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APPLICATION:
Applies to all ships to which SOLAS 1974 applies: All Passenger Ships; All Cargo Ships > 300 GT
Does not apply when ships are navigating in the Great Lakes of North America & their connecting
waters up to lower exit of St Lambert Lock at Montreal in Quebec, Canada
2.
Continuous Watch: the radio watch concerned shall not be interrupted other than for brief intervals
when the ships receiving capability is impaired or blocked by its own communications or when the
facilities are under periodical maintenance or checks.
Digital Selective Calling (DSC): a technique using digital codes which enables a radio station to
establish contact with, and transfer information to, another station or group of stations, and complying
with relevant recommendations of the International Radio Consultative Committee.
Locating: the finding of ships, aircraft, units or persons in distress.
Maritime Safety Information (MSI): navigational and meteorological warnings, meteorological
forecasts and other urgent safety related messages broadcast to ships.
Polar Orbiting Satellite Service: a service which is based on polar orbiting satellites which receive and
relay distress alerts from satellite EPIRBs and which provides their position.
Sea Area A1: an area within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast station in which
continuous DSC alerting is available. (Coverage 20 ~ 50 miles from the Coast Station)
Sea Area A2: an area, excluding sea area A1, within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one MF
coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is available. (Coverage 50 ~ 250 miles offshore)
Sea Area A3: an area, excluding sea areas A1 and A2, within the coverage of an Inmarsat geostationary
satellite in which continuous alerting is available. (Area lies between parallels of 70o N and 70o S)
Sea Area A4: an area outside sea areas A1, A2 and A3. (Polar Regions - Area N and S of 70o Latitude)
GMDSS: maritime mobile services identity, the ships call sign, Inmarsat identities and serial number
identity which may be transmitted by the ships equipment and used to identify the ship.
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3.
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FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:
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RADIO INSTALLATIONS:
Every ship must be provided with radio installations capable of complying with the functional
requirements (Reg 4), thruout its intended voyage, for the Sea Area(s) thru which it will pass during the
intended voyage
Every Radio Installation shall be so:
1) located that no harmful interference of mechanical/ electrical/ other origin affects its proper use;
ensures electromagnetic compatibility and avoidance of harmful interaction with other equipment
and systems;
2) located as to ensure the greatest possible degree of safety and operational availability;
3) protected against harmful effects of water, extremes of temperature & adverse environmental
conditions
4) provided with reliable, permanently arranged electrical lighting, independent of main and
emergency sources of electrical power, for adequate illumination of radio controls for operating
radio installation;
5) Clearly marked with call sign, ship station identity & other applicable codes for use of radio
installation.
Control of the VHF radiotelephone channels, required for navigational safety, shall be available on the
navigation bridge convenient to the conning position and to permit radio communications from the
wings of the navigation bridge. Portable VHF equipment may be used to meet the latter provision.
In passenger ships, a distress panel installed at the conning position shall contain either one single
button which, when pressed, initiates a distress alert using all radio communication installations
required on board for that purpose or one button for each individual installation. The panel shall clearly
and visually indicate whenever any button(s) have been pressed. Means shall be provided to prevent
inadvertent activation of the button(s). The panel shall provide visual & aural indication of any distress
alert(s) received on board and thru which radio communication service the distress alerts have been
received.
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In Passenger Ships, info on the ships position shall be continuously and automatically provided to all
relevant radio communication equipment to be included in the initial distress alert when button(s) on the
distress panel is pressed.
Specified Drawings (Plans of Radio Installation) should include:
a) Antenna Drawing;
b) Radio Arrangement Drawing (Lay-out of Bridge & Communication Room);
c) Wiring Diagram
5.
