Grammar Chart

Focus on Grammar 2
Grammar Chart Transparencies

The purpose of the grammar charts is to help students notice the form of the structure, to pre-teach some of
the grammar notes that follow, and to familiarize students with grammar terminology.The Focus on Grammar
(FOG) transparencies give instructors a tool to more effectively engage students in class as they tackle a new
grammar point together.
Here are some suggestions for using the transparencies.
Ask questions that will help students become aware of the form of the structure. For example, for a
review of the simple past (Unit 29, page 281), read the statement, I stayed home and ask the class to name
the verb. (Stayed.) Ask students what form it is. (The simple past form.) Ask students if the form is regular or
irregular. (Regular.)
Have students use the examples in the charts to practice the form. In the When, What + Noun unit (Unit
11, page 103), you might ask students to look at the examples in the chart and change some of the elements. (When is Independence Day in the United States? When is Election Day in the United States?).
Use the charts with Grammar in Context. Ask students to look at Grammar in Context and find examples
that illustrate the points in the grammar charts. Students can also use the grammar terms in the charts to
label items in Grammar in Context.
Compare charts. For example, in Unit 8, page 71, compare affirmative and negative statements in the simple present. Ask, Which kind of statement uses do/does (not)? (Negative statement.) Ask, Do you use the
base form for the affirmative or the negative? (You use it for the negative, and with I, you, we, and they in
the affirmative.)
Help students understand grammar terminology through the use of the charts. All Focus on Grammar
charts are clearly labeled. (Affirmative/Negative, Yes/No Questions, Wh- Questions, Subject, Base Form,
Subject Pronoun, Object Pronoun, etc.) Ask questions to make certain students understand what the labels
mean.
Use the charts to practice items from a list. For example, in Unit 38, page 387, students could practice the
modals by making up sentences about themselves and classmates. Instead of I would like some help,they
could say, I would like some water, You should wear a coat, or I ought to plan a trip.
Ask students to provide personal examples. For example, in Unit 28, page 275, students could say a few
things using gerunds and infinitives, I enjoy singing, I want to teach, and I hope to teach music.
Guidelines provided by Irene E. Schoenberg
Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Grammar Presentation
THE PRESENT OF BE: STATEMENTS
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
Singular
Plural
Subject
Be
Subject
am
You
are
Masami and I
We
You and Josh
You
David
He
Victoria
She
Be
students.
are
popular.
Ivona and Juan

They
is
Seoul and London

They
Soccer
It
cities.
Contractions
I am
Im
you are youre
we are
were
you are youre
he is
hes
they are theyre
she is
shes
David is Davids
it is
its
(continued)
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 1
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS AND CONTRACTIONS (SHORT FORMS)

Singular
Plural
Subject + Be/Not
Subject + Be/Not
I am not
Im not
We are not
Were not
We arent
You are not

Youre not
You arent
His is not
Hes not
He isnt
from London.
in London.
They are not

Theyre not
They arent
She is not
Shes not
She isnt
It is not
Its not
It isnt
You are not

Youre not
You arent
new.
THE PRESENT OF BE: YES/NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
YES/NO QUESTIONS
SHORT ANSWERS
Singular
Singular
Yes
No
Be
Subject
Am
you are.
youre not.
you arent.
Are
you
I am.
Im not.
he
Is
in room 2?
Yes,
he is.
she is.
shes not.
she isnt.
it
it is.
its not.
it isnt.
Plural
Subject
Yes
we
Are
hes not.
he isnt.
she
Plural
Be
No,
you
No
youre not.
you arent.
you are.
on time?
they
Yes,
we are.
they are.
No,
were not.
we arent.
theyre not.
they arent.
OTHER SHORT ANSWERS

Yes.
No.
I dont know.
Yes, I think so.

