Constantes Especficas de

Dosis Gamma de algunos

Radionclidos Importantes en
Proteccin Radiolgica

Tomado del Health Physics and Radiological Health Handbook.

BERNARD SHLEIEN.

Tabla 6.1 Constantes Especficas de Dosis Gamma de

algunos Radionclidos Importantes en Proteccin Radiolgica
---(After Unger an~ Trubey ORNURSIC-45 1981)

La rapidez de equivalente de dosis gamma a 1 metro de una fuente

puntual, i.e., la constante especfica de dosis gamma, es una cantidad de
mucha utilidad en proteccin radiolgica. Se dispone de una extensa
recopilacin de datos nucleares necesarios para calcular esta constante
(Kocher 1981) para aproximadamente 500 nclidos importantes para
dosimetra proteccin radiolgica y han sido utilizados para obtener una
tabla la constante especfica de dosis gamma. Adems se tabularon, la vida
media y el coeficiente promedio de atenuacin lineal.
Los datos fueron calculados en bases diferentes de las primeras
tabulaciones (Nachtigall 1969). La rapidez de equivalente de dosis est
dada en unidades del SI como mSv/h para una fuente de 1 MBq. Para
convertir a otras unidades, ntese que 1 mCi es igual a 37 MBq y 1 Sv es
igual a 100 rem. Esto es, para convertir los datos en unidades de
(mSv/h)/MBq a (mrem/h)/Ci, multiplquese el valor de la constante por
3.7.
Una segunda diferencia es que la conversin de densidad de flujo de
radiacin gamma se estima que es:
ln D(E) = A + B(ln E) + C(ln E)2 + F(ln E)3

(rem/h)(cm2-s)

(1)

donde la energa est en unidades de MeV y las constantesA, B, C y F

estn dadas en la Tabla 6.1.1 (tomadas de ANSI 1977).
La constante de dosis gamma, , se estim sobre n de acuerdo con:
= ( R2) Si D(Ei)

(rem/h por Bq)

(2)

donde R = 100 cm,

n
= nmero of rayos gamma emitidos por el nclido,
Si
= probabilidad de emisin de cada rayo gamma
Ei
= energa del rayo gamma (MeV),
D(Ei) = rapidez de dosis por unidad de densidad de flujo de la Ec. 1.
Solamente se incluyeron rayos gamma de energa mayor a 0.01 MeV.
El coeficiente promedio de atenuacin a se determin calculando el espesor
de plomo requerido para una atenuacin del 95%, i.e.,
0.05 = i exp( (Ei) t)

(3)

donde i = Si D(Ei)/(4R2)
Ei = coeficiente de atenuacin lineal (Hubbell 1969) para plomo,
t = espesor requerido (cm).
El valor de t fu determinado por un procedimiento iterativo, i.e., mtodo
de Newton. El valor del coeficiente promedio de atenuacin se determin
resolviendo la siguiente ecuacin para :
0.05 = exp( t).
a An alternative description of )I as employed in Table 6.1.2 mighl be the
effeclive atlenualion coefficient for lead at 95~. attenuation.
Los resultados presentados en la Tabla 6.1.2 fueron calculados usando
datos por calculadora (Kocher, 1981) disponibles como DLC-80/DRALIST del
Radiation Shielding Information Center. Los clculos se realizaron usando el
programa de cmputo SPEC-GAM, programado por el primer autor para el
ORNL Engineering Physics Information Centers (EPIC) Data General Eclipse
S/130 computer in FORTRAN.

