MANAJEMEN KESUBURAN TANAH

Semester Ganjil 2014/2015

EHN (5 September 2014)

Materi 7: Perawatan Kesuburan Tanah

Hari
Senin

Jam

Ruang

Kelas

13:20 - 15:00

TNH-A2

07:30 - 09:10

TNH-A2

11:00 - 12:40

TNH-A2

Kamis 11:00 - 12:40

TNH-A1

Selasa

8/9
EHN
K-10
SRU
9/9
EHN
K-10
SRU
9/9
EHN
K-10
SRU
11/9
EHN
K-10
SRU

15/9
EHN
K-11
SRU
16/9
EHN
K-11
SRU
16/9
EHN
K-11
SRU
18/9
EHN
K-11
SRU

22/9
EHN
K-12
SRU
23/9
EHN
K-12
SRU
23/9
EHN
K-12
SRU
25/9
EHN
K-12
SRU

29/9
EHN
K-13
SRU
30/9
EHN
K-13
SRU
30/9
EHN
K-13
SRU
2/10
EHN
K-13
SRU

6/10
EHN
K-14
SRU
7/10
EHN
K-14
SRU
7/10
EHN
K-14
SRU
9/10
EHN
K-14
SRU

13/10
EHN
K-15
SRU
14/10
EHN
K-15
SRU
14/10
EHN
K-15
SRU
16/10
EHN
K-15
SRU

20/20
EHN
K-16
SRU
21/10
EHN
K-16
SRU
21/10
EHN
K-16
SRU
23/10
EHN
K-16
SRU

Maintenance of Soil Fertility

Soil fertility is the most important asset of a nation.
Maintenance of soil fertility is an important aspect of agriculture.
Nutrients are continuously removed from the soil by crops in

addition to losses by leaching and erosion.

It is estimated that different agricultural crops in Indonesia remove
annually about 4.27 million tonnes of nitrogen, 2.13 million
tonnes of P2O5 7.42 million tonnes of and 4.88 million tonnes of
CaO.
It is therefore, imperative that sound soil and crop management
practices are adopted to improve and maintain soil fertility and
soil physical conditions for the purpose of sustained crop
production

Application of manures and

fertilizers
long term application of organic manures and chemical

fertilizers helps to improve and maintain soil fertility, soil

productivity and soil physical conditions.
soil fertility and agricultural production can be maintained
only by efficient and judicious management of nutrient
addition to the soil from external sources.
Of the two sources most widely used allover the world, one
is organic in nature the organic manures, simply called
manures, and the other comprises the synthetic or naturally
occurring chemical fertilizers, simply called fertilizers

Selection of proper crops and

cropping practices
The role of leguminous crops in symbiotically fixing

nitrogen from the air and thus increasing the yield of the crop
has been known since time immemorial.The idea of
including a legume in the sequence stems from this
observation.
Cropping system that influences on the dynamics of soil
fertility requires a fairly long period of trials, because of
native soil fertility, carry over effect of previous cropping and
manuring, seasonal variations etc.

Selection of proper crops and

cropping practices
Good crop rotation: increases organic matter, nitrogen

supply and improved structure of soil.

These effects are observed especially with deep rooted legumes

or crops capable of bringing plant nutrients from the lower

layers of soil and leaving them as crop residues in the upper
layers. Nutrients so fetched can be utilized by shallow rooted
crops. Deep rooted crops also contribute to increased
permeability of soil at lower depth to air and water.
The other benefits of crop rotations are keeping soil under

crop cover for most of the year, control of run-off, soil

erosion and efficient use of fertilizers.

Application of soil conservation

practices
Loss of plant nutrients and water from the soil due to soil

erosion can be checked effectively and the fertility of the soil

can be maintained by application of various biological and
engineering methods of soil conservation.

Water supply and drainage

Water supply is a critical factor in crop production in most

20 areas of the world. Soil moisture greatly affects the

availability of mineral nutrients in the soil.
Drainage and moisture control can influence micro-nutrient
availability. In soi1s improving the drainage of acid so11s
encourages the formation of less toxic oxidized forms of iron
and manganese.

Stabilization of soil pH
The stabilization of soil pH through application of soil

amendments and buffering seems to be an effective guard

against the problems of non-availability of certain plant
nutrients and radical changes in microbial activities arising
due to change in soil pH.

Adopting proper tillage practices

Faulty tillage practices expose soil to different kinds of

erosions such as soil erosion and thus, cause a great loss to

soil fertility.This can be prevented to a great deal by adopting
the right kind of tillage practices.
Normally, while preparing field for the next crop, various
operations such as ploughing, harrowing, leveling, etc. are
carried out to break up the clods and loosen the soil.

Prevention of inorganic chemica1

contamination of soil
Loss of soil fertility due to application of toxic chemicals as

pesticides can be eliminated if application of toxic chemicals

to soil is reduced and the soil crops are so managed to
prevent cycling of toxic chemicals

Control of weeds
Weeds compete with main crop for water, nutrients, air and

light.They remove a lot of nutrients from the soil.They are

also alternate host plants for different insect pests and disease
causing microorganisms.
Therefore, weed control is very essential to maintain soil
fertility and soil productivity.
Weeds can be controlled by sowing weed free seeds,
uprooting of the weed plants from the crops, smothering
weeds through mulching, burning of weeds, applying
weedicides and also employing biological agents to kill
weeds.

Akhir materi 7
Minggu depan; UTS