RADIO EQUIPMENT:
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(each side of all Pass Ships; Cargo > 500 GT)- Ch III: Reg. 6)
7) Hand-held GMDSS VHF transceivers (at least 3 nos all Pass Ships; Cargo > 500 GT)
(at least 2 nos Cargo > 300 GT < 500 GT)
8) Automatic Updating of Position to all relevant Radio Communication Equipment;
SEA AREA A2: In addition to above:
9) MF with DSC and radiotelephony
10) DSC watch receiver MF 2187.5 kHz
SEA AREA A3: In addition to above:
11) Inmarsat Ship-Earth station with EGC receiver; (for Inmarsat Solution)
12) Duplicated Inmarsat SES;
13) Duplicated VHF with DSC;
14) MF/HF telephony with DSC and NBDP; (for HF Solution instead of MF for Sea Area A2 above)
15) DSC watch receiver for MF/HF;
WATCHES:
Every ship, while at sea, shall maintain a continuous watch, for the Sea Area in which the ship is sailing:
1) VHF DSC channel 70, if ship is fitted with VHF Radio installation;
2) MF DSC Distress & safety frequency 2187.5 kHz, if ship is fitted with MF Radio installation;
3) DSC Distress & safety frequency 2187.5 kHz & 8414.5 kHz and also on at least one of 4207.5 kHz,
6312 kHz, 12577 kHz or 16804.5 kHz, appropriate to the time of the day & geographical location of
the ship, if ship is fitted with MF/HF Radio installation; (watch kept by means of scanning receiver)
4) For satellite shore-to-Ship distress alerts, if ship is fitted with an Inmarsat ship earth station.
5) SOLAS vessels watch on VHF Ch 13 for communications related to safety of navigation.
6) For MSI broadcasts, for sea area in which the ship is sailing:
I. NAVTEX (518 kHz)
II. Inmarsat-C (or EGC Safety Net)
III. HF MSI
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8.
RADIO PERSONNEL:
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1) Every ship shall carry personnel qualified for distress and safety radio communication purposes to
the satisfaction of the Administration. The personnel shall be holders of certificates specified in the
Radio Regulations as appropriate, any one of whom shall be designated to have primary
responsibility for radio communications during incidents.
2) In passenger ships, at least one person qualified in accordance with paragraph 1 shall be assigned to
perform only radio communication duties during incidents.
9.
RADIO RECORDS:
A record shall be kept of all incidents connected with the radio communication service which appear to
be of importance to safety of life at sea.
10.
EMERGENCY SOURCE OF ELECTRICAL POWER Pass & Cargo Ships: (Ch II-1: Reg. 42-43)
1) Self contained Emergency source of electrical supply;
2) Located above uppermost continuous deck; readily accessible from open deck; not located fwd of
Collision Bulkhead;
3) Location to ensure that a fire or other casualty in spaces containing main source of electrical power,
will not interfere with the supply, control and distribution of emergency electrical power.
4) The electrical power available - sufficient to supply for all services essential for safety in an
emergency.
5) Emergency source of electrical supply Generator or Accumulator Battery
6) Emergency Lighting for period of 36 hours (Pass Ships) & 18 hours (Cargo Ships).
7) For ships regularly engaged on voyages of short duration, not < 12 hours (Pass & Cargo Ships).
11.
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VHF DSC
a. Switch off transmitter immediately;
b. Switch equipment on and set to Ch. 16;
c. Make broadcast to All Station giving ships name, call sign & DSC number;
cancel the false alert.
MF DSC
HF DSC
Alert must be cancelled on all the frequency bands on which it was transmitted.
(2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 MHz)
b. Switch equipment on and tune for radiotelephony transmission;
SAT C
Notify the appropriate RCC to cancel the alert by sending a distress priority message via
the same CES through which the false distress alert was sent.
EPIRBs
If for any reason an EPIRB is activated accidentally, the ship should contact the nearest
coast station or an appropriate CES or RCC and cancel the distress alert.
General
6.1
Ships may use any means available to them to inform the appropriate authorities that a false
distress alert has been transmitted and should be cancelled.