No, I dont think so.
THE PAST OF BE; PAST TIME MARKERS
Singular
Subject
Be
was
You
were
He
She
It
Plural
Time Marker
in Kyoto
last year.
Subject
Be
We
You
They
were
Time Marker
in Toronto
two weeks
ago.
was
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Plural
Singular
Subject
Be/Not
was not
wasnt
You
He
She
It
were not
werent
Time Marker
at the party
Subject
Be/Not
We
You
They
were not
werent
Time Marker
at the party
last night.
last night.
was not
wasnt
(continued)
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Singular
Be
Subject
Was
Were
you
Was
he
she
it
Plural
Time Marker
at the party
last night?
Be
Subject
Were
we
you
they
Time Marker
at the party
two weeks
ago?
PAST TIME MARKERS

yesterday
the day before yesterday
last _____ (night, week, year)
(a week, two weeks, a month, two months) _____ ago
SINGULAR AND PLURAL COUNT NOUNS; PROPER NOUNS
Singular Nouns (one)
Plural Nouns (more than one)
He is a photographer.
He is an artist.
They are photographers.

They are artists.
Irregular Plural Nouns

Singular
Plural
man
woman
child
foot
tooth
person
men
women
children
feet
teeth
people
Nouns That Are Always Plural

pants
scissors
clothes
glasses
Proper Nouns
Harlem is in New York City.
Maya Angelou has a home in Harlem.
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES
Noun
Be
The room
is
The rooms
are
Adjective
small.
Adjective
It is a
small
They are
Noun
room.
rooms.
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
The glasses are between

the book and the watch.
The glasses are

next to the newspaper.
The glasses are

behind the box.
The glasses are

under the table.
The glasses are

in his pocket.
The glasses are on the table

near the window.
The man is
in back of the woman.
The man is in front of

the woman.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH WHO, WHAT, WHERE, AND WHY
Answers
Questions
Question
Word
Be
Who
are
What
Short Answers
Long Answers
Ren Magritte and

Salvador Dali?
Artists.
Theyre artists.
is
The Son of Man?
A painting.
Its a painting.
Where
are
Magritte and Dali from?
Belgium and Spain.
Magritte is from Belgium

and Dali is from Spain.
Why
is
the museum closed?
Its Monday.
The museum is closed

because its Monday.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Affirmative Statements
Subject
I
You*
We
They
He
She
It
Negative Statements
Verb
Subject
Do not /Does not
Base Form of Verb
work.
I
You*
We
They
do not
dont
work.
works.
He
She
It
does not
doesnt
work.
*You is both singular and plural.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: YES/NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
Short Answers
Yes/No Questions
Do/Does
Subject Base Form of Verb
Do
I
you*
we
they
Does
work?
he
she
it
Afrmative
Yes,
you
I/we
you
they
he
she
it
Negative
do.
No,
does.
you
I/we
you
they
dont.
he
she
it
doesnt.
*You is both singular and plural.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: WH- QUESTIONS; SHORT AND LONG ANSWERS
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Do/Does
Subject
Base Form of Verb
When
do
sleep?
Where
do
you
sleep?
What
do
we
need?
Why
does
he
get up
late?
Who(m)
does
she
dream
about?
How
does
it
feel?
Short Answers
Long Answers
From 10:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M.
You sleep from 10:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M.
On the futon.
I sleep on the futon.
Two pillows.
We need two pillows.
He goes to bed late.
He gets up late because he goes to bed late.
A movie star.
She dreams about a movie star.
Good.
The blanket feels good.
Wh- Questions About the Subject

Wh- Word
Verb
Who
dreams?
What
happens
Answers
Everyone does.
during REM sleep?
People dream.
QUESTIONS WITH WHEN AND WHAT + NOUN; PREPOSITIONS OF TIME;
ORDINAL NUMBERS
When
When
When
Verb
is
Independence Day in the United States?
What + Noun
What
What
What
Answers
Its on July 4th.

