EG-1903 Vertical Vessel Foundation - Rev1!06!29-09

Vertical Vessel Foundations
EG-1903
Civil/Structural Engineering Guideline
Document No.
Rev.
REVISION and APPROVALS

Rev.
Date
0
1
Description
By
Approved
KG,IM,SJ,JI,
D.Mueller
Original Version
JUN 09
General Revision
This document is the sole and exclusive property of Mustang, including all patented and patentable features and/or
confidential information contained herein. Its use is conditioned upon the user's agreement not to: (i) reproduce the
document, in whole or in part, nor the material described thereon; (ii) use the document for any purpose other than as
specifically permitted in writing by Mustang; or (iii) disclose or otherwise disseminate or allow any such disclosure or
dissemination of this document or its contents to others except as specifically permitted in writing by Mustang. "Mustang" as
used herein refers to Mustang Engineering Holdings, Inc. and its affiliates.
Document is valid only at time of printing. See myMustang for latest revision.
EG-1903 Vertical Vessel Foundation_Rev1-06-29-09.doc
Page 1 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
SCOPE AND OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 4
2.0
DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1
2.2
3.0
Clarification of Terms ...................................................................................................... 4

Abbreviations and Acronyms .......................................................................................... 4
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................ 4

3.1
3.2
3.3
Lead Technical Professional ........................................................................................... 4

Design Technical Professional ........................................................................................ 4
Vessel Technical Professional ........................................................................................ 4
4.0
CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ....................................................... 4
5.0
DESIGN DATA........................................................................................................................... 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
6.0
DESIGN CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................. 6

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
7.0
ASD Load Combinations............................................................................................... 11

LRFD Load Combinations............................................................................................. 11
ANCHOR BOLTS..................................................................................................................... 12
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
9.0
Vertical Loads ................................................................................................................. 6

Wind Loads..................................................................................................................... 6
Seismic Loads ................................................................................................................ 9
Piping Loads ................................................................................................................. 11
LOAD COMBINATIONS .......................................................................................................... 11

7.1
7.2
8.0
From the Design Criteria ................................................................................................. 5

From Vessel Drawings.................................................................................................... 5
From Plot Plan and Equipment Layout Drawings ............................................................ 5
From Project Team ......................................................................................................... 5
From Construction Department ....................................................................................... 5
General......................................................................................................................... 12
Steel Strength of Anchor Bolts in Tension..................................................................... 13
Steel Strength of Anchor Bolts in Shear ........................................................................ 13
Anchorage in Concrete ................................................................................................. 14
Interaction of Tensile and Shear Forces........................................................................ 16
Seismic Requirements .................................................................................................. 17
PEDESTAL DESIGN................................................................................................................ 17
9.1
9.2
General......................................................................................................................... 17
Sizing............................................................................................................................ 17
Page 2 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
9.3
10.0
Reinforcing.................................................................................................................... 18
FOOTING DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 19

10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
11.0
Sizing............................................................................................................................ 19
Stability Ratio................................................................................................................ 19
Soil Bearing .................................................................................................................. 20
Loads on piles............................................................................................................... 21
Reinforcing and Stresses .............................................................................................. 22
AVAILABLE SOFTWARE........................................................................................................ 23
APPENDICES...................................................................................................................................... 24
Appendix 1: Foundation Charts ............................................................................................... 24
Appendix 2: Design Example.................................................................................................... 38
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Typical anchor bolt layout when forces are transferred to additional reinforcement ................ 16
Figure 2 Typical reinforcement layout to tie pedestal to the footing. ..................................................... 19
Figure 3 Soil pressure Octagonal footings.......................................................................................... 24
Figure 4 Soil pressure Square diagonal ............................................................................................ 25
Figure 5 Soil pressure Square flats ................................................................................................... 26
Figure 6 Biaxial soil bearing pressure Rectangular footings .............................................................. 27
Figure 7 Biaxial soil bearing pressure Rectangular footings (CONT)................................................. 28
Figure 8 Footing thickness required with no top steel, fc=3000 psi...................................................... 29
Figure 9 Footing thickness required with no top steel, fc=4000 psi...................................................... 30
Figure 10 Elements of octagons (even side dimensions) ..................................................................... 31
Figure 14 Vertical vessel anchor and base ring details......................................................................... 35
Page 3 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
1.0
SCOPE AND OVERVIEW

This guideline is for use in the analysis and design of foundations for vertical vessels. It shall be
used in conjunction with engineering guidelines EG-1010, C/S Process Plant Design Philosophy
and EG-1900, Civil Structural Engineering.
When there is a discrepancy between this document and Project Design Criteria or job
specifications, the latter shall govern.
2.0
3.0
4.0
DEFINITIONS
2.1
Clarification of Terms
This section is not applicable to this document
2.2
Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACI
American Concrete Institute
ASCE
American Society of Civil Engineers
IBC
International Building Code
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1
Lead Technical Professional

Lead Technical Professional is responsible for the interpretation of all the project
documents (geotechnical report, client design criteria, codes and design guideline). The
Lead is also responsible for the definition of the type of foundation, elevations, and
general criteria. The Lead assigns work to Design Technical Professional to meet the
project schedule.
3.2
Design Technical Professional

The Design Technical Professional is accountable for the quality of deliverables in
accordance with applicable standards, specifications, project design criteria and
equipment drawings. Deliverables including calculations and sketches shall be
completed as directed by the Lead Technical Professional.
3.3
Vessel Technical Professional

The Vessel Technical Professional is responsible to provide the vessel drawings,
complete with base reactions; general dimensions; and anchor bolt diameter, type and
layout.
CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
American Concrete Institute (ACI). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and
Commentary, ACI 318-08. 2008.
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
Other Structures, ASCE 7-05. 2005.
Page 4 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
5.0
DESIGN DATA
The Design Technical Professional shall review and obtain the following information prior to
analyzing and designing the footings:
5.1
From the Design Criteria

Concrete and reinforcing strength
Allowable soil bearing pressure, friction factor and coefficient of passive pressure
Allowable pile capacities
Ground water table elevation for buoyancy
Bottom of foundation elevation
Frost depth
Wind and seismic design parameters
5.2
From Vessel Drawings

Basic vessel dimensions
Empty and operating weights
Ladder and platform locations
Wind and seismic shear and moment at base of vessel (for comparison)
Number, size, location and tensile strength (grade) of anchor bolts
Bolt circle diameter
Base plate or anchor chair detail
5.3
From Plot Plan and Equipment Layout Drawings

Orientation of vessel
Location of vessel (centerline coordinates)
Top of grout elevation
5.4
From Project Team

Existing or new foundations around the vessel
Existing or new underground piping
Existing or new electrical and instrument underground duct banks
Existing or new above ground drainage including trenches, ditches, catch basins and
manholes
Other interferences such as extent of adjacent new structures and ribs for weather
barrier, not otherwise shown on the vessel drawing
5.5
From Construction Department

Additional loading on foundation due to erection method, such as gin poles
Page 5 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
6.0
DESIGN CONDITIONS
6.1
6.2
Vertical Loads
6.1.1
Erected Weight
The erected weight is the fabricated weight of the vessel plus all of the
removable internals, ladders, platforms and pipe supports and all the items that
are intended to be erected with the vessel.
6.1.2
Empty Weight
The empty weight is the weight of the vessel plus all of the removable internals,
ladders, platforms, insulation and fireproofing. The weight does not include any
liquid contents, catalyst contents, or platform live loads.
6.1.3
Operating Weight
The operating weight is the weight of the vessel plus all of the removable
internals, ladders, platforms, insulation, fireproofing, design liquid level, catalyst
contents and attached piping weight and pipe supports. Normally 3% of the
fabricated weight is added by Mustangs Vessel Group to account for the
attached piping. An additional 10-20% allowance may be included for attached
piping where the weight is provided by vendor and not by the Vessel Group.
When preliminary vessel information is being used, an additional 5-15%
contingency, based on engineering judgment, may also be added to account for
changes in the vessel weight. The operating weight does not include live or snow
load.
6.1.4
Field Test Weight

