Professional Documents
Culture Documents
follaje perennifolio algunas especies germinan como epifitas, desarrollan luego largas races que
bajan hasta la tierra y finalmente estrangulan y matan al rbol anfitrin, de forma parecida a
los banianos, todos estos modelos comparten la misma caracterstica de realizar CAM.
Prosiguiendo con mi anlisis, el objeto de estudio el cual puede ser mltiple y diverso, este,
refleja perspectivas heterogneas de aproximacin al conocimiento y adems es fundamental en
el entendimiento de la realidad (Gutirrez, S., 2007), en los artculos analizados los de mayor
frecuencia son las hojas, races(Agarie et al., 2007, Agarie et al., 2009, Bader et al., 2009,
Cernusak et al., 2007, Ceusters et al., 2008, Ceusters et al., 2010, Cosentino et al., 2010, Fondom
et al., 2009, Freschi et al., 2010, Griffiths et al., 2007, Griffiths et al., 2008, Hernandez-Gonzalez
and Villarreal, 2007, Helliker, 2011, Holtum et al., 2007, Hong et al., 2008, Klavsen and
Maberly, 2009, Kupper et al., 2009, Theng et al., 2007, Koussevitzky et al., 2008, Lugan et al.,
2010, Maiquetia et al., 2009) y de menos frecuencia pero tambin importante el fruto de las
plantas con la cual se pudieron realizar estudios de diferentes tipos como secuencias de DNA y
RNA(Sunagawa et al., 2010, Sunagawa et al., 2007, Abat et al., 2008, Andrade-Souza et al.,
2009, Antony et al., 2008, Cushman et al., 2008, Guralnick et al., 2008, Ocampo and Columbus,
2010) para el estudio de la filogenia con un enfoque al tipo de fotosntesis desarrollada por las
plantas modelos que anteriormente fueron mencionadas, y las concentraciones gaseosas de
oxigeno y CO2 para delimitar el tipo de fotosntesis que realiza y en que intervalo de tiempo lo
hacen.
Dentro de la experimentacin realizada, para cada anlisis es de total control, desde la coleccin
de semillas, la germinacin, el cultivo de la planta y la extraccin y conservacin de las hojas y la
raz, de manera general la mayora de los autores utilizaron el medio de cultivo vegetal MS, MS0,
MS-Zero (Bradford, M.M., 1976) en el cual se cultivan clulas vegetales, las concentraciones de
nutrientes en el medio son variables al igual que el medio en el que se encuentra y las
condiciones en las que se somete, como la temperatura, la humedad, el fotoperiodo, las
concentraciones salinas para el sometimiento a estrs, los fertilizantes utilizados, ya que segn
sea el experimento, el objeto de estudio o la muestra sern los valores estimados que se les
designara o controlara para tomaran dichas variables.
MODELO
TAMA
OBJETO
O DE
DE
MUEST
ESTUDIO
RA
RESTRICCIN DE MUESTRA
CITA
Messembrya
nthemum
crystalinum
Messembrya
nthemum
crystalinum
DNA
DNA
Kalanchoe
pinnata
DNA
(Agarie et al.,
2007)
(Abat et al.,
2008)
DNA
(Agarie et al.,
2009)
Ananas
comosus
Tillandsia
flexuosa
Sw. y
Tillandsia
fasciculata
Sw.
DNAc
(Antony et al.,
2008)
(Bader et al.,
2009)
Dalbergia
retusa
Hemsl.,
Ficus
insipida
Willd.,
Pachira
quinata
(Jacq.) W.S.
Alberson,
Platymisciu
m pinnatum
(Jacq.)
Hoja de la
Dugand,
planta
Pseudobomb
ax
septenatum
(Jacq.)
Dugand,
Swietenia
macrophylla
King,
Tectona
grandis Linn.
F., y
Sacchrum
spontaneum
L.
No. de
plantas:
7
Dalbergi
a retusa,
6 Ficus
insipida,
8 Pachira
quinata,
8
Platymis
cium
pinnatum
,7
Pseudob
ombax
septenatu
m, 6
Swieteni
a
macroph
ylla, 4
Tectona
grandis,
y7
Sacchru
m
spontane
um.
