 17>13 m:Um:g;kRmalenARtg;p
CBaaMgesI 0 m:Um:g;viCmanenAkNalElVgGacykesInwg M p = 0.63M o nigm:Um:g;GviCmanenATRmxag
kgKW M s = 0.75M o . tmTaMgenHbMeBjlkxNsmIkarsaTic
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
533
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M o = M p + 12 M n = 0.63M o + 12 (0.75M o )
T.Chhay
0.65
0.16
0.30
0.26
0.63
0.35
0.57
0.50
0.52
0.75
0.65
0.70
0.70
0.70
534
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
17>8>4> karEbgEckm:Um:g;tamTTwgkgkRmalxN
(Transverse Distribution of Moment in Slabs)
m:Um:g;tambeNayEdl)anBnl;xagelIKWsRmab;TTwgTaMgmUlrbs;eRKagGKarsmmUl. TTwg
eRKag enHCaplbUknTTwgceRmokelIssrBIr CamYynwgTTwgceRmokkNalBIrnbnHkRmalBIr
Ek,rKa dUcbgaj enAkgrUbTI 17>15. karEbgEcktamTTwgnm:Um:g;tambeNayeTAceRmok
kNal nigceRmokelIssrKW CaGnuKmn_npleFob l2 / l1
E I
beam stiffness
f = cb b =
!&>!@
E I
slab stiffness
cs s
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
535
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
t =
NPIC
E cb C
torsional rigidity of edge beam section
=
2 Ecs I s flexural rigidity of a slab of width equal to beam span length
!&>!#
3
Edl C = torsional constant = 1 0.63y x x3y
!&>!$
pleFob l2 / l1
f 1l 2 / l1
m:Um:g;GviCmanenAelITRmxagkg
m:Um:g;viCmanenAEk,rkNalElVg
T.Chhay
0 .5
1 .0
2 .0
75
75
75
1 .0
90
75
45
60
60
60
1 .0
90
75
45
536
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
= 0)
l n21
n!
M o = (wu l 2 )
8 r!(n r )!
m:Um:g;GviCman
m:Um:g;viCman
m:Um:g;tambeNayenAkgkRmalmYy
ceRmokelIssr
0.65M o
0.35M o
0.60(0.35M o ) = 0.21M o
ceRmokkNal
0.40(0.35M o ) = 0.14 M o
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
537
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
f 1l 2 / l1
m:Um:g;GviCmanenAelITRmxag
eRkA
m:Um:g;viCmanenAEk,rkNalElVg
m:Um:g;GviCmanenAelITRmxagkg
pleFob l2 / l1
0 .5
75
1 .0
75
2 .0
75
1 .0
2.5
0
90
60
75
60
45
60
2 .5
90
75
45
60
60
60
1.0
90
75
45
75
75
75
1 .0
90
75
45
f1
m:Um:g;GviCmanenAelITRmxageRkA
m:Um:g;viCman 0.6 0.52M o
m:Um:g;GviCmanenAelIMTRmxagkg
0.75 0.70M o
m:Um:g;cugeRkayCaGnuKmn_n
ceRmokelIssr ceRmokkNal
M o nig ec
ceRmokelIssr
100
0.26 M o
60
0.312M o
0.208M o
75
0.52 M o
0.175M o
0.65
M o
(1 + 1 ec )
0.28
M
0.63
(1 + 1 ec ) o
0.10
0.75
M o
(1 + 1 ec )
538
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
539
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
sRmab;m:Um:g;emKuNGviCmanGtibrmaenAkgkRmalxNelITRm RtUv)aneKGnuBaat[
snt;fa 0.75 nbnkGefremKuNGnuvtEtenAelIkRmalEk,r.
$> m:Um:g;emKuNminKYryktUcCagm:Um:g;EdlekIteLIgCamYybnkGefremKuNeBjenAelIkRmal
EdlCab;TaMgGs;eT.
17>8>6> karlMGitsrsEdk (Reinforcement Details)
eRkayeBlPaKryTaMgGs;nm:Um:g;saTicenAkgceRmokelIssr nigceRmokkNalRtUv)an
kMNt;brimaNsrsEdkkGacRtUv)anKNnasRmab;m:Um:g;viCman nigGviCmanenAkgceRmoknImYy
dUcEdl)aneFVIsRmab;FwmenAkgemeronTI4
a
!&>!%
M u = As f y d = Ru bd 2
2
Ru = f y 1
!&>!^
1.7 f '
T.Chhay
540
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
541
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Edl
PaBrwgRkajTb;nwgkarBt;rbs;ssrsmmUl
K c = PaBrwgRkajTb;nwgkarBt;rbs;ssrBitR)akd
K t = PaBrwgRkajTb;karrmYlrbs;Fwmxag
plbUknPaBrwgRkajrbs;ssrxagelI nigxageRkamkRmalxNGacRtUv)anykdUcxag
K ec =
eRkam
I c1 I c 2
+
Lc1 Lc 2
K c = 4 E
!&>!*
x x 3 y
!&>@0
C = 1 0.63
y 3
Edl
c2 =
T.Chhay
I sb
Is
542
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Edl
4 E cs I s
l1
4 Ecb I b
Kb =
l1
Ks =
=PaBrwgRkajTb;karBt;rbs;kRmalxN
=PaBrwgRkajTb;karBt;rbs;Fwm
I b = m:Um:g;niclPaBTaMgmUlrbs;muxkat;FwmbeNay
karEbgEcknm:Um:g;saTicsrub M o enAkgkRmalxageRkARtUv)an[CaGnuKmn_n ec
dUcxageRkam
0 .1
Interior negative factored moment = 0.75
M
(1 + 1 / ec ) o
0.28
Positive factored moment = 0.63
M
(1 + 1 / ec ) o
0.65
Exterior negative factored moment =
M o
(1 + 1 / ec )
543
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
544
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
545
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
546
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
547
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
548
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
Vc =
f ' c bo d =
28 2.856 0.214 10 3 = 808.5kN
3
3
EdlFMCag Vu
b. KNnakmaMgTTwgFwmenAcmay d BIpssr. d mFmKW 21.4cm . BicarNaceRmok
1m rUbTI 17>19 d CamYyRbEvgceRmokKW
x = 3.75 0.25 0.214 = 3.286m
Vu = wu (1 3.286) = 17 3.286 = 55.862kN
0.75
Vc =
f 'c bd =
28 1 0.214 10 3 = 141.5kN
6
6
kgTisedAxI M os
edaysarEt l2 < l1 TTwgnBak;kNalceRmokelIssrenAkgTisedAEvgKW
0.25 6m = 1.5m ehIyTTwgnceRmokkNalKW 6 2 1.5 = 3m . TTwgnBak;kNal
ceRmokelIssrkgTisedAxI KW 1.5m ehIyTTwgnceRmokkNalKW
7.5 2 1.5 = 4.5m . edIm,IKNnakm<s;RbsiTPaB d kgTisedAnImYy snt;faEdkenA
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
549
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M o = 624.75kN .m
M n = 0.65M o = 406.1kN .m
TisEvg
karEbgEckm:Um:g; %
M p = +0.35M o = 218.66kN .m
ceRmokelIssr
GviCman
viCman
75
60
M u (kN .m)
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
ceRmokkNal
GviCman
viCman
25
40
0.25 M n = 101.5
0.6 M p = 87.5
3000
3000
3000
3000
222
222
222
222
2.06
0.89
0.69
0.59
PaKryEdk (%)
0.57
0.24
0.19
0.16
As = bd (mm 2 )
3796.2
1598.4
1265.4
1065.6
1350
1350
1350
1350
20DB16
8DB16
12DB12
12DB12
150
375
250
250
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
( MPa)
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
KMlat 2h = 500mm
s
T.Chhay
550
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
TisEvg
karEbgEckm:Um:g; %
M p = +0.35M o = 168.7kN .m
ceRmokelIssr
GviCman
viCman
75
60
M u (kN .m)
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
ceRmokkNal
GviCman
viCman
25
40
0.25 M n = 78.35
0.6 M p = 67.5
3000
3000
4500
4500
206
206
206
206
1.85
0.79
0.41
0.35
PaKryEdk (%)
0.51
0.21
0.11
0.09
As = bd (mm 2 )
3151.8
1297.8
1019.7
834.3
1350
1350
2025
2025
16DB16
8DB16
18DB12
18DB12
187.5
375
250
250
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
( MPa)
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
KMlat 2h = 500mm
s
]TahrN_TI17>4
edayeRbIviFI direct design method KNnakRmal flat plate xageRkAEdlmanTMhM bnk ersIusg;ebtug
nigersIusg;EdkdUcKanwgGVIEdl)an[enAkg]TahrN_TI 17>3. FwmminRtUv)aneRbI rUbTI 17>21.
dMeNaHRsay
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
551
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
a.
b.
c.
T.Chhay
21.4
= 60.7cm
2
552
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
y = 50 + 21.4 = 71.4cm
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
553
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
bo = 2 x + y = 192.8cm
750
Vu = 600
+ 25 60.7 71.410 4 17 = 400.6kN
Vc =
d.
RtYtBinitkmaMgkat;pugenAssrkac;RCug d = 21.4cm
x = y = 50 +
21.4
= 60.7cm
2
bo = x + y = 121.4cm
600
750
Vu =
+ 25 60.7 60.7 10 4 17 = 214.7kN
+ 25
2
2
Vc =
d = 22.2cm
d = 20.6cm
T.Chhay
554
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
555
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
195
328
129.9
109.3
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1.10
1.32
2.22
0.88
0.74
PaKryEdk (%)
0.30
0.36
0.62
0.24
0.20
As = bd (mm 2 )
1998
2398
4129
1598
1332
1350
1350
1350
1350
1350
1350
22DB16
12DB12
18DB12
12DB12
136
250
167
250
M u (kN .m)
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
( MPa)
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
KMlat 2h = 500mm
TisxI
s
10DB16 12DB16
300
250
ceRmokelIssr
ceRmokkNal
236.2
101.2
77.1
67.5
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
3000
3000
4500
4500
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
206
206
206
206
1.86
0.79
0.40
0.35
PaKryEdk (%)
0.52
0.21
0.11
0.09
As = bd (mm 2 )
3214
1298
1020
834.3
1350
1350
2025
2025
16DB16
8DB16
18DB12
18DB12
187.5
375
250
250
M u (kN .m)
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
( MPa)
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
KMlat 2h = 500mm
s
]TahrN_TI17>5
556
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
eyIgGacsnt;faEpknceRmokkRmalEdlenAcenaHssrxageRkAeFVIkarCassrTb;nwgkar
rmYl. muxkat;rbs;kRmalxN-ssrKW 50cm TTWgrbs;ssr 25cm kRmas;kRmal
xN dUcEdlbgajkgrUb.
a. kMNt;PaBrwgRkajTb;karrmYl K t BIsmIkar !&>@0
x x3 y
x = 250mm
y = 500mm
C = 1 0.63
y 3
C = 1 0.63
= 17.84 10 8 mm 4
500
3
Kt =
9 Ec C
c
l 2 1 2
l2
9 E c 17.84 10 8
500
60001
6000
= 3.47 E c 10 6
b.
4 Ec I c
4 E c 500 4
=
= 5.79 E c 10 6
Lc
3600 12
sRmab;ssrBIrenABIelI nigBIeRkamkRmalxN
K c = 2 5.79 E c 10 6 = 11.58E c 10 6
c.