Tabla 6.1.1.- Factores de Conversin de Flujo de

Rayos Gamma a Rapidez de Dosis
Coeficientes Polinomiales en Forma Analtica
ln D(E) = A + Bx + Cx2 + Fx3
D(E) = (rem/h)(cm2-s), E = Energa del Fotn en MeV y x = ln E
(After Unger and Trubey ORNL/RSIC-45 1981)
Energa

0.01 to 0.03

20.477

1.7454

0.03 to 0.5

13.626

0.57117

1.0954

0.24897

0.5 to 5.0

13.133

0.72008

0.033603

5.0 to 15.0

12.791

0.28309

0.10873

TABLA 6.1.2 Constantes Especficas de Dosis Gamma a 1 Metro

Units: en (mSv/h)/MBq, en cm1
(After Unger and Trubey ORNL/RSIC-45 1981)

Nclido
7

T1/2

44.6d
78.8d
270.9d
70.8d
9.1h

1.789-4
5.205-4
4.087-5
1.659-4
2.637-8

0.705
0.643
39.800
1.008
528.9

Co
mCo
61
Co
56
Ni
57
Ni

5.3y
10.5m
1.6h
6.1d
1.5d

3.703-4
9.057-7
2.286-5
2.941-4
2.911-4

0.679
0.837
1.706
1.002
0.681

65

2.5h
3.4h
9.7m
12.7h
61.9d

8.038-5
1.536-4
1.910-4
3.566-5
2.363-5

0.655
1.499
1.680
1.615
13.011

9.3h
244.4d
55.6m
13.8h
9.4h

8.990-5
8.924-5
1.168-9
7.983-5
3.504-4

1.592
0.738
2.362
2.153
0.615

Nclido
59

Be
C
13
N
16
N
15
O

53.4d
20.5m
10.0
7.1s
2.0m

9.292-6
1.937-4
1.938-4
3.984-4
1.940-4

1.879
1.695
1.695
0.495
1.695

18

1.8h
2.6y
15.0h
9.5m
20.9h

1.879-4
3.620-4
5.237-4
1.449-4
2.375-4

1.695
0.854
0.525
0.869
0.763

7.2+5y
2.2m
2.6h
37.2m
1.8h

4.047-4
2.384-4
1.306-7
1.942-4
1.881-4

0.652
0.548
0.676
0.527
0.667

1.28+9y
12.4h
22.6h
162.7d
4.5d

2.208-5
3.869-5
1.811-4
8.072-12
1.581-4

0.619
0.604
1.545
823.3
0.686

8.7m
3.9h
83.8d
18.7s
3.4d

3.615-4
3.602-4
3.155-4
1.809-5
2.170-5

0.472
0.918
0.787
24.378
18.513

67

Ga
Ga
72
Ga
68
Ge
71
Ge

3.3d
1.1h
14.1h
288.d
11.8d

3.004-5
1.789-4
3.936-4
1.634-5
1.653-5

4.768
1.609
0.643
1345.
1345.