Clusia
croatii,
Clusia
cupulata,
Clusia
Experimento en el Tropical Smithsonian
cylindrica,
del Instituto de Investigacin
Clusia
Experimental Santa Cruz Facilidad de
campo en Gamboa, Republica de
divaricata,
Panam 9 7 'N, 79 42' W 28m sobre
Clusia
el nivel del mar Materiales de la hoja y
fructiangusta
rama se recogieron para el anlisis
, Clusia
isotpico de materia seca en marzo de
liesneri,
2005, de las personas Clusia creciendo al
Clusia
aire libre individualmente en macetas de
lineata,
200 L bajo plena luz solar. Una segunda
Clusia
coleccin se hizo en febrero de 2006; en
longipetiolat
este momento, la hoja y ramita
a, Clusia
materiales se obtuvieron de individuos
minor,
Sin
de C. rosea, C. uvitana y pratensis Clusia (Cernusak et al.,
Clusia
Hoja de la
informac
creciente en el suelo en el mismo sitio,
odorata,
planta
2008)
in
Clusia
as como a partir de un individuo de
osaensis,
Miconia argntea creciente en el suelo
Clusia
junto a ellos. Estas plantas fueron
palmana,
creciendo aproximadamente 10-20 m de
Clusia
un bosque. Cinco hasta 10 hojas del
peninsulae,
dosel exterior y una seccin de la rama
de aproximadamente 1 cm de dimetro
Clusia
se obtuvieron de cada planta. Las
pratensis,
muestras fueron secadas en el horno
Clusia
quadrangula,
durante varios das a 70 C antes de ser
molido a un polvo fino para el anlisis
Clusia
rosea,Clusia
isotpico. Todas las plantas
stenophylla,
aproximadamente tuvieron 5 aos de
edad en el momento del muestreo.
Clusia
uvitana,
Clusia
valerioi M.
argentea
Aechmea
'maya'
Aechmea
'maya'
Hoja de la
planta
Hoja de la
planta
10
plantas
(Ceusters et al.,
2008)
10
plantas
(Ceusters et al.,
2010)
(Cosentino et al.,
2010)
Messembrya
Sin
Hoja de la
nthemum
informac
planta
crystalinum
in
Messembrya
nthemum
crystalinum
RNAm
Peperomia
obtusifolia
Sin
(A. Dietr.) y Hoja de la
informac
P.
planta
in
macrostachy
a (A. Dietr.)
(Fondom et al.,
2009)
Ananas
Sin
Hoja de la
comosus
informac
planta
'Cayena Lisa'
in
(Freschi et al.,
2010)
Sin
Opuntia
Hojas de la
informac
ficus-indica
planta
ion
(GomezCasanovas et al.,
2007)
(Griffiths et al.,
2007)
(Griffiths et al.,
2008)
G. bracteata,
coahuilensis
G.,
frutescens
G., y A.
vulcanensis
DNA
Tillandsia
usneoides
Neobuxbaum
ia tetetzo,
Pachycereus
weberi,
Ferocactus
semillas extradas de la fruta recolectada
recurvus,
en Venta Salada, en el Valle de
Stenocereus
Sin
(HernandezHoja de la
Tehuacan-Cuittlan Reserva de la
stellatus,
informac
Gonzalez and
planta
Biosfera en el estado de Puebla, Mxico
Escontria
ion
Villarreal, 2007)
(188160 N, 97890 W 1000m sobre el
chiotilla,
nivel del mar)
Myrtillocact
us
geometrizans
, Ferocactus
recurvus.
Zamioculcas
zamiifolia
Epipremnum
aureum,
Anthurium
michelii,
Platycerium
veitchii,
Agave
attenuata,
Cissus
rotundifolia,
Kalanchoe
pinnata,
Kalanchoe
daigremontia
na
(Holtum et al.,
2007)
Hoya
carnosa
(Hong et al.,
2008)
Crassula
helmsii
(Klavsen and
Maberly, 2009)
Crassula
helmsii
(Kupper et al.,
2009)
(Theng et al.,
2007)
Lugan 2010
(Malone et al.,
2007)
Ananas
comosus
(L.) Merr.;
Callisia
fragrans
(Lindl.)