6.2
No action will normally be taken against any ship or mariner for reporting and canceling a false
distress alert. However, in view of the serious consequences of false distress alerts, and the strict
ban on their transmission, governments may prosecute in case of repeated violations.
The following points should be clearly indicated on the exterior of the equipment:
EPIRB:
I. brief operating instructions;
II. expiry date for the primary battery used; and
III. The identity code programmed into the transmitter.
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SART:
I. brief operating and test instructions; and
II. Expiry date for the primary battery used.
TWO-WAY VHF RADIOTELEPHONE:
I. brief operating instructions; and
II. Expiry date for the primary batteries.
14.
Appendix 1: Basic principles for establishing HF DSC coast stations for sea areas A3 & A4.
The selection of HF DSC coast stations for sea areas A3 & A4 should be based on following principles:
I. each ocean area requiring HF guard should have a minimum of two stations to provide the required
HF cover;
II. stations be selected on opposite sides of an ocean area;
III. In ocean areas in high traffic density, e.g. the North Atlantic, more two stations should be provided.
Appendix 2: Basic principles for establishing sea area A2
The selection of MF DSC coast stations for sea area A2 should be based on the following principles:
I. a continuous MF guard on the distress frequencies and sufficient number of coast stations to provide
MF coverage in the coastal area of Government concerned;
II. In certain areas, several Governments may collectively provide complete coverage. (e.g. North Sea)
Appendix 3:
The selection of MF DSC coast stations for sea area A1 should be based on the following principles
I. a continuous VHF guard and the minimum number of stations necessary to provide VHF coverage
in the coastal area of Government concerned, and
II. In certain areas, several Governments may collectively provide complete coverage along their coasts
ITU-R M.541-9
Annex 5
The frequencies used for distress, urgency, and safety purposes using DSC are as following:
2187.5 kHz
4207.5 kHz
6312 kHz
8414.5 kHz
12577 kHz
(Note-156.525 may also be used for DSC purposes other than distress, urgency, and safety.)
15. NAVIGATIONAL WARNINGS for the World-Wide Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS):
General:
1) Navigational warnings are issued in response to SOLAS regulation V/4 and carry information which
may have a direct bearing on the safety of life at sea. It is the fundamental nature of navigational
warning that they are often based on incomplete or unconfirmed information and mariners need to
consider this when deciding what reliance to place on the information contained therein.
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2) There are four types of navigational warnings: NAVAREA warnings, Sub-Area warning, Coastal
warnings & local warning. The WWNWS guidance and coordination are involved with only three of
them: NAVAREA warnings, Sub-Area warning and Coastal warnings.
3) Navigational warnings shall remain in force until cancelled by the originating coordinator.
Navigational warnings should be broadcast for as long as the information is valid.
4) The minimum information in a navigational warning which a mariner requires is hazard & position.
5) If known, the duration of the event causing a navigational warning should be given in the text.
NAVAREA WARNINGS:
NAVAREA warnings are concerned with the information which ocean-going mariners require for their
safe navigation. This includes, in particular, new navigational hazards and failure of important aids to
navigation as well as information which may require changes to planned navigational routes.
SUB-AREA WARNINGS:
Sub-Area warnings broadcast information which is necessary for safe navigation within a Sub-Area.
They will normally include all subjects listed in NAVAREA, but will usually affect only the Sub-Area.
COASTAL WARNINGS:
Coastal warnings broadcast information which is necessary for safe navigation within areas seaward of
the fairway buoy or pilot station, and should not be restricted to main shipping lanes.
Where area is served by NAVTEX - provide navigational warnings for entire NAVAREA service area.
Where the area is not served by NAVTEX, it is necessary to include all warnings relevant to the coastal
waters up to 250 miles from the coast in the International Safety NET service broadcast.
Coastal warning should include at least the subject in NAVAREA.