Sc
Sc
44
Ti
45
Ti
51
Ti

1.8d
57.4m
47.3y
3.1h
5.8m

5.117-4
1.407-7
3.909-5
1.653-4
7.130-5

0.728
0.556
28.726
1.688
2.109

77

11.3h
1.1d
80.3d
17.8d
1.1d

1.934-4
3.148-4
3.784-5
1.472-4
7.408-5

1.089
1.107
662.1
1.475
1.036

48

16.0d
3.7m
42.1m
27.7d
5.6d

4.598-4
2.057-4
2.029-4
6.320-6
5.430-4

0.770
0.626
1.765
3.833
0.773

77

1.6d
7.1h
119.8d
2.4d
17.4m

1.699-6
2.969-4
2.323-4
1.923-4
2.166-5

2.522
2.212
9.079
3.068
1.625

21.4m

3.903-4

0.797

4.4h

1.900-4

698.2

11

F
Na
24
Na
27
Mg
28
Mg
22

26

Al
Al
31
Si
38
Cl
41
Ar
28

40

K
K
43
K
45
Ca
47
Ca
42

49

Ca
44
Sc
46
Sc
46
mSc
47
Sc
48
49

V
V
49
Cr
51
Cr
52
Mn
52

52

T1/2

mMn

Fe
Co
57
Co
58
Co
58
mCo
56

60
60

Ni
Cu
62
Cu
64
Cu
67
Cu
61

62

Zn
Zn
69
Zn
68
mZn
66
Ga
65

68

Ge
As
73
As
74
As
76
As
72

As
Se
75
Se
77
Br
80
Br
73

80

mBr

54

Mn
Mn
57
Mn
52
Fe
56

312.7d
2.6h
1.5m
8.3h

1.382-4
2.496-4
3.031-5
1.413-4

0.932
0.661
1.692
1.857

82

Br
Br
84
Br
85
Br
83

1.5d
2.4h
31.8m
172. s

4.377-4
1.401-6
2.392-4
1.059-5

0.906
1.612
0.573
0.834

TABLA 6.1.2 Constantes Especficas de Dosis Gamma a 1 Metro

Units: en (mSv/h)/MBq, en cm1
(After Unger and Trubey ORNL/RSIC-45 1981)

