Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Filovirus,
Bornavirus
Rhabdoviruses
Bornavirus
Enveloped
Enveloped
**(replicates in host nucleus= unusual)**
(-) ssRNA
(-) ssRNA
(-) ssRNA
5 viral proteins encoded
DNA/RNA
[Worldwide]
[Endemic to AFRICA]
Source/reservoir:
-not really known
-maybe bats & wild monkeys
Source/reservoir:
-most likely zoonotic
Transmission:
-Direct contact w/ infected animals or humans
-Contact w/ infected tissue/blood/secretions
Risk:
-working with wild primates
-BSL-4 lab personnel
Transmission
-Exposure to mucus membranes (eyes, nose, mouth)
-Possibly inhalation of aerosols in caves with infected bats
-Corneal transplantation
Pathophys
Incubation: Asymptomatic
-Long pre-clinical period (4 days - 19 years)
--> dep. upon proximity of infection site to CNS/brain
--> humans > 6 years
-Low titer [virus in muscle]
Prodrome: (2-10 days)
-Bite site or involved limb:
--> Pain, Pruritus, Paresthesia (tingling, tickling, itching)
-Other symptoms:
--> Fever, HA, N/V, anorexia, lethargy/ malaise
-Low titer [virus in CNS & brain]
Disease
Neuropsychiatric disorders*******
Schizophrenia
Autism
Other neuopsych dz
-Followed by:
--> Diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain,
conjunctivitis, dysphagia
--> Hemorrhaging from GIT, mucus
membranes, puncture sites
--> cutaneous rash
-In FATAL cases:
--> Obtund
--> Tachypnea, hiccups
--> SHOCK
If they survive:
Orchitis, hepatitis
Recurrent or prolonged hepatitis
Transverse myelitis/evetis
Inflammation of testes, spinal cord, parotid gland
[Early sx]:
-Detect virus in blood/tissues via ELISA or
PCR
[Survivors]:
Serology
RT-PCR
--> peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Serology
[Fatal cases]:
Immunohistology of tissues, virus isolation,
PCR
Diagnosis
Neck biopsy
-Posterior region of neck @ hairline, should be of size & depth to incl. 10 hair follicles w/
cutaneous nerves at base of follicle
-RT- PCR or direct (testing for Ag) immunoflorescent stain
Serum & CSF
-Indirect (testing for Ab) immunofluorescent stain
-Virus neutralization
Brain Bx [unwarranted unless bx (-) for herpes encephalitis]
-RT-PCR-Indirect (testing for Ab) immunofluorescent stain
-Indirect (testing for Ag) immunofluorescent stain
Samples & Methods (Postmortem) [rarely done]
-consult State Dept
-Sample: CSF (brain)
Treatment
Supportive Care
Supportive Care
No specific tx.
-Replace fluids/electrolytes
-Replace blood & clotting factors
-Transfusion of FFP
-Replace fluids/electrolytes
Supportive care
[Rapid or suspected rabid domestic dog or cat&
Wild animal bites]:
RIG & HDCV/PCEC vaccine
Prevention
[Domestic animals]
-vaccination
-restriction of movement
-animal control programs
[Wildlife]
-population control ineff.
-vaccination programs
-Controversial: Heparin
Ribavirin