Woods.;
Clusia rosea
Jacq.; Cissus
rotundifolia
(Forssk.)
Vahl; Hoya
carnosa (L.
f.) R. Br.;
Kalanchoe
daigremontia
na Hamet
and Perr.;
Peperomia
obtusifolia
(L.) A.
Dietr.; y
Vanilla
fragrans G.
Jackson.
(Nelson and
Sage, 2008)
Dudleya
saxosa
Grahamia
bracteata,
Talinopsis
frutescens,
Anredera
cordifolia, A.
ramosa,
Maihuenia
patagnica,
Opuntia
vestita,
Pereskia
aculeata, P.
grandifolia,
P.
lychnidiflora
, P.
quisqueyana,
P. sacharosa,
Quiabentia
verticillata,
Didierea
Madagascari
ensis,
Lewisia
rediviva,
Claytonia
parvifl ora,
Calyptridium
parryi,
Halophytum
Ameghinoi,
Portulacariaa
fra, D. trollii,
Montiopsis
andicola,
Parakeelya
pleiopetala,
Phemeranthu
s multifloru,
P. amilis, P.
bicolor, P.
californica P.
cryptopetala
P.
echinosperm
a , P. elatior ,
DNA
P.
guanajuatens
is, P.
howellii, P.
massaica , P.
molokiniensi
s, P. pilosa P.
quadrifi da ,
P.
umbraticola,
Lanceolata
P. villosa,
Talinaceae
:Talinum
arnottii, T.
caffrum, T.
fruticosum,
T. lineare, T.
paniculatum,
T.
polygaloides,
T.
tenuissimum,
Mirabilis
sangunea
(Nyctaginace
ae), Rivina
humi,
Sesuvium
portulacastru
m, Decarya
madagascari
ensis,
Ceraria
namaquensis
, Humbertii,
Alluaudia
ascendens,
Rhipsalis
baccifera.
Tillandsia
eistetteri,
Tillandsia
intermedia,
Tillandsia
rothii,
Tillandsia
makoyana
Nothofagus
nitida (Phil.)
Krasser
(Nothofagac
eae),
Podocarpus
nubigenus
Lindl.
(Podocarpac
eae),
Saxegothaea
conspicua
Lindl.
(Podocarpac
eae),
Eucryphia
cordifolia
Cav.
(Cunoniacea
e), and
Weinmannia
trichosperma
Cav.
Sin
Hojas de la
informac
(Cunoniacea
planta
ion
e) Drimys
winteri J. R.
Forst. & G.
Forst.,
Amomyrtus
luma
(Molina) D.
Legrand &
Kausel, A.
meli (Phil.)
D. Legrand
&
Kausel,
Tepualia
stipularis
(Hook. &
Arn.) Griseb.
(Myrtaceae),
and
Caldcluvia
paniculata
(Cav.) D.
Don.
(Salinas et al.,
2010)
Luzuriaga
polyphylla
(Hook.) J. F.
Macbr.
(Luzuriagace
ae),
Fascicularia
bicolor (Ruiz
& Pav.)
Mez
(Bromeliacea
e
P. amilis, P.
cryptopetala,
P.
grandiflora,
P. oleracea,
P. pilosa, P.
umbraticola,
P. cf.
bicolor, y S.
portulacastru
m
(Walter et al.,
2008)
(Wild et al.,
2010)
(Winter and
Holtum, 2007)
(Winter et al.,
2008)
(Winter et al.,
2009)
Opuntia
elatior
(Winter et al.,
2011)
Orqudeas
Hojas de la
planta
12
(Silvera et al.,
2009)
(Silvera et al.,
2010)
Opuntia
ficus-indica
Fruto
10
plantas
(Walker et al.,
2011)
Hylocereus
undatus and
Selenicereus
megalanthus
Raices
10
plantas
(Weiss et al.,
2010)
Plantago
martima,
Rhodiola
rosea, Sedum
acre, Sedum
(Wolf and
Lundholm,
2008)
Dendrobium Hojas de la
candidum
planta
24
plantas
(Xiao et al.,
2007)
ABAT, J. K., MATTOO, A. K. & DESWAL, R. 2008. S-nitrosylated proteins of a medicinal CAM plant
Kalanchoe pinnata - ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity targeted for
inhibition. Febs Journal, 275, 2862-2872.