Nuclide
79

Kr
Kr
83
mKr
85
Kr
85
mKr

Half-Life

1.5d
2.1+5y
1.8h
10.7y
4.5h

1.631-4
1.172-4
3.209-5
4.232-7
4.328-5

3.139
795.2
801.4
1.681
9.045

Kr
Kr
89
Kr
90
Kr
81
Rb

1.3h
2.8h
3.2m
32.3s
4.4h

1.1699-4
2.769-4
2.626-4
2.073-4
2.264-4

0.627
0.556
0.622
0.733
2.452

82

Rb
Rb
84
Rb
86
Rb
88
Rb

1.2m
32.9d
32.9d
18.7d
17.8m

2.104-4
2.326-4
2.326-4
1.458-5
8.701-5

1.572
1.176
1.176
0.747
0.571

89

15.4m
157. s
258.0s
25.0d
64.8d

2.960-4
2.548-4
4.429-4
1.065-4
2.052-4

0.630
0.518
0.585
842.8
2.244

1.1h
2.8h
50.6d
9.5h
2.7h

6.004-5
8.010-5
2.205-8
1.118-4
1.946-4

8.972
2.872
0.858
0.865
0.651

7.3m
14.7h
3.3d
106.6d
3.3h

3.665-4
6.292-4
1.861-4
4.819-4
1.316-4

0.780
0.782
2.486
0.661
2.213

58.5d
49.7m
3.5h
10.1h
16.6h

5.403-7
1.028-4
3.971-5
1.396-5
2.383-4

0.697
1.527
0.784
0.696
11.219

83.4d
3.3d

1.710-4
2.662-4

3.559
1.046

81

87
88

83

Rb
90
Rb
90
mRb
82
Sr
85
Sr
85

mSr
mSr
89
Sr
91
Sr
92
Sr

87

93

Sr
Y
87
Y
88
Y
90
mY
86

91

Y
91
mY
92
Y
93
Y
86
Zr
88

Zr
Zr

89

Nuclide
91

Nb
mNb
92
Nb
92
mNb
93
mNb
91

94

Nb
mNb
95
Nb
95
mNb
96
Nb
94

97

Nb
mNb
91
Mo
93
Mo
99
Mo

97

101

Mo
Tc
95
mTc
96
Tc
96
mTc
95

97

Tc
mTc
98
Tc
99
Tc
99
mTc
97

101

Tc
Ru
103
Ru
105
Ru
103
mRh
97

105

Rh
mRh
106
Rh
103
Pd
109
Pd

105

106

mAg
Ag

108

Half-Life

1.0+4y
61. d
3.6+7y
10.1d
14.6y

8.832-5
7.160-5
3.414-4
2.413-4
1.421-5

1330
3.692
1.097
0.977
1292

2.0+4y
6.3m
35.1d
3.6d
23.3h

2.648-4
5,481-5
1.298-4
6.390-5
4.120-4

0.983
1180
1.023
16.959
0.926

1.2h
60. s
15.5m
3500. y
2.8d

1.175-4
1.262-4
1.898-4
7.963-5
3.0522-5

1.203
1.063
1.660
1292
1.165

14.6m
20.0h
61. d
4.3d
51.5m

2.391-4
2.092-4
1.939-4
4.899-4
4.430-5

0.736
1.179
1.407
0.994
2.427

2.6+6y
61. d
4.2+6y
2.1+5y
6.0h

7.596-5
1.939-4
2.430-4
1.242-10
3.317-5

1176
1060
1.130
21.144
27.731

14.2m
2.9d
39.4d
4.4h
56.1m

6.916-5
1.194-4
8.970-5
1.397-4
6.912-6

2.913
10.310
1.724
1.202
864

1.5d
45. s
29,9s
17.0d
13.5h

1.588-5
4.251-5
3.734-5
6.219-5
1.310-7

3.949
98.965
1.26
871.6
1.706

8.5d
2.4m

5.237-4
4.399-6

0.946
1.545

95

Zr
Zr
90
Nb
97

64.0d
16.9h
14.6h

1.258-4
2.922-5
6.597-4

1.059
0.803
0.627

108

mAg
mAg
110
Ag

109

127. y
39.6s
24.6s

3.436-4
2.722-5
5.558-6

1.392
548.6
1.210

TABLA 6.1.2 Constantes Especficas de Dosis Gamma a 1 Metro

Units: en (mSv/h)/MBq, en cm1
(After Unger and Trubey ORNL/RSIC-45 1981)