LOCAL WARNINGS:
Local warning broadcast information which cover inshore waters, often within the limits of jurisdiction
of a harbour or port authority. They are broadcast by means other than NAVTEX or Safety NET, and
supplement coastal warnings by giving detailed information within inshore waters.
NAVTEX MESSAGE SERIES IDENTIFIER
The first words of the text of every warning message shall always be message series identifier followed
by the consecutive number (N/YY).
NAVTEX Message Format:
ZCZC
B1 B2 B3 B4
(B1-transmitter identity)
(B2-subject dedicator)
(B3B4-Consecutive number)
(Time of origin)
Series identity + Consecutive Number
Message text
NNNN (End of message)
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MMSI NUMBERS: 9-digit unique number; first 3 digits MID (Maritime Identification Digits) which identify
the country licensing / controlling the station; SOLAS vessels are allocated MMSI number with 3 trailing zeros.
Ship Stations:
Group of Ships:
023201143
Coast Station:
002320018
Inmarsat C
Inmarsat Mini-M
Digit code
42
Navigational Hazards & Warnings (wrecks, derelicts, floating obstructions, icebergs, etc)
Digit code
43
ON-SCENE SAR COMMUNICATIONS: communications between the vessel in distress and assisting vessels,
and between SAR vessels and the On-Scene Coordinator; usually short-range communications made on VHF or
MF distress and safety frequencies in the GMDSS.
ON-SCENE COMMUNICATION FREQUENCIES FOR RADIOTELEPHONE:
VHF (F3E)
Ch 06 (ship-ship, ship-aircraft)
VHF (A3E)
MF (J3E)
2182 kHz
HF (J3E)
(ship-aircraft)
broadcast to coastal waters; standards & procedures as per the NAVTEX Manual;
Meteorological Warnings
Meteorological Forecasts
SAR Information
Ice Reports
2) Meteorological and NAVAREA warnings & Meteorological forecasts to ships within specified
NAVAREAs / METAREAs;
3) SAR Co-ordination to ships within specified circular or rectangular areas;
4) Urgency messages, meteorological and Navigational Warnings to ships within specified circular areas;
5) Shore-to-Ship distress alerts to ships within specified circular areas;
6) Urgency messages and Navigational Warnings to ships within specified rectangular areas;
7) Other safety related info (Tsunami warnings, piracy warnings)
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1) How many number of GOC holders are required on cargo and passenger vessels?
As per STCW95 (GMDSS) from 01.Feb.2002 - Mandatory for all Seafarers performing Navigational
duties at Operational & Management levels (Masters and Officers) and any other person(s) performing
radio-communication duties need to hold a GMDSS Certificate.
Cargo Ships
Passenger Ships
At least one qualified person dedicated solely for the performance of radio
communication duties in case of incidents
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6)
Q) What is a Mayday?
(a) A distress signal
(Q) What is a Pan or Pan-Pan?
(a) An Urgency Signal
(Q) What is a Pan-Pan Medico?
(a) A person seeking medical information or aid
(Q) What is a security message?
(a) A Navigation Warning (alerting other ships about some danger to navigation) (including Ice-accretion that
has not been forecasted)
(Q) What does S.O.L.A.S. mean?
(a) Safety of Life at Sea
(Q) What does G.M.D.S.S. stand for?
(a) Global Maritime Distress Safety Systems
(Q) What does D.S.C. stand for?
(a) Digital Selective Calling
(Q) A vessel is sounding a continious sounding of the ships whistle, what's wrong with this vessel?
(a) This vessel is in Distress
Q23:
Q24:
PORT DUES
Tonnage charges
Pilotage and canal charges
Tug assistance
Berthing
Mooring gangs
Charges for opening and closing of #
Sweeping and cleaning
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Garbage removal
Fw supply
Delivery and receiving cargo
Port clearance
LIGHT DUES
Maintenance of light housed and nav marks
GROSS TONNAGE
Vessels internal space measured in units of 100
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