AGARIE, S., KAWAGUCHI, A., KODERA, A., SUNAGAWA, H., KOJIMA, H., NOSE, A. & NAKAHARA, T. 2009.
Potential of the Common Ice Plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum as a New High-Functional
Food as Evaluated by Polyol Accumulation. Plant Production Science, 12, 37-46.
AGARIE, S., SHIMODA, T., SHIMIZU, Y., BAUMANN, K., SUNAGAWA, H., KONDO, A., UENO, O.,
NAKAHARA, T., NOSE, A. & CUSHMAN, J. C. 2007. Salt tolerance, salt accumulation, and ionic
homeostasis in an epidermal bladder-cell-less mutant of the common ice plant
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 1957-1967.
ANDRADE-SOUZA, V., ALMEIDA, A. A. F., CORREA, R. X., COSTA, M. A., MIELKE, M. S. & GOMES, F. P.
2009. Leaf carbon assimilation and molecular phylogeny in Cattleya species (Orchidaceae).
Genetics and Molecular Research, 8, 976-989.
ANTONY, E., TAYBI, T., COURBOT, M., MUGFORD, S. T., SMITH, J. A. C. & BORLAND, A. M. 2008. Cloning,
localization and expression analysis of vacuolar sugar transporters in the CAM plant Ananas
comosus (pineapple). Journal of Experimental Botany, 59, 1895-1908.
BADER, M. Y., MENKE, G. & ZOTZ, G. 2009. Pronounced drought tolerance characterizes the early life
stages of the epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia flexuosa. Functional Ecology, 23, 472-479.
BRADFORD, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of
protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72, pp.24854.
Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/942051.
CERNUSAK, L. A., MEJIA-CHANG, M., WINTER, K. & GRIFFITHS, H. 2008. Oxygen isotope composition of
CAM and C(3)Clusia species: non-steady-state dynamics control leaf water (18)O enrichment in
succulent leaves. Plant Cell and Environment, 31, 1644-1662.
CERNUSAK, L. A., WINTER, K., ARANDA, J., TURNER, B. L. & MARSHALL, J. D. 2007. Transpiration efficiency
of a tropical pioneer tree (Ficus insipida) in relation to soil fertility. Journal of Experimental
Botany, 58, 3549-3566.
CEUSTERS, J., BORLAND, A. M., CEUSTERS, N., VERDOODT, V., GODTS, C. & DE PROFT, M. P. 2010.
Seasonal influences on carbohydrate metabolism in the CAM bromeliad Aechmea 'Maya':
consequences for carbohydrate partitioning and growth. Annals of Botany, 105, 301-309.
CEUSTERS, J., BORLAND, A. M., LONDERS, E., VERDOODT, V., GODTS, C. & DE PROFT, M. P. 2008. Diel
shifts in carboxylation pathway and metabolite dynamics in the CAM bromeliad Aechmea 'Maya'
in response to elevated CO(2). Annals of Botany, 102, 389-397.
COSENTINO, C., FISCHER-SCHLIEBS, E., BERTL, A., THIEL, G. & HOMANN, U. 2010. Na+/H+ antiporters are
differentially regulated in response to NaCl stress in leaves and roots of Mesembryanthemum
crystallinum. New Phytologist, 186, 669-680.
CUSHMAN, J. C., TILLETT, R. L., WOOD, J. A., BRANCO, J. M. & SCHLAUCH, K. A. 2008. Large-scale mRNA
expression profiling in the common ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, performing
C(3) photosynthesis and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Journal of Experimental Botany,
59, 1875-1894.
FONDOM, N. Y., CASTRO-NAVA, S. & HUERTA, A. J. 2009. Seasonal variation in photosynthesis and diel
carbon balance under natural conditions in two Peperomia species that differ with respect to
leaf anatomy. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 136, 57-69.
FRESCHI, L., RODRIGUES, M. A., DOMINGUES, D. S., PURGATTO, E., VAN SLUYS, M. A., MAGALHAES, J. R.,
KAISER, W. M. & MERCIER, H. 2010. Nitric Oxide Mediates the Hormonal Control of Crassulacean
Acid Metabolism Expression in Young Pineapple Plants. Plant Physiology, 152, 1971-1985.