Nuclide
110

mAg
Ag
109
Cd
111
mcd
115
Cd

Half-Life

Half-Life

mTe
Te
133
Te
133
mTe
134
Te

30. h
3.3d
12.4m
55.4m
41.8m

2.452-4
7.549-5
1.584-4
3.689-4
1.731-4

0.895
10.115
0.898
0.851
1.365

Nuclide
131

249.9d
7.5d
464. d
48.7m
2.2d

4.466-4
5.329-6
4.983-5
8.463.5
4.068-5

0.876
3.440
683.6
8.502
1.711

44.6d
2.5h
3.4h
2.8d
1.7h

3.433-6
1.740-4
2.935-4
1.356-4
6.567-5

0.778
0.733
0.619
10.321
2.858

1221
1231
1241
1251
1261

3.6m
13.1h
4.2d
60.1d
12.9d

1.901-4
7.478-5
2.050-4
7.432-5
1.055-4

1.555
19.341
0.968
373.1
1.452

In
mIn
115
Min
116
mIn
117
In

1.2m
19.5d
4.4h
54.1m
43.8m

6.223-6
4.074-5
5.329-5
3.660-4
1.359-4

1.358
2.318
4.220
0.674
1.682

1281
1291
1301
1311
1321

25.0m
1.6+7y
12.4h
8.0d
2.3h

1.616-5
3.401-5
3.791-4
7.647-5
3.858-4

1.988
287.0
1.187
2.409
0.972

117

1.9h
115.1d
13.6d
293.0d
129.2d

3.060-5
4.844-5
6.796-5
2.789-5
1.062-6

5.608
462.8
26.595
517.0
0.744

1331
1341
1351
1361
122
Xe

20.8h
52.6m
6.6h
83. s
20.1

1.105-4
4.251-4
2.327-4
3.417-5
4.867-5

1.321
0.845
0.664
0.579
7.257

Sn
Sn
117
Sb
122
Sb
124
Sb

9.6d
1.0+5y
2.8h
2.7d
60.2d

4.674-5
3.408-5
8.219-5
8.223-5
2.883-4

0.735
31.647
14.115
1.400
0.714

123

2.1h
16.8h
36.4d
8.9d
11.8d

1.414-4
9.622-5
9.331-5
6.165-5
2.533-5

1.147
4.757
7.526
235.8
263.7

125

2.8y
12.4d
19.0m
3.9d
4.4h

1.028-4
4.860-4
2.824-4
1.200-4
2.315-4

1.764
1.172
1.266
1.255
0.840

5.2d
2.2d
9.1h
15.4m
3.8m

2.783-5
3.034-5
5.121-5
8.651-5
3.346-5

39.877
19.750
5.015
1.668
1.247

16.8d
154. d
1.9+13y
119.7d
58. d

1.455-4
6.703-5
2.687-5
5.261-5
6.168-5

1.683
5.779
429.8
24.041
368.9

14.1m
1.6m
1.3d
9.7d
6.5d

1.679-4
2.166-4
9.725-5
3.363-5
1.556-4

0.611
1.581
3.213
310.3
1.295

9.4h
109. d

9.428-7
1.977-5

2.419
373.5

2.1y
2.9h

2701-4
1.904-5

1.095
75.989

111

115

mCd
Cd
117
mCd
111
In
113
mIn
117

114

114

mIn
Sn
117
mSn
119
mSn
123
Sn
113

125
126

Sb
Sb
126
mSb
127
Sb
129
Sb
126

121

Te
121
mTe
123
Te
123
mTe
125
mTe
127

Te
mTe

127

132

Xe
Xe
127
Xe
129
mXe
131
mXe
125

133

Xe
mXe
135
Xe
135
mXe
137
Xe
133

138

Xe
Cs
129
Cs
131
Cs
132
Cs
126

134

Cs
mCs

134

129

Te
mTe
131
Te

129

1.2h
33.5d
25.0m

1.833-5
1.997-5
8.073-5

2.063
2.000
1.203

136

Cs
Cs
138
Cs
137

13.2d
30.17y
32.2m

3.632-4
0.872
= 1.032 x 10-4 del 137mBa
3.422-4
0.634

TABLA 6.1.2 Constantes Especficas de Dosis Gamma a 1 Metro

Units: en (mSv/h)/MBq, en cm1
(After Unger and Trubey ORNL/RSIC-45 1981)