On July 4th.
July 4th.
Answers
Noun
day
time
is his graduation?
Its on Monday.
On Monday.
Monday.
does it start?
Its at 2:00.
At 2:00.
2:00.
(continued)
Prepositions of Time
Her graduation is
in December.
in (the) winter.
in 2007.
in the morning.
in the afternoon.
in the evening.
Is your birthday
on Wednesday?
on December 25th?
The party is
at 7:30.
at night.
Ordinal Numbers
1st = first
2nd = second
3rd = third
4th = fourth
5th = fifth
6th = sixth
7th = seventh
8th = eighth
9th = ninth
10th = tenth
11th = eleventh
12th = twelfth
13th = thirteenth
14th = fourteenth
15th = fifteenth
16th = sixteenth
17th = seventeenth
18th = eighteenth
19th = nineteenth
20th = twentieth
21st = twenty-first
30th = thirtieth
32nd = thirty-second
40th = fortieth
43rd = forty-third
50th = fiftieth
60th = sixtieth
70th = seventieth
80th = eightieth
90th = ninetieth
100th = hundredth
101st = one hundred and first
POSSESSIVE NOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES; QUESTIONS WITH WHOSE
Possessive Nouns
Singular Nouns
Plural Nouns
Johns last name is Tamez.

Russs last name is Stram.
The girls gym is on this floor.
My mothers name is Rita.

The womans name is Carmen.
My parents car is in the garage.

The womens restroom is on the first floor.
Possessive Adjectives
Subject Pronouns
Possessive
Adjectives
Example Sentences
My
I am a student. My name is Antonio.
You
Your
You are next to me. Your seat is here.
He
His
He is a professor. His subject is computers.
She
Her
Shes my boss. Her name is Ms. Alvarado.
It
Its
Its my sisters dog. Its name is Lucky.
We
Our
We are businessmen. Our business is in the United States and Asia.
You
Your
You are students. Your class is in room 405.
They
Their
They are musicians. Their band is great.
Questions with Whose

Questions
Answers
Whose hair is long?
Carmens.
Carmens is.
Carmens hair is long.
Whose eyes are green?
Svetlanas.
Svetlanas are.
Svetlanas eyes are green.
Whose homework is this?
Yokos.
Its Yokos.
Its Yokos homework.
Whose books are these?
Kens.
Theyre Kens.
Theyre Kens books.
THIS / THAT / THESE / THOSE
Singular
This / That
Verb
This
is
That
was
Plural
These / Those
Verb
a good photo.
These
are
new photos.
in Bryce.
Those
are
from my last trip.
Singular
This / That
Noun
Verb
This
photo
is
That
photo
has
Plural
These / Those
Noun
Verb
clear.
These
horses
are
tired.
nice colors.
Those
horses
are
rested.
QUESTIONS WITH OR AND ANSWERS

Questions with or
Answers
Are you hungry or thirsty?
Im thirsty.
Do you usually walk or drive?
I usually drive.
ONE
I dont need
I need a
A / An
Singular Count Noun

or Noun Phrase
a
an
pen.
original copy.
Adjective
Singular
Count Noun
gray
shirt.
This / That
One
This
That
one
I have one.
He needs a blue one.
is my book.
is Marcos.
ONES
The
Adjective
Plural Count
Noun
gray
sweatshirts
are twenty dollars.
The gray ones are twenty dollars.
IT
Wheres
Wheres
Wheres
The
Noun
It
the
CD?
Its on the table.
Possessive Adjective
Noun
It
your
watch?
Its in the drawer.
This/That
Noun
It
that
book?
Its on my desk.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Subject
Be
I
You
Base Form of
Verb + -ing
Subject
Be
am
am
are
You
are
He
She
Negative Statements
Base Form of
Verb + -ing
not
flying.
He
is
eating.
She
It
It
We
We
You
Not
are
They
You
is
are
They
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: YES/NO QUESTIONS AND WH- QUESTIONS
Yes/No Questions
Short Answers
Base Form of
Verb + -ing
Be
Subject
Am
you
are.
youre
Are
you
am.
Im
Is
he
she
it
he
she
it
is.
Are
we
you
they
you
we
they
are.
working?
Afrmative
Yes,
Negative
hes
shes
its
No,
not.
youre
were
theyre
Wh- Questions
Answers
Wh- Word
Be
Subject
Base Form of Verb + -ing
Why
are
you
staying home?
Im sick.
What
are
you
watching?
The I Love Lucy show.
Who
is
he
meeting?
His teacher.
Hes meeting his teacher.
Where
are
they
going?
To the movies.
Theyre going to the movies.
Wh- Questions about the Subject
Answers
Wh- Word
Be
Base Form of Verb + ing
Who
is
reading?
My friend (is).
What
is
happening?
Theyre making candy.
THE IMPERATIVE
Affirmative
Base Form
of Verb
Write
to the magazine.
Negative
Dont
Base Form
of Verb
Dont
send
money.
CAN/CANT FOR ABILITY AND POSSIBILITY;
COULD FOR PAST ABILITY
Affirmative and Negative Statements
Subject
Can / Could
Base Form of Verb
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
can
cant
could
couldnt
speak Spanish.
Yes/No Questions
Can/Could
Subject
Base Form of Verb
Can
Could
you
understand?
Answers
Yes, we can understand.
No, we cant understand.
Yes, we could understand.
No, we couldnt understand.
SUGGESTIONS
Negative
Affirmative
Lets
Base Form
of Verb
Lets
go
to the beach.
Lets
Not
Base Form
of Verb
Lets
not
go
Suggestions for a Group