The field test weight is the operating weight of the vessel including the water
required for hydrostatic test in lieu of the design liquid level and catalyst contents.
6.1.5
Foundation Weight
The foundation weight is the weight of the foundation and weight of the soil
above the foundation
6.1.6
Others
Any eccentric loads, such as reboiler or other equipment supported on the
side of the vessel, shall also be evaluated.
All of the above loads shall be considered as dead load for application of
concrete design load factors.
Live loads or snow loads will typically not control any part of foundation
design and may be ignored.
Wind Loads
6.2.1
General
The results from this section shall be compared to the Vessel Group calculations
to insure consistency within the company.
Vertical vessels with a total height to diameter (H/D) ratio equal to or greater than
10 may vibrate due to vortex shedding effect. In this case, forces should be
obtained from the Vessel Group.
Page 6 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Contact the Vessel Group to verify banding thickness around insulation. This is
normally ignored in calculations, but it should be checked when clearances are
required.
6.2.2
Gust Effect Factor

This factor can be calculated based on the following table. The vessel shall be
classified first as flexible or rigid depending on the period of vibration
Table 6-1 Classification of vertical vessel
Criteria
Period 1.0 sec
Period < 1.0 sec
Classification
Flexible
Rigid
Gf
Calculate per ASCE 7, Section

6.5.8.2 (use a critical damping
ratio = 0.01) or obtain from
Vessel Group
0.85
For uniform vertical vessels, the natural period of vibration may be calculated
using the ASCE Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical
Facilities in accordance with the following formula:
T=
7.78 H

10 6 D
12Wt D
t
Equation 6-1
Where,
T
Wt
H
D
t
Period, s
Operating or Empty Weight, lb/ft
Total Height, ft
Outside diameter of vessel, ft
Skirt thickness, in
For more precise calculations and for non-uniform vertical vessels, STAAD Pro
may be used for generation of natural period and seismic force. If available, the
period may be obtained from the Vessel Group.
6.2.3
Simplified Procedure
Calculate wind loads in accordance with ASCE 7 (or project design criteria), as
follows
pz = qzG f
Equation 6-2
Where,
p
qz
Design wind pressure, psf
V
Kd
I
Basic wind speed, from design criteria, mph

Wind directional factor, generally 0.95
Importance factor, generally 1.15 unless Client Specifications or Lead
Technical Professional dictate a different value.
Velocity pressure, equal to q z = 0.00256 K z K zt K d V I

2
Page 7 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Kz
Velocity pressure exposure coefficient. Based on the Exposure Category,

Kz shall be determined from table or equations on ASCE 7, table 6-3.
Topographic factor, from Design Criteria.
Gust effect factor (See Section 6.2.2)
Kzt
Gf
Compute wind loads using an effective vessel diameter (De) which approximates
the effect of all projections such as piping, ladders and platforms.
De = C f D 0 + 0 . 8 D p + C L + C p
Equation 6-3
Where,
De
Cf
Effective vessel diameter, ft

Force coefficient (shape factor) see ASCE 7, Figure 6-21.
(use Cf = 0.8)
Outside diameter of vessel insulation, ft.
Diameter of largest vertical pipe with insulation, ft.
Ladder projected area (1.5-ft. w/cage, 1.0-w/o cage)
Additional width for platform areas, ft. (see Table 6-2)
Platform width, ft.
Average vertical platform spacing, ft.
Do
Dp
CL
Cp
B
S
Table 6-2 Factor Cp
Cp (ft)
B = 3'
B = 4
0.55
1.10
0.8
1.6
S = 30
S = 15
Wind shear forces and moments may be calculated using this effective diameter.
If these calculations compare favorably with the Vessel Groups computer
results, the shears and moments can then be used for the foundation design.
6.2.4
Detailed Procedure
When more accurate loads are required or the previous method is deemed to be
unacceptable, wind loads may be calculated using vessel orientation, platform
drawings, and the following criteria:
Wind pressure on projected area of insulated vessel times a cylindrical shape
factor.
Flat surface wind pressure on platform plan area times 0.5-factor applied at
each platform. (This will account for all framing and hand railing.) To
approximate the effect of shielding, the degree of platform used in
determining platform plan area shall not exceed 180 for any platform except
the platform at the top of the vessel.
Wind pressure on ladder with cage (assume tributary width of 1.5-feet) with a
1.0-shape factor.
Wind pressure on largest vertical pipe (including insulation) with a shape
factor of 0.8.
Page 8 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
When vessel orientation drawings are not available, the following criteria shall be
used for estimating platforms:
A minimum of one 3-0 wide platform, 2'-6" below each man-way, 15-feet or
greater above grade shall be considered.
One square platform at the top of the vessel when job requirements dictate
(size depends on vessel diameter).
A minimum of one platform every 30-feet shall be taken into consideration.
Platforms are sized based on the following table:
Table 6-3 Typical size of platforms for vertical vessels
Vessel Diameter (D)
6.2.5
Degree of Platform
D 48"
180
48" < D 96
135
96" < D 144"
90
144" < D
60
Forces at the Base of the Vessel

Shear and moment due to wind may be calculated as follows
Vw = p z Az
Equation 6-4
M w = V z hz
Equation 6-5
Where,
Vw
Mw
pz
Az
Wind shear force at the base of the vessel, lb

Wind overturning moment at the base of the vessel, lb-ft
Design wind pressure at elevation z, psf
2
Projected area of vessel at elevation z, ft
Az = hz De
hz
hz
Vz
De
6.3
Distance from the bottom of vessel to elevation z, ft

Length of stack section under consideration, ft
Horizontal force at elevation z, lb
Effective diameter at elevation z, ft (See Section 6.2.3)
Seismic Loads
The results from this section shall be compared to the Vessel Group calculations to
insure consistency within the company.
Calculate seismic base shear using the equivalent lateral force procedure of ASCE 7,
Section 12.8, as follows:
Vs = C sWt
Equation 6-6
Page 9 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Cs =
S DS
R
I
Equation 6-7
Cs need not exceed:
Cs =
S D1
R
T
I
for T < TL
Cs =
S D1TL
R
T 2
I
for T TL
Equation 6-8
Equation 6-9
Cs shall not be less than 0.01

In addition, where S1 is greater than or equal to 0.6, Cs shall not be less than
Cs =
0.5S1
0.01
R

I
Equation 6-10
Where,
Wt
Cs
Weight of vessel (empty and operating condition should be checked)

Seismic response coefficient
SDS
R
Design spectral response acceleration parameter in the short period range

Response modification factor (Design Criteria or ASCE 7, Table 15.4-2; generally taken
as 3.0)
Importance factor (Design Criteria or ASCE 7, Table 11.5-1)
I
SD1
S1
T
TL
Design spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1.0 second

Mapped maximum considered earthquake spectral response acceleration parameter at
a period of 1.0 second
Fundamental period of the structure (See Section 6.2.2)
Long-period transition period (See ASCE 7 Figure 22-15 to 22-20)
The overturning moment for vessels with uniformly distributed weight may be taken as
2
M s = Vs H
3
Equation 6-11
Where,
Ms
Vs
H
Seismic overturning moment at the base of the vessel, lb-ft