KNna K ec
1
1
1
=
+
K ec 11.58 E c 10 6 6.94 E c 10 6
K ec = 4.34 E c 10 6
4Ec I s
l1
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
l 2 = 6000mm
hs = 250mm
557
Is =
l 2 hs3
12
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
4 E c 6000 250 3
= 4.17 E c 10 6
7500
12
K ec
=
(K s + K b )
Ks =
ec
Kb = 0
dUcenH
edaysarKanFwm
ec =
4.34 E c 10 6
4.17 E c 10 6
1
Q = 1+
= 1.96
= 1.04
yk
ec
4> KNnam:Um:g;KNnaenAkgTisedAEvg ll = 7.5m .
karEbgEckm:Um:g;enAkgkRmalmYyRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 17>18.
m:Um:g;GviCmanxagkgKW
0.10
0.10
M ni = 0.75
M ol = 0.75
(624.7) = 436.6kN .m
Q
1.96
m:Um:g;viCmanKW
0.28
0.28
M p = 0.63
M ol = 0.63
(624.7) = 304.3kN .m
Q
1.96
m:Um:g;GviCmanKW
M ne =
0.65
0.65
(624.7 ) = 207.2kN .m
( M ol ) =
Q
1.96
b.
c.
T.Chhay
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
t =
E cb C
C
=
2 E cs I s 2 I s
ebtugkRmalxN nigebtugssrmanm:UDuleGLasicdUcKa
250 3
= 78.125 10 8 mm 4
12
17.84 10 8
=
= 0.114
2 78.125 10 8
E I
l
f 1 = cb b = 0
f1 2 = 0
l1
Ecs I s
I s = 6000
l2
= 0 .8
l1
]TahrN_TI17>6
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
559
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
560
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
BIpFwm. sRmab;TTwg 1m
1
0.4
0.15 = 37.84kN
Vu = wu 3 beam width d = 14.28 3
2
2
0.75 21
f ' c bd =
1000 150 10 3 = 85.9kN
Vc =
6
6
wu
14.28
l 2 (l n1 )2 =
6(7.1)2 = 539.9kN .m
8
8
w
14.28
= u l1 (l n 2 )2 =
7.6(5.5)2 = 410.4kN .m
8
8
M ol =
M os
l
f 1 2 = 3.19 0.79 = 2.52 > 1
l1
karEbgEckm:Um:g;GviCman M n . Epknm:Um:g;GviCmanxagkgedIm,IkarBaredayceRmok
elIssrRtUv)anTTYlBItarag 17>3 edayeFVI interpolation nigesInwg 81.3% sRmab;
l 2 / l1 = 0.79 nig f 1 (l 2 / l1 ) > 1.0 .
ceRmokelIssr = 0.813M n = 0.813 350.9 = 285.3kN .m
ceRmokkNal = 0.187M n = 0.187 350.9 = 65.6kN .m
edaysarEt f 1 (l2 / l1 ) > 1/ ACI Code, Section 13.6.5 bgajfa 85% nm:Um:g;
kgceRmokelIssrRtUv)anEck[eTAFwm nigenAsl; 15% RtUv)anEck[eTAkRmal
ceRmokelIssr.
Fwm = 0.85 285.3 = 242.5kN.m
ceRmokelIssr = 0.15 285.3 = 42.8kN.m
ceRmokkNal = 65.6kN.m
d. karEbgEckm:Um:g;viCman M p . Epknm:Um:g;viCmanxagkgEdlRtUv)anTb;edayceRmok
c.
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
561
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
f1
l2
= 2.51 1.27 = 3.19 > 1
l1
562
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
TisEvg
ceRmokelIssr
ceRmokkNal
42.8
23.1
65.6
35.3
3000
3000
3000
3000
150
150
150
150
( MPa)
0.63
0.34
0.97
0.52
PaKryEdk (%)
0.17
0.09
0.26
0.14
As = bd (mm 2 )
765
405
1170
630
972
972
972
972
9DB12
9DB12
11DB12
9DB12
M u (kN .m)
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
EdkEdleRCIserIs
TisxI
ceRmokelIssr
ceRmokkNal
M u (kN .m)
26.8
14.4
88
47.4
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
3000
3000
4600
4600
140
140
140
140
( MPa)
0.46
0.24
0.98
0.53
PaKryEdk (%)
0.12
0.06
0.27
0.14
As = bd (mm 2 )
504
252
1739
902
972
972
1490
1490
9DB12
9DB12
16DB12
14DB12
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
563
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
183
+ (68 18)(13.5)2 +
+ (30 38)(14.5)2
Fwmxag I b = 68 12
12
= 632987cm 4
500
KNna I s sRmab;ceRmokxagcugEdlRsbeTAnwgFwmxag EdlmanTTwg = 7600
+
2
2
= 4050mm
T.Chhay
564
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
=
c.
7.1
= 1.29
5.5
KNna hs
hs min
420
7100 0.8 +
1400
=
= 150mm
36 + 5 1.29(2.86 0.2 )
b:uEntmenHminRtUvtUcCag
420
7100 0.8 +
1400
=
= 164mm
36 + 9 1.29
lub
eRbI hs = 18cm > 9cm tmGb,brmaEdlkMNt;eday code
4> KNnabnemKuN wu = 14.28kN / m 2 BI]TahrN_TI 17>6
5> KNnam:Um:g;saTicsrub M ol = 539.9kN .m M os = 410.4kN .m BI]TahrN_mun
6> KNnam:Um:g;KNnaenAkgTisxI ElVg = 6m edaysarkRmalCab;kgTisenH m:Um:g;mantm
dUcnwgm:Um:g;Edl)anKNnaenAkg]TahrN_TI 17>6 ehIyRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 17>23
sRmab;kRmalxagkg.
7> KNnam:Um:g;enAkgmYykRmaledayeRbIemKuNEdl[enAkgtarag 17>2 brUbTI 17>14
krNITI 3
m:Um:g;GviCmanxagkg M ni = 0.7M o = 0.7 539.9 = 378kN .m
m:Um:g;viCmankgElVg M p = 0.57M o = 0.57 539.9 = 307.7kN .m
m:Um:g;GviCmanxageRkA M ne = 0.16M o = 0.16 539.9 = 86.4kN .m
cMNaM RbsinebIviFI modified stiffness method RtUv)aneRbI enaH C = 3857.27 106 mm 4 /
k ta = 39.13E c 10 6 / K c = 5.79 E c 10 6 / K s = 1.56 E c 10 6 / k b = 4.95E c 10 6 /
k b = 8.94 Ec 10 6 nig ec = 1.37 . m:Um:g;GviCmanxagkgkayCa 373.7 kN.m Rbhak;
RbEhlKa m:Um:g;viCmankayCa 252.75kN.m fycuH 18% nigm:Um:g;GviCmanxageRkAkay
Ca 202.86 ekIneLIg 235%
8> karEbgEckm:Um:g;kRmaleTAFwm ceRmokelIssr nigceRmokkNal
hs min
l2
6
=
= 0.79
f 1 = l = 3.19
l1 7.6
l
f 1 2 = 3.19 0.79 = 2.52 > 1.0
l1
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
565
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
KNna C
x x 3 y
C = 1 0 . 63
y 3
Eckmuxkat;rbs;FwmxagCactuekaNBIrEdleFVIy:agNaedIm,ITTYl)an C Gtibrma.
ykmuxkat;Fwm 300 560mm x = 300mm / y = 560mm nigmuxkat;kRmal
180 380mm x = 180mm / y = 380mm
300 300 3 560
180 180 3 380
+ 1 0.63
C = 1 0.63
= 3857.27 10 6 mm 4
560
3
380
3
t =
a.
b.
T.Chhay
E cb C
3857 10 6
=
= 0.66
2 Ecs I s 2 291600 10 4
566
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
c.
1 +
ec
Edl
!&>@!
m:Um:g;enAkgsmIkarTI !&>@@ KYrRtUv)anEbgEckrvagssrxagelI nigxageRkamkRmalxNRtg;
tMNreTAtamsmamaRtPaBrwgRkajrgkarBt;rbs;va rUbTI 17>24. sRmab;ElVgEdlesIKa l2 = l '2
nig ln = l 'n
M u = 0.07(0.5wl l 2 l n2 )
!&>@# a
ec =
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
K ec
(K s + K b )
567
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
Mu =
NPIC
0.08 0.5wl l 2 l n2
1 +
ec
!&>@@ b
karbegItsmIkarTaMgenHedayQrenAelIkarsnt;fabnkGefrBak;kNaleFVIGMeBIenAelIElVg
EvgCag b:uEnbnkGefreFVIGMeBIenAelIElVgTaMgBIr. smIkar !&>@@ kGacRtUv)anGnuvtsRmab;ssrxag
eRkA edaysnt;faRbEvgElVgEdlxICagKW 0 rUbTI 17>25.
T.Chhay
568
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
2 b
2 c1 + d
1 +
3 c2 + d
1+
3 b2
ehIym:Um:g;EdlbMElgedaykmaMgkat;TTwgKW
(
M v = 1
)M u = M u M f
!&>@^
sRmab;karbMElgm:Um:g;edaypal;eTAssr vaCakarcaM)ac;kgkarRbmUlpMsrsEdkdak;kg
ceRmokssrkgTTwgkMNt;mYyenAelIssr Epknm:Um:g;EdlbMElgedaykarBt; M f RtUv)anBicarNa
[ eFVIGMeBItamryTTwgkRmalxNesInwgTTwgssr c2 bUknwg 1.15hs enARKb;RCugTaMgGs;rbs;ssr
b tamryTTwgkRmalxNesInwg (c2 + 3hs ) (ACI Code, Section 13.5.3). srsEdkGacRtUv)an
RbmUlpMenAelIssredayKMlatCitKa bedayeRbIsrsEdkbEnm.
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
569
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
17>10>3> kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;EdlbNalBI M f
(Shear Stress Due to) M f
kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;EdlbegItedaycMENkn unbalanced moment M v RtUv)anpSMeLIgCa
mYynwgkugRtaMgkmaMgkat;EdlbegItedaykmaMgkat; Vu Edl)anBIkmaMgbBar. kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;
TaMgBIrRtUv)ansnt;[eFVIGMeBIenACMubrievNbg;EdlmanTItaMgenAcmay d / 2 BIpssrdUcbgajenA
kgrUb 17>26. smIkarsRmab;KNnakugRtaMgkmaMgkat;KW
V
M C
!&>@&
v1, 2 = u v
Ac
Jc
Edl Ac = RkLapmuxkat;eRKaHfak;enACMuvijssr
J c = m:Um:g;niclPaBb:UElnRkLapEdlRsbeTAnwgm:Um:g;EdlmanGMeBIbEnmBIelIm:Um:g;nicl
PaBnmuxkat;xagcugEdleFobnwgGkSTIRbCMuTmn;nmuxkat;eRKaHfak;.
T.Chhay
570
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
sRmab;ssrxagkg
nig
!&>@*
!&>@(
Ac = 2d (x + y )
Jc =
xd 3
d x 3
+ x2 y +
2 3
6
sRmab;ssrxageRkA Ac = d (2 x + y )
!&>#0
2dx 3
xd 3
nig
!&>#!
(2 x + y )dx12 +
Jc =
3
6
Edl x1 / x2 nig y Rtuv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 17>26. kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;Gtibrma
v1 = Vu / Ac + M v C J c RtUvEttUcCag f 'c 3 ebImindUecaHeT EdkTb;kmaMgkat;RtUv)andak;.
hrN_TI 17>4.
dMeNaHRsay
Unbalanced moment
Mu =
1
1 +
ec
l n = l ' n = 7m
l 2 = l ' 2 = 6m
= 1.96
EdlRtUvbMElgeTAssrxageRkAedayeRbIsmIkar !&>@@ b KW
0.08
(9.3 + 3.84)6 7 2 0 = 157.7kN .m
1.96
4.34 Ec 10 6
2 4.17 Ec 10 6
1
1 +
ec
= 0.52
= 2.92
571
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
Mu =
NPIC
0.08
(9.3 + 3.84)6 7 2 9.3 6 7 2 = 30.93kN .m
2.92
dMeNaHRsay
xd 3
d x 3
+ x2 y +
2 3
6
72.2
22.2 72.2 3
+ (72.2 )2 72.2 +
22.2 3 = 5.7 10 6 cm 4
2 3
6
v max =
756.1
6411.4 10 4
0.722
2 = 1258kN / m 2
2
5.7 10
12.37
T.Chhay
572
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
m:Um:g;EdlRtUvbMElgedaykmaMgkat;TTwgKW
M v = M u M f = 157.7 94.6 = 63.1kN .m
kMNt;TItaMgTIRbCMuTmn;rbs;muxkat;eRKaHfak;edayKitm:Um:g;eFob AB
61.1
2 61.1
= (2 61.1 + 72.2 )xl
2
Jc = I x + I y =
+ Ax 2
12
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
573
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
61.13
61.1
61.1
22.2 3 + 72.2 22.2 19.2 2
= 2 22.2
+ 22.2 61.1
19.2 +
12
2
12
= 1.84 10 6 cm 4
Ac
Jc
4315.7 10
1.84 10
V
M C
= u v = 903.7 658.4 = 245.3kN / m 2
Ac
Jc
v max =
v min
T.Chhay
574
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kugRtaMgkmaMgkat;TTwgFMCagkugRtaMgkmaMgkat;GnuBaat dUcenHeKRtUvbegInkRmas;kRmalxN
beRbIEdkTb;kmaMgkat;.