GOMEZ-CASANOVAS, N., BLANC-BETES, E., GONZALEZ-MELER, M. A. & AZCON-BIETO, J. 2007. Changes in
respiratory mitochondrial machinery and cytochrome and alternative pathway activities in
response to energy demand underlie the acclimation of respiration to elevated CO2 in the
invasive Opuntia ficus-indica. Plant Physiology, 145, 49-61.
GRIFFITHS, H., COUSINS, A. B., BADGER, M. R. & VON CAEMMERER, S. 2007. Discrimination in the dark.
Resolving the interplay between metabolic and physical constraints to phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxylase activity during the crassulacean acid metabolism cycle. Plant Physiology, 143, 10551067.
GRIFFITHS, H., ROBE, W. E., GIRNUS, J. & MAXWELL, K. 2008. Leaf succulence determines the interplay
between carboxylase systems and light use during Crassulacean acid metabolism in Kalanchoe
species. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59, 1851-1861.
GURALNICK, L. J., CLINE, A., SMITH, M. & SAGE, R. F. 2008. Evolutionary physiology: the extent of C(4)
and CAM photosynthesis in the genera Anacampseros and Grahamia of the Portulacaceae.
Journal of Experimental Botany, 59, 1735-1742.
HELLIKER, B. R. 2011. On the Controls of Leaf-Water Oxygen Isotope Ratios in the Atmospheric
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Epiphyte Tillandsia usneoides. Plant Physiology, 155, 2096-2107.
HERNANDEZ-GONZALEZ, O. & VILLARREAL, O. B. 2007. Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis in
columnar cactus seedlings during ontogeny: The effect of light on nocturnal acidity accumulation
and chlorophyll fluorescence. American Journal of Botany, 94, 1344-1351.
HOLTUM, J. A. M., WINTER, K., WEEKS, M. A. & SEXTON, T. R. 2007. Crassulacean acid metabolism in the
ZZ plant, Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Araceae). American Journal of Botany, 94, 1670-1676.
HONG, H. T. K., NOSE, A., AGARIE, S. & YOSHIDA, T. 2008. Malate metabolism in Hoya carnosa
mitochondria and its role in photosynthesis during CAM phase III. Journal of Experimental
Botany, 59, 1819-1827.
KLAVSEN, S. K. & MABERLY, S. C. 2009. Crassulacean acid metabolism contributes significantly to the in
situ carbon budget in a population of the invasive aquatic macrophyte Crassula helmsii.
Freshwater Biology, 54, 105-118.
KOUSSEVITZKY, S., SUZUKI, N., HUNTINGTON, S., ARMIJO, L., SHA, W., CORTES, D., SHULAEV, V. &
MITTLER, R. 2008. Ascorbate Peroxidase 1 Plays a Key Role in the Response of Arabidopsis
thaliana to Stress Combination. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283, 34197-34203.
KUPPER, H., GOTZ, B., MIJOVILOVICH, A., KUPPER, F. C. & MEYER-KLAUCKE, W. 2009. Complexation and
Toxicity of Copper in Higher Plants. I. Characterization of Copper Accumulation, Speciation, and
Toxicity in Crassula helmsii as a New Copper Accumulator. Plant Physiology, 151, 702-714.
LUGAN, R., NIOGRET, M. F., LEPORT, L., GUEGAN, J. P., LARHER, F. R., SAVOURE, A., KOPKA, J. &
BOUCHEREAU, A. 2010. Metabolome and water homeostasis analysis of Thellungiella salsuginea
suggests that dehydration tolerance is a key response to osmotic stress in this halophyte. Plant
Journal, 64, 215-229.
MAIQUETIA, M., CACERES, A. & HERRERA, A. 2009. Mycorrhization and phosphorus nutrition affect
water relations and CAM induction by drought in seedlings of Clusia minor. Annals of Botany,
103, 525-532.
MALONE, S., CHEN, Z. H., BAHRAMI, A. R., WALKER, R. P., GRAY, J. E. & LEEGOOD, R. C. 2007.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in arabidopsis: Changes in gene expression, protein and
activity during vegetative and reproductive development. Plant and Cell Physiology, 48, 441-450.