Seismic shear force at the base of the vessel, lb
Total height of vessel, ft
The computed seismic force using the above procedure is based on the strength level
(LRFD). The shear and moment results presented on the vessels drawing are normally
based on working stress level (ASD). When working with the strength level, the Vessel
Page 10 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Groups seismic shear and moment shall be multiplied by a factor of 1.4 in order to
convert from allowable stress level to strength level.
The results shall be compared to the Vessel Group calculations to insure consistency
within the company.
6.4
7.0
Piping Loads
Forces due to thermal expansion of piping shall be included in load combinations when
judged significant. For concrete design, piping thermal loads shall be considered as
dead load. Thermal loads will not normally be added to wind loads. Overturning need
not be checked for thermal loading.
LOAD COMBINATIONS
7.1
ASD Load Combinations

The following allowable stress design (ASD) load combinations shall apply for soil
bearing and pile capacities, unless job specifications dictate otherwise. Factors shown
are per ASCE 7, modified per industry practice, and are given as an example. Specific
job criteria may result in different load combinations.
Table 7-1: ASD Combination loads
Description
Load Combination
Operating weight
1.0DO
Operating weight + wind or seismic

(operating)
1.0DO+1.0W or (0.7EO +0.14SDSDo)

0.9DO + 0.7EO
Empty weight + wind or seismic (empty)
1.0DE + 1.0W
0.9DE + 0.7EE
Test or erection weight + partial wind
1.0DTEST + 0.33W
1.0DEREC + 0.33W
Note that the 0.6 dead load factor does not apply for vertical vessel foundation uplift combinations since the
dead loads for non-building structures are known to a higher degree of accuracy than dead loads for
buildings.
7.2
LRFD Load Combinations

The following strength design (LRFD) load combinations shall apply for reinforced
concrete design unless job specifications dictate otherwise. Factors shown are per
ASCE 7, modified per industry practice, and are given as an example. Specific job
criteria may result in different load combinations.
Table 7-2: LRFD Load combinations
Description
Load Combination
Operating weight
1.4DO
Operating weight + wind or seismic

(operating)
1.2DO + 1.6W or(1.0EO + 0.2SDSDO)

0.9DO + 1.0EO 0.2SDSDO
Empty weight + wind or seismic (empty)
0.9DE + 1.6W
Page 11 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
0.9DE + 1.0EE 0.2SDSDE

Test weight
1.4DTEST
Test or erection weight + partial wind
1.2DTEST + 0.53W
0.9DERECT + 0.53W
Where,
DE
Vessel empty weight and foundation weight
DEREC
Vessel erection weight
DO
Vessel operating weight
DTEST
Vessel test weight
Wind Load
EO
Horizontal Earthquake Load during normal operation
EE
Horizontal Earthquake Load during an empty condition.
SDS
Design Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration for short periods.
If spectral short period acceleration, SDS, is less than 0.125, the vertical component of
seismic effects (+/- 0.2 SDS) can be taken as zero.
When applicable, all of the above combinations shall also be evaluated for a buoyant
condition (high groundwater table).
8.0
ANCHOR BOLTS
8.1
General
Anchor bolt diameters selected by the Vessel Group shall be checked by the Structural
Technical Professional for tensile and shear strength on the steel and concrete.
It is desirable to select an appropriate anchorage system to keep bolts out of the mat.
The Vessel Group often figures anchor bolt tension using the Brownell-Young method
(ASD), which commonly produces smaller tension forces. This method may be utilized to
avoid discrepancies. The Mustang MathCAD template Brownell_Young1.mcd available
on myMustang can be used to quickly calculate the anchor bolt tension of a skirted
vertical vessel. The calculated factored anchor bolt tension shall be converted to ASD
prior to comparing with the Brownell-Young.
For non-galvanized anchor bolts, a corrosion allowance of 3/16-in shall be subtracted
from the bolt diameter. The corroded diameter shall be used for calculating stress in the
bolt material. Bolt pullout and shear on concrete will not be affected by corrosion.
Neither an anchor bolt template nor anchor bolt sleeves are required for vertical vessels
unless specifically requested by Client. Normal Mustang procedure is to utilize
galvanized A36 anchor bolts.
All pre-tensioned anchor bolts shall be high strength and all high strength anchor bolts
shall be pre-tensioned. Use Anchor Bolt Type PA (Mustang A.B. Schedule) for all
pretensioned bolts. For high strength anchor bolts, initial bolt tension shall be 0.375Fu
times the gross area of the bolt as indicated by a required angle of nut rotation from a
snug tight condition, torque, or pretension value. A Mustang MathCAD template A.B.Pretension V1.2.xmct, available on myMustang, can be used to quickly calculate these
values.
Page 12 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
All pre-tensioned anchor bolts shall be installed with a bond breaker (tape) that will
prevent the grout or concrete from bonding to the bolt throughout its stretched length
(bottom of chair/base plate to 1-in above the nut). Tape shall be of a non-water
absorbing material. Vessels over 150-ft in height or with a height to diameter ratio (H/D)
greater than 10 should have high strength anchor bolts regardless of the stress in the
bolts.
Anchor bolts shall project 2.5 times the bolt diameter above the vessel chair or plate.
Note that often a plate is provided above the chair, which shall also be cleared.
8.2
Steel Strength of Anchor Bolts in Tension

Anchor bolt tension may be checked using the following procedure and limited to the
LRFD capacity Tn > TAB
Steel capacity
Tn ( LRFD ) = 0.56 Fu Ab
Equation 8-1
For wind load:
TAB ( LRFD ) =
1.6 4 M w 0.9WE
N BC
N
Equation 8-2
For seismic load:
TAB ( LRFD ) =
`
1.0 4 M s 0.9W 0.2 S DSW
N BC
N
Equation 8-3
Where,
8.3
TAB
Anchor bolt tension due to seismic or wind, lb
Tn
Steel design strength
Mw
Wind moment at base of vessel, lb-ft
Ms
Seismic moment at base of vessel (empty or operating), lb-ft
Number of anchor bolts
BC
Bolt circle diameter, ft.
WE
Empty weight of vessel, lb
Empty or operating weight of vessel, lb
Ab
Nominal (gross) area of the anchor bolt, in
Fu
Ultimate tensile strength of the anchor bolt, psi
Steel Strength of Anchor Bolts in Shear

Shear on anchor bolts need not be designed unless applied factored shear force
exceeds the design friction capacity, in which case the anchor bolts shall carry the full
load.
To have no shear force on the anchor bolts:
V f Vu
No shear on anchor bolts
Equation 8-4
Page 13 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Friction capacity, Vf
V f = 0.75 Pu
Equation 8-5
Factored compression force Pu, for wind load:
Pu =
1.6 M w
+ 0.9 Wo
0.67 BC
Equation 8-6
Factored compression force Pu, for seismic load:
Pu =
1.0 M s
+ 0.9 W 0.2S DS W
0.67 BC
Equation 8-7
The total shear force per anchor bolt is:
VAB ( LRFD ) =
Vu
N
Equation 8-8
If shear forces are transferred to the anchor bolts, all base shear shall be resisted by the
anchor bolts. Assuming threads are included in the shear plane, the steel shear strength
of anchor bolt is:
Vn ( LRFD ) = 0.65 0.40 Fu Ab
Equation 8-9
Where,
8.4
Vu
Factored wind shear force at base of vessel, lb

Factored seismic (empty or operating) shear force at base of vessel, lb
Fu
Ultimate tensile strength of the anchor bolt, psi
Vf
Nominal frictional force capacity, lb
Vn
Nominal steel strength capacity, lb
Pu
Factored compression force at top of pedestal
Mw
Ms
Coefficient of friction. For the typical case of grout against steel, = 0.55.
BC
Bolt circle diameter, ft.
WE
Empty weight of vessel, lb
Empty or operating weight of vessel, lb
VAB
Bolt shear force, lb
Ab
Nominal (gross) area of the anchor bolt, in
Number of anchor bolts
Anchorage in Concrete
8.4.1
Forces Transferred to Concrete