Base Form
Why Dont We
of Verb
Why dont we
go
on a bike tour?
to the beach.
Suggestions for Another Person

Why Dont You
Base Form
of Verb
Why dont you
get
the cameras?
RESPONSES
Agree
Disagree
OK.
Thats a good idea. (Good idea.)
That sounds good to me. (Sounds good to me.)
Sounds like a plan.
No, I dont feel like it.

Why dont we . . . instead.
Sorry, not today.
I cant. I . . .
THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBSAFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Negative Statements
Base Form of Verb
Subject
Did Not
Base Form of Verb
walked.
arrived.
studied.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
did not
didnt
walk.
arrive.
study.
Common Past Time Markers

Yesterday
Ago
Last
yesterday
yesterday morning
yesterday afternoon
yesterday evening
two days ago

a week ago
a month ago
a year ago
a couple of days ago
last night
last Monday
last week
last summer
last year
THE SIMPLE PAST: IRREGULAR VERBSAFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Negative Statements
Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Verb
Subject
Did not / Didnt
Base Form of Verb
bought
rode
saw
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
did not
didnt
buy
ride
see
the horses.
Affirmative of Be
Subject
Was / Were
He
was
They
were
Negative of Be
Subject
Was / Were
lucky.
wasnt
home.
unlucky.
We
werent
at the library.
the horses.
THE SIMPLE PAST: YES/NO AND WH- QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Yes/No Questions
Did
Subject
Did
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Base Form of Verb
Affirmative Short
Answers
Yes,
start?
you
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
Negative Short
Answers
did.
No,
you
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
didnt.
Wh- Questions
Subject
Base Form
of Verb
What
ask?
You asked about his name.
Where
you
go?
I went to the library. (To the library.)
he
write?
He wrote at night, after work. (At night, after work.)
we
leave?
We went someplace else.
Who(m)
you
call?
I called my friend. (My friend.)
How long
they
stay?
They stayed for an hour. (For an hour.) (An hour.)
Wh- Word
Did
When
Why
did
Answers
Wh- Questions about the Subject

Wh- Word
Past Form of Verb
Who
wrote
What
happened?
Answers
The Hobbit?
J. R. R.Tolkien wrote it. (J. R. R.Tolkien.)

It became a big success.
THERE IS / THERE ARE; IS THERE . . . ? / ARE THERE . . . ?
Affirmative
There
Be
There
is
There
are
Subject
Place/Time
a restaurant
on this level.
a movie
at 6:30.
two restaurants
near the entrance.
shows
at 7:00 and 9:00.
Negative
There
Be
Subject
Place/Time
There
isnt
a restaurant
on the second level.
There
arent
any movies
at 8:00.
Contractions
there is
theres
there is not
there isnt
there are not
there arent
Yes / No Questions
Short Answers
Be
There
Subject
Place
Afrmative
Negative
Is
there
a pizza place
on Second Street?
Yes, there is.
No, there isnt.
Are
there
any banks
nearby?
Yes, there are. No, there arent.
SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
Plural
Singular
Subject
Pronoun
and Verb
Object
Pronoun
Im
Youre
Hes
Shes
Its
me.
you.
him.
her.
it.
happy.
He likes
wonderful.
Subject
Pronoun
and Verb
Object
Pronoun
Were
Youre
Theyre
us.
you.
them.
happy.
He likes
DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECTS

