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Physics
N cos
N sin
F cos
F
A
F sin
B
W = mg
b.
[1]
+ tan
rg s
1 s tan
where, r is radius of curved road.
s is coefficient of friction between road and tyres,
is angle of banking.
[1]
[1]
[]
is vmax =
c.
ii.
If dN(v) represents number of molecules between the speeds v and v + dv, dN(v)
remains almost constant at equilibrium and is proportional to dv.
In a system of N molecules, if probability that a molecule has speed between v and
v + dv is vdv, then, dN(v) = Nvdv
The graph of v against v is shown in the figure.
[]
v(dv)
v
2.5
1 dv 1.5
2
v
Maxwell distribution
The fraction of molecules with speed between v and v + dv equals the area of the strip
dN(v)
= vdv
shaded. Thus
N
Total area corresponds to the fraction of molecules with speed between 0 and and
hence equals 1.
0.5
h.
i.
iii.
11
[1]
[1]
GMm
2(R + h)
[]
T.E. =
[]
32016 107
2 8.2
T.E. = 1.953 1010 J
The total energy of the artificial satellite is 1.953 1010 J.
B.E. = T.E.
B.E. = 1.953 1010 J
The binding energy of the artificial satellite is 1.953 1010 J.
=
iv.
70
70
m, 2 =
m
153
157
Frequency (n) = ?, Velocity of sound (v) = ?
As v = n
For two notes in air, n11 = n22
70
70
n1
= n2
157
153
1 > 2
n2 > n1
From the given condition in the question,
n2 = n + 8 and n1 = n 8
70
70
= (n 8)
(n + 8)
157
153
153 (n + 8) = 157 (n 8)
[1]
[1]
1 =
[]
[]
Physics
n = 620 Hz
[1]
Using formula, v = n
70
157
70
= (620 + 8)
157
70
v = 628
157
v = (n + 8)
= 280 m/s
The velocity of sound in air is 280 m/s.
[1]
Hyperbola
(v > ve)
vc
R
circle
(v = vc)
Parabola
(v = ve)
Ellipse
(vc< v < ve)
ii.
iii.
(1 + 1)
Statement: The angular momentum of a body remains constant, if resultant external torque
acting on the body is zero.
Example:
a.
A ballet dancer makes use of the law of conservation of angular momentum to vary her
angular speed.
b.
Torque acting on her body is zero. By law of conservation of angular momentum,
L = constant
1
I = constant
I
c.
When she suddenly folds her arms and brings the stretched leg close to the body, her
angular velocity increases on account of decrease in moment of inertia.
This helps in rotating safely on her legs.
When a liquid is in contact with a solid, the angle between tangent drawn to the free surface
of the liquid and the surface of solid at the point of contact measured inside the liquid is
called angle of contact.
Characteristics:
a.
The angle of contact is constant for a given liquid-solid pair.
b.
The value of angle of contact depends upon nature of liquid and solid in contact.
c.
It depends upon the medium which exists above the free liquid surface.
d.
The angle of contact changes due to impurity or temperature.
(Any two characteristics)
( 2)
3
[2]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
iv.
Conical
projection
a.
b.
Aperture
Lamp black
Evacuated space
c.
d.
[1]
[1]
v.
VH =
=
rg
0.8 9.8
= 7.84
= 2.8 m/s
The minimum velocity at the highest point is 2.8 m/s.
At midway point,
VM =
=
3rg
[]
[]
3 2.8
= 1.732 2.8
= 4.849
4.85 m/s
The minimum velocity at the midway point is 4.85 m/s.
vi.
[]
[]
[1]
2 v max
a max
2 3.142 0.16
=
0.64
= 1.571 s
Period of particle is 1.571 s
[]
T=
[]
h1 = 3.2 cm, A2 =
Physics
A1
, h2 = ?
2
1
r
h1r1 = h2r2
r 2
r22 = 1
2
r
r2 = 1
2
3.2 r1
h2 =
r1 2
As, h
[]
[]
= 3.2 2 = 4.525 cm
The water will rise to a height of 4.525 cm.
[1]
[]
[]
= antilog[4.7801]
4
= 6.027 10 kg/m
Linear density of material of wire is 6.027 104 kg/m
[1]
Q.3. Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given alternatives for each
sub-questions:
i.
