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Hawkins
Managing Director
Quench Converter
ARC Converter
Tube Cooled
Toyo MRF-Z
Adiabatic Beds
Inlet
Manway
Manway
Inert Balls
Catalyst
Discharge Chute
Exit
Catalyst
Discharge Chute
Vessel Wall
Shot Pipe
Sparge Pipe
Mesh
Sparge
Holes
10
Max Rate
Curve
Methanol
6
Equilibrium
0
180
200
220
240
260
Temperature (C)
280
300
320
MUG
Separator
Flash Drum
Benefits are
Simple
Reliable
Well proven
Capacity up to 3000 mtpd
Catalyst density
Low
flow
Normal
Cool
Normal
Catalyst Support
Plates
Individual / Separate
Catalyst Beds
Gas Mixing
System
Ca t a
ly s t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
e d
b
Inlet Temperature
Exit Temperature
Bed 1 223 C
Bed 1 251 C
Bed 1 270 C
Bed 2 223 C
Bed 1 291 C
Bed 2 262 C
Bed 3 237 C
Bed 2 270 C
Bed 2 301 C
Bed 3 261 C
Bed 3 270 C
Bed 4 230 C
Bed 4 269 C
Bed 3 289 C
Bed 4 260 C
Temperature
Quench Converter
Equilibrium
Line
ARC Converter
% Methanol
Increase in
Methanol %
% increase in by-products
200
150
100
50
0
10
20
30
40
temperature stand. dev. C
50
QCC + Comp
ICI 51-7
ICI 51-7
A ARC + Comp
A
Ethanol
200
69
ppm
Propanol
71
28
ppm
Butanol
71
33
ppm
MEK
13
<5
ppm
Decane C10
2.6
0.9
ppm
Undecane C11
1.8
0.6
ppm
Dodecane C12
1.2
0.4
ppm
Tridecane C13
0.7
0.3
ppm
Production (te/day)
1,650
1,600
1,550
1,500
1,450
1,400
200
400
600
800
Days on line
1,000
1,200
1,400
Key features
improved gas mixing
no penalty on pressure drop
better utilisation of the converter volume
minimise the by-product levels
Arc Revamp
Catalyst Loading
Lozenge removal
activity
Converter inspection
Fit ARC internals
Catalyst loading
Bed 5
Bed 4
Bed 3
Bed 2
Bed 1
0
14
days
21
Manway
Manway
Catalyst
Discharge Port
Outlet
Inlet
Syn Gas
Purge
Crude
Cooler
Heat Recovery
Unit
Crude
Loop
Interchanger
10
Max Rate
Curve
Methanol
Equilibrium
6
4
2
0
180
200
220
240
260
Temperature (C)
280
300
320
Gas Inlet
Cooling
Tube
Catalyst Loading
Catalyst
Central Pipe
Inert Balls
Steam Outlet
BFW Inlet
Gas Outlet &
Catalyst Unloading
Cooling Tube
Outlet Collector
Cooled Bed
Scallops
Adiabatic Beds
10
Max Rate
Curve
9
8
Methanol
Equilibrium
7
6
5
4
3
180
200
220
240
260
Temperature (C)
280
300
320
Syn Gas
Steam
Crude
Cooler
Purge
Loop
Interchanger
Crude
10
Max Rate
Curve
Methanol
Equilibrium
6
4
2
0
180
200
220
240
260
Temperature (C)
280
300
320
Casale
Horizontal Adiabatic Converter
10
Max Rate
Curve
Methanol
Equilibrium
6
4
2
0
180
200
220
240
260
Temperature (C)
280
300
320
But
Large loop interchanger
Multiple vessels (excluding Casales Horizontal
Converter)
Beds are shallow and so mal distribution can be a
problem
ARC
242
TCC
175
SRC
150
Similar to Reduction
Use air instead
Again exothermic
Also requires soak
Can not fully guarantee full oxidation
Procedure is available