Subject
Verb
Direct Object
To
Indirect Object
She
sent
a tape
it
to
me.
Subject
Verb
Indirect Object
Direct Object
She
sent
me
a tape.
To Before the Indirect Object

e-mail
give
hand
lend
owe
pass
read
sell
show
teach
tell
throw
write
COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS; ARTICLES
Singular Count Nouns
She wants
Plural Count Nouns
Article or
One
Singular
Noun
Number or Plural
Quantier Noun
banana.
seven
an
apple.
a few
one
banana.
apple.
He has
some
friends.
books.
a lot of
many
Non-count Nouns
Quantier
Non-count
Noun
a little
Carol needs
some
help.
a lot of
(continued)
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Singular Count Nouns
I didnt buy
Plural Count Nouns
Article or
One
Singular
Noun
Number or
Quantier
pear.
two
an
apple.
pear.
apple.
one
Plural
Noun
any
pears.
I didnt buy
many
a lot of
The Definite Article The

Count Noun
Non-Count Noun
Plural Count Noun
I need the menu. He has the butter. She has the napkins.
Non-count Nouns
Quantier
Non-count
Noun
any
I didnt buy
much
milk.
a lot of
THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE; HOW OFTEN . . . ?
The Simple Present
The Present Progressive
I eat at eight oclock.

He eats at eight too.
She doesnt eat with me.
They dont eat with us.
Does he eat meat?
Do you eat in the cafeteria?
Im eating now.
Hes eating now.
She isnt eating with him.
They arent eating with us.
Is he eating chicken?
Are you eating chicken?
How Often
do
How often
does
Answers
I
you
we
they
Three times (a day).

take medicine?
he
she
clean?
it
snow?
Once (a week).
Every (Sunday).
Rarely.
Once in a while.
Never.
(continued)
ADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY

Adverbs of Frequency
Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Adverbs of
Frequency
Verb
always
almost always
frequently
usually/often
sometimes
rarely/seldom
almost never
never
work
on Tuesdays.
works
work
Adverbs of Frequency
always
almost always
frequently
usually/often
sometimes
rarely/seldom
almost never
never
Adverbs of Frequency with Be

Subject
Be
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
am
are
is
are
Adverbs of
Frequency
always
almost always
frequently
usually/often
sometimes
rarely/seldom
almost never
never
busy.
Expressions of Frequency
100%
Emiko shops
50%
every (day).
twice (a day).
three times (a month).
several times (a year).
once in a while.
0%
NON-ACTION (STATIVE) VERBS
State
of Being
be
Emotion
love
hate
like
dislike
Sense /
Appearance
Need /
Preference
hear
see
feel
taste
smell
sound
look
want
need
prefer
Mental State
Possession
Measurement
agree
disagree
guess
understand
know
remember
believe
think
mean
have
own
belong
cost
weigh
owe
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
Subject
Verb
Gerund
(Verb + -ing)
enjoy
dancing.
Subject
Verb
Infinitive
want
to sing.
Subject
Verb
Infinitive
or Gerund
like
Verbs +
Gerund
Verbs +
Infinitive
avoid
enjoy
finish
keep
keep on
regret
think about
agree refuse
decide want
expect love
hope
prefer
intend
need
plan
Verbs +
Infinitive or
Gerund
hate
like
painting.
to paint.
THE SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative of Be
Affirmative (All Verbs Except Be)

Subject
Verb
stayed
Subject
Verb
was
We
were
home.
home.
We
went
Negative of Be
Negative (All Verbs Except Be)

Subject
Base Form
of Verb
Did Not (Didnt)
stay
go
did not (didnt)