Nuclide
139

Half-Life

Half-Life

9.7m
150. y
72.3d
7.8m
8.1h

8.341-5
2.426-6
1.788-4
1.924-4
8.357-5

2.282
114.4
0.834
1.018
4.052

2.3h
3.4d
1.1d
1200.0y
9.4d

6.193-6
1.550-5
6.270-6
2.870-4
3.406-10

1.817
23.196
0.879
1.14
46.16

Er
Tm
171
Tm
169
Yb
175
Yb

7.5h
128.6d
1.9y
32.0d
4.2d

8.010-5
1.673-6
2.597-7
8.837-5
8.233-6

3.957
29.074
60.086
13.301
2.998

177

6.7d
160.1d
42.4d
114.7d
120.0D

7.636-6
2.112-4
1.061-4
2.086-4
1.389-5

10.935
3.983
2.078
0.751
52.038

75.1d
23.8h
69.4d
2.7d
12.7h

5.465-9
8.886-5
3.615-7
3.078-4
1.994-4

33.602
1.353
5.327
0.853
0.761

70. d
38.0d
169. d
3.8d
17.0h

4.257-5
1.573-4
7.678-5
4.909-6
1.094-5

17.021
0.963
1.211
28.571
1.324

93.6d
9.9m
15.4d
13.0h
1.2d

1.310-4
3.018-4
1.837-5
1.449-6
1.414-5

1-219
1.684
34.767
40.828
2.45

11.8d
1.2h

2.681-4
6.120-11

1.580
456.7

Nuclide

Cs
Ba
133
Ba
133
mBa
135
mBa

9.4m
11.8d
10.5y
1.6d
1.2d

4,260-5
1.244-4
1.231-4
3.372-5
2.974-5

0.596
2.239
4.188
8.792
9.494

162

137

mBa
Ba
140
Ba
141
Ba
142
Ba

2.6m
1.4h
12.8d
18.3m
10.7m

1.081-4
7.717-6
4.446-5
1.562-4
1.537-4

1.224
2.807
1.889
0.981
0.841

165

141

La
La
139
Ce
141
Ce
143
Ce

3.9h
1.6h
137.7d
32.5d
1.4d

6.112-6
3.656-4
5.554-5
1.979-5
6.893-5

0.633
0.558
23.320
26.056
2.109

144

284.3d
19.1h
13.6d
17.3m
7.2M

6.302-6
8.106-6
1.524-12
4.600-6
9.933-6

35.806
0.591
1.061
0.619
184.2

11.0d
1.7h
265. d
363. d
17.7y

3.769-5
8.112-5
7.216-5
2.958-4
2.418-5

2.234
2,200
1.222
1.299
152.1

2020. d
2.6d
5.4d
41.3d
2.2d

1.462-4
7.232-10
8.937-5
3.567-4
2.317-6

1.316
36.526
0.741
1.210
2.479

1.2d
90. y
1.9d
13.6y
9.3h

7.086-5
2.442-8
2.440-5
2.012-4
5.746-5

1.966
776.6
69.799
0.831
0.911

8.8y
5.0y

2.042-4
1.804-5

0.802
28,563

131

139

142

Ce
142
Pr
143
Pr
144
Pr
144
mPr
147

Nd
Nd
143
Pm
144
Pm
145
Pm
149

146

Pm
Pm
148
Pm
148
mPm
149
Pm
147

151

Pm
151
Sm
153
Sm
152
Eu
152
mEu
154

Eu
Eu

155

Gd
Tb
160
Tb
162
Tb
157
Dy
157

Dy
Dy
166
Ho
166
mho
169
Er
166

171

170

Lu
mLu
181
Hf
182
Ta
181
w

177

185

W
W
188
W
182
Re
182
mRe
187

183

Re
Re
184
mRe
186
Re
188
Re
184

185

Os
mOs
191
Os
191
mOs
193
Os
190

190

Ir
mIr

190

156

Eu
Gd
159
Gd
153

15.2d
241.6d
18.6h

1.992-4
4.659-5
1.059-5

0.647
79.273
3.622

190

mIr
Ir
193
mIr
192

3.2h
74.0d
11.9d

1.499-5
1.599-4
1.017-7

40.962
2.331
37.618

TABLA 6.1.2 Constantes Especficas de Dosis Gamma a 1 Metro

Units: en (mSv/h)/MBq, en cm1
(After Unger and Trubey ORNL/RSIC-45 1981)