Embedment length, edge distance and distance between anchor bolts may be
defined based on the concrete strength per ACI 318 Appendix D. All following
conditions shall be checked:
Page 14 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
8.4.2
Concrete breakout strength of anchor in tension and shear

Pullout strength of anchor in tension
Concrete side-face blowout strength of anchor in tension
Edge distance, spacing, and thicknesses to preclude splitting failure
Forces Transferred to Additional Reinforcing

If the anchor bolt tension force is transferred to the reinforcement, vertical dowels
shall be fully developed for the applied tensile forces. Only dowels closer than
half the embedment length can be used for this purpose.
The selected bolt shall have adequate length to provide enough development
length for the vertical dowels above the bottom of the bolt (see Figure 1) in
accordance with ACI 318 Chapter 12. In some cases, it may be necessary to
hook the dowels at the top of the pedestal to effectively transfer the anchor bolt
tension load into the reinforcement.
When using high strength anchor bolts, hairpins or a second ring of dowels may
be required within a horizontal distance of one-half of the embedment depth of
the anchor bolt to transfer tensile forces.
Required dowel area:
Adowel =
TAB
NB 0.75 Fy
Equation 8-10
The required development length may be calculated as:
Ld (required ) = Ld
Adowel (required )
12"
Adowel ( provided )
Equation 8-11
If a hook is used:
Ldh (required ) = Ldh
Adowel (required )
6" or 8d b
Adowel ( provided )
Equation 8-12
The reduction Adowel(req) / Adowel(prov) can not be applied in seismic design

categories D, E and F.
Where,
TAB
Anchor bolt tension due to seismic or wind (see Section 8.2), lb
NB
Number of vertical dowels (rebars) within 0.5hef
Fy
Rebar yield strength, psi
Ld
Development length in tension of dowel per ACI 318 Chapter 12
Ldh
Development length in tension of dowel with a standard hook per ACI 318
Chapter 12
Adowel
Required area of dowels close to the anchor bolt, in
When forces are transferred to additional reinforcing, following conditions shall

be checked per ACI 318, Appendix D.
Concrete breakout strength of anchor in shear
Page 15 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Pullout strength of anchor in tension

Concrete side-face blowout strength of anchor in tension
Edge distance, spacing, and thicknesses to preclude splitting failure
Figure 1 Typical anchor bolt layout when forces are transferred to additional reinforcement
8.5
Interaction of Tensile and Shear Forces

If shear needs to be included, combined shear and tension shall be checked in
accordance with ACI 318 Section D.7 or Project Design Criteria.
If Vu 0.2Vn
then full strength in tension shall be permitted: N n Tu
If Tu 0.2N n
then full strength in shear shall be permitted: Vn Vu
Equation 8-13
Equation 8-14
If Vu > 0.2Vn and Tu > 0.2N n , then:
Tu
N n
Vu
+
Vn
1.2
Equation 8-15
Page 16 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Where,
Tu
Nn
Vu
Vn
8.6
9.0
Factored tensile force applied to a single anchor or group of anchors, lb

Lowest design strength in tension of anchor governed by steel or concrete, (see
ACI 318, D.4.1), lb
Factored shear force applied to a single anchor or group of anchors, lb
Lowest design strength in shear of anchor governed by steel or concrete, (see ACI
318, D.4.1), lb
Seismic Requirements
In Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F the following requirements shall apply (Refer to
ACI 318 Appendix D for additional information):
The anchor design strength associated with concrete failure modes shall be taken as
0.75Nn and 0.75Vn where is given in ACI 318 Chapter D.4.4 or D.4.5 and Nn and
Vn are determined in accordance with D.5.2, D.5.3, D.5.4, D.6.2 and D.6.3
Anchors shall be designed to be governed by the steel strength of a ductile steel
element (in tension and shear). Ductile performance during a seismic event may be
accomplished if either of the following criteria is met.
- The capacity of concrete is greater than the capacity of the steel, if Section
8.4.1 of this document is used.
- Actual tension forces from the anchor bolts are transferred to the vertical
reinforcement (dowels) properly anchored in the foundation and seismic
splices and development lengths are used per ACI-318 Chapter 22, if Section
8.4.2 of this document is used
- Utilize only 40% of the design strength capacity using 0.75Nn and 0.75Vn
where is given in ACI 318 Chapter D.4.4 or D.4.5.
PEDESTAL DESIGN
9.1
General
Orient drain towards the nearest catch basin
Check between pedestal and vessel ladder interference
9.2
Sizing
Concrete pedestals supporting vertical vessels shall be sized using the minimum
dimension required to provide concrete coverage for anchor bolts as follows:
Bolt circle + 8 inches
Bolt circle + 8 bolt diameters (GR 36 bolts)
Bolt circle + 12 bolt diameters (High strength bolts)
Bolt circle + sleeve diameter + 7 bolt diameters (GR 36 bolts)
Bolt circle + sleeve diameter + 11 bolt diameters (High strength GR 105 bolts)
Clearance to fit anchor bolts within vertical pedestal reinforcing
O.D. base + 2 times grout thickness
Pedestals 6'-0" and over shall be octagonal in shape; under 6-0 may use a square
shape. To facilitate standard forms, octagons may be sized in even 2-in increments for
the flat dimension and squares in even 2-in increments out-to-out.
Page 17 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
9.3
Reinforcing
The pedestal shall be tied to the footing with sufficient dowels around the pedestal
perimeter to prevent separation of the pedestal and footing. If pedestal height is greater
than 8-0, then consider splicing the dowels.
Dowels may be conservatively sized by computing the maximum tension at the pedestal
perimeter due to overturning moment at the pedestal base using a modified anchor bolt
formula.
For wind load:
Tdowel ( LRFD) =
1.6 4 M wind
0.9 WE
RC
Equation 9-1
For seismic load:
Tdowel ( LRFD) =
1.0 4 M seismic
0.9 W + 0.2S DS W
RC
Equation 9-2
Required dowel area:
Adowel =
Tdowel
NB 0.9 Fy
Equation 9-3
The required development length may be calculated per Section 8.4.2 above
The reduction Adowel(req) / Adowel(prov) can not be applied in seismic design categories C,
D, E and F.
Where,
Mw
Ms
Tdowel
Dowel tension due to seismic or wind, lb
NB
Number of vertical dowels (rebars)
RC
Reinforcing circle diameter, ft (assume pedestal dimension minus 6-in)
WE
Empty weight of vessel plus pedestal, lb
Empty or operating weight of vessel plus pedestal, lb
Fy
Rebar yield strength, psi
Adowel
Required area of dowel, in
heff
Embedment length, in
Ld
Development length in tension of dowel per ACI 318 Chapter 12
Ldh
Development length in tension of dowel with a standard hook per ACI 318 Chapter 12
Page 18 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Figure 2 Typical reinforcement layout to tie pedestal to the footing.
Recommended minimum pedestal reinforcement should be as follows:

Squares up to 6-0
#4 vertical rebars with #3 Ties each at 12-in

maximum spacing
Octagons 6-0 3/8 to 8-5 3/8:
24 - #5 vertical rebars with #4 ties at 12-in

maximum spacing
Octagons 8'-10 1/4" to 11'-8":
32 - #6 vertical rebars with #4 ties at 12-in

maximum spacing
Octagons larger than 11'-8":
#6 vertical rebars with #4 ties each at 12-in

maximum spacing
Pedestals for vertical vessel foundations need not be designed as columns.