NELSON, E. A. & SAGE, R. F. 2008. Functional constraints of CAM leaf anatomy: tight cell packing is
associated with increased CAM function across a gradient of CAM expression. Journal of
Experimental Botany, 59, 1841-1850.
NOBEL, P. S. & ZUTTA, B. R. 2007. Carbon dioxide uptake, water relations and drought survival for
Dudleya saxosa, the 'rock live-forever', growing in small soil volumes. Functional Ecology, 21,
698-704.
OCAMPO, G. & COLUMBUS, J. T. 2010. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF SUBORDER CACTINEAE
(CARYOPHYLLALES), INCLUDING INSIGHTS INTO PHOTOSYNTHETIC DIVERSIFICATION AND
HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY. American Journal of Botany, 97, 1827-1847.
REYES-GARCIA, C., MEJIA-CHANG, M., JONES, G. D. & GRIFFITHS, H. 2008. Water vapour isotopic
exchange by epiphytic bromeliads in tropical dry forests reflects niche differentiation and
climatic signals. Plant Cell and Environment, 31, 828-841.
SALINAS, M. F., ARROYO, M. T. K. & ARMESTO, J. J. 2010. EPIPHYTIC GROWTH HABITS OF CHILEAN
GESNERIACEAE AND THE EVOLUTION OF EPIPHYTES WITHIN THE TRIBE CORONANTHEREAE.
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 97, 117-127.
SILVERA, K., SANTIAGO, L. S., CUSHMAN, J. C. & WINTER, K. 2009. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism and
Epiphytism Linked to Adaptive Radiations in the Orchidaceae. Plant Physiology, 149, 1838-1847.
SILVERA, K., SANTIAGO, L. S., CUSHMAN, J. C. & WINTER, K. 2010. The incidence of crassulacean acid
metabolism in Orchidaceae derived from carbon isotope ratios: a checklist of the flora of
Panama and Costa Rica. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 163, 194-222.
SUNAGAWA, H., AGARIE, S., UMEMOTO, M., MAKISHI, Y. & NOSE, A. 2007. Effect of urea-type cytokinins
on the adventitious shoots regeneration from cotyledonary node explant in the common ice
plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Plant Production Science, 10, 47-56.
SUNAGAWA, H., CUSHMAN, J. C. & AGARIE, S. 2010. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism May Alleviate
Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Facultative CAM Plant, the Common Ice Plant
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Plant Production Science, 13, 256-260.
THENG, V., AGARIE, S. & NOSE, A. 2007. Regulatory properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in
crassulacean acid metabolism plants: Diurnal changes in phosphorylation state and regulation of
gene expression. Plant Production Science, 10, 171-181.
VERA-ESTRELLA, R., BARKLA, B. J., AMEZCUA-ROMERO, J. C. & PANTOJA, O. 2012. Day/night regulation of
aquaporins during the CAM cycle in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Plant Cell and
Environment, 35, 485-501.
VOZNESENSKAYA, E. V., KOTEYEVA, N. K., EDWARDS, G. E. & OCAMPO, G. 2010. Revealing diversity in
structural and biochemical forms of C(4) photosynthesis and a C(3)-C(4) intermediate in genus
Portulaca L. (Portulacaceae). Journal of Experimental Botany, 61, 3647-3662.
WALKER, R. P., FAMIANI, F., BALDICCHI, A., CRUZ-CASTILLO, J. G. & INGLESE, P. 2011. Changes in enzymes
involved in photosynthesis and other metabolic processes in the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica
during growth and ripening. Scientia Horticulturae, 128, 213-219.
WALTER, A., CHRIST, M. M., RASCHER, U., SCHURR, U. & OSMOND, B. 2008. Diel leaf growth cycles in
Clusia spp. are related to changes between C-3 photosynthesis and crassulacean acid
metabolism during development and during water stress. Plant Cell and Environment, 31, 484491.
WEISS, I., MIZRAHI, Y. & RAVEH, E. 2010. Effect of elevated CO(2) on vegetative and reproductive growth
characteristics of the CAM plants Hylocereus undatus and Selenicereus megalanthus. Scientia
Horticulturae, 123, 531-536.
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