4> RtYtBinitkarRbmUlpMsrsEdkenAssrxageRkA KWRtYtBinitPaBRKb;RKan;rbs;lTPaBTb;
karBt;rbs;muxkat;edIm,IbMElgm:Um:g;GviCmaneTAkgssrxageRkA. muxkat;eRKaHfak;rbs;kM
ralxNRtUv)anbnay 1.5hs enAelIRCugnImYyrbs;ssr Edl[TTwg (50 + 3 25)
= 125cm nigkRmas; 25cm . m:Um:g;srubenAkgTTwgceRmokelIssr 3m KW 162.4kN.m
Edl)anKNnaenAkg]TahrN_TI 17>4 CMhan %. m:Um:g;enAkgTTwg 125cm KWesInwg
125
= 67.67 kN.m .
162.4
300
RbsinebIeKeRbIKMlatEdkesIKaenAkgceRmokelIssr enaHeKRtUvkarbrimaNEdkbEnmenAkg
TTwg 125cm sRmab;m:Um:g;EdlesInwg M f 67.67 = 94.6 67.67 = 26.93kN .m . brimaN
EdkcaM)ac; As = 340mm 2 dUcenH 4DB12 452mm 2 GacRtUv)aneRbI.
dMeNaHRsayepSgeTotKWedIm,IteRmobEdkenAkgceRmokelIssredIm,IbegInbrimaNEdkenA
kgTTwkceRmok 125cm .
brimaNEdkcaM)ac;enAkgTTwgceRmokKYrRKb;RKan;edIm,ITb;nwgm:Um:g;EdlesInwg 0.6 dgnm:Um:g;
GviCmanenAkgceRmokelIssr b 0.6 162.4 = 97.44kN.m .
Mu
snt; a = 25mm
As =
a
f y d
As =
97.44 10 6
= 1230mm 2
25
As f y
1230 420
a=
= 17.4mm
=
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 28 1250
RtYtBinit
eRbI 11DB12 enAkgTTwg 125cm edayEckesIKasgagssredayKitBIGkSssr rUbTI
17>29. kardak;EdkbEnm 4DB12 Edl)anbgajxagelICadMeNaHRsaykan;EtRbesI.
5> kmaMgrmYlenAkgkRmalxN kmaMgrmYlBIRCugTaMgsgagrbs;ssrxageRkAesInwg 40%
nm:Um:g;elIceRmokTTwg.
Tu = 0.4 162.4 = 64.96kN .m
64.96
= 32.48kN.m
2
kmaMgrmYlenAelIRCugmag
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
575
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
TTwgnmuxkat;kRmalxNEdlesInwgTTwgssrRtUv)ansnt;[Tb;nwgkugRtaMgrmYl
1
Tu = vtu x 3 y
3
3.5 0.222
Tu = 32.48
= 28.42kN .m
3 .5
T.Chhay
576
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
1> kMNt; Vc =
f 'c bo d / 3
sRmab;kmaMgkat;BIrTis
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
577
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
4> KNnaEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg
Vs = (Vu Vc ) = 870 693.7 = 176.3kN
Vs = 235kN
578
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
579
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
0.75
Vc =
f 'c bo d =
28 (2888 222 ) 10 3 = 848.1kN > Vu
3
3
b.
0.75
Vc =
f 'c bo d =
28 (9688 172 ) 10 3 = 2204kN > Vu
3
3
T.Chhay
580
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
emKuNm:Um:g;
TisEvg
ceRmokelIssr
ceRmokkNal
0.49 M o
0.21M o
0.16 M o
0.14 M o
M u (kN .m)
-280.2
120.0
-91.5
80.0
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
3000
3000
3000
3000
210
160
160
160
( MPa)
2.12
1.56
1.19
1.04
PaKryEdk (%)
0.59
0.43
0.32
0.28
As = bd (mm 2 )
3717
2064
1536
1344
1350
1080
1080
1080
19DB16
11DB16
14DB12
12DB
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
M os = 441.3kN .m
emKuNm:Um:g;
TisxI
ceRmokelIssr
ceRmokkNal
0.49 M o
0.21M o
0.16 M o
0.14 M o
M u (kN .m)
-216.2
92.7
-70.6
61.8
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
3000
3000
4500
4500
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
210
160
160
160
( MPa)
1.63
1.21
0.61
0.54
PaKryEdk (%)
0.45
0.33
0.16
0.14
As = bd (mm 2 )
2835
1584
1152
1008
1350
1080
1620
1620
15DB16
15DB12
15DB12
15DB12
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
581
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
kmaMgkat;mYyTisminmaneRKaHfak;.
4> KNnam:Um:g;saTicsrubenAkgTisEvg nigTisxI
c.
6 72
= 571.8kN / m 2
8
7.5 5.5 2
= 15.56
= 441.3kN / m 2
8
M ol = 15.56
M os
TTwgrbs;ceRmokelIssrkgTisnImYyKW 600
= 300cm
2
b:uEnTTwgrbs;ceRmokkNal KW 300cm kgTisedAEvg nig 450cm kgTisedAxI.
5> KNnam:Um:g; nigsrsEdkRtUv)anbgajtarag 17>11. eRbIkm<s;RbsiTPaBmFm
d = 250 40 = 210mm sRmab;ceRmokelIssr nig d = 200 40 = 160mm sRmab;
ceRmokkNal. karBRgaysrsEdklMGitmanlkNRsedogKakg]TahrN_ flat plate.
T.Chhay
582
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
583
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Ycg
Ig
(mm )
( 10 mm )
8
75
200
107.4
10.09
81.91
5.45
75
250
132.7
11.04
98.58
9.02
75
300
157.4
12.02
116.54
13.85
75
350
181.4
13.05
135.4
20.08
75
400
204.9
14.12
155
27.88
75
500
250
16.39
195.7
48.8
115
200
107.4
13.69
95.12
8.25
115
250
132.7
14.64
109.4
12.89
115
300
157.4
15.62
141.8
19.06
115
350
181.4
16.65
141.8
26.95
115
400
204.9
17.72
159.45
36.72
115
500
250
19.99
196.88
62.59
sRmab;rnUt Bum<canTMhM
48cm 48cm
75
150
32
6.56
72.14
2.31
75
250
42.01
7.33
89.11
4.25
75
250
51.57
8.15
107.57
7.03
75
300
60.75
90
127.08
10.78
115
150
32
8.96
87.47
3.84
115
250
42.01
9.73
102.21
6.44
115
250
51.57
10.55
118.53
10.08
115
300
60.75
11.4
136.12
14.91
T.Chhay
584
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
585
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
586
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
3.2 2
= 1783.2kN .m
2
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
587
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
bo = 4(3800 + 60 ) = 15440mm
Vu = 155 6.4 + 183.8 3.6 23.5 3.860 2 = 1304kN
588
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
589
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
ceRmokelIssr
xageRkA
emKuNm:Um:g;
ceRmokkNal
xagkg
M
100
60
75
25
40
M u (kN .m)
463.6
556.4
936.2
312
370.9
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
3800
5000
3800
900 (6 ribs)
5000
395
395
395
395
395
( MPa)
0.78
0.71
1.58
2.22
0.48
PaKryEdk (%)
0.21
0.19
0.43
0.61
0.13
As = bd (mm 2 )
3152
3753
6454
2169
2567
2907
765/rib
2907
688.5
637.5/rib
11DB20
2DB25/rib
21DB20
7DB20
2DB22/rib
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
kRmalxagkg
ceRmokelIssr
xageRkA
emKuNm:Um:g;
ceRmokkNal
xagkg
M
60
75
25
40
M u (kN .m)
374.5
869.3
289.8
249.6
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
5000
3800
900 (6 ribs)
5000
395
395
395
395
( MPa)
0.48
1.47
2.06
0.32
PaKryEdk (%)
0.13
0.40
0.57
0.09
As = bd (mm 2 )
2567
6004
2026
1777.5
765/rib
2907
688.5
637.5/rib
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
2DB25/rib
20DB20
7DB20
2DB22/rib
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
Ru =
T.Chhay
Mu
bd 2
590
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
591
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
592
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
x x 3 y
C = 1 0.63
y 3
!&>@0
593
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
]TahrN_TI17>13
dMeNaHRsay
T.Chhay
594
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Ks = k
Edl
EI s
ls
CaemKuNPaBrwgRkaj nig
Is =
l 2 hs3 6 0.25 3
=
= 7.81 10 3 m 4
12
12
1.0
500
1
6000
= 1.19
emKuNPaBrwgRkajkRmal k = l1 A1
Edl
Mc
I a
!&>#@
M = 1.0
l1
2
Ia =
73
0.250
+ 0.42 3.75
= 34.1
12
2
edayecalm:Um:g;niclPaBnGgt;xIxagcugeFobnwgTIRbCMuTmn;rbs;va.
75 3.75
emKuNPaBrwgRkaj k = 7.5 7.142 + 1 3.34
= 1.01 + 3.09 = 4.1
.1
emKuN carryover = 3.094.11.01 = 0.507
10
dUcenH PaBrwgRkajrbs;kRmalxNKW K s = 4.1E 77..81
5
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
595
= 4.27 10 3 E
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
4> kMNt;PaBrwgRkajrbs;ssr/ K c
EI
K c = k ' c
lc
T.Chhay
596
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
sRmab;ssrenABIelI nigBIeRkamkRmal.
k ' = emKuNPaBrwgRkajrbs;ssr
l c = 3.6m
Ic =
0.5 4
= 5.2 10 3 m 4
12
+
k ' = l c
A
I
a
a
2) = lc 2
(lc hs )3
3.35 3
=
= 3.133
12
12
1.8 1.8
1
k ' = 3.6
+
= 4.8
3.133
3.35
Ia =
K c = 4.8 E
5.2 10 3
2 = 0.0139 E
3.6
(lc hc )
x x3 y
9 Rcs C
Kt =
C
=
1
0
.
63
ehI
y
3
y 3
c
l 2 1 2
lc
= 3.42 10 3 m 4
C = 1 + 0.63
0.5
3
Kt =
9 E cs 3.42 10 3
0.5
61
= 6.66 10 3 E
597
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
1
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
K ec K c K t 0.0139 E 13.32 10 3 E
K ec = 6.8 10 3 E
emKuNm:Um:g;bgb;cug =
2
1
Am
Aa l12
T.Chhay
34.98
7.42 7.5 2
= 0.0838
598
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
599
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
]TahrN_TI17>14
edayeRbIviFI direct design method edIm,IKNnakRmal flate slab xagkgEdlman drop panel edIm,I
RTbnkefr 8.6kN / m 2 nigbnkGefr11kN / m 2 . RbBnkRmalpSMeLIgedaykRmalcMnYn ^ kgTis
nImYy EdlkRmalmYymanTMhM 6 5.4m . RKb;kRmalTaMgGs;RtUv)anRTeday ssrEdlmanGgt;
pit 0.4m ehIy column capital manGgt;pit 1.0m . km<s;Can;KW 3.0m . eK[ f 'c = 28MPa nig
f y = 400 MPa
T.Chhay
600
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
601
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
= 885mm
NPIC
b 900mm .
kRmas;rbs; drop panel KW 1.25hs = 1.25 140 = 175mm . begInkRmas;rbs; drop panel
dl; 220mm edIm,Ipl;nUvkRmas;RKb;RKan;sRmab;kmaMgkat;pug nigedIm,IecosvagnUvkareRbInUv
PaKryEdkFM. TMhMTaMgGs;RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 17>41.