Splice lengths for ties shall be class "B". The reduction factors from ACI Section 12.2
are not normally applied. The minimum splice length shall be 16-in. A double set of ties
shall be placed at top of pedestal to protect anchor bolts.
Provide minimum temperature top reinforcing steel #4 @ 12 C/C in orthogonal
directions for pedestals over 8-0.
10.0
FOOTING DESIGN
10.1
Sizing
Square footings are preferable to octagonal footings. Flat dimension on octagons and
overall dimension on squares shall be sized in even 2-inch increments to facilitate the
use of metal forms. Rectangular or combined footings may be required in confined
areas, but should be avoided where possible. Adjusting the plot plan coordinates in
conjunction with piping layout may be an acceptable solution in confined areas.
The minimum footing thickness for soil supported foundations shall be 15-in and the
minimum thickness for pile supported foundations shall be 18-in, with 3-in incremental
increases. The thickness selected shall be checked for shear and tension in the
concrete.
10.2
Stability Ratio
Stability provisions outlined herein apply to shallow foundations. Footings supported on
piles should utilize the tension capacity of piles. The minimum Stability Ratio for service
Page 19 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
loads other than earthquake shall be 1.5 or in accordance with job specifications. For
earthquake service loads, the minimum Stability Ratio shall be 1.2 or in accordance with
Job Specifications.
For a foundation with symmetrical and concentric pedestal and footing, the overturning
stability ratio may be calculated as:
SR =
b
2e
Equation 10-1
Where,
b
Dimension of the footing in the direction of overturning moment, ft
Eccentricity equal to the overturning moment at the base of the footing divided by the
total vertical load, ft
The stability ratio for sliding is defined as the passive soil resistance plus the frictional
resistance to sliding divided by the maximum horizontal force applied to the foundation,
for any given loading condition.
For estimating purposes, the following values may be used if they are not provided in the
Design Criteria or Geotechnical Report.
For cohesive soils:
Cohesion: 500-psf (may be taken as zero)
Adhesion: 250-psf
For cohesionless soils:
Passive Pressure Coefficient, Kp: 3.0 (may be taken as zero)
Soil to Concrete Friction: 0.5
10.3
Soil Bearing
Soil bearing values shall be calculated using allowable stress combinations specified in
Section 7.1, The maximum soil bearing pressure shall be checked on the diagonal axis.
Soil bearing pressure used for reinforcing design shall be computed on the normal axis
(on the flat).
When applicable, all load combinations shall be evaluated for a buoyant condition when
a high groundwater table is encountered. The minimum factor of safety for buoyancy
shall be 1.2 under unfactored service loads.
Any increase in allowable soil bearing pressure for wind, seismic, or thermal load
combinations shall be based on Project Design Criteria and recommendation by the
Geotechnical Consultant.
The soil bearing pressure may be computed using Figure 3, when the entire octagonal
footing area is not in compression (e/D > 0.122 on the diagonal and e/D > 0.132 on the
flat).
When the entire square footing area is not in compression (e/D > 0.118 on the diagonal
and e/D > 0.167 on the flat), the soil bearing pressure may be computed using Figure 4
or Mustangs MathCAD template (Fdnstd Version 2.1.xmcd).
When the entire footing area is in compression, the soil bearing pressure shall be
computed using the combined stress formula: S.B. = P/A M/S.
Page 20 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Table 10-1: Bearing pressure equations
Octagon
Square
for e/D 0.132 :
FLAT
P
S .B = 1 7.57 e
D
A
for e/C 0.319:
S .B =
P
1 3.134 e
C
A
for e/D 0.122 :
DIAGONAL
P
S .B = 1 8.19 e
D
A
for e/D 0.295 :
S .B =
P
1 3.39 e
C
A
for e/D 0.167:
S .B =
P
1 6 e
D
A
for e/D 0.118:
S .B =
P
1 8.49 e
D
A
Where,
10.4
Total vertical load, lb
Eccentricity (M/P), ft.
Overall size, ft
Octagon flat side length, ft
SB
Soil bearing pressure, psf
Overturning moment at base of footing, lb-ft
Footing area, ft
Loads on piles
The maximum pile load shall be calculated using the following formula.
Q=
P Mx y My x
n y2
x2
Equation 10-2
Where,
P
Total vertical load, lb
Total number of piles
Mx, My
Overturning moment at the base of pile cap about x-axis and y-axis
respectively, lb-ft
Distance measured from the centroid of the pile group about the y-axis to
any pile, ft.
Distance measured from the centroid of the pile group about the x-axis to
any pile, ft.
x , y
2
Total amount of inertia of the pile group about y-axis and x-axis
respectively.
Page 21 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
10.5
Reinforcing and Stresses

10.5.1 General
Footing reinforcing shall be checked for both minimum shrinkage and
temperature requirements and for minimum flexural reinforcing requirements of
ACI 318 chapter 15.
The minimum bottom (and top, if required) footing reinforcing shall be #5 at 12-in.
Top reinforcing shall be provided for combined foundations. When supporting
two or more vertical vessels on a common mat in a seismic zone, the footing
shall be checked for a possible loading case where the vessels are vibrating out
of phase.
10.5.2 Moment and Shear in Footing
Shear and bending moments shall be computed based on the actual soil bearing
pressure as specified in Section 10.3 of this guideline, then factored by the
appropriate design load factors.
For square pedestals, the critical section for moment and rebar development
shall be at the face of the pedestal and for octagonal pedestals, the critical
section for moment and rebar development shall be at the face of a square of
equivalent area.
Moment and rebar development shall be checked at the face of the equivalent
square.
Beam shear shall be checked at a distance d from the face of the pedestal (use
an equivalent square for octagonal shapes) in accordance with ACI 318, section
11 and 15.
Two-way (punching) shear shall be checked at a distance d/2 from the face of
the pedestal (use an equivalent square for octagonal shape) as applicable per
ACI 318, Section 11.11.
For shear and moment calculations, a unit width strip designed as a simple
cantilever from the equivalent square shall be used. The resulting reinforcing
steel shall be placed continuously across the entire footing width in a grid pattern
with orthogonal rebars for loads along the other axis.
10.5.3 Top reinforcement
Top reinforcement in the footing is not necessary if the factored flexural moment
of the footing does not exceed the nominal flexural strength of the structural plain
concrete as follows:
M n M u
Equation 10-3
2
M n = 5 f 'c S m = 5 f ' c b t
M u = 1.4 * M
t min
6M u
Equation 10-4
Equation 10-5
5 f 'c
required for no top reinforcement
Equation 10-6
Page 22 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Where,
Mn
Nominal flexural strength, lb-in
Mu
Factored moment, lb-in (caused by weight of soil and concrete acting

on a 1-foot strip in the footing at the face of the equivalent squared
pedestal. Use a load factor of 1.4).
fc
Compressive strength of concrete, psi
Strength reduction factor for structural plain concrete = 0.60
Modification factor for lightweight concrete, =1.0 for normal weight