(C)
M
Linear density =
L
M = L
Wire of length L is bent into a coil of radius R
L
R=
2
M.I. of coil through any tangent in the plane of the coil
3
= MR2
2
3
L
(L)
2
2
3L3
8 2
[1]
5
ii.
(A)
[1]
iii.
(B)
[1]
iv.
(D)
Elongation
1
r2
(Elongation) thin
(n / 2) 2
= n2
=
(1 / 2) 2
(Elongation) thick
[1]
v.
(B)
[1]
vi.
(C)
[1]
viii. (D)
[1]
Q.4. A.
Sr.
Forced vibrations
Resonance
No.
i.
It is produced by an external periodic It is produced by an external periodic force
force of any frequency.
whose frequency is equal to the natural
frequency of the body.
ii.
The frequency of vibrations is The frequency of vibrations is same as the
different from the natural frequency natural frequency of the body.
of the body.
iii. The amplitude of vibration is small.
The amplitude of vibration is very large.
iv. Vibrations
stop as soon as the Vibrations continue for some time even
external force is removed.
after the external force is removed.
v.
Faint sound is produced.
Loud sound is produced.
(1 2)
[2]
N
l = 1
[1]
3
l= 2
2
B.
[1]
[]
Physics
15 106
102
= 1.5 103
Shearing strain is 1.5 103
Shearing force F = A
= 4.5 1010 0.25 1.5 103
= 1.688 107 N
Shearing force is 1.688 107 N.
=
[]
[]
[]
[1]
OR
The physical quantity which describes the state of oscillation of a particle performing S.H.M
at any instant is called phase of S.H.M.
In the equation of S.H.M,
x = A sin (t + )
where, (t + ) is the phase or phase angle of S.H.M
For a particle starting from extreme position:
Displacement time graph:
Time
(t)
0
T/4
T/2
3T/4
T
[1]
Displacement
(x)
A
0
A
0
A
Phase
(t)
0
/2
3/2
2
Graph:
Displacement
Q.4. A.
+A
0
A
T
4
T
2
3T
4
5T
4
3T
2
[1]
Velocity-time graph:
Time
(t)
0
T/4
T/2
3T/4
T
Phase
(t)
0
/2
3/2
2
Velocity
(v)
0
A
0
A
0
7
Graph:
Velocity
+A
0
T
4
T
2
3T
4
3T
2
5T
4
t
[1]
Acceleration-time graph:
Time
(t)
0
T/4
T/2
3T/4
Phase
(t)
0
/2
3/2
Acceleration
(a)
A2
0
A2
0
A2
Acceleration
Graph:
+A2
0
A2
B.
T
4
T
2
3T
4
5T
4
3T
2
rad/s2
=
15
= I
I =
20
=
/ 15
= 95.48 kg m2
Moment of inertia of the body is 95.48 kg m2
[1]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
Physics
SECTION II
Q.5. Attempt any THREE:
i.
[]
[]
X4 = (2 4 1)
[]
ii.
[1]
[]
5
5
=
5 10 X
10 + X
(10 + X)
1=
2X
2 X = 10 + X
X = 10 F
The value of X is 10 F.
[1]
9
As the bridge is balanced, no current flows through branch BD. Hence the network can
be reduced as follows:
5 F B 5 F
A
C
5 F D 10 F
+
5V
iii.
= 5 F
The resultant capacitance between A and C is 5 F.
a.
[]
[]
[1]
Suppose that rectangular coil PQRS is kept in uniform magnetic field of induction B.
Let n be the number of turns of the coil with l as its length and b as its breadth.
The current I is passed through it in anticlockwise direction.
S
F2
F1
Q
[]
b.
c.
d.
e.
10
The forces on QR and SP are equal to zero because they are parallel to B .
Force on PQ,
(directed normally outwards)
F1 = nIBl
Force on RS,
(directed normally inwards)
F2 = nIBl
Two forces F1 and F2 are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction and act at
different points. Hence these forces constitute a torque () and rotate the coil.
Magnitude of torque is given by,
= Magnitude of one of the forces perpendicular distance between these parallel forces
= (nBIl) (b) = nBI (lb)
= nBIA
where, A = lb = area of rectangular coil PQRS.
[]
g.
Physics
[]
N
P
h.
i.
C
I =
nAB
j.
a.