2> KNnabnkemKuN
wu = 1.2 8.6 + 1.6 11 = 28kN / m 2
1.19
bo = 2
= 3.74m
2
0.75 0.33
Vc = 0.33 f ' c bo d =
28 3740 190 = 930kN > Vu
1000
bnab;mkeTotepgpat;kmaMgkat;BIrTisenAkgkRmalxN. muxkat;eRKaHfak;KWsitenAcmay
d / 2 BIeRkA drop panel
d (slab ) = 140 30 = 110mm
602
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kmaMgkat;mYyTismineRKaHfak;eT.
4> KNnam:Um:g;saTicsrubenAkgTisEvg nigTisxI
wu
28
l 2 l n21 =
5.4 5.12 = 491.6kN .m
8
8
w
28
= u l1l n22 =
6 4.5 2 = 425.2kN .m
8
8
M ol =
M os
kMNt; min
viFIRbhak;RbEhlRtUv)aneRbIenATIenHedIm,IkMNt;PaBrwg Rkajrbs;ssrCamYynwg capital
rbs;va.
140 3
I s m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;kRmalkgTisxI = 6000
= 1372 10 6 mm 4
12
1
=
= 1.15
0.782 1.11
Ks =
4 Ec I s 4 E c 1372 10 6
=
= 1016 10 3 E c
l2
5400
sRmab;ssrmUlEdlmanGgt;pit
D 4
400 mm =
(400) 4 = 1257 10 6 mm 4
=
64
64
Ic
Kc =
4 Ec I c 4 E c 1257 10 6
=
= 1676 10 3 E c
3000
lc
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
603
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
TisEvg
ceRmokelIssr
ceRmokkNal
emKuNm:Um:g;
0.75M n
0.60 M p
0.25M n
0.40M p
M u (kN .m)
-239.6
103.3
-79.9
68.8
190
110
110
110
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
( MPa)
2.46
3.16
2.44
2.10
PaKryEdk (%)
0.71
0.93
0.7
0.6
As = bd ( mm 2 )
3642
2762
2079
1782
As (min) = 0.0018bhs ( mm 2 )
1070
680
680
680
18DB16
14DB16
20DB12
16DB12
150
193
135
170
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
KMlat (mm)
TisxI
M o = 425.2kN .m
M n = 0.65M o = 276.4kN .m
M p = 0.35M o = +148.8kN .m
ceRmokelIssr
ceRmokkNal
emKuNm:Um:g;
0.75M n
0.60 M p
0.25M n
0.40 M p
M u (kN .m)
-207.3
89.3
-69.1
59.5
TTwgceRmok b(mm)
180
100
100
100
km<s;RbsiTPaB d (mm)
2.7
2.7
3.3
3.3
( MPa)
2.37
3.30
2.10
1.80
PaKryEdk (%)
0.69
1.00
0.60
0.50
As = bd (mm 2 )
3353
2700
1980
1650
As (min) = 0.0018bhs ( mm 2 )
1070
680
680
680
18DB16
14DB16
18DB12
16DB12
150
195
185
205
Ru =
Mu
bd 2
EdkEdleRCIserIs Rtg;
KMlat (mm)
T.Chhay
604
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
pleFobrvagPaBrwgRkajrbs;ssrnigPaBrwgRkajrbs;kRmal
=
K c 1676 10 3
=
= 1.65
K s 1016 10 3
karKNnakRmalxNBIrTis
605
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
XVIII.
CeNIr
Stairs
T.Chhay
606
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
607
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
608
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
609
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
610
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CeNIr
611
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
RbBnnkardak;bnkbIRbePT RtUv)anykmkBicarNakgkarKNnaCeNIrRbePTenH
edayKitBicarNafam:Um:g;rmYlnwgekItmanenAkgkRmalRKb;lkxN
- enAeBlbnkGefreFVIGMeBIEtenAelItYCeNIrxagelI nigBak;kNalfas rUbTI 18>12
tYCeNIrxagelInwgrgnUvkmaMgTajbEnmBIelIm:Um:g;Bt; EttYCeNIrxageRkamnwgrgnUv
kmaMgsgt; EdlGacbegItCakmaMgPat; (buckling) enAkgkRmal .
T.Chhay
612
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CeNIr
613
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
614
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
=
4
2
4
4
Edl
PS 2
(n 1)
12
bnkcMcMNucenARtg;cMNucCMhankaM
S = TTwgCMhankaM
n = cMnYnCMhankaM
(4 1) = PS
enAeBl n = 2 enaH M (fixed end) = PS
12
4
EdllTpldUcnwglTplTTYl)anBIxagedIm.
RbsinebImanfasCeNIrenAcugmag bcugsgag bnkenAelIfasCeNIrGacRtUv)an
dak;CabnkcMcMNucenAKMlat S .
CeNIr
P=
615
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
616
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CeNIr
617
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
618
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CeNIr
619
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
620
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CeNIr
621
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
4.8kN / m 2
f 'c = 21MPa
nig
dMeNaHRsay
T.Chhay
622
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CeNIr
623
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
2> m:Um:g;Bt;GtibrmaenAkgmYykaMKW Wu l 2 / 2
Mu =
4.35 2
1.8 = 7.05kN .m
2
11.18 + 26.18
= 18.68cm
2
kRmas;mFmrbs;kaMCeNIrKW
yk d = 18.68 2 0.6 = 16.1cm
a
snt; a = 12.5mm
M u = As f y d
2
As =
7.05 10 6
= 127 mm 2
12.5
0.9 400161
As f y
127 400
a=
= 9.5mm
=
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 21 300
mantmRbEhlkarsnt;
RtYtBinit
brimaNEdkGb,brma As = 0.00333(300)(161) = 161mm 2
eRbI 2DB12 sRmab;mYykaM. kRmas;kRmalGacyktUcCagkarsnt;enH b:uEnedIm,IeCosvag
PaBdabFM nigPaBrMjrrbs;CeNIr eKRtUveRCIserIskRmas;kRmalsmrm.
3> KNnakmaMgkat;enAcmay d BIpTRm
Vu = 4.35(1.8 0.161) = 7.13kN
0.75
0.75
Vc =
f 'c bd =
21(300 161) 10 3 = 27.7 kN
6
6
5.7kN / m 2
T.Chhay
624
f 'c = 21MPa
nig
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
2.26
=
= 8.2kN / m 2
0.275
Tmn;rbs;tYCeNIr
Tmn;fasCeNIr = 0.2 25 = 5kN / m 2
edaysnt;kargarbegIyRKbelICeNIrKW 1kN / m 2 .
edayKNnaCeNIrkg 1m TTwgrbs;CeNIrdUcenH
Wu (on stair ) = 20.16kN / m
Wu (on landing ) = 16.32kN / m
edaysarbnkenAelIfasCeNIrRtUv)anRTBIrTis dUcenHbnkBak;kNalRtUv)anKitenAkgTis
mYy.
3> KNnam:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrma nigEdkBRgwg rUbTI 18>19 d
a. m:Um:g;enAkNalElVgKW
M u = 34.42 2.6 8.16 1.5 1.85 20.16
yk d = 200 20 6 = 174mm
CeNIr
625
1.12
= 54.65kN .m
2
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
626
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CeNIr
627
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
b. M u = As f y (d a / 2);
As =
edaysnt; a = 20mm
54.65 10 6
= 926mm 2
0.9 400 (174 10)
As f y
926 400
a=
=
= 20.75mm c = 24.4mm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 21 1000
RtYtBinit
brimaNEdkGb,brma As = 0.0033 1000 174 = 574mm 2 < 926mm 2
eRbIEdk DB12 @120 As = 942mm 2 . sRmab;CeNIrTTwg 1.5m eRbI 13DB12 .
d t = 174mm
c.
c = 24.4mm
T.Chhay
628
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
edaysnt; a = 10mm
As =
15.08 10 6
= 258mm 2 < As (min) = 574mm 2
0.9 400 (167.4 5)
f 'c = 21MPa
dMeNaHRsay
nig
f y = 400MPa
CeNIr
629
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
630
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
15
4.2 = 31.5kN
2
Mu
bd 2
sRmab;
33.6 10 6
1000 125 2
= 2.15MPa
f y = 400MPa
(% )
As mm 2
CeNIr
7.88
14.7
20.48
25.2
28.88
31.5
33.08
33.6
0.5
0.94
1.31
1.61
1.85
2.02
2.12
2.15
0.14
0.27
0.38
0.47
0.55
0.60
0.63
0.64
175
338
475
588
688
750
788
800
631
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Mu =
= 0.0051
As = 638mm 2
16.8 2
4 = 33.6kN .m
8
m:Um:g;enAmuxkat;dTeTotGacRtUv)anKNnay:agRsYl ehIykarKNnaGacRtUv)anerobcMCa
taragdUcBnl;kgCMhan 4.
T.Chhay
632
Stairs
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
CeNIr
633
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
XIX.
esckIENnaMBIebtugkugRtaMg
634
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kgkarGnuvt Ggt;ebtugGacrgeRbkugRtaMgtamviFImYykgcMeNamviFIxageRkam
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
635
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
636
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dMeNaHRsay
!> kugRtaMgEdlbNalmkEtBIbnkefr nigbnkGefr
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
Mc M (h / 2) 6M
= 3
=
I
bh / 12 bh 2
637
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
D =
6 28
0.3 0.6
10 3 = 1.56MPa
m:Um:g;EdlbNalBIbnkGefr L1 = 13.15kN / m KW
M L.L. =
13.15 7.2 2
= 85.2kN .m
8
kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIbnkGefrKW
L1 =
6M
bh
6 85.2
0.3 0.6
10 3 = 4.73MPa
P
1132
=
10 3 = 6.29MPa
area 0.3 0.6
kugRtaMgcugeRkayEdlbNalBIbnkGefr nigbnkefrbUknwgbnkeRbkugRtaMgenARtg;srs
xagelI nigxageRkambMputKW 12.58MPa nig 0 erogKa rUbTI 19>2 b. kgkrNIenH kmaMg
eRbkugRtaMg)anebgInkugRtaMgsgt;enARtg;srsEpkxagelIbMput[mantmBIrdg nig)ankat;
bnykugRtaMgTajenARtg;srsEpkxageRkam[esInwg 0 . kugRtaMgsgt;Gtibrma12.58MPa
mantmtUcCagkugRtaMgGnuBaat f 'c = 14.14MPa .