concrete
Design thickness, in
Width of section = 12-in
The design thickness (t) shall be taken as 2-in less than actual thickness for
concrete cast against soil (no reduction is required for concrete cast against a
seal slab). See Figure 8 and Figure 9.
Footings shall either be thickened or reinforcing placed at the top of the footing if
required. Footings greater than 24-in thick and pile caps shall have top
reinforcing.
Where seismic effects create tensile stresses, provide top reinforcement.
11.0
AVAILABLE SOFTWARE
MathCAD templates, Foundation 3D, Mat 3D and other software may be used for analysis and
design of vertical vessel foundations.
Page 23 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Foundation Charts
Figure 3 Soil pressure Octagonal footings
Page 24 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Figure 4 Soil pressure Square diagonal
Page 25 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Figure 5 Soil pressure Square flats
Page 26 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Figure 6 Biaxial soil bearing pressure Rectangular footings
Page 27 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Figure 7 Biaxial soil bearing pressure Rectangular footings (CONT)
Page 28 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
The curves below are for determining the thickness of the footing with no top steel. Based on
weight of concrete and soil acting on a one-foot strip. The thickness selected shall be reduced
by 2-in for concrete placed against seal slab.
M u = 1.4 * M
M n = 5 f c ' b (t 2")
= 0.60
t=
6M u
= 1 (normal weight)
5 fc '
+ 2" assumed on soil
12
11
Notes:
f'c =3000 psi
10
soil=100 lb/ft3
concrete=150 lb/ft3
Length of Cantilever, L
(ft)
9
8
7
t=40"
t=36"
t=33"
t=30"
t=27"
t=24"
t=21"
t=18"
t=15"
t=12"
1
3
6
7
8
9
Depth of bottom of footing , H
(in)
10
11
12
Figure 8 Footing thickness required with no top steel, fc=3000 psi
Page 29 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
12
11
Notes:
f'c =4000 psi
10
soil=100 lb/ft3
concrete=150 lb/ft3
Length of Cantilever, L
(ft)
8
7
t=40"
t=36"
t=33"
t=30"
t=27"
t=24"
t=21"
t=18"
t=15"
t=12"
1
3
6
7
8
9
Depth of bottom of footing , H
(in)
10
11
12
Figure 9 Footing thickness required with no top steel, fc=4000 psi
Page 30 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Figure 10 Elements of octagons (even side dimensions)
Page 31 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Page 32 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Page 33 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Page 34 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Figure 14 Vertical vessel anchor and base ring details

Page 35 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Page 36 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.

Page 37 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Appendix 2: Design Example

This example is used to illustrate the use of the Design Guideline EG-1903. Programs such as Foundation-3D is normally utilized for foundation
design of vertical vessel.
Mustang assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of this spreadsheet. It is the sole responsibility of the "User" as to the accuracy of all information
included within and derived from use of this spreadsheet
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
VERTICAL VESSEL ENGINEERING GUIDELINE - EXAMPLE

1.0
DESIGN CRITERIA AND CONSIDERATIONS

1.1
From Design Criteria

- Concrete compressive strength
- Yield strength of steel
fc := 4000psi
fy := 60000psi
- Net allowable soil bearing pressure
q a := 3600psf
- Soil weight
:= 110pcf
- Internal friction angle
:= 30deg
- Passive pressure coefficient

- Coefficient of horizontal friction
Kp := 3.0
:= tan ( )
- Min. footing depth below grade due to frost
Frost_depth := 3ft
- Ground water table elevation
El := 90ft
(10 feet below grade)
- Wind speed
V := 90mph
(based on ASCE 7-05)
- Grout thickness
Grout := 1.5in
- Seismic parameters
SDS := 0.35
= 0.58
SD1 := 0.133
Page 38 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Figure 1. Vessel Foundation -general dimensions plan view
Dped := 16.09375ft
Hped := 3ft
- Diameter of pedestal
- Height of pedestal
- Footing thickness
t ftg := 1.5ft
- Overal height of foundation
OL := Hped + t ftg = 4.5ft

Df := OL 1ft = 3.5ft
- Bearing depth
Page 39 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
1.2
From Vessel Drawings

De := 170kip
Do := 350kip
- Empty weight,
- Operating weight,
Dt := 625kip
- Design forces for wind or seismic (these forces shall be verified)
- Test weight,
- Anchor bolts,
24-1 1/2" ASTM F1554 GR 36

Bolt circle = 14'-10 1/2"
No sleeve
- Outside diameter of base ring,
ODbase := 184in
- Bolt diameter,
d b := 1.5in
- Number of anchor bolts,
N := 24
- Bolt circle
BC := 14.88ft
- Internal diameter,
D := 14ft
- Skirt thickness,
t :=
9in
16
Hv := 70ft
- Height of vessel,
2.0
(assumed, detailed vessel drawing

not available)
WIND LOAD VERIFICATION

The vessel must be classified as rigid or flexible in order to calculate the correct gust factor. Also, the
vessel can be checked for dynamic effects (vortex shedding and ovaling) based on ASME-STS-1-05. (This
is normally done by Vessel Group rather than Civil Group)
2.1
Period Calculation
-
For uniform vessels, use the following analytical equation:

Operating mass,
1000 Do
Tuniform :=
7.78 s ft
6
0.5
0.5
10 kip
Hv
Hv
Tuniform = 0.24s
-
Using a mathematical model in STAAD:

Six nodes
Mass/node of 58.3 kips
Eigen solution
TSTAAD := 0.27sec
Page 40 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
2.2
Wind responses - Vortex Shedding

A rule of thumb to address this problem is provided in the design guideline to classify a vertical
vessel as sensitive to this dymanic effect. If H/D > 10, the vessel needs to be analyzed for vortex
shedding effects in accordance with the procedure on ASME-STS-1.
Using this rule of thumb for this example, H/D=70/14=5 and therefore vortex shedding may need not
be analyzed. This is normally addressed by Vessel Group in an accurate approach.
2.3
Wind Load Calculation (ASCE 7-05)

- Vessel period T = 0.27 seconds < 1.0 seconds, therefore the vessel is rigid.
- For rigid vessels, the gust factor can be 0.85 and ASCE 7-05 procedure can be used.
- See attached MathCAD template for calculations.
3.0
Wind overturning moment,
M wind := 624kip ft
Wind base shear,
Vwind := 16.7kip
SEISMIC LOAD VERIFICATION

See attached MathCAD template for calculations.
4.0
Seismic overturning moment,
M seismic := 1779kip ft
Seismic base shear,
Vseismic := 38.1kip
ANCHOR BOLTS DESIGN

4.1
Basic information
Diameter of anchor bolt
d b = 1.5 in
Nominal area of anchor bolt,
A b := d b
Nominal tensile stress of anchor bolt

Nominal tensile strength of dowel
Fnt := 43.5ksi
Fu_d := 90ksi
ASTM F1554 gr36

ASTM A615 table 2, Grade 60
Nominal tensile stress of dowel
Fnt_d := 0.75 Fu_d
Anchor bolt type
H12A
(per Standard Mustang Anchor Bolt Schedule)
Note: This chapter is based on the nomenclature of AISC Design Guide #1.
Anchor chair type 2

Minimum projection required
Hchair := 10in see ED-1102 Vertical Vessel Ring

h proj.min := Hchair + 2.5 d b = 13.75 in
Anchor bolt design is an iterative process. In this example, a standard anchor bolt is selected and
checked.
Page 41 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Figure 2. Anchor bolt general dimensions
4.2
Maximum Tension on Anchor Bolts

-
For wind load (LRFD):

TAB_wind :=
4 1.6 M wind
N BC
0.9 De
N
TAB_wind = 4.81kip
-
For seismic load (LRFD):

TAB_seismic :=
4 1.0 M seismic
N BC
0.9 Do 0.2 SDS Do

N
TAB_seismic = 7.82kip
NOTE: Tension forces should be calculated for empty condition too (not shown in this
example).
-
Maximum ultimate tension force on anchor bolt
TAB := max TAB_seismic , TAB_wind = 7.82kip
Page 42 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
4.3
Maximum Shear on Anchor Bolts

This needs to be checked for wind and seismic condition. In this example, shear is checked for
seismic only
For seismic load:
Vu := 1.0 Vseismic
Vu = 38.1kip
Calculate friction shear resistance between vessel base plate and grout to see if it is greater than V u.
v := 0.75
v := 0.55
(between steel and grout)
M seismic
Pu :=
+ 0.9 Do 0.2 SDS Do
0.67 BC
Pu = 469kip
Note: 0.67*BC is an approximation of the arm in compression. A detailed calculation can be done.
V f := v Pu
V f = 203kip
>
Vu = 38kip
OK
Therefore, bolts do not need to be designed for shear

