Chapter 7 Additional Problems

X7.1 A three-phase, 1200 HP, 2300 V, 60 Hz, RR synchronous machine has Rs 0.2 and
X s 5.6 . When operated with the mechanical load disconnected with rated voltage
and frequency, the field current is adjusted until line current has a minimum value. At
this point, I a 22.1 A , the measured input power is PT 17.5 kW , and the measured
field circuit values are V f 276 V and I f 53.2 A . (a) Determine the rotational losses
(core losses plus friction and windage) for this machine. (b) If the field current,
frequency, and impressed terminal voltage are unchanged, but a mechanical load
requiring 600 HP is attached, predict the power factor, line current, and efficiency.
(a) Using the no-load data,
PFW PT 3I a2 Rs 17,500 3 22.1

0.2 17,793.05 W

(b) Since the no-load current was a minimum value, the machine was operating at
unity power factor. The excitation voltage corresponding to I f 53.2 A can be
determined.
E f Van I a Rs jX s

2300
22.1 0.2 j 5.6 1329.28 5.34 V
3

Since Rs = X s , little error is introduced if Rs is neglected in calculation of the torque

for the loaded condition. From energy balance,
Ps PFW

3Van E f
Xs

sin

or

Ps PFW X s
1 600 746 17,793.05 5.6
31.84
sin

3Van E f
3 2300 / 3 1329.28

sin 1

Based on [7.36],
2300
0 1329.28 31.84
Van E f
3
Ia

130.07 13.77 A
Rs jX s
0.2 j 5.6

Hence,
I a 130.07 A
PFin cos Van I a cos 11.35 0.97 lagging

The losses are

Losses PFW 3I a2 Ra V f I f
Losses 17,793.05 3 130.07

0.2 276 53.2 42,627.17 W

1

100 600 746

100 Ps

91.30%
Ps losses 600 746 42,627.17

X7.2 If the synchronous motor of Problem X7.1 still operates the 600 HP load with terminal
voltage and frequency unchanged, but the field current is increased to 80 A, predict
(a) the input power factor and (b) the leading VARs supplied to the three-phase grid.
Assume that core losses (lumped with friction and windage losses) of Problem X7.1
are valid.
(a) For the new field current, the excitation voltage is
Ef

80
1329.28 1998.92 V
53.2

Assuming Rs negligible,

Ps PFW X s
1 600 746 17,793.05 5.6

sin
19.10

3Van E f
3 2300 / 3 1998.92

sin 1

2300
0 1998.92 19.10
3
Ia

153.45 42.86 A
Rs jX s
0.2 j 5.6
Van E f

PFin cos Van I a cos 42.86 0.733 leading

(b)

QT 3 VL I a sin 3 2300 153.45 sin 42.86

QT 415.80 kVARs

X7.3 If the synchronous motor of Problem X7.1 now supplies rated power to a coupled
mechanical load with rated voltage and frequency applied to the stator and I f 80 A ,
calculate (a) line current and (b) efficiency. Assume that Rs can be neglected in torque
angle determination. Also, assume that core losses have changed negligibly from
Problem X7.1.
(a) The excitation voltage for I f 80 A is determined in Problem X7.2 to be
E f 1998.92 V .

Ps PFW X s
1 1200 746 17,793.05 5.6
39.97
sin

3Van E f
3 2300 / 3 1998.02

sin 1

2300
0 1998.02 39.97
3
Ia

229.46 11.75 A
Rs jX s
0.2 j 5.6
Van E f

or

I a 229.46 A

(b) From the values of V f and I f given in Problem X7.1,

Rf

Vf
If

276
5.19
53.2

Losses PFW 3I a2 Rs I 2f R f
Losses 17,793.05 3 229.46

0.2 80 2 5.19 82,600.18 W

100 1200 746

100 Ps

91.55%
Ps losses 1200 746 82,600.18

X7.4 The synchronous machine of Problem X7.1 is now operated as a 2300 V, 60 Hz

alternator supplying 800 kW to a 0.8 PF lagging load. Field current I f 53.2 A .
Determine the required input mechanical power to drive the rotor and coupled exciter
if the exciter has an efficiency of 91% when supplying the field voltage and current
given in Problem X7.1. Assume the lumped friction and windage losses and core
losses of Problem X7.1 are valid.
Since I f is unchanged from Problem X7.1, E f 1329.28 V is still valid.
Assume Van on the reference.
Ia

PT
800,000

251.02 A
3 VL PF
3 2300 0.8

Ps PT 3I a2 Rs PFW V f I f / ex
Ps 800,000 3 251.02

0.2 17,793.05 276 53.2 / 0.91

Ps 871.73 kW

X7.5 Fig. X7.1 shows the phase a circuit of a three-phase synchronous generator that has a
per phase load consisting of a 5 pure inductive load. The machine is operating at
zero power factor lagging. Determine the ratio E f / Van .

By voltage division,
Van

jX L
j5
Ef
Ef
j XL Xs
j 5 j10

or
Ef
Van

X7.6 Fig. X7.2 shows the phase a circuit of a three-phase synchronous generator that has a
per phase load consisting of a 15 pure capacitive load. The machine is operating at
zero power factor leading. Determine the ratio E f / Van .