#> sRmab;kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIeRbkugRtaMgcMNakpit e = 100mm
RbsinebIeKGnuvtkmaMgeRbkugRtaMg P = 1132KN enARtg;cMNakpit e = 100mm BI eRkamTI
RbCMuTmn;rbs;muxkat; kugRtaMgenARtg;srsEpkxagelI nigEpkxageRkambMputRtUv)ankMNt;
dUcxageRkam. m:Um:g;EdlbNalBIeRbkugRtaMgcMNakpitKW Pe
P (Pe )c
P 6(Pe )
=
A
I
A bh 2
1132
6(1132 0.1) 3
=
10 3
10
0.3 0.6
0.3 0.6 2
p =
= 6.29 6.29
638
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
BicarNaGMBIkardak;bnkGefr L2 = 30.61kN / m
30.61 7.2 2
= 198.36kN .m
8
6(198.36) 3
=
10 = 11.02MPa
0.3 0.6 2
M L. L. =
L2
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
639
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
$> sRmab;kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIeRbkugRtaMgcakpitRtg;cMNakpitGtibrma
snt;facMNakpitGtibrmasRmab;muxkat;enHKW e = 15cm .
m:Um:g;Bt;EdlekItedaysarkmaMgeRbkugRtaMgcakpitKW Pe = 1132 0.15 = 169.8kN .m
T.Chhay
640
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIkmaMgeRbkugRtaMgKW
p =
6(169.8) 3
1132
10 3
10
0.3 0.6
0.3 0.6 2
= 6.29 9.41
= 15.7 MPa
nig
+ 3.12
39.28 7.2 2
= 254.5kN .m
8
kugRtaMgEdlbNalmkBIbnkGefrKW
L3 =
6(254.5)
0.3 0.6
10 3 = 14.14MPa
M L.L. =
L4
641
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
15.7 MPa
NPIC
esInwg
bh 2
M =
6
15.7
(0.3)(0.6)2 103 = 282.6kN.m
=
6
W L2
M= L
8
8 282.6
WL =
= 43.6kN / m
7.2 2
eyIgTTYl)an
cMNaMfa
!> muxkat;ebtugTaMgmUlKWskmkgkarTb;Tl;CamYykmaMgxageRkA
@> kugRtaMgTajcugRkayenAkgmuxkat;tUcCag modulus of rupture rbs;ebtug Edlbgaj
famuxkat;ebtugminmansameRbHeRkamGMeBIrbs;bnkGtibrma
#> bnkGnuBaatenAelIFwmekIneLIgeRcInKYrsmedaysarkarGnuvtrbs;kmaMgeRbkugRtaMg
$> karekIneLIgnUvcMNakpitrbs;kmaMgeRbkugRtaMgkbegInkmaMgGnuvtn_GnuBaat EdleFVI[kugRtaMg
enAelImuxkat;minFMCagkugRtaMgGnuBaat.
19>1>2> karGnuvteRbkugRtaMgedayEpk (Partial Prestressing)
eKkMNt;Ggt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgedayEpk (partially prestressed concrete member) CaGgt;
Edl
- kugRtaMgxagkgEdlmanGMeBITb;EpknkugRtaMgEdlekItBIbnkxageRkA
- kugRtaMgTajekItmanenAkgebtugeRkamGMeBIbnkeFVIkar (service load)
- EdkBRgwgminEmnCaEdkeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)andak;bEnmedIm,IbegInlTPaBrbs;Ggt; edIm,ITb;
nwgm:Um:g;
eKGacBicarNa partially prestressed concrete tamBIrkrNI
!> eKeRbIEdkeRbkugRtaMg nigEdkminEmneRbkugRtaMgenAkgmuxkat;EtmYy. ExSkabeRbkugRtaMg
begItkugRtaMgxagkgRtUv)anKNnaedIm,ITTYl)an ultimate capacity rbs;muxkat;ebtugEt
mYyEpkb:ueNaH. cMENk capacity EdlenAsl;RtUv)anTTYlBIEdkminEmneRbkugRtaMg
Edldak;tamTisdUcKanwgkabeRbkugRtaMg. EdkEdleRbICaEdkminEmneRbkugRtaMgGacCaRb
T.Chhay
642
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
643
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
M cr =
Edl
NPIC
fr I
c
fr =
644
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
645
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
19>1>3> karcat;cMNat;fak;Ggt;rgkarBt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMg
(Classification of Prestressed Concrete Flexural Members)
)anEckGgt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgCabIfak;edayQrelIkugRtaMgTaj
enAelIsrsxageRkAbMput f t enAkgtMbn;TajeRkamGMeBIbnkeFVIkardUcxageRkam
ACI Code, Section 18.3
646
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
kugRtaMgsgt;GtibrmaesInwg 0.6 f ci
b. kugRtaMgTajGtibrma elIkElgGVIEdl)anGnuBaatdUcxageRkam esInwg 0.25 f ci
c. kugRtaMgTajGtibrmaenARtg;cugnGgt;TRmsamBaesInwg 0.5 f ci
Edl f ci CaersIusg;rbs;ebtugenAeBlepr
RbsinebIkugRtaMgTajmantmFMCagenH eKRtUvdak;EdkenAtMbn;sgt;edIm,ITb;Tl;kmaMgTaj
srubenAkgebtug edayQrelI uncracked gross section.
@> kugRtaMgeRkamGMeBIbnkeFVIkareRkayeBlkMhatbg; (loss) TaMgGs; sRmab;fak; U nigfak;
T mandUcteTA kugRtaMgsgt;Gtibrma 0.45 f 'c EdlbNalBIkmaMgeRbkugRtaMgbUknwgbnk
efr nigkugRtaMg 0.05 f 'c EdlbNalBIkmaMgeRbkugRtaMgbUknwgbnksrub.
#> kugRtaMgTaMgenHGacmantmFMCagenH RbsinebIkarBiesaF nigkarviPaKbgajfakaRbRBwteTA
rbs;vaRKb;RKan;.
a.
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
647
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Diameter
(mm)
6.350
7.950
9.525
11.125
12.700
15.240
9.525
11.125
12.700
15.250
4.877
4.978
6.350
7.010
19.050
22.225
25.400
28.575
31.750
34.925
15.875
19.050
25.400
31.750
34.925
Area
(mm2)
23.2
37.4
51.6
69.7
92.9
139.4
54.8
74.2
98.7
138.7
18.7
19.4
31.6
38.7
283.9
387.1
503.2
638.7
793.5
954.8
180.6
271.0
548.4
806.5
1006
Mass
(kg/m)
0.179
0.298
0.402
0.551
0.729
1.101
0.432
0.595
0.789
1.101
0.146
0.149
0.253
0.298
2.232
3.036
3.973
5.030
6.206
7.515
1.458
2.218
4.480
6.535
8.274
EdkeRbkugRtaMgEdleRbIenAkgebtugeRbkugRtaMgRtUvEtmanersIusg;x<s; CaTUeTAman
enAcenaH 1730MPa eTA 1860MPa . eKcaM)ac;GnuBaat[EdkersIusg;x<s;
mansac;lUtFM nigrkSakugRtaMgenAkgebtug[RKb;RKan; nigGciRny_bnab;BI inelastic shortening rbs;
ultimate strength f pu
T.Chhay
648
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
ebtug.
kugRtaMgGnuBaatenAkgEdkeRbkugRtaMgeyagtam ACI Code, Section 18.5 mandUcxageRkam
!> kugRtaMgGtibrmaEdlbNalBI tendon jacking force minRtUvFMCagtmEdltUcCageKk
gcMeNam 0.8 f pu nig 0.94 f py . tmEdltUcCagminRtUvFMCagkugRtaMgEdlENnaMedayGk
plit tendon b anchorage eT.
@> kugRtaMgGtibrmaenAkg pretensioned tendon PameRkayeBleprminRtUvFMCagtmtUc
CageKkgcMeNam 0.74 f pu nig 0.82 f py .
#> kugRtaMgGtibrmaenAkg postensioned tendon eRkayeBl tendon RtUv)an anchor KW
0.70 f pu .
19>2>3> EdkBRgwg
(Reinforcing Steel)
CaTUeTA eKeRbIEdkBRgwgminEmneRbkugRtaMgenAkgGgt;eRKOgbgMebtugeRbkugRtaMg Ca
BiessenAkgsMNg;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgcak;eRsc. eKeRbIEdkBRgwgCaEdkkmaMgkat;TTwg Ca
EdkbEnmsRmab;kardwkCBan nigkarelIkdak;Ggt;cak;eRsc ehIynigeRbIenAkgGgt;ebtugeRb
kugRtaMgedayEpkEdlcUlrYmCamYynwgEdkeRbkugRtaMg. RbePT nigkugRtaMgGnuBaatrbs;Edk
RtUvENnaMenAkgCMBUk 2 nigCMBUk 5 rYcehIy.
19>3> kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMg
19>3>1> Lump-sum losses
(Loss of Prestress)
kMhatbg;nkmaMgeRbkugRtaMgCabnbnab;ekItmaneRkayeBlkmaMgeRbkugRtaMgRtUv)an
eprBI jack eTaGgt;ebtug. kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgCakarkat;bnykmaMgeRbkugRtaMgkgmYy
CIvitneRKOgbgM. brimaNkMhatbg;enAkg tendon ERbRbYlcenaHBI 15% eTA 30% nkugRtaMg
edIm edayGaRsynwgktaCaeRcIn. sRmab;eRKOgbgMebtugGarem:Tmn;FmtaPaKeRcInEdlsagsg;
eday standard method, tendon stress loss bNalmkBI elastic shortening, shrinkage, creep nig
relaxation rbs;EdkKWmantmRbEhlnwg 35ksi(241MPa ) sRmab; pretensioned member
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
649
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Anchorage set
T.Chhay
650
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
f s =
Edl
nF nF
Es
f c = nf c = i o
Ac
Ac
Ec
(19.1)
RkLaprbs;muxkat;ebtug
n = E s / Ec = pleFobm:UDul (modular ratio)
f c = kugRtaMgrbs;ebtugenARtg;TIRbCMuTmn;rbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg
KuNkugRtaMgnwgRkLaprbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMg Asp edIm,ITTYl)ankmaMgsrub . Elastic loss KW
Ac =
nF
ES = Fo Fi = f s Asp = (nf c )Asp o Asp
Ac
Fi = Fo (nf c )Asp
(19.2)
(19.3)
(19.4)
1 e 2
Fo + f c (D.L.)nAsp = Fi 1 + nAsp +
A I
Fo + nAsp f c (D.L.)
Fi =
1 e2
1 + nAsp +
A I
(19.5)
sRmab; posttensioned member Edl tendon nig individual strand minrgkugRtaMgdMNalKa enaHeK
GackMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgesInwgBak;kNalntm ES sRmab; prestensioned member.
dUcKa eKGacyk elastic shortening loss enAkgkRmalxNesInwgmYyPaKbYnntm ES
sRmab; prestensioned member edaysarkarlUtrbs; tendon
mYyman\TiBltictYceTAelIkugRtaMgn tendon dTeTot.
19>3>3> kMhatbg;edaysarkarrYmmaD
(Loss Due to Shrinkage)
kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMgEdlbNalBIkarrYmmaDKWGaRsynwgeBl. eKGac)a:n;RbmaNvadUcxag
eRkam
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
651
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
SH = f s (shrinkage) = sh E s
(19.6)
(100 RH )
(19>7)
emKuN
Edl
eKGacyktm Cc dUcxageRkam
ersIusg;ebtug
f 'c 28MPa
Relative humidity
100%
50%
100%
50%
Cc
1 2
24
0 .7 1 .5
1 .5 3
T.Chhay
652
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
653
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
px
(19.9)
Ppj = Ppx e
Ppx = Ppj e
Edl
+ Kl px + p px
Kl px + p px
(19.10)
kmaMgeRbkugRtaMgenARtg;cMNuc x
Ppx = kmaMgeRbkugRtaMgenARtg; jacking end
p = emKuNkmaMgkkitedaysarkMeNag
px = bMErbMrYlmMusrubnragtambeNayrbs;EdkeRbkugRtaMgBI jacking end eTAdl;cMNuc x
KitCara:dg;
RbEvgkMeNag
=
kaMkMeNag
K = emKuNkmaMgkkit wobble kgmYyktaRbEvgrbs; tendon CakarsRmYl ACI Code
[nUvsmIkarxageRkamsRmab;krNI ( p px + Kl x ) 0.30 . lTplEdlTTYl)anBI
smIkarCatmRbEhl
Ppj =
Ppx = Ppj 1 + Kl px + p px
)1
(19.11)
654
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
.
kMhatbg;edaysarkmaMgkkitenAkg cnchorage KWGaRsynwgRbePT anchorage nigbrimaN
n deviation rbs; tendon Edlqgkat; anchorage. CaFmtakMhatbg;enHmantmtUcEdlGac
ecal)an. karENnaMkgkrNIBiessKYrTTYl)anBIplitkr.
tendon
3.33 5.0
0.15 0.25
1.67 6.67
0.15 0.25
0.33 2
0.08 0.30
1 6.67
0.05 0.15
0.33 0.67
0.05 0.15
Edl
L
Es
L
(19.12)
GaMgtg;sIuetnkarrGil anchor
E s = 2 10 5 MPa
L=
RbEvgrbs; tendon
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
655
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
strain
f s =
nFi
6 1935 3
=
10 = 32.25MPa
Ac 450 800
edayKitbERmbRmYlcMNakpittambeNayFwm
Fi
1935
strain enAmuxkat;xagcug =
=
10 3 = 1.56 10 4
450 800 34500
AE
c c
strain
enAkNalElVg = AFEi
c c
3
Fi e 2
IEc
bh
450(800 )3
=
= 1.92 1010 mm 4
12
12
1935 150 2
strain = 1.56 10 4 +
103 = 2.22 10 4
10
1.92 10 34500
1
strain
= (1.56 + 2.22)10 4 = 1.89 10 4
2
I=
mFm
T.Chhay
656
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
PaKrykMhatbg;
#> kMhatbg;edaysar creep rbs;ebtug edaysnt; Cc = 2.0 enaH f s = Cc ( cr Es )
Elastic strain =
Fi
= 1.56 10 4
Ac Ec
PaKrykMhatbg;
bedaytmRbhak;RbEhl eyIgyk cr = 7 10 5 kugRtaMgenAkgebtug
1935
103 = 3.76 10 4
450
800
cr = 7 10 5
PaKrykMhatbg;
vaCatmEdlmansuvtiPaB ehIyeKnwgTTYl)anGRtadUcKasRmab;karKNnaxagelIRbsinebIeKyk
Cc = 2.41 .