We
Verb
was not
(wasnt)
We
were not
(werent)
with them.
at work.
Yes / No Questions (All Verbs Except Be)

Did
Subject
Yes / No Questions with Be
Subject Base Form of Verb
Was / Were
Subject
she
Was
he
Were
they
Did
leave?
home last night?
they
Wh- Questions
Wh- Questions with Be
Subject
Base Form
of Verb
Wh- Word
Past Form
Subject
When
they
arrive?
When
were
you
there?
Where
he
work?
Where
was
he
from?
it
begin?
How
was
his
test?
Why
he
leave?
Why
were
they
late?
Who(m)
you
help?
Who(m)
were
they
with?
Wh- Word
How
Did
did
Wh- Questions About the Subject

Wh- Word
Past Form
Who
invented
What
How many
people
Wh- Questions About the Subject with Be

Wh- Word
Past Form
the game?
Who
was
his friend?
happened
to him?
What
was
his last name?
watched
the show?
How many
people
were
there?
BE GOING TO FOR THE FUTURE
Affirmative / Negative Statements
Subject + Be
(Not)
Going to
Base Form of Verb
(not)
going to
study
tomorrow.
(not)
going to
rain
tomorrow.
Im
Youre
Hes
Were
Youre
Theyre
Its
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Be
Subject
Am
Are
you
Is
he
Going to
going to
Base Form of Verb
drive
tomorrow?
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Be
Subject
What
is
she
Where
are
they
How
am
Going to
going to
Afrmative
Negative
Yes, you are.
No, youre not.
Yes, I am.
No, Im not.
Yes, he is.
No, hes not.
Short Answers
Base Form of Verb
do?
Meet her friend.
go?
To the library.
get there?
By plane.
WILL FOR THE FUTURE
Negative Statements
Subject
Will
Base Form of Verb
Time Marker
Subject
You
You
He
He
Base Form of Verb
Time Marker
will not
leave
tonight.
She
She
It
Will Not
will
leave
tomorrow.
It
We
We
You
You
They
They
Contractions
Afrmative
Negative
Ill
you ll
he ll
shell
itll
well
youll
theyll
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
wont
(continued)
Yes / No Questions
Will
Subject
Will
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Will
it
Base Form of Verb
Short Answers
Time Marker
Afrmative
Negative
arrive
tomorrow?
Yes, you will.

Yes, I will.
Yes, he will.
Yes, she will.
Yes, it will.
Yes, you will.
Yes, we will.
Yes, they will.
No, you wont.

No, I wont.
No, he wont.
No, she wont.
No, it wont.
No, you wont.
No, we wont.
No, they wont.
rain
tonight?
Yes, it will.
No, it wont.
Future Time Markers

today
tonight
tomorrow
this
morning
afternoon
evening
tomorrow
morning
afternoon
evening
night
next
week
month
year
Monday
weekend
in
2010
the 22nd century
twenty years
two weeks
a few days
MAY OR MIGHT FOR POSSIBILITY
Affirmative / Negative Statements
Subject
May / Might
(Not)
Base Form of Verb
I
You
He
She
We
You
They
may
might
(not)
play
soccer.
It
may
might
(not)
rain
this afternoon.
QUESTIONS WITH ANY / SOME / HOW MUCH / HOW MANY; QUANTITY EXPRESSIONS
Some and Any
Articles and Numbers
Do you want
Quantity
Expressions
Singular
Count Noun
pear?
an
apple?
one
banana?
Quantity
Expressions
Plural Count Noun

or Non-count Noun
I want
some
apples.
water.
I dont want
any
pears.
tea.
Do you want
any
some
apples?
water?
Answers
Questions with How Much

How Much
Non-count Noun
How much
milk
Quantity Expressions
do you need?
A lot. ( A lot of milk.)
did she buy?
Two quarts. (Two quarts of milk.)

A carton. (A carton of milk.)
A glass. (A glass of milk.)
A little. (A little milk.)
Answers
Questions with How Many

How Many
Plural Count Noun
How many
apples
Quantity Expressions
do we need?
A lot. (A lot of apples.)
did he buy?
One bag. (One bag of apples.)

