ABSTRACT

This lab consist of two experiments, the first experiment is measuring coil resistance of
transformer. The structure of transformer should be checked up before experimenting and
measuring method of primary and secondary coil resistance by using Transformer Trainer
(WSM-24). Since the primary and secondary coil resistance of transformer is different according
to the temperature, measuring is usually being done in the normal temperature. It is simple and
correct to measure resistances by the voltage drop method using DC variable power supply
devices. If too much current is flowed so that temperature increases, it becomes difficult to
measure the exact resistance.
The second experiment is impedance transformer, consider an ideal transformer. It should
be proved that the resistance and reactance value of transformer can be changed by capacitance.
In this experiment also use Transformer Trainer (WSM-24). Impedance between both terminals
of primary coil is the value to multiply resistance connected to between both ends of secondary
coil, to the square of turn ratio.

INTRODUCTION
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two or more circuits
through electromagnetic induction. A varying current in the transformer's primary winding
creates a varying magnetic flux in the core and a varying magnetic field impinging on the
secondary winding. This varying magnetic field at the secondary induces a varying electromotive
force (EMF) or voltage in the secondary winding. Making use of Faraday's Law in conjunction
with high magnetic permeability core properties, transformers can thus be designed to efficiently
change AC voltages from one voltage level to another within power networks.

Transformer Trainer (WSM-24)

This equipment contains three single transformers.
The equipment can be experiment of principal, current ratio, polarity, parallel connection
etc.
Also voltmeter & ampere meter attached in outside for convenient experiment.

A coil constructed for the purpose of offering a certain resistance to a steady current. This
resistance may be for the purpose of carrying out quantitative tests, as in Wheatstone bridge
work (see Wheatstone's Bridge), or simply to reduce the intensity of a current. For the first class
of work the coils are wound so as to prevent the creation of a magnetic field. This is affected by
first doubling the wire without breaking it, and then starting at the bend the doubled wire, which
is insulated, is wound on a bobbin or otherwise until a proper resistance is shown by actual
measurement. The coils are generally contained or set in closed boxes with ebonite tops. Blocks
of brass are placed on the top, and one end from one coil and one end from the next connect with
the same block. By inserting a plug, P, so as to connect any two blocks, which have grooves
reamed out for the purpose, the coil beneath will be short circuited. German silver, platinoid or
other alloy, q. v., is generally the material of the wire. A great object is to have a wire whose
resistance will be unaffected by heat.

An impedance transformer is a device which makes impedance at its output port appears
as different impedance at its input port. In waveguide, this device is simply a short length of
waveguide. Especially useful is the quarter-wave impedance transformer which has a length of
g/4. This device can turn capacitances into inductances and vice versa. It also has the useful
property of turning shunt-connected elements into series-connected elements and vice versa.
Series-connected .elements are otherwise difficult to implement in waveguide.

Results
Exercise 1

Figure 1: Current 0.1A

Figure 2: Current 0.2A

Figure 3: Current 0.3A

Figure 4: Current 0.4A

Figure 5: Current 0.4A

Voltage (V)

Primary Coil
Current (A)

Coil
Resistance, R
()
0.6
0.1
6
1.1
0.2
5.5
1.7
0.3
5.7
2.2
0.4
5.5
2.8
0.5
5.6
Average Resistance Value = 5.66

Voltage (V)

Secondary Coil
Current (A)

Coil
Resistance, R
()
0.5
0.1
5
0.9
0.2
4.5
1.4
0.3
4.7
1.9
0.4
4.8
2.3
0.5
4.6
Average Resistance Value = 4.72

Table 1: Result table for each current value

Exercise 2

Figure 6: Measurement for 110V

Figure 7: Measurement for 220V

Load
Resistance load ()

Input Voltage, E1
Primary Current, I 1
(V)
(A)
110
0.114
220
0.286
Average Impedance
Table 2: Result for exercise 2

Primary Impedance, Z1
()
964.9
769.2
867.05

Discussion
1. What are the ways to reduce error in measuring coil resistance of transformer?
The resistance should be measured in ideal temperature to reduce losses in the coil
resistance

2. What is rated load current of transformer to experiment with?

The current increase due to increase of voltage in the experiment

3. Is the impedance conversion of a transformer related to turn ratio?

Yes, where Z

N1 V1

N 2 V2

4. There is a transformer of voltage ratio, 2400/120 [V].

Resistor of 3[] is connected to the lower-voltage side transformer.
Calculate resistance value being generated between both terminals of higher-voltage side.
N
2400
Z 2 R
3 60
120
N1

5. a) There is a transformer coupled completely. When the number of primary coil turns is
550, and that of secondary transformer coil turns is 220, a condenser of 10F is
connected to between both terminals of primary coil side. Calculate condenser value
being generated in the coil of 220 turns.
2

N
Xc2 2 * Xc1
N1
2

220
Xc2
*10
550
Xc2 1.6

b) If it is an ideal transformer, is the value of condenser affected by the magnitude of

frequency?
No.
6. There is transformer primary sides are inductance of 2.5[mH] and secondary side are
inductance of 2.2[H].What is the turn ratio of this transformer?
2

C2 N 2

30
C1 N1

Conclusion
To get ideal measurement of resistance for a transformer winding, the measurement should be
taken at low temperature. This is because the resistance will increase as the temperature of the
winding increases.