.(iii)
[]
[]
C
= k = constant
nAB
I = k
I
Hence, current flowing through galvanometer is proportional to deflection produced in
it.
[]
Energy
iv.
Partially filled
Conduction band
Very small
energy gap
Completely filled
valence band
[]
11
In case of zinc, the valence band is completely filled and the conduction band is
empty but the two overlap each other as shown in figure (ii).
Empty conduction
band
Overlapping region
Energy
4.
Completely filled
valence band
Figure (ii) Valence band and conduction
band in Zinc
5.
b.
In both the situations, it can be assumed that there is a single energy band which
is partially filled.
Therefore on applying even a small electric field, metals conduct electricity.
Thus the electrical behaviour of conductors can be satisfactorily explained by the
band energy theory of materials.
[1]
Energy
1.
2.
3.
4.
Eg < 3 eV
[]
[1]
i.
A Plane of vibration
P
D
S
Unpolarised Q
light
R
B
ii.
12
Plane of
polarisation
(1 + 1)
(Diagram and labelling)
Conditions for steady interference pattern:
a.
The two sources of light must be coherent.
b.
The sources of light must be monochromatic.
c.
The two light sources must be equally bright i.e. they must emit lights of equal
amplitude and intensity.
d.
The two light sources must be narrow.
[2]
[]
[]
[]
[]
Physics
+e
b.
c.
The angular momentum of an electron due to its orbital motion is given by,
L0 = mevr .(i)
For the sense of orbital motion of electron shown in the figure, the angular momentum
d.
e.
vector L acts along normal to the plane of the electron orbit and in upward direction.
Suppose that the period of orbital motion of the electron is T. Then the electron crosses
any point on its orbit after every T seconds or 1/T times in one second.
Magnitude of circulating current is given by,
1
I = e
T
2r
v
ev
1
I = e
=
2
r
2
r
/
v
But, T =
f.
[]
[]
The magnetic dipole moment associated with circulating current is given by,
ev
r2
M0 = IA =
2 r
[]
evr
.(ii)
2
This is the required expression.
M0 =
[]
iv.
Information
source
Noise
User of
information
Message
signal
Transmitter
Message
signal
Transmitted Communication Received
Signal
Channel
Signal
Receiver
(1 + 1)
13
[2]
( r )air
and
( r )glass
( v )air
air ( v )glass =
( v )glass
( r )air ( v )air
=
( r )glass ( v )glass
( r )glass 4400 4000
(v)glass = (v)air
=
6400
( r )air
air
( r )glass =
(v)glass = 2750
The wavelength of violet light in glass is 2750 .
vi.
vii.
14
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[1]
L = 125 mH = 125 10 H,
C = 50 F = 50 106 F
fr = ?
We have,
1
fr =
2 LC
1
=
2 3.14 125 103 50 106
1
=
6.28 625 108
1
=
6.28 25 104
104
=
6.28 25
400
=
6.28
[]
[]
Physics
[1]
c
3 108
=
= 108 m/s, h = 6.63 1034 Js,
3
3
m = 9.11 1028 g = 9.11 1031 kg, = ?
h
=
mv
6.63 1034
=
9.11 1031 108
66.3
=
1035 1031 108
9.11
66.3
=
1012
9.11
= {antilog [ log(66.3) log(9.11) ]} 1012
viii. v =
[]
[]
= 7.278 1012
The de Broglie wavelength of electron is 7.278 1012 m.
[1]
Q.7. Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given alternatives for each
sub-question:
i.
(B)
ii.
(B)
[1]
[1]
d 4
l = 1.5 m, d = 4 cm, r = = = 2 cm = 2 102 m,
2 2
n = 10 per metre, I = 5 A, 0 = 4 107 Wb/Am
Now, B = 0nI
= 4 107 10 5
= 2 105 T
iii.
(C)
[1]
iv.
(C)
[1]
hc
We have, E =
hc
hc
E1 =
and E2 =
1
2
E1 E2 =
hc hc
= hc
1 2
1
1
1 2
.[ E1 > E2]
1
E1 E2 = hc 2
1 2
(E E 2 ) 1 2
h= 1
c ( 2 1 )
15
v.
(C)
[1]
vi.
(D)
[1]
vii.
(A)
[1]
E=
Q.8. A.