Nuclide
194

Ir
mIr
191
Pt
193
mPt
195
mpt

Half-Life

Half-Life

Po
Po
214
Po
215
Po
216
Po

0.5s
4.2-6s
1.6-4s
1.8-3s
0.1s

1.328-6
5.146-9
1.398-8
2861-8
2.424-9

1.016
1.002
0.975
2.152
0.965

211

Nuclide
211

19.1h
171.d
2.7d
4.3d
4.0d

1.673-5
4.372-4
6.588-5
4.649-6
2.029-5

1.248
1.587
2.483
40.629
36.632

18.3h
1.6h
1.6d
183. d
30.6s

5.657-6
1.931-5
1.784-4
2.363-5
4.132-5

17.673
4.581
0.753
36.236
6.174

At
At
218
Rn
219
Rn
220
Rn

7.2h
0.032s
0.035s
4.0s
55.6s

6.120-5
4.331-8
1.367-7
1.419-5
9.723-6

61.088
1.378
1.337
3.555
1.534

6.2d
2.7d
3.1d
2.7d
23.8

9.922-5
7.882-5
1.866-5
1.874-5
2..059-5

3.261
2.317
16.121
29.898
14.537

222

3.8d
4.8m
21.8m
38.0s
11.4d

7.390-8
1.193-5
8.930-5
2.115-6
8.789-5

1.690
11.522
67.566
3.912
10.794

Hg
200
Tl
201
Tl
202
Tl
204
Tl

46.d
1.1d
3.0d
12.2d
3.8y

6.841-5
2.253-4
2.372-5
9.438-5
3.014-7

6.007
0.886
26.211
2.272
30.056

224

Ra
Ra
226
Ra
225
Ac
227
Ac

3.6d
14.8d
1600.0y
10.0d
21.8y

2.967-6
4.164-5
3-274-6
5.172-5
2.364-6

8.124
304.4
18.693
472.6
690.1

207

4.8m
3.1m
2.2m
1.3m
2.2d

3.524-7
4.605-4
3.496-4
4.601-4
1.828-4

0.870
0.554
0.705
0.736
9.722

228

Ac
Th
227
Th
228
Th
229T
h

6.1h
30.9m
18.7d
1.9y
7340.0y

2.281-4
1.818-5
1.145-4
2.142-5
1.989-4

0.985
138.9
14.730
731.9
103.7

mPb
Pb
210
Pb
211
Pb
212
Pb

1.1h
1.5+7y
22.3y
36.1m
10.6h

3.650-4
6.789-5
6.801-5
9.836-6
7.389-5

0.946
1345.
1098.
1.211
11.112

230

7.7+4d
1.1d
1.4+10y
22.3m
24.1d

1.861-5
1.473-4
1.848-5
2.587-5
2.038-5

815.2
679.1
828.7
3.684
148.5

214

Pb
206
Bi
207
Bi
208
Bi
211
Bi

26.8m
6.2d
33.4y
3.7+5y
2.1m

8.742-5
6.820-4
3.603-4
4.110-4
1.274-5

4.027
0.945
1.015
0.532
3.617

230

17.4d
3.3+4d
27.0d
6.7g
1.2m

2.387-4
1.011-4
1.335-4
5.356-4
2.776-6

1.322
131.7
7.024
1.107
0.978

212

1.0h
45.6m

5.264-5
3.140-5

1.042
2.094

20.8d
4.2d

2.463-5
2.120-4

683.5
293.4

194

197

Pt
mPt
194
Au
195
Au
195
mAu
197

196

Au
Au
199
Au
197
Hg
197
mHg
198

203

Tl
Tl
209
Tl
210
Tl
203
Pb
208

204

205

Bi
Bi

213

213

217

Rn
Fr
223
Fr
222
Ra
223
Ra
221

225

226

Th
Th
232
Th
233
Th
234
Th
231

Pa
Pa
233
Pa
234
Pa
234
mPa
231

230

U
U

231

214

Bi
Po
210
Po
209

19.9m
102.0y
138. d

2.268-4
9.811-7
1.424-9

0.672
1.288
0.967

232

U
U
234
U
233

72.0y
1.59+5y
2.44+5y

2.403-5
7.866-6
2.097-5

716.7
705.0
720.7

TABLA 6.1.2 Constantes Especficas de Dosis Gamma a 1 Metro

Units: en (mSv/h)/MBq, en cm1
(After Unger and Trubey ORNL/RSIC-45 1981)