By voltage division,
jX C
j15
Ef
Ef
j XC X s
j15 j10

Van

or
Ef
Van

1
3

X7.7 A 3600 rpm, 60 Hz, 13.8 kV synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance of
20 . The generator is operating at rated voltage and speed with the excitation voltage
E f 11.5 kV and the torque angle 15 . Calculate (a) stator current, (b) power
factor, and (c) total output power.
(a)
Ia

E f Van
jX s

13,800
0
3
216.35 46.54 A
2090

11,50015

I a 216.35 A

(b)

(c)

PF cos Van I a cos 46.54 0.688 lagging

PT 3VL I a PF 3 13,800 216.35 0.688 3557.8 kW

X7.8 For the synchronous generator of Problem X7.7, determine (a) the maximum power
that can be converted from mechanical to electrical form without loss of synchronism
if the field current is unchanged and (b) the value of current I a for this condition.
(a) Since 90 ,
3Pd max

E f Van
Xs

11,500 13,800 /
20

4.58 MW

(b)
Ia

E f Van
jX s

13,800
0
3
699.5234.72 A
2090

11,50090

I a 699.52 A

X7.9 A three-phase synchronous generator, rated at 240 V, 50 A, 60 Hz, has the stator
winding schematic of Fig. X7.3. All 12 phase group leads ( a1 , a1 ,L c2 , c2 ) are
available at the generator terminals. In addition to the given rating, list the balanced,
three-phase voltage-current ratings available from the generator by coil reconnection
without mix of phase coils that is, use only phase a coils in phase a connections.

Three additional ratings are possible under the stated constraint.

1. Series connect phase coils and use wye configuration: 480 V, 25 A
2. Series connect phase coils and use delta configuration: 277 V, 43.3 A
3. Leave phase coils parallel-connected and use delta configuration: 139 V,
86.6 A
X7.10 The three-phase synchronous generator of Problem X7.9 is to be reconnected as a
single-phase alternator. What is the largest possible voltage that can be obtained?
Connect the phase coils in series with additive polarity to give
V1 Va1 Va 2 Vb1 Vb 2 Vc1 Vc 2
V1 2770 277 120 277120 5540 V

Or the largest voltage possible is V1 554 V .

X7.11 A 500 MVA, 24 kV, 60 Hz three-phase alternator is operating at rated voltage and
frequency with a terminal power factor of 0.8 lagging. The leakage reactance
X l 0.15 and the synchronous reactance X s 0.8 . Stator coil resistance is
negligible. The excitation voltage E f 18 kV . Determine (a) the torque angle ,
(b) the total output power, (c) the line current I a , and (d) the resultant voltage Er .
(a) The power converted must equal the output power.
3E f I a cos 3Van I a cos

or
Van cos

E f

cos 1

24,000
0.8

3
cos 1
cos 1 0.8 15.12
18,000

(b)
PT

3E f Van
Xs

sin

3 18,000 24,000 / 3
0.8

sin 15.12 244 MW

(c)
Ia

PT

3VL PF

244 106
7337.4 A
3 24,000 0.8

(d)
Er Van jX l I a
Er

24,000
0 0.1590 7337.4 36.87 14,5443.47 V
3

Er 14,544 V

X7.12 A 250 MVA, 24 kV, 60 Hz, three-phase alternator is operating at rated voltage, rated
frequency, and rated apparent power with a terminal power factor of 0.8 lagging.
Stator coil resistance is negligible. The excitation voltage E f 20 kV . Determine (a)
the torque angle and (b) the value of synchronous reactance X s .
(a) Assume Van on the reference.
Ia

ST
cos 1 PF
3VL

250 106
cos 1 0.8 6014.2 36.87 A
3 24,000

Power converted must equal power output.

3E f I a cos 3Van I a cos

or
Van cos

E f

cos 1

24,000
0.8

3
cos 1
cos 1 0.8 19.47
20,000

(b)
E f Van j I a X s

or
Xs

E f Van
j Ia

24,000
0
3

1.38
190 6014.2 36.87
20,00019.47

X7.13 A 100 MVA, 13.8 kV, 60 Hz, salient-pole, synchronous generator with 8 poles has
X d 1.9 and X q 1.1 . The stator coil resistance is negligible. The generator is
supplying rated apparent power at a power factor of 0.866 lagging. Determine the
value of excitation voltage E f and torque angle .
Ia

ST
100 106
cos 1 PF
cos 1 0.866 4183.8 30 A
3 VL
3 13,800

By [3] of Example 7.10,

E f Van jX q I a

13,800
0 1.190 4183.8 30
3

E f 11,01521.21 V

Thus,
E f 21.21
30 21.21 51.21
I d I a sin 4183.8sin 51.21 3261 A
I d I d A

E f E f j X d X q Id
E f 11,01521.21 0.890 3261 68.79
E f 13,623.821.21 V
E f 13,623.8 V

X7.14 For the salient-pole synchronous generator of Problem X7.13, calculate the developed
torque by two methods.
s

2
2
2 60 30 rad / s
p
8

By [7.53] with values from solution of Problem X7.13,

3Td

3Van E f

s X d

sin

3Van2 X d X q
2 s X d X q

sin 2

13,800
13,623.8
3

3Td
sin 21.21
30 1.9
3

13,800

1.9 1.1

3
sin 2 21.21
2 30 1.9 1.1

3Td 918.8 kN m

Alternatively for this machine with Rs 0 ,

100 106 0.866

3Pd PT
3Td

918.8 kN m
s s
30

X7.15 Determine the maximum power that the salient-pole synchronous generator of
Problem X7.13 can convert if the field circuit were open circuit.
In [7.53], set E f 0 , 45 , and multiply by s to give
3Pd max

2
3Van
Xd Xq

2Xd Xq
2

3Pd max

13,800
3
1.9 1.1
3

36.45 MW
2 1.9 1.1