A sea breeze or onshore breeze is a gentle wind that develops over bodies of water near land due to differences

in air
pressure created by their different heat capacity. It is a common occurrence along coasts during the morning as solar
radiation heats the land more quickly than the water. A land breeze or offshore breeze is the reverse effect, caused by
land cooling more quickly than water in the evening. The sea breeze dissipates and the wind flows from the land towards
the sea. Both are important factors in coastal regions' prevailing winds.[1]
Offshore wind refers more generally to any wind over open water. Offshore wind farms take advantage of the higher
wind speeds available over the sea, but are usually placed near coasts to reduce costs and to take advantage of daily flows
of sea and land breezes. Nearshore wind farms are those closest to land, while others are further out to sea.
A land breeze is a type of wind that blows from the land to the ocean. When there is a temperature difference between the
land surface and the ocean, winds will move offshore. Although commonly associated with ocean shorelines, land breezes
can also be experienced near any large body of water such as a lake.
Land breezes usually occur at night. During the day, the sun will heat land surfaces, but only to a depth of a few inches. At
night, water will retain more of its heat than land surfaces. Water has a high heat capacity which is one reason hurricane
season officially extends through the chilly November months.
Monsoon (UK: /mnsun/; US: /mnsun/) is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by
corresponding changes in precipitation,[1] but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and
precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the
rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase. The major monsoon systems
of the world consist of the West African and Asia-Australian monsoons. The inclusion of the North and South American
monsoons with incomplete wind reversal has been debated.
The term was first used in English in British India (now India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) and neighbouring countries to
refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall
to the area. The south-west monsoon winds are called 'Nairutya Maarut' in India.
Northeast monsoon
Around September, with the sun fast retreating south, the northern land mass of the Indian subcontinent begins to cool off
rapidly. With this air pressure begins to build over northern India, the Indian Ocean and its surrounding atmosphere still
holds its heat. This causes cold wind to sweep down from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain towards the vast spans
of the Indian Ocean south of the Deccan peninsula. This is known as the Northeast Monsoon or Retreating
Monsoon.While travelling towards the Indian Ocean, the dry cold wind picks up some moisture from the Bay of Bengal
and pours it over peninsular India and parts of Sri Lanka. Cities like Chennai, which get less rain from the Southwest
Monsoon, receives rain from this Monsoon. About 50% to 60% of the rain received by the state of Tamil Nadu is from the
Northeast Monsoon.[28] In Southern Asia, the northeastern monsoons take place from December to early March when the
surface high-pressure system is strongest.[29] The jet stream in this region splits into the southern subtropical jet and the
polar jet. The subtropical flow directs northeasterly winds to blow across southern Asia, creating dry air streams which
produce clear skies over India. Meanwhile, a low pressure system develops over South-East Asia and Australasia and
winds are directed toward Australia known as a monsoon trough.
East Asian Monsoon

The East Asian monsoon affects large parts of Indo-China, Philippines, China, Korea and Japan. It is
characterised by a warm, rainy summer monsoon and a cold, dry winter monsoon. The rain occurs in a
concentrated belt that stretches east-west except in East China where it is tilted east-northeast over Korea and
Japan. The seasonal rain is known as Meiyu in China, Changma in Korea, and Bai-u in Japan, with the latter
two resembling frontal rain.The onset of the summer monsoon is marked by a period of premonsoonal rain over
South China and Taiwan in early May. From May through August, the summer monsoon shifts through a series
of dry and rainy phases as the rain belt moves northward, beginning over Indochina and the South China Sea
(May), to the Yangtze River Basin and Japan (June) and finally to North China and Korea (July). When the
monsoon ends in August, the rain belt moves back to South China.