GeoStreamer Technology:

Complete Waveform Imaging (CWI) Johan Sverdrup Case Study

J.E.Lie (Lundin), M. Farouki, G. Rnholt, . Korsmo, B. Danielsen, S.Brown,
S. Brandsberg-Dahl, A.V. Mavilio, N. Chemingui, D.Whitmore (PGS)
Presented by Rick Irving
2014 HAGI Workshop
Bandung, June 23rd 2014

Overview

Survey background

Brief description of CWI technology

Case Study - Johan Sverdrup

Summary & Conclusions

Introduction: Johan Sverdrup Case Study

1st proprietary 3D Dual-Sensor survey, 2009

1600km2 over Luno discovery, North Sea
Led to Johan Sverdrup discovery in 2010 - largest oil discovery in last 10 years

Legacy 3D

3D OBC

Dual-Sensor 3D

Johan Sverdrup Field

Low relief oil reservoir covering 180 km2 - porous Jurassic sandstone at 1900m
Recoverable reserves estimate: 1.7 - 3.3 billion barrels
Large uncertainty due to complex shallow section, weathered basement & conglomerates
Reprocessed many times by numerous contractors - unable to tie well
Accurate depth measurement crucial for estimating reserves and field development
Reprocessing using Complete Wavefield Imaging technology

Overview

Survey background

Brief description of CWI technology

hyperTomo - Reflection tomography
FWI - Full waveform Inversion
SWIM - Separated Wavefield Imaging

Case Study

Summary & Conclusions

Complete Wavefield Imaging (CWI)

The Multiple Benefits of GeoStreamer
hyperTomo using Primary Reflections
Separated Wavefield Imaging (SWIM) using Multiples
FWI using Refractions & Diving Waves

GeoStreamer - Dual-Sensor Acquisition

Wavefield Separation

Notch Diversity

Multi-Sensor streamer technology.

Conventional hydrophone-only
streamer.

Vector measurement incorporates particle velocity.

Scalar measurement pressure only.

Acquisition solution.

Processing solution.

Benefits
Broader bandwidth.
No flat sea assumption.
Insensitive to sea surface & receiver
depth variations.
Deterministic Workflow;
No multi-dimensional transforms.
No artificial whitening.
4D compliant.
Pre-stack amplitude & phase integrity.
Quantitatively accurate AVO/AVA, QI.
Processing & Imaging applications
using separated wavefields.

Broader bandwidth.

Wavefield Separation

Leveraging wavefields from dual-sensor system

Velocity model building workflow

SEISMIC EVENT

WAVEFIELD

ALGORITHM

APPLICATION

PRIMARY REFLECTIONS

UPGOING

TOMOGRAPHY

Background model for

robust FWI

REFRACTIONS

RAW HYDROPHONE

FWI

Hi-res iterative approach

for model 0-500m

MULTIPLES

UP- & DOWN-GOING

SWIM

Validation of shallow
overburden

PRIMARY REFLECTIONS

UPGOING

TOMOGRAPHY

Hi-res update for deep

overburden & target

Wavelet Shift Tomography - hyperTomo

1. Decompose input data into wavelets

2. Migrate wavelets

Beam Migration

map from data to model space

3. Estimate 3D residual for each wavelet
data and model space attributes preserved

RMO

4. Form equation for each wavelet

5. Invert for velocity update

Iterative Tomography

Full Waveform Inversion

Refines the velocity model by
iterative matching of modelled
data with recorded data
Refraction-based FWI
Driven by refractions and diving
waves
Shallow updates
Minimum pre-processing,
Reflection-based FWI
Designed for use with
backscattered arrivals
Allows for deep updates
Preprocessing required

- Requires input data with low frequencies

- Ideally suited to broad-band seismic data
- Provides short wavelength velocity information
Etgen & Brandsberg-Dahl: The pseudo-analytical method:
Application to acoustic wave propagation. SEG 2009

Imaging with separated wavefields - SWIM

Primaries
S

Multiples
R

1-Way WEM is reconfigured to use up-going & down-going wavefields to image the
earth with free surface multiple data
Replace S (forward propagated shot - impulse wavelet) with down-going wavefield
Replace R (back-propagated P-total at receivers) with up-going wavefield
Apply imaging condition
More extensive illumination of earth; areal wide azimuth source array