Two pounds. (Two pounds of apples.)
One or two. (One or two apples.)
A few. (A few apples.)
Enough + Nouns
Enough
have
We
Noun (Plural Count or Non-count)

vegetables.
enough
dont have
meat.
TOO MUCH / TOO MANY / TOO + ADJECTIVE
There
There
Too Many / Too Few
Plural Count Noun
too many
cars.
too few
parking spaces.
are
Too Much / Too Little
Non-count Noun
too much
noise.
is
too little
light.
Too
Adjective
hot.
Its
too
cold.
POSSESSIVES
Possessive Pronoun
This is my bike.
Mine is red.
That is your bike.
Yours is green.
Is that his pen?
No. His is black.
Is that her book?
No. Hers is at home.
This isnt our classroom.
Ours is on the second floor.
Thats not their car.
Theirs is in a garage.
Its name is Goldy.
Review of Pronouns and Adjectives

Subject Pronoun
Object Pronoun
Possessive Pronoun
me
my
mine
he
him
his
his
she
her
her
hers
it
it
its
we
us
our
ours
you
you
your
yours
they
them
their
theirs
CAN or MAY FOR PERMISSION
Statements
Subject
Can / May
Cant / May Not
Base Form of Verb
You
can
may
start
today.
He
cant
may not
eat
nuts.
Yes / No Questions
Can / May
Subject
Answers
Base Form of Verb
Can
May
have
the day off?
Yes, you can.

Yes, you may.
Sure.
Of course.
Im sorry. Were too busy.
Can
May
help
you?
Yes, thanks.
No, thanks. Im just looking.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Can
Subject
Base Form of Verb
When
can
borrow
Where
can
we
park?
the car?
REQUESTS, DESIRES, AND OFFERS
Polite Requests
Would You / Could You /
Can You (Please)
Base Form of Verb
Would you
Could you
Can you
help
Desires
Subject
Short Answers
me?
Afrmative
Negative
Sure.
Of course.
OK.
Id be glad to.
Sorry, I cant. I have to work.

Id like to, but I cant. I have a
class.
Contractions
Would Like
I would = Id
You
you would = youd
He
he would = hed
some help.
She
would like
to move.
she would = shed
We
we would = wed
You
you would = youd
They
they would = theyd
Offers
Would
Subject
Like
Would
you
like
Short Answers
Afrmative
some blueberries?
Yes, thank you.
to join us?
Yes, I would.
Negative
No, thanks.
MODALS
SHOULD, SHOULDNT, AND OUGHT TO
Subject
I
You
He
She
We
You
They
Should/Ought to
should
should not
(shouldnt)
ought to
It
Base Form of Verb
shake
hands.
be
a surprise.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Should
Subject
Should
we
he
they
Afrmative
Base Form of Verb

wear
a suit?
Yes,
you
he
they
Negative
should.
No,
you
he
they
shouldnt.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Should
What
Subject
Base Form of Verb
do?
we
go?
should
When
(continued)
HAD BETTER AND HAD BETTER NOT

Subject
Had Better
Base Form of Verb
We
had better
(d better)
take
an umbrella.
You
had better not

(d better not)
wear
jeans.
Contractions
I had better Id better
we had better wed better
you had better youd better
you had better youd better
he had better hed better
they had better theyd better
she had better shed better
MODALS
HAVE TO AND DONT HAVE TO
Subject
Have to / Has to
I
You
have to
He
She
has to
We
You
They
have to
It
has to
Base Form of Verb
take
a history class.
be
a three-credit class.
Negative Statements
Subject
Do Not / Does Not
I
You
dont
He
She
doesnt
We
You
They
dont
It
The report
doesnt
Have to
Base Form of Verb
have to
take
a math class.
have to
be
10 pages long.
(continued)
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Do / Does
Subject
Do
I
You
Does
he
she
Do
you
we
they
Does
It
Have to
have to
Base Form of Verb
read
the whole book?
be
a five-page report?
Afrmative
Negative
Yes, you do.

Yes, I do.
No, you dont.