4.4
Steel strength of anchor bolts in tension:

Using AISC-LRFD 13th edition, Chapter J:
N T := 0.75 A b Fnt
N T = 57.65kip
>
max TAB_seismic , TAB_wind = 7.82 kip
OK
Note: A b is the nominal area of anchor bolt (not "tensile area"). See table below from AISC Design Guide #1. This result for the
tensile strength should be very similar to ACI-318 App.D, using A
se with
the net tensile area and the tensile strenght F
uta (but
minimum 1.9Fy or 125 ksi). See commentary on ACI 318, section D.5.1.2 for further information
Page 43 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
4.5
Steel Strength of Anchor in Shear:

This check is not required in this example because shear is resisted entirely by friction
4.6
Anchorage in Concrete
On pedestals, it is usually better to transfer the forces to the vertical dowels (development length) - see ACI
318 D.5.2.9 - instead of providing enough edge distance and using the effective depth as per ACI 318
D.5.2.3. See EG-1903 Design Guideline for additional information.
-
Basic information
Cnut := 2.75in
6
d dowel := in
8
Diameter of nut
Dowel diameter
Cnut
A hex := 3
2 2
3
A bolt :=
db
2
2
A hex = 4.91 in
2
2
A bolt = 1.77 in
A brg := A hex A bolt
A brg = 3.14 in
Page 44 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Required Area of vertical rebars (dowels)

All tension force will be transfer to the vertical dowels,
RC := Dped 6in Assume pedestal dimension minus 6"
Reinforcing circle diameter
RC = 15.59ft
Number of dowels closer than
hef /2 from anchor bolt
ND := 1
Rebar yield strength
Fy := 60ksi
Anchor bolt force
TAB = 7.82 kip
Required dowel area
A dowel :=
For initial design, a conservative

assumption is used
TAB
ND 0.75 Fy
2
A dowel = 0.17 in
A dowel_prov :=
Provided dowel area
Use min #6 at 12" vertical

dowels
2
d dowel = 0.44 in
Use 56 #6 Bars, 7 @ each face

-
Required development length of dowel and effective depth (above the anchor bolt)
This is the splice length required to transfer the force from the anchor bolt to
the vertical dowels
:= 1
Reinforcement location factor
:= 1
Coating factor
:= 1
Lightweight aggregate factor
:= 0.8
Reinforcement size factor
d dowel
3
Ldt := fy

2.5
40
fc psi
Development length of dowel, [in],

(REF 12-1 of ACI 318)
Ldt = 17.08 in
Ld_required := max Ldt , 12in = 17.08 in
(Required)
Ld := 23.6in
(Provided)
OK
Page 45 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
As(req)/As(prov) factor is not normally applied if the design is govern by seismic and ductility is required.
A minimum effective depth of the anchor bolt is checked. Normally 12 times the diameter of the bolt is
required.
h ef_min := 12 d b = 18 in
(this is minimum) (Required)
h ef := 29in
(Provided)
OK
See following table for direct values for development length (for 2" cover)
Required development length of standard hook in tension (below the anchor bolt)
Ldhb := 0.02 fy
d dowel
1.0 fc psi
= 14.23 in
Ldh_required := max Ldhb , 6in = 14.23 in

Ldh := 21.375in
(provided)
(Required)
OK
As(req)/As(prov) factor is not normally applied if the design is governed by seismic and ductility is
required.
Page 46 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Concrete side face blowout strength

Assuming the length of the pedestal to be greater than h ef
Height of pedestal,
Hped = 3 ft
Edge distance,
ca1 := 1.03
Dped BC
2 2
ca1 = 10.18 in
> c
amin := 4 d b
N sb := 0.75 160 ca1 A brg 1.0 fc ( psi )

N sb = 137kip
-
>
max TAB_seismic , TAB_wind = 7.82 kip
OK
Minimun spacing and edge distance for anchor bolts

Based on ACI-318 Appendix D.8:
Diameter of bolt,
d b = 1.5 in
Spacing:
s min := 4 d b
(6*BoltDia for torqued)
s min = 6 in
OK
edge min := 4 d b
Edge distance:
edge min = 6 in
4.7
OK
Dimensions checkings
It is preferred to have the anchor bolts above the footing for constructability purposes
Minimum projection is equal to height of chair plus 2.5 times the diameter of the bolt
Length of the anchor
bolt
Actual projection
Lab := 45in
Embedment of anchor bolt
h em := Lab h proj
h proj := 14in
h em = 31 in
Page 47 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Minimum clearance from bottom of bolt to top of footing,
Clear := 1in
Minimum height of pedestal required,
Hpedmin := h em + Clear
Hpedmin = 2.67 ft
Height of pedestal
provided
Minimum Overall height required,
Hped = 3 ft
Overal height
provided
OL = 4.5ft
OK
OL_frost := Frost_depth + 1ft = 4 ft

OK
Pedestal height and dowels layout

are enough to keep the anchor
bolts above the footing level.
Figure 4. Dimensions checkings
Page 48 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
5.0
PEDESTAL DESIGN
5.1
Pedestal Sizing
Based on the design guideline, the pedestal shall be the maximum of:
BC + 8in = 186.56in
BC + 8 d b = 190.56in
(controls)
ODbase + 2 Grout = 187 in

190.5" ~ 15'-10 1/2" (using standard drawing EG-4304-1 thru EG-4304-4)
Use
Dped = 16'-1 1/8"

Cped := 6.667ft
5.2
Reinforcing
Minimum vertical reinforcement for pedestals with height to diameter ratio less than 3 do not to have to
comply with column requirements per ACI 318.
The pedestal shall be tied to the footing with sufficient dowels around the pedestal perimeter to prevent
separation, following EG-1903,
-
Required rebar area

Rebar yield strength
Fy = 60 ksi
Reinforcing circle diameter
RC = 15.59ft
Total number of rebars
NB := 56
Page 49 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
lbf
2
Dp := 0.828 Dped Hped 150
3
ft
Pedestal weight
Dp = 96.51kip
Tension on the dowel
Ttiedowel_wind :=
1.6 4 M wind
RC
Ttiedowel_seismic :=
0.9 De 0.9Dp
1 4 M seismic
RC
0.9 Do + Dp 0.2 SDS Do + Dp
Note: This is a conservative method to calculate the tension on the dowels, The
Brownell-Young method may be used if required
Ttiedowel := max Ttiedowel_wind , Ttiedowel_seismic = 85.74 kip

A tiedowel :=
Required dowel area
Ttiedowel
NB 0.9 Fy
2
A tiedowel = 0.03 in
A tiedowel_prov :=
Provided dowel area

-
Use min #6 at 12 in. maximum

spacing
d dowel
4
2
2
= 0.44 in
OK
Required development length of standard hook in tension (to tie the pedestal to the footing)
Ldh_tiedowel := 0.7 0.02 1
d dowel fy
1.0 fc psi
= 9.96 in
Ldhtiedowel_req := max Ldh_tiedowel , 6in = 9.96 in
(Required)
Ldh_tiedowel_prov := t ftg 6in

Ldh_tiedowel_prov = 12 in
(Provided)
OK
Ldh is multiplied by 0.7 if the side cover is more than 2.5 in and the cover beyond the 90-degree hook is
more than 2 in.
As(req)/As(prov) factor is not normally applied if the design is governed by seismic and ductility is
required.
Page 50 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
6.0
FOOTING DESIGN
6.1
Stability Ratio
Size of footing is often governed by the stability ratio:
M seismic = 1779 kip ft
(or wind)
Assuming 20'-0" square, 1'-6" thick footing,