First commercial SWIM application

Lundin Malaysia - PM307
70-90m shallow water
Streamers 12 x 4050m @ 75m
Dual-source, 18.75m spacing
SWIM subset:
47 sail lines
427 km = 51,000 shots

Data output:
6.25m x 8.75m bins (P-UP)

SWIM
subset

Limited trial:
Migration pursued to 60Hz
No velocity update
No anisotropy investigation
Long et al: Mitigation of the 3D cross-line
acquisition footprint using wavefield separation
of dual-sensor streamer seismic data.
PGCE 2013 Kuala Lumpur

Time slice 120ms Conventional WEM

Time slice 120ms SWIM

PSDM of Primaries - xline

SWIM - xline

Overview

Survey background

Brief description of CWI technology

Case Study:
Complete Waveform Imaging (CWI) Advanced Depth Imaging using Primaries, Multiples & Refractions

Summary & Conclusions

CWI workflow
hyperTomo

Background model match refracted

events in modeled and real data

FWI

Iterative approach model down to

600 m below water bottom

SWIM

SWIM gathers and stack for validation

of the shallow overburden

hyperTomo

High resolution tomographic update

for deep overburden and target

18

CWI - Complete Wavefield Imaging

Noise becomes useful

Full Waveform Inversion

(FWI) Exploits low frequency
content from dual-sensor
streamer acquisition

Separated Wavefields Imaging (SWIM) Yields greater illumination from multiples

Beam gathers (2012 PSDM model)

chalk

Reflection tomography - chalk layer updated (model provided by Lundin)

Beam gathers (hyperTomo model)

chalk

hyperTomo high resolution chalk layer update

Shot record filtered 3-10hz

Shot record filtered 3-5hz

Low frequencies captured in Dual-Sensor raw hydrophone

Kirchhoff PSDM stack - input to FWI

Kirchhoff PSDM stack - FWI velocity model

channels

gas caps
Shale
plug

Kirchhoff PSDM gathers - input model

Kirchhoff PSDM gathers - FWI velocity model

Solving for refraction velocities corresponds

to flattening primary reflections

FWI velocity, depth = 240m

FWI velocity, depth = 240m

Gas

Channels

Buried
pockmarks

Shale
Plug

PSDM image and FWI velocity overlay, depth = 240m

FWI velocity, depth = 320m

PSDM image and FWI velocity overlay, depth = 320m

SWIM vs Kirchhoff PSDM

KIRCHHOFF PSDM STACK

SWIM STACK

Shallow hazards

High fold

SWIM 3D view - 250m depth

Seismic - Imaging of multiples

SWIM 3D view with FWI model overlay

Velocity Model from refractions

Comparison SWIM and Kirchhoff at 225m depth slice

KIRCHHOFF PSDM STACK

SWIM STACK

Resolution of channel

Shallow hazards

Illumination

SWIM - gathers for velocity model building

SWIM stack

SWIM common
angle gathers

Kirchhoff common
offset gathers

PSDM - Input

Depth mistie
Uncertainty in
estimating reserves;
1.7 - 3.3 billion barrels

PSDM - Revised
Robust, high-resolution
velocity model in near
surface, 0-500m.

Impact at target:
- Well ties seismic
- Oil/Water contact
defined
- Confident estimation of
reserves

Overview

Survey background

Brief description of CWI technology

Case Study:

Summary & Conclusions

Complete Wavefield Imaging

Dual-Sensor Acquisition
Wavefield separation
FWI

SWIM

Exploits GeoStreamer low frequencies

Exploits near surface illumination

REFRACTIONS

MULTIPLES

High resolution shallow velocity model

Validation of shallow velocity model

Reflection Tomography
Exploits GeoStreamer S/N
PRIMARIES

High resolution velocity model at depth

Beam

Kirch

WEM

RTM

Summary
The dual sensor broadband solution provides:
- an acquisition platform for Wavefield Separation
- improved S/N reflection data
- low frequencies important for FWI
- ability to exploit multiples for superior illumination
- Complete Wavefield Imaging
Modern imaging technologies are applied to a vintage dual-sensor 3D survey
for hi-res velocity model building and imaging:
- Independently, shallow small-scale features correlate very well:
- velocity model built from refraction FWI
- imaging of primaries
- imaging of multiples
- Significantly impacts correct structural imaging at target.

Thank you for your attention!