V
F ma
but E = =
d
q
q
ma V
qV
=
a=
q
d
dm
a.
b.
c.
Consider a coil connected with battery E, plug key K and inductor L carrying current of
magnitude I as shown in figure.
Since magnetic flux linked with the coil is directly proportional to the current,
= LI
.(i)
where, L = constant called coefficient of self induction or self inductance of the coil,
which depends upon the number of turns, shape, area of the coil and material of the
core.
Induced e.m.f in the coil is given by,
d.
e=
[]
d
dt
e=L
dI
dt
.(ii)
ve sign in equation (ii) shows that self induced e.m.f opposes the rate of change of
current.
dI
dI
=L
dt
dt
|e| = L
dI
dt
16
The phenomenon of production of induced e.m.f in one coil due to change of current in
the neighbouring coil is called mutual induction.
The e.m.f so induced is called mutually induced e.m.f.
[]
Physics
Consider primary coil P and secondary coil S fitted with galvanometer G and placed
very close to each other as shown in figure. The coil P is connected in series with the
source of e.m.f (battery) and key K.
g.
When tap key K is pressed, current IP passes through the coil P.
Magnetic flux S linked with secondary coil S at any instant is directly proportional to
current IP through primary coil P at that instant.
S IP
S = M IP .(i)
where M is constant called coefficient of mutual induction or mutual inductance of the coil.
h.
e.m.f induced in S at any instant is given by,
d S
eS =
dt
d
= (MIP) [From equation (i)]
dt
dI
eS = M P
dt
dI P / dt
Co-efficient of self induction of a coil is defined as the e.m.f induced in the coil per unit rate
of change of current in the same coil.
Coefficient of mutual induction is defined as the e.m.f induced in the secondary coil per unit
rate of change of current in the primary coil (neighbouring coil).
SI Unit of co-efficient of self induction is henry (H) in SI system or volt A1 s.
Dimensions of self induction are [L2M1T2A2]
B.
R
=
.(ii)
R+r+X L
where, X = series resistance
2
5
101 =
.[From (i) and (ii)]
5 +1+ X 4
5
6 + X = 20
4
6 + X = 25
X = 25 6 = 19
A resistance of 19 should be connected in series.
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[1]
17
Q.8. A.
e =
+e =
charge of electron
charge on the nucleus
vn
+e
rn
e2
1
2
40
rn
mv 2n =
1 e2
40 rn
.(i)
The revolving electron in the circular orbit has linear speed and hence it possesses
kinetic energy.
It is given by,
K.E =
1
mv 2n
2
K.E =
1
2
K.E =
e2
8 0 rn
ii.
1 e2
. [From equation (i)]
40 rn
.(ii)
[1]
e = charge on electron.
18
P.E =
1 e
(e)
40 rn
P.E =
e 2
1
rn
40
P.E =
e2
4 0 rn
.(iii)
[]
Physics
e2
e2
=
+
80 rn 4 0 rn
1 e2
.
8 0 rn
En =
En =
iv.
h2
But, rn = 0 2 n 2
me
e2
80 rn
.(iv)
[]
En =
1
e2
8 0 0 h 2 2
n
2
me
1
e2 me2
80 0 h 2 n 2
me4 1
En = 2 2 2
80 h n
.(v)
This is required expression for energy of electron in nth orbit of Bohrs hydrogen atom.
v.
The negative sign in equation (v) shows that the electron is bound to the nucleus by an
attractive force and hence energy must be supplied to the electron in order to make it
free from the influence of the nucleus.
vi.
me 4
= constant
80 2 h 2
[]
En
1
n2
Hence, the total energy of electron in a Bohrs orbit is inversely proportional to the
square of the principal quantum number.
[]
The amount of energy required to separate all the nucleons from the nucleus is called
binding energy of the nucleus.
[1]
19
0
0
[]
1
1
9
9
230 10
180 10
[]
6.63 3 1026 23 18
108
23 18
6.63 3 5
1018
=
23 18
=
20
= 0.2402 1018
K.E.max = 2.402 1019 J
The maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electron is 2.402 1019 J.
2.402 1019
eV
=
1.6 1019
= antilog [log (2.402) log (1.6)]
= antilog [0.3806 0.2041]
= antilog [0.1765]
= 1.5 eV
The maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electron is 1.5 eV.
[1]
[1]