Nuclide
235

Half-Life

Nuclide

Half-Life

U
U
237
U
238
U
239
U

7.04+8y
2.34+7
6.7d
4.47+9y
23.4m

9.159-5
1.992-5
1.589-4
1.763-5
3.630-5

22.675
722.4
54.239
722.5
23.988

246

Am
Cm
243
Cm
244
Cm
245
Cm

25.0m
163.2d
28.5y
18.1y
8500.0y

2.149-5
1.949-5
1.286-4
1.741-5
1.229-4

0.899
1054.0
23.268
1054.
140

240

14.1h
1.1y
1.15+5y
22.5h
2.1+6y

7.686-5
6.979-5
2.833-4
6.390-5
1.251-4

921.3
840.5
161.6
69.674
512.0

246

4750.0y
1.6+7y
3.4+5y
1.1h
3.2h

1.551-5
7.217-5
1.227-5
4.007-6
1.834-4

1054
2.675
1054.
1.478
0.862

2.1d
2.4d
65. m
7.4m
2.9y

1.497-4
1.386-4
3.826-4
1.144-4
2.405-5

0.965
19.449
1.342
1.489
863.6

248

Cf
Cf
250
Cf
251
Cf
252
Cf

333.5d
350.6y
13.1y
900.0y
2.6y

1.229-5
1.119-4
1.212-5
1.162-4
1.131-5

1271.
3.459
1269.
43.96
1269

45.3d
87.8y
2.41+4y
6569. y
3.76+5y

1.039-4
2.135-5
8.145-6
2.030-5
1.684-5

212.7
864.8
860.3
864.4
864.4

253

17.8d
60.5d
20.5d
275.7d
1.6d

2.080-7
1.311-11
6.921-6
1.490-4
1.519-4

1272
122.5
1196
1229
1.404

5.0h
8.3+7y
10.6h
10.9d
432.2

2.509-5
1.462-5
1.046-4
2.727-5
8.479-5

35.548
865.1
1.432
10.771
260.7

39.8d
3.2h
20.1h

8.529-7
1.121-5
8.721-5

1263
1375
1334

16.0h
152.0y
7380.0y
10.1h
2.0h

5.476-5
4.950-5
8.456-5
3.168-4
2.341-5

720.7
1132.
71.213
1.420
17.710

236

U
Np
236
Np
236
mNp
237
Np
235

238

Np
Np
240
Np
240
mNp
236
Pu
239

237

Pu
238
Pu
239
Pu
240
Pu
242
Pu
243

Pu
Pu
245
Pu
246
Pu
241
Am
244

242

Am
mAm
243
Am
244
Am
245
Am

242

242

Cm
Cm
248
Cm
249
Cm
250
Bk
247

249

Cf
Cf
253
Es
254
Es
254
mEs
254

255

Es
Fm
255
Fm
254

Tabla 6.2.- Espesor de plomo necesario para reducir el haz til

al 5%
(Cortesa del ICRP-33, 1982)

Rayos X

CHR (cm)

Plomo requeridoa
(cm)

50 kV
70 kV
100 kV
125 kV
150 kV
200 kV
250 kV
300 kV
2 MV
4 MV
6 MV
8 MV
10 MV
15 MV
20 MV
25 MV
30 MV
40 MV
50 MV

0.005
0.010
0.025
0.027
0.029
0.042
0.086
0.170
1.150
1.480
1.540
1.620
1.690
1.660
1.630
1.600
1.570
1.500
1.430

0.02
0.04
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.18
0.37
0.73
4.97
6.40
6.66
7.00
7.31
7.18
7.05
6.92
6.79
6.48
6.18

1.20
0.65

5.19

60

Radionclid
o
a

Fuente

Co
Cs

137

2.81

Valores aproximados para haz ancho calculados a partir

hemirreductoras obtenidas o derivadas de datos del ICRP33, 1982.

de

capas

Tabla 6.3.- Capas Hemirreductoras y Decirreductoras para Fuentes

emisoras Gamma
Radioncli
do

Cesio-137

Nmer
o
atmic
o

Vida
media

55

27 a

Energa
gamma
(MeV)

0.66164

Capa Hemirreductora
(cm)
Concret
o

Acero

Plomo

4.8

1.6

0.65

Capa Decirreductora
(cm)
Concret Acero Plomo
o
15.7

5.3

2.1

Cobalto-60

27

5.3 a

1.17,
1.33

6.2

2.1

1.20

20.6

6.9

4.0

Oro-198

79

2.7 d

0.41

4.1

--

0.33

13.5

--

1.1

Iridio-192

77

74 d

0.13 a
1.06

4.3

1.3

0.60

14.7

4.3

2.0

Radio-226

88

1622 a

0.047 a
2.4

6.9

2.2

1.66

23.4

7.4

5.5