$> kMhatbg;edaysar relaxation rbs;Edk sRmab; low-relaxation strand eKsnt;ykkMhatbg;
esInwg 2.5%
f s = 1000 2.5% = 25MPa
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
657
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Elastic Shortening
Shrinkage loss
Creep of concrete loss
Relaxation of steel loss
Other loss
Total loss
37.8MPa
60.0MPa
62.4MPa
25.0MPa
20.0MPa
205.2MPa
3.78%
6.00%
6.24%
2.50%
2.00%
20.52%
sRmab; F = Fi
dUcenH = 0.833
dMeNaHRsay
ps
4950 3
10 = 1022.7 MPa
4840
kugRtaMgenAkgebtugRtg;muxkat;xagcug = 494950
10 3 = 10.1MPa
4
10
2
M D = 12.25
kugRtaMgenAkNalElVg
kugRtaMgmFm
T.Chhay
658
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
11.9
mFm = 11E.9 = 34500
= 3.45 10 4
c
kMhatbg;eGLasicKW f s = c Es = 3.45 10 4 2 105 = 69MPa edaysnt;faeKTaj tendon
mgBIrkgeBlEtmYy. KUTImYynwgmankMhatbg;FMCageK b:uEnKUcugeRkaynwgmankMhatbg;esIsUn.
dUcenH kMhatbg;eGLasicmFm f s = 69 / 2 = 34.5MPa .
34.5
PaKrykMhatbg; = 1022
= 3.37%
.7
@> kMhatbg;edaysarkarrYmmaDrbs;ebtug
strain
PaKrykMhatbg;
#> kMhatbg;;edaysar creep rbs;ebtug snt; Cc = 1.5
elastic strain =
Fi
4950
=
10 3 = 2.93 10 4
4
Ac Ec 49 10 34500
PaKrykMhatbg;
$> kMhatbg;edaysar relaxation rbs;Edk sRmab; low-relaxation strand, kMhatbg;KW 2.5%
f s = 0.025 1022.7 = 25.6 MPa
L
3.8
Es =
200000 = 21.1MPa
L
36000
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
659
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
slope
Ppx = Ppj 1 + Kl px + p px
= Px (1 + 0.088) = 1.088 Px
= 1.088 1022.7 = 1112.7 MPa
kmaMgenAcug jacking
PaKrykMhatbg;
&> kMhatbg;srub
Elastic Shortening
Shrinkage loss
Creep of concrete loss
Relaxation of steel loss
Friction loss
Total loss
34.5MPa
40.0MPa
87.9MPa
25.6MPa
90.0MPa
278.0MPa
3.37%
3.91%
8.59%
2.50%
8.80%
27.17%
sRmab; F = Fi
dUcenH = 0.762
(Analysis of Flexural Members)
19>4> viPaKGgt;rgkarBt;begag
19>4>1> kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIlkxNmanbnk niglkxNKanbnk
Stresses Due to Loaded and Unloaded condition
660
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
krNITIBIrnkardak;bnkekIteLIgenAeBlEdlFwmrgkmaMgeRbkugRtaMgeRkayBIekItmankMhat
bg;TaMgGs; nigrgnUvbnkefr nigGefr. enAkglkxNmanbnkenH kugRtaMgenAsrsEpkxagelIbM
put nigEpkxageRkambMputnmuxkat;eRKaHfak;dac;xatminRtUvFMCagkugRtaMgGnuBaat f c nig f t
sRmab;kugRtaMgrgkarsgt; nigkugRtaMgrgkarTajrbs;ebtugerogKa.
lkxNTaMgenHGacsresrCaTRmg;KNitviTadUcxageRkam
!> sRmab;lkxNKanbnk enAeBlepr
- enAsrsEpkxagelIbMput
ti =
Fi (Fi e ) yt M D yt
+
f ti
A
I
I
(19.14)
Fi (Fi e ) yb M D yb
f ci
A
I
I
(19.15)
- enAsrsEpkxageRkambMput
bi =
661
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
lower kern
t =
Fi (Fi e ) yt
+
=0
A
I
e = K b = lower kern =
I
Ayt
(19.17)
Fi (Fi e ) yb
+
=0
A
I
I
Ayb
(19.18)
nmuxkat;RtIekaNRtUv)anbgajenArUbTI 19>5.
19>4>3> karkMNt;tmncMNakpit
(Limiting Values of Eccentricity)
eKGacsresrsmIkarkugRtaMgTaMgbYn BIsmIkar 19.13 dl; 19.16CaGnuKmn_ncMNakpit e
sRmab;lkxNnkardak;bnkepSg. Ca]TahrN_ eKGacsresrsmIkar 19.13 dUcxageRkam
T.Chhay
662
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Fi (Fi e ) yt M D yt
+
f ti
A
I
I
(Fi e )yt f + Fi + M D yt
ti
I
A
I
I Fi M D yt
e
+ f ti
+
Fi yt A
I
ti =
(19.19)
M D f ti AK b
+
Fi
Fi
(19.20)
tm e CacMNakpitGtibrmaEdlQrelIsrsEpkxagelIbMputsRmab;lkxNKanbnk.
dUcKa BIsmIkar 19.14
I Fi M D yb
+ f ci
+
Fi yb A
I
f
AK
M
t
e K t + D + ci
Fi
Fi
e
(19.21)
(19.22)
tm e CacMNakpitGtibrmaEdlQrelIsrsEpkxageRkambMputsRmab;lkxNKanbnk.
eKKNna tmGtibrma e BIsmIkarelITaMgBIredayyktmEdltUcCagmkeRbI.
BIsmIkar 19.15
I F M T yt
fc
+
Fyt A
I
f AK
M
e Kb + T c b
F
F
e
(19.23)
(19.24)
ft
+
Fyb A
I
f
AK
M
t
e Kt + T t
F
F
(19.25)
(19.26)
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
663
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
19>4>4> tmkMNt;mkmaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBlepr
(Limiting Values of the Prestessing Force at Transfer)
ML
(19.27)
(19.28)
1
( f c AK b )
(19.29)
(e + K t )Fi M D + M L 1 ( f t AK t )
(19.30)
f AK t
1 M
Fi (K b + K t ) M D 1 + L t
f ti AK t
M L f t AK t
1
( f ti AK b )
Fi
1 M D +
(K b + K t )
(19.31)
tm Fi CatmGb,brmankmaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBlepredaymin[FMCagkugRtaMgGnuBaateRkam
lkxNmanbnk nigKanbnk. CMnYssmIkar 19.29 eTAkgsmIkar 19.28 edIm,ITTYl)an
Fi
1
M L f c AK b
1
+
1 M D
(K b + K t )
+ ( f ci AK t )
(19.32)
tm Fi CatmGtibrmankmaMgeRbkugRtaMgenAeBlepredaymin[elIskugRtaMgGnuBaateRkam
lkxNmanbnk nigKanbnk. edayCMnYssmIkar 19.31 eTAkgsmIkar 19.32
1
f
f
2M L
+ fti + c AKb + f ci + t AKt 0
1 2 M D
(19.33)
T.Chhay
664
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
665
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
!> kMNt;lkNrbs;muxkat;
RkLap = 600 150 + 450 150 + 300 250 = 23.25 104 mm2
kMNt;TIRbCMuTmn;rbs;muxkat;edayKitm:Um:g;eFob)atrbs;muxkat;
1
(
yb =
75 103 125 + 90 103 550 + 67.5 103 925) = 522mm
4
23.25 10
yt = 1000 522 = 478mm
666
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
450(150)3
150(600 )3
Ig =
+ (150)(600)(28)2
+ (450)(150)(403)2 +
12
12
300(250 )3
+
+ (300)(250 )(397 )2
12
= 2.607 1010 mm 4
I
2.607 1010
Kb =
=
= 235.6mm
Ayt 23.25 10 4 478
Kt =
I
2.607 1010
=
= 214.8mm
Ayb 23.25 10 4 522
d.
e.
f.
kugRtaMgkmaMgeRbkugRtaMg
Fi = 1200 48 = 1152 MPa
enAeBlepr
= 1
=
pleFobkMhatbg;GaRsynwgeBl
964
= 0.837
1152
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
667
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
Ma
(13.15 + 16)14.4 2
8
= 755.6kN.m
m:Um:g;srub (M T ) = M D + M L = 906.2kN .m
Fi = kugRtaMgenAeBlepr RkLapEdkeRbkugRtaMg
RkLaprbs; tendon 20 Edl tendon nImYymanGgt;pit 11.125mm KW
20 69.7 = 1394mm 2
Fi = 1394 1152 10 3 = 1606kN
F = 1394 964 10 3 = 1344kN
a.
BicarNamuxkat;enAkNalElVg
srsxagelIbMput kglkxNminrgbnk
e Kb +
M D f ti AK b
+
Fi
Fi
235.6 +
srsxageRkambMput kglkxNKanbnk
e Kt +
M D f ci AK t
+
Fi
Fi
214.8 +
yktm e EdltUcCageKkgcMeNamlTplTaMgBIrxagelICatmGtibrma.
dUcenH tmGtibrmarbs; e = 374mm
srsxagelIbMput kglkxNrgbnk
e Kb +
T.Chhay
M T f c AK b
F
F
668
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
235.6 +
srsxageRkambMput kglkxNmanbnk
M T f t AK t
F
F
906.2 3 2.96 23.25 10 4 214.8 3
10
214.8 +
10 349.5mm
1344
1344
e Kt +
b.
tmGb,brmarbs; e CatmtUcCageKkgcMeNamlTplTaMgBIrxagelI.
dUcenH tmGb,brmarbs; e = 350mm
BicarNamuxkat;EdlenAcmay 2.4m BIkNalElVg muxkat;elx @ kgrUbTI 19>6 a
w
M D bnkpal; = R A (4.8) D (4.8)2
2
= (5.81)(7.2)(4.8)
5.81
(4.8)2 = 133.9kN.m
2
29.15
(4.8)2 = 671.6kN .m
M a = (29.15)(7.2)(4.8)
2
M T = 133.9 + 671.6 = 805.5kN .m
srsxagelIbMput sRmab;lkxNminrgbnk
133.9 3 1.32(23.25 10 4 )(235.6) 3
10 +
e 235.6 +
10 364mm
1606
1606
srsxageRkambMput sRmab;lkxNminrgbnk
133.9 3 16.8(23.25 10 4 )214.8 3
10 +
e 214.8 +
10 391mm
1606
1606
tmGtibrmarbs; e = 364mm
srsxagelIbMput sRmab;lkxNRTbnk
805.5 3 15.75(23.25 10 4 )235.6 3
10
e 235.6 +
10 193mm
1344
1344
ssrxageRkambMput sRmab;lkxNRTbnk
805.5 3 2.96(23.25 10 4 )214.8 3
10
e 214.8 +
10 274.5mm
1344
c.