B := 20ft
t ftg = 1.5ft
W footing := B B t ftg 150
lbf
ft
A soil := B B 0.828 Dped
W footing = 90 kip
lbf
W soil := A soil Df t ftg 110
3
ft
W soil = 40.82 kip
W ped := 0.828 Dped Hped 150pcf
W ped = 96.51 kip
Ptotal := Do + W footing + W ped + W soil

ecc :=
SR :=
0.7M seismic
0.9 Ptotal
B
2ecc
ecc = 2.4ft
= 4.17
The stability ratio for sliding (SRs),
> 1.2
OK
SRS = V n /V seismic
Vn := Ptotal
Vn = 333.32kip
Vn
SRs :=
0.7Vseismic
SRs = 12.498
>
1.5
OK
Page 51 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
6.2
Soil bearing
Soil bearing needs to be checked for all load combinations. For this example, only
one case will be checked:
Operating + Seismic (0.9D o + 0.7E o )
The eccentricity is:
ecc = 2.4ft
<
= 3.33ft
The resultant is within the one third of the footing, thus the following assumption is
used:
For
ecc
B
= 0.12
<
0.167
= 0.8
The allowable gross pressure

is...
lbf
q a_gross := q a + 110 Df = 3985 psf
3
ft
And the gross pressure at the bottom of the
foundation is:
Ptotal
ecc
(For flat)
1 + 6
q flat :=
= 2481.06psf
B
B B
(For diagonal)
q diag :=
Ptotal
B B
1 + 8.49
<
q a_gross = 3985 psf
OK
<
= 2911.73psf
OK
ecc
B
Page 52 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
6.3
Concrete design of footing

-
Minimum thickness
In previous sections, a preliminary thickness was assumed for bearing pressure and other analysis. This
needs to be checked, and if need it, all calculations must be repeated with the new thickness.
1.
Development length of vertical dowels to tie the pedestal to the footing
2.
Beam shear force
3.
Two way shear (punching)
4.
Flexure design
5.
Linear distribution of pressures under the footing if elastic equations are used for the
analysis. This can be accomplished if t > (B-D ped )/4.
t ftg1 :=
(B Dped )
4
= 0.98ft
< t ftg
OK
Where
,
B is the footing width on the flat or diagonal
Dped is the pedestal width,
-
Beam shear check (D~diagonal)

2
For
ecc
Dia
= 0.08
q diag = 2911.73psf
Dia := B + B = 28.28ft
Diagonal Length
<
<
0.118
OK
Because the previous assumption (linear distribution of pressure at the bottom) is conservative, use a
factor of 1.5 to convert the pressure from working stress to LRFD, or calculate the pressure using factored
forces (Pu = 1.2*P, M u = 1.6Mwind, for example). Using a factor of 1.5 for this example, we have....
q f := 1.5 q flat
q f = 3.72
kip
2
ft
Page 53 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Pressure "q" at a distance "d" from the face of an equivalent square:

B
mA :=
+ ecc
2
mA = 12.4ft
L := 0.828 Dped
L = 14.64ft
d := t ftg 3in = 1.25ft

q d := q f
mA 0.5( B L) + d
mA
q d = 3.29
kip
ft
Shear at a distance "d":

Vd := q d
( B L)
d + q f q d
[ ( B L) d ]
2
kip
Vd = 5.58
ft
V c := 0.85 2 fc psi d
V c = 19.35
-
kip
OK
ft
Flexure analysis
For the same combination and forces, pressure at the face of the equivalent square:
q face := q f
mA 0.5( B L)
q face = 2.92
mA
kip
ft
2
M u := 0.5( B L) q face 0.5[ 0.5( B L) ] + 0.5( B L) 0.5 q f q face 0.5( B L)
3
M u = 12.38 kip
ft
ft
Page 54 of 55
EG-1903
MUSTANG
Document No.
Rev.
Minimum reinforcement per ACI 318

Minimum reinforcement shall the greater of 0.0018*b*h or, the minumum of 0.0033*b*d and 1.33As(req) but
not less than required by design, A s(req)
a.
b.
A s_min := 0.001812
in
t ftg
2
= 0.19 in
fc
7.556M u
req :=
1.7 2.89
2fy
in 2
12 d fc
ft
in
A s_req := req 12 d
ft
c.
M u = 12.38kip
0.003312

in
1.33A s_req = 0.25
in
ft
d = 0.59 ft in
ft
Use the minimum between 'b' and 'c' and then the maximum betwwen MIN(b,c). and 'a'.
but not less than #5@12"
Therefore, provide As(min) = 0.257 in2 /ft
#5 @ 12" each way (0.31 sq. in per foot) at the bottom
-
Requirement of reinforcing at the top

Reinforced is required at the top due to seismic provisions for this example. The use of Figure 8 and 9 on
EG 1903 is shown here for information only
Using Figure 9 in the EG-1903, for the following variables, we have
Depth of foundation
Depth_H := Df = 3.5ft
Thickness of foundation
t ftg.design := t ftg 2in = 16 in (assuming directly on

soil, 2-in substracted)
Lengh of cantilever
Lcant :=
Maximum lenght of cantilever

with no top reinf.
(Dia Dped )
2
= 6.1ft
Lmax.notop := 5.5ft
(From Figure 9)
Therefore, top reinforcement is required (match bottom reinforcement)
Page 55 of 55

EG-1903 Vertical Vessel Foundation - Rev1!06!29-09

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

EG-1903 Vertical Vessel Foundation - Rev1!06!29-09

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vertical Vessel Foundations

Civil/Structural Engineering Guideline

REVISION and APPROVALS

SCOPE AND OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 4

Clarification of Terms ...................................................................................................... 4

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................ 4

Lead Technical Professional ........................................................................................... 4

CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ....................................................... 4

DESIGN CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................. 6

ASD Load Combinations............................................................................................... 11

Vertical Loads ................................................................................................................. 6

LOAD COMBINATIONS .......................................................................................................... 11

From the Design Criteria ................................................................................................. 5

EG-1903 Vertical Vessel Foundation_Rev1-06-29-09.doc

FOOTING DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 19

SCOPE AND OVERVIEW

Abbreviations and Acronyms

American Concrete Institute

American Society of Civil Engineers

International Building Code

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Lead Technical Professional

Design Technical Professional

Vessel Technical Professional

CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

From the Design Criteria

From Vessel Drawings

From Plot Plan and Equipment Layout Drawings

From Project Team

From Construction Department

Field Test Weight

EG-1903 Vertical Vessel Foundation_Rev1-06-29-09.doc

Gust Effect Factor

Period 1.0 sec

Period < 1.0 sec

Calculate per ASCE 7, Section

Design wind pressure, psf

Basic wind speed, from design criteria, mph

Velocity pressure, equal to q z = 0.00256 K z K zt K d V I

Velocity pressure exposure coefficient. Based on the Exposure Category,

Effective vessel diameter, ft

Table 6-2 Factor Cp

Vessel Diameter (D)

96" < D 144"

Forces at the Base of the Vessel

Wind shear force at the base of the vessel, lb

Distance from the bottom of vessel to elevation z, ft

Cs need not exceed:

Cs shall not be less than 0.01

Weight of vessel (empty and operating condition should be checked)

Design spectral response acceleration parameter in the short period range

Design spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1.0 second

Seismic overturning moment at the base of the vessel, lb-ft

ASD Load Combinations

Operating weight + wind or seismic

1.0DO+1.0W or (0.7EO +0.14SDSDo)

Empty weight + wind or seismic (empty)

Test or erection weight + partial wind

LRFD Load Combinations

Operating weight + wind or seismic

1.2DO + 1.6W or(1.0EO + 0.2SDSDO)

Empty weight + wind or seismic (empty)

0.9DE + 1.0EE 0.2SDSDE