No, I dont.
Yes, he does.
Yes, she does.
No, he doesnt.
No, she doesnt.
Yes, we do.
Yes, you do.
Yes, they do.
No, we dont.
No, you dont.
No, they dont.
Yes, it does.
No, it doesnt.
MUST AND MUSTNT

Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Must
must
must not
(mustnt)
Past of Have to and Must
Base Form of Verb
Subject
arrive
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
early.
Had to
Base Form of Verb
had to
leave
early.
COMPARATIVES
ADJECTIVES
Comparative Forms of Adjectives
Portland, Oregon
is
Comparative
Adjective
Than
bigger
busier
than
Portland, Maine.
more crowded
Comparative Forms of Irregular Adjectives
My map
is
My new office
is
Irregular Comparative
Adjective
Than
better
worse
than
yours.
farther
my old one.
QUESTIONS WITH WHICH

Which
Which + Noun
Which
Noun
Verb
Comparative Adjective
Which
Verb Comparative Adjective
Which
city
is
bigger?
Which
is
bigger?
Which
restaurant
is
more expensive?
Which
is
more expensive?
ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adjective + -ly
Adjective
Adverb
accurate
accurately
bad
badly
careful
carefully
clear
clearly
fluent
fluently
free
freely
loud
loudly
neat
neatly
nervous
nervously
quick
quickly
quiet
quietly
sarcastic
sarcastically
serious
seriously
slow
slowly
Same Adjective
and Adverb Form
Adjective
Adverb
early
early
fast
fast
hard
hard
late
late
long
long
Irregular
Adverb Form
Adjective
Adverb
good
well
ENOUGH; TOO / VERY; AS + ADJECTIVE + AS; SAME / DIFFERENT
Adjective + Enough
Adjective
The melon is
Enough
(Innitive)
ripe
(to eat).
enough
It wasnt
dark
(to see the stars).
Very + Adjective
Its
Too + Adjective
Very
Adjective
very
expensive.
That job was
Too
Adjective
(Innitive)
too
difficult
(to do).
As + Adjective + As
As
This melon is
Adjective
As
small
an orange.
as
This melon isnt
as
tasty
the other one.
The Same As
My first name is
Different From
yours.
The new edition is
the same as
My initials are
the old one.

different from
his.
These books are
those.
The Same + Noun (Noun Phrase) + As

The Same
Noun
As
My bag is
size
yours.
My hair is
length
his.
My eyes are
color
my brothers.
My suitcase was
the same
weight
as
theirs.
My brother is
height
my father.
Irene Stone has
initials
Inez Sanchez.
Jim likes
kind of movies
I do.
SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
Superlative Forms of Adjectives
Superlative Adjective
The emperor penguin
That photo
is
That program
the biggest
of all the penguins.
the funniest
of all.
the most interesting
one on TV.
Superlative Forms of Irregular Adjectives

Superlative Adjective
This
is
the best
photo of all.
We
had
the worst
weather on Saturday.
Her home
is
the farthest
of all.

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Focus on Grammar 2

Grammar Chart Transparencies

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Ivona and Juan

Seoul and London

you are youre

you are youre

they are theyre

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 1

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS AND CONTRACTIONS (SHORT FORMS)

You are not

They are not

You are not

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 1

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

OTHER SHORT ANSWERS

Yes, I think so.

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 2

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 3

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

PAST TIME MARKERS

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 3

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Plural Nouns (more than one)

They are photographers.

Irregular Plural Nouns

Nouns That Are Always Plural

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 4

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 5

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The glasses are between

The glasses are

The glasses are

The glasses are

The glasses are

The glasses are on the table

The man is in front of

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 6

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Ren Magritte and

The Son of Man?

Magritte and Dali from?

Belgium and Spain.

Magritte is from Belgium

the museum closed?

The museum is closed

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 7

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Do not /Does not

Base Form of Verb

*You is both singular and plural.

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 8

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Subject Base Form of Verb

*You is both singular and plural.

Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 9

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Base Form of Verb

From 10:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M.

You sleep from 10:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M.

I sleep on the futon.