1344
tmGb,brmarbs; e = 274.5mm
BicarNamuxkat;Rtg;cmay 4.8m BIkNalElVg muxkat;elx # kgrUbTI 19>6 a
M D bnkpal; = 83.7kN.m
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
669
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M a = 419.8kN .m
M T = 503.5kN .m
T.Chhay
670
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
b.
1
(8 364 12 226) = 10mm
20
0.9
(364 10) + 10 = 76mm
4.8
1
(364 10) + 10 = 187mm
2
1
M L ( f t AK t )
( f ti AK b )
1 M D +
(K b + K t )
1
755.6 106 2.96 23.25 10 4 214.8
1150.6 106 +
10 3
0.837
0.837
=
0.837
(235.6 + 214.8)
4
= 1516.8kN
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
1
M L f c AK b
+
+ f ci AK t
1 M D
(K b + K t )
671
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
1
15.75 23.25 10 4 235.6
6 755.6 10
1
150
.
6
10
10
0.837
0.837
=
0.837
(235.6 + 214.8)
4
16
.
8
23
.
25
10
214
.
8
+
= 2081.9kN
enAkNalElVg = 150.6kN .m
Fi =
Fo + nAps f c (D.L.)
1 + nA ps
a.
yk n = 7
2
3
1 e2
+
A I
e2
+ (2.4 132496 )
= 70414.7 mm 2
e = 265mm
b.
RkLaprbs;)a:ra:bUlesInwgRkLaprbs;ctuekaNEkg.
kugRtaMgEdlbNalBIbnkefrenARtg;nIv:Urbs; tendon KW
f c (D.L.) =
T.Chhay
150.6 265
2.607 1010
10 6 = 1.53MPa
672
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
dUcenH
2
3
Fi =
10 3 = 1575.1kN
1
70414.7
1 + 7(1394 )
+
4
2.607 1010
23.25 10
elastic loss
snt; 4% .
97.7 3
kgmYyktaRkLapEdk = 1394
10 = 70 MPa
1575.1 3
Fi kgmYyktaRkLap =
10 = 1130 MPa
1394
kMhatbg;GaRsynwgeBl
kMhat;bg;edaysarkarrYmmaDebtug = 60MPa dUcelIkmun
kMhatbg;edaysar creep
elastic loss
c.
elastic strain =
Fi
1575.1
=
103 = 2.45 10 4
4
Ac Ec
23.25 10 27600
f s = Cc ( cr Es )
yk Cc = 1.5 enaH
PaKrykMhatbg;
kMhatbg;edaysar relaxation rbs;EdkKW 48MPa dUcelIkmun.
kMhatbg;GaRsynwgeBl esInwg 60 + 73.5 + 48 = 181.5MPa ehIyPaKrykMhatbg;KW
181.5 / 1130 = 16% Edlman tmEk,rnwgtmEdl)ansnt; 15.7% .
F = Fi = (1 0.16 )Fi = 0.84 Fi
= 0.84
19>5> KNnaGgt;rgkarBt;begag
(Design of Flexural Members)
19>5>1> sBaaNTUeTA (General)
EpkBIedIm)anbBaak;fakugRtaMgenAsrsxagelIbMput nigsrsxageRkambMputnmuxkat;eRKaH
fak;rbs;Ggt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgminRtUvFMCagkugRtaMgGnuBaatsRmab;RKb;krNITaMgGs; bdMNak;kaln
kardak;bnk. bEnmBIelIlkxNTaMgenH eKRtUvKNnaGgt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgCamYynwgemKuNsuvtiesckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
673
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
EdnkMNt;sRmab;EdkBRgwgrbs;Ggt;rgkarBt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMgEdlGaRsyeTAtam ACI
Code, Section 18.8 KWQrelI net tensile strain sRmab; tension-controlled, transition b
compression-controlled section edayeKarBtam ACI Code, Section 10.3
T.Chhay
674
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
M n = C d = T d
2
2
(19.34)
A ps f ps
0.85 f 'c b
p f ps
0.85 f 'c
(19.35|
f ps
CaRkLap nigkugRtaMgTajrbs;
f ps
0.32 1
f 'c
p = p
p
(19.36)
bnab;mk
a=
d
0.85
tm p CakmaMgenAkg tendon EdlRtUv)anvas;edaypal;. edIm,IFananUv tesion-controlled
behavior, ACI Code, Section 18.8.1 kMNt;fa p minRtUvFMCag 0.32 1 EdkRtUvKanwg net tensile
strain t = 0.005 . cMNaMfa 1 = 0.85 sRmab; f 'c 28MPa nwgkat;bnyeday 0.05 sRmab;ral;
7 MPa sRmab; 28MPa < f 'c < 56 MPa ehIyesInwg 0.65 sRmab; f 'c > 56 MPa .
eKkGacsresr
a
M n = A ps f ps d
2
p f ps
M n = Aps f ps d 1
1 .7 f ' c
(19.37)
M n = A ps f ps d 1
1 .7
(19.38)
nig M u = M n
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
675
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
p pu
f 'c
(19.39)
f 'c
f ps = f se + 69 +
f py
100
(19.40)
f 'c
f ps = f se + 69 +
300 p
(19.41)
1.7
= p bd f ps d (1 0.1881 )
= p f 'c (1 0.1881 )bd 2
T.Chhay
(19.42)
676
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
sRmab;
. enaH
dUcKa/ sRmab;
nigsRmab;
M n = Apw f ps d p + A pf f ps d p
2
2
A pw f ps
a=
M u = M n
0.85 f 'c bw
(19.43)
nig
Edl
A pw = Aps Apf
A pf = 0.85 f 'c (b bw )h f / f ps
kRmas;rbs;sab
cMNaMfaRkLapEdkeRbkugRtaMgsrub Aps EckecjCaBIrEpk Apw nig Apf EdlbegIt web
moment capacity nig flange moment capacity. sRmab;muxkat;Edlmansab snsSn_EdkBRgwg
(reinforcement index) pw minRtUvFMCag 0.32 1 sRmab; tension-controlled section Edl
Apw f ps
f
= GRtaEdkRTnugeRbkugRtaMg ps
pw =
b d
f'
f'
hf =
(Nonprestressed Reinforcement)
19>5>4> EdkBRgwgrgeRbkugRtaMg
kgkrNIxH eKdak;EdkminrgeRbkugRtaMg As enAkgtMbn;Tajrbs;Ggt;rgkarBt;ebtugeRbkug
RtaMgCamYynwgEdkeRbkugRtaMg Aps edIm,IbegInersIusg;m:Um:g; (moment strength) rbs;Fwm. enAkg
krNIenH Edksrub Aps nig As RtUv)anBicarNaenAkgkarviPaKm:Um:g;.
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
677
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
M n = A ps f ps d p + As f y d
2
2
A ps f ps + As f y
a=
dp
d
0.85 f 'c b
(19.44)
a
a
M n = Apw f ps d p + As f s d + Apf f ps d p
2
2
2
Edl
(19.45)
A pw = A ps Apf
a=
Aps f ps + As f y
0.85 f 'c bw
sRmab;muxkat;ctuekaNEkgEdlmanEdkrgkarsgt; ehIym:Um:g;RtUv)anKiteFobnwgkmaMg C
a
a
Aps f ps + As f y A's f y
a=
0.85 f 'c b
(19.46)
Edl
smIkarenHmannyEtenAeBlEdlEdkrgkarsgt; yield. lkxNsRmab;Edkrgkarsgt; yield KW
Aps f ps + As f y A' s f y
f ' d ' 600
0.851 c
bd
d 600 f y
f
p pu + d ( ') (ACI Code, Eq. 18.3)
f 'c d p
RbsinebIeKKitEdkrgkarsgt;TaMgGs; enAeBlKNna
p
nig
T.Chhay
f pu
f 'c
f ps
(19.47)
enaHtY
d
( ') 0.17
dp
d ' 0.15d p
678
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Edl
d
0.321
dp
f ps
f 'c
p = p
fy
f 'c
nig
p =
nig
Aps
bd
As
bd
EdkrgeRbkugRtaMg
EdkminrgeRbkugRtaMg
d
( ') 0.321
dp
Edl ' = ' ( f y / f 'c ) nig ' = A's / bd . EdnkMNt;Edk (reinforcement limitation)
mansarsMxan;edIm,I Fana plastic failure rbs;FwmebtugGarem:EdkmanEdktic.
#> sRmab;muxkat;mansab RkLapEdlcaM)ac;edIm,IbegItersIusg;rbs;RTnug Apw RtUv)aneRbI
edIm,IRtYtBinit reinforcement index.
f ps
0.32 1
pw RTnug = pw
f'
A pw
pw =
Edl
bw d d
RbsinebIeKeRbIEdkminrgeRbkugRtaMg enaH reinforcement limitation KW
pw +
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
d
d pw
(w 'w ) 0.321
679
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
Edl
NPIC
w =
As f y
bw d f 'c
nig
'w =
A's f y
bw d f 'c
2 3700
2.5Cc
s =
3 f ps
F (Fe ) yb M cr yb
+
A
I
I
enAeBlEdl b = f r = 0.62
T.Chhay
f 'c
680
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
M cr =
I
F (Fe ) yb
0.62 f 'c + +
yb
A
I
(19.48)
dMeNaHRsay
A ps f ps
(19.35)
0.85 f 'c b
f pd
p
f ps = f pu 1
p
f 'c
1
(19.39)
edayeK[
f pu = 1725MPa
1725
1394(1568.6)
a=
= 163.3mm
0.85(35)450
M n = A pw f ps d + A pf f ps d
2
2
1
0.85 f 'c (b bw )h f
f ps
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
]
681
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
=
NPIC
1
[0.85(35)(450 150)150] = 853.5mm 2
1568.6
Apw f ps
0.85 f 'c bw
540.5(1568.6 )
= 190mm
0.85(35)150
190 6
150 6
+ 853.5(1568.6 ) 842
M n = 540.5(1568.6 ) 842
= 1660.2kN .m
10
10
2
2
M n = 0.9(1660.2) = 1494.2kN .m
A pw
bw d
pw = pw
540.5
= 4.28 10 3
150 842
f ps
f 'c
= 0.9
bnkGefr = 16kN / m
U = 1 .2 D + 1 .6 L
14.4 2
[1.2 18.96 + 1.6 16] = 1253.3kN .m
Mu =
8
y
I
F
0.62 f 'c + + (Fe ) b
yb
A
I
522
23.25 10
2.607 10
= 961.2kN.m
RtYtBinitemIlfa 1.2M cr M n
1.2 M cr = 1.2(961.2 ) = 1153.4kN .m
T.Chhay
682
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
683
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
dMeNaHRsay
!> PaBdabenAeBlepr
a. KNnaPaBdabcuHeRkamEdlbNalBIbnkefrenAeBlepr kgkrNIenHbnkefrCabnkpal;
sRmab;FwmTRmsamBaEdlrgbnkBRgayesI
5wL4
D bnkefr =
384 EI
BI]TahrN_ 19>4/ wD = 5.81kN / m / L = 14.4m / Eci = 24800MPa nig
I = 2.607 1010 mm 4
5(5.81)14400 4
D =
= 5mm
384(24800 )2.607 1010
b.
cuHeRkam
23(Fi e1 )L2
216 Eci I
= 20mm
eLIgelI
Camber
PaBdabPamcugeRkayeRkambnkeFVIkarKW
= w p = 27 15 = 12mm
T.Chhay
684
cuHeRkam
Introduction to Prestressed Concrete
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
685
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
(Basic Approach)
Vu Vn (Vc + Vs )
(19.49)
rbs;ebtug
Vs = nominal shear capacity rbs;Edk
= emKuNkat;bnyersIusg; = 0.75
enAeBlEdlkmaMgkat;emKuN Vu tUcCag Vu / 2 eKRtUvkardak;EdkkmaMgkat;Gb,brma.
Edl
19>8>2> ersIusg;kmaMgkat;Edlpl;edayebtug
Shear Strength Provided by Concrete
bgajsmIkary:agsamBaEdl)anBIkarBiesaFedIm,I)a:n;RbmaN
nominal shear capacity rbs;Ggt;ebtugeRbkugRtaMg EdlenAkgGgt;enaH tendon mankmaMgeRb
kugRtaMg f se y:agtic 40% ersIusg;Taj f pu
ACI Code, Section 11.4
V d
Vc = 0.05 f 'c + 4.8 u bw d
Mu
Edl
T.Chhay
Vu
(19.50)
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Section 11.4.2)
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
687
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
VM
(19.51)
Vci = (0.05 f 'c )bw d + Vd + i cr
M
max
688
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
(
)
(19.53)
Edl V p = bgMkM;laMgeRbkugRtaMgbBarenARtg;muxkat;EdlBicarNa
f pc = kugRtaMgsgt;enAkgebtug eRkaykarGnuBaatsRmab;kMhatbg;eRbkugRtaMg enARtg;TI
RbCMuTmn;rbs;muxkat;EdlTb;Tl;nwgbnkEdlGnuvt benARtg;TIRbsBVrvagRTnug nig
sabenAeBlEdlTIRbCMuTmn;sitenAkgsab
ma:gvijeTot eKGackMNt; Vcw CakmaMgkat;EdlbegItkugRtaMgTajem (principle tensile
stress) 0.33 f 'c enARtg;GkSTIRbCMuTmn;rbs;Ggt; bRtg;RbsBVnsab nigRTnugenAeBlEdlTIRbCMu
TMgn;sitenAkgsab. eKGacsresrsmIkarGkSdUcxageRkam
Vcw = 0.29 f 'c + 0.3 f pc bw d + V p
f
f pc
2
pc
f t = 0.33 f 'c = vcw
+
2
2
f pc
b d
Vcw = f t 1 +
w
f
t
(19.54)
Edl ft = 0.33 f 'c . enAeBlGnuvtsmIkar 19.51 nig 19.53 b 19.54 tmrbs; d RtUv)anKitCa
cmaycenaHsrsrgkarsgt; nigTIRbCMuTmn;rbs; tendon eRbkugRtaMg b:uEnvaminRtUvtUcCag 0.8h .
muxkat;eRKaHfak;sRmab;kmaMgkat;GtibrmaRtUv)anykRtg; h / 2 BIprbs;TRm. eKRtUveRbI
EdkkmaMgkat;dUcKaRtg;muxkat;cenaHTRm nigmuxkat;Rtg; h / 2 .
(Shear Reinforcement)
19>8>3> EdkkmaMgkat;
eKRtUvKNnatm Vs edIm,IkMNt;RkLapcaM)ac;rbs;EdkkmaMgkat;
Vu = (Vc + Vs )
1
Vs = (Vu Vc )
(19.49)
(19.55)
sRmab;EdkkgbBar
Vs =
nig
Av f y d
s
Vs
Av = s
f yd
(19.56)
s=
Av f y d
Vs
(19.57)
689
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
19>8>4> EdnkMNt;
NPIC
(Limitation)
max
Av min =
b s
0.35bw s
0.062 f 'c w
fy
fy
enAeBlEdlkmaMgeRbkugRtaMgRbsiTPaB
Av =
Aps f pu s
80 f y d
(19.58)
f pe 0.4 f pu
EdkkmaMgkat;Gb,brma Av Kw
d
bw
(19.59)
f y = 400MPa
sRmab;Edk
dMeNaHRsay
!> sRmab;muxkat;enARtg; h / 2
h 1000
=
= 500mm
2
2
BIxagcug
@> bnkBRgayesIemKuNenAelIFwm
Wu = 1.2(5.81 + 13.15) + 1.6 19.4 = 53.8kN / m
h
Vu
= 53.8(7.2 0.5) = 360.5kN
2
enAcmay
kMNt; M u enARtg;muxkat; h / 2
0.52
= 187kN .m
2
690
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
d = (1000 158)
4.8
Vu d 360.5 0.516
=
= 0.995 1.0
187
Mu
V d
Vc = 0.05 f 'c + 4.8 u bw d
Mu
(
)
tmGb,brmarbs; Vc = 0.17 f 'c bwd = 0.17 35 (150)516 103 = 77.8kN
tmGtibrmarbs; Vc = 0.42 f 'c bwd = 0.42 35 (150)516 103 = 192.3kN
tmGtibrmarbs; Vc = 192.3kN manlkNlub.
#> viFIepSgeTotEdlbgajeday ACI Code KWfaeKGacyktm Vc CatmtUcCageKkgcMeNam Vci
nig Vcw
a. edayQrelI flexural-shear cracking strength
VM
Vci = (0.05 f 'c )bw d + Vd + i cr
M
= 0.05 35 + 4.8 0.995 150 516 10 3 = 392.6kN
max
KNnatYnImYydac;edayELkBIKa
(0.05 f 'c )bwd = 0.05 35 (150)516 103 = 22.9kN
Vd = kmaMgkat;efrKanemKuN = (5.81 + 13.15)(7.2 0.5) = 129.4kN
M max = m:Um:g;emKuNGtibrma elIkElgTmn;rbs;Fwm
bnkemKuN = 1.2 13.15 + 1.6 19.4 = 46.8kN / m
0.52
M max = 46.87.2 0.5
= 162.6kN .m
2
/
f pe = kugRtaMgrgkarsgt;EdlbNalBIkmaMgeRbkugRtaMg
=
=
F Feyb
+
A
I
1344 103
23.25 10 4
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
= 6.8MPa
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
fd =
kugRtaMgbnkefr = M DI yb
0.52
M D = 18.967.2 0.5
= 65.9kN .m
2
65.9(522 ) 10 6
fd =
= 1.32 MPa
2.607 1010
2.607 1010
M cr =
0.5 35 + 6.8 1.32 10 6 = 412.4kN .m
522
412.4
= 947.7kN
Vci = 22.9 + 129.4 + 313.6
162.6
b.
dUcenH
Vci minRtUvtUcCag (0.14 f 'c )bw d = 0.14 35 (150)516 10 3 = 64.1kN
ersIusg;kmaMgkat;EdlQrelI web-shear cracking KW
Vcw = (0.29 f 'c + 0.3 f pc )bw d + V p
f pc =
1344 103
23.25 10 4
d = 516mm
yk
= 5.78MPa
b 0.8h = 800mm
d = 800mm
V p = 1344
1
= 101.8kN
13.2
dUcenH Vcw = (1.72 + 0.3 5.78) 150 800 103 + 101.8 = 516.3kN
c. edaysar Vcw < Vci dUcenH Vcw = 516.3kN Ca nominal shear strength enARtg;muxkat; h / 2
BIcugrbs;Fwm. kgkrNICaeRcIn Vcw lubRtg; h / 2 BITRm.
$> EdkRTnug (web reinforcement)
Vu = 360.5kN
KMlatGtibrmaCatmEdltUcCageKkgcMeNam
s1 =
3
h = 750mm
4
s2 = 600mm
KNna s3 BIsmIkarEdkRTnugGb,brma
T.Chhay
692
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Av min =
157 =
Aps
80
f pu
fy
s
d
d
bw
80
400 516 150
s3 = 581mm
yk s3 = 500mm
b s
0.35bw s
0.062 f 'c w
fy
fy
Av f y
157 400
=
s4 =
= 1140mm
0.367bw 0.367 150
ma:gvijeTot
Av min =
32
M u = 53.87.2 3 = 920kN .m
2
V d
Vc = 0.05 f 'c + 4.8 u bw d = 0.05 35 + 4.8 0.173 150 705 10 3 = 119.1kN
Mu
32
M max = 46.87.2 3 = 800.3kN .m
2
Vi = 46.8(7.2 3) = 196.6kN
f pe =
1344 103
23.25 10 4
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
693
= 11.9 MPa
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
32
M D = 18.967.2 3 = 324.2kN .m
2
fd =
324.2(522 ) 106
= 6.5MPa
2.607 1010
2.607 1010
M cr =
0.5 35 + 11.9 6.5 10 6 = 417.4kN .m
522
417.4
= 213.4kN
Vci = 31.3 + 79.6 + 196.6
800.3
dUcenH
dUcnH
Vci = 213.4kN
bnab;mkKNna Vcw
f pc = 5.78MPa
d = 705mm
dUcelIkmun
V p = 101.8kN
b 0.8h = 800mm
yk d = 800mm
dUcenH Vcw = (1.72 + 0.3 5.78) 150 800 103 + 101.8 = 516.3kN
tmrbs; Vcw minmaneRKaHfak;eT. enARtg;mYyPaKbYnnRbEvgElVg tmkmaMgkat;eRKaHfak;KW
Vci rUbTI 19>8.
&> KNnaEdkRTnug
Vu = 226kN
Vu = (Vc + Vs )
1
(226 160) = 88kN
Vs =
0.75
Av
T.Chhay
694
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
19>9> KNnaCMhandMbUgnGgt;ebtugeRbmugRtaMgrgkarBt;
Preliminary Design of Prestressed Concrete Flexural Members
695
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
yb
Zb
Zt
Tmn;
(in. )
2
(in. )
(in.)
(in. )
(in. )
(lb / ft )
369
50979
15.83
3220
2527
384
Type III
560
125390
20.27
6186
5070
593
Type IV
789
260741
24.73
10544
8908
822
T.Chhay
696
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
M T = Aps f se ( jd )
A ps =
MT
f se ( jd )
MT
(0.65h ) f se
(19.60)
ehIykmaMgeRbkugRtaMgKW
F = T = A ps f se =
MT
0.65h
(19.61)
KitCakugRtaMg AC = ApsA f se = f c1
c
c
Edl fc1 CakugRtaMgBRgayesIEdlsnt;enAelImuxkat;
sRmab;karKNnaCMhandMbUg
eKsnt;srsxageRkArbs;karEbgEckkugRtaMgragRtIekaNesInwg kugRtaMgsgt;GnuBaatGtibrma f ca .
dUcenHkugRtaMgmFmKW 0.5 fca = fc1 . kugRtaMgsgt;GnuBaat enAkgebtugKW fca = 0.45 f 'c . dUcenH
eKGacsnt;RkLapebtugEdlRtUvkar Ac BIkmaMgTaj T dUc xageRkam
A ps f se A ps f se
Aps f se
T
=
=
=
0.5 f ca 0.225 f 'c
f c1
f c1
T
MT
MT
MT
Ac =
=
=
=
0.5 f ca (0.65h )(0.5 f ca ) 0.33 f ca 0.15 f 'c
Ac =
(19.62)
(19.63)
697
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
e = Kb +
NPIC
MD
Fi
(19.64)
ld = f ps f se d e
3
Edl
(19.65)
T.Chhay
f ps =
698
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
Edl
f sa =
Fi h
f sa lt
(19.66)
dMeNaHRsay
Fi = 1606kN h = 1000mm
dUcenH
Av = 0.021
h 1000
=
= 200mm
5
5
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
699
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
T.Chhay
700
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
esckIENnaMBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg
701
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
NPIC
]bsm<n
T.Chhay
702
Appendix
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
]bsm<n
703
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
704
Appendix
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
]bsm<n
705
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
706
Appendix
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
]bsm<n
707
T.Chhay
mhaviTalysMNg;sIuvil
T.Chhay
NPIC
708
Appendix
viTasanCatiBhubeckeTskm<Ca
]bsm<n
709
T.Chhay