GROUPS

1
ABDULAHAB, RAHIMA UDJAMAN.
ALEJADO, RODEL S..
ARCILLAS, RHEA JOY B.

REPORTS

I. Obligations
1. General Provisions on Obligations
(Art. 1156)
1.1 Definition of Obligation
1.2 Elements
1.3 Sources of obligations
(a) Law
(b) Contract
(c) Acts or omissions punishable by law
(d) Quasi-contract
(e) Quasi-delict
CASES:
Arts. 1156-1170
Ayala Life v. Ray Burton, 479 SCRA
462
Cannu v. Galang, 26 March 2005
Lalicon v. NHA, 13 July 2011
Cathay Pacific v. Vazquez, 14
March 2003
Art. 1169
Pantaleon v. American Express, 25
August 2010
Barzaga v. CA, 268 SCRA 105
(1997)
Lorenzo Shipping Corp. v. BJ
Marthel, 19 November 2004
Almocera v. Ong, 18 February
2008
Megaworld v. Tanseco, 9 October
2009
CASES:
Solar Harvest v. Davao Corrugated,
26 July 2010
CB v. CA, 139 SCRA 46 (1985)
Arts. 1171-1173
Saludaga v. FEU, 30 April 2008
Meralco v. Ramoy, 4 March 2008
Art. 1174
Tanguilig v. CA, 266 SCRA 78
(1997)
Juan F. Nakpil & Sons v. CA 144
SCRA 596 (1986)
Ace Agro v. CA, 266 SCRA 429
Mondragon Leisure v. CA, 15 June
2005

2
ACOB, RODRIGO JR F
AWADI, MAGDAR ULANGHUTAN
CAGAKIT, FELIX D

3. Classification of Obligations
3.1 Pure and Conditional (Art. 1179)
a. Pure obligations
b. Conditional obligations
(i) Suspensive v. resolutory conditions
(ii) Potestative, casual and mixed
conditions
(iii) Impossible conditions

c. Effects of conditions
d. Constructive fulfilment of suspensive
condition
e. Retroactive effects of fulfillment of
suspensive condition
f. Rights of creditor pending fulfillment
of suspensive condition
g. Loss, improvement, deterioration of
thing to be delivered pending the
fulfillment of suspensive
condition/resolutory condition
h. Unilateral/reciprocal obligations
i. Effect of mutual breach
CASES:
Arts. 1179 and 1181
De Leon v. Ong, 2 February 2010
Reyes v. Tuparan, 1 June 2011
Great Asian v. CA, GR No. 105774,
25 April 2002
Ducusin v. CA, 122 SCRA 280
(1983)
Art. 1180
Millare v. Hernando, 151 SCRA 484
(1987)
Art. 1182
SBTC v. CA, 249 SCRA 206 (1995)
Rustan Pulp v. IAC, 214 SCRA 665
(1992)

3
BERMUDO, ANN KRISTINE T
CARREON, MAY SOLEDAD
BESA, JEROME CORNELIUS MAGTAGOB

CASES:
Arts. 1190-1192
UP v. De Los Angeles 35 SCRA 102
(1970)
Tan v. CA 175 SCRA 656 (1989)
Co v. CA, 312 SCRA 528(1999)
Palay v. Clave, 21 September 1983
Cannu v. Galang, 26 March 2005
Suria v. IAC, 151 SCRA 661 (1987)
Reyes v. Tuparan, 1 June 2011
Chua v. Victorio, 18 May 2004
Uy v. CA, 314 SCRA 69 [1999]
Pryce corp v. PGCOR, 6 May 2005
Solid Homes v. Tan, 29 July 2005
3.2 Obligations with a Period (Art. 1193)
a. Suspensive period v. resolutory
period
b. Effects of a period
c. When courts may fix a period
d. Benefit or use of the period
Arts. 1193-1197
Roxas v. Alcantara, 113 SCRA 21 (1982)
Macasaet v. macasaet, 30 September
2004

4
DEITA, MARY ANN ROMERA
EMBATE, JESSABETH NAPIGKIT.
DEPNAG, FLINT SUNGAY.

3.3 Alternative Obligations and

Facultative Obligations (Art. 1199)
a. Alternative v. facultative obligations
b. Alternative prestations at debtor's

choice
c. Alternative prestations at creditor's
choice
d. Facultative obligations
3.4 Joint and Solidary Obligations (Art.
1207)
a. Joint obligation - presumed
b. Solidary obligation
(i)
Active solidarity
(ii) Passivesolidarity
c. Indivisibility does not give rise to
solidarity or vice-versa
d. Solidarity with different terms and
conditions
e. Prohibited acts
f. Demand by any of the solidary
creditors
g. Effect of novation, compensation,
confusion or remission
h. Payment by a solidary co-debtor
Arts. 1207-1222
Marsman v. Philippine Geoanalytics, 29
June 2010
Gonzales v. PCIB, 23 February 2011
PNB v. Independent Planters, 122 SCRA
113 (1983)
Rubio v. CA 153 SCRA 183 (1983)

5
ETING, HASAN J.
ELIAS, MOHAMMAD RIZA U
DONDOYANO, CHRISTIANNE FERNANDEZ

3.5 Divisible and Indivisible Obligations

(Art. 1223)
a. Divisible obligation
b. Kinds of division
c. Obligations deemed divisible
d. Indivisible obligation
e. Kinds of indivisibility
f. Effect of non-compliance by a codebtor in a joint indivisible obligation
g. Obligations deemed indivisible
3.6 Obligations with a Penal Clause (Art.
1226)
a. Nature, purpose and kinds of penal
clause
b. Effects
c. Proof of actual damages not
necessary
d. Reduction of penalty
e. Effect of nullity of penal clause
f. Effect of nullity of principal obligation
on penal clause
ARTS. 1226-1230
Filinvest v. CA, 30 September 2005

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PAGARA, TRISHA FAITH BALIDO.
MAGLANGIT, JOANN APOSTADERO.
GARGANERA, MARY JOY PAGARA

4.
Extinguishment of Obligations
(Art. 1231)
4.1 Payment or performance
a. What constitutes payment

b. Payor
c. Payee
d. Manner/mode of payment
e. Special forms of payment
Payment by cession
Tender of payment and
consignation
f. Application of payment
g. Currency
h. Place of payment
i. Expenses/costs in payment
Arts. 1231-1233, 1246-1248, and 1251
Hahn v. CA, 173 SCRA 675 (1989)
ARTS. 1234-1235
Azcona v. Jamandre 151 SCRA 317
(1987)
Intestate Estate of Probitero v. CA, 217
SCRA 372 (19993)
Arts. 1236-1243
Aranas v. Tutaan, 127 SCRA 828 (1984)
Art. 1249
New Pacific v. Seneris, 101 SCRA 686
(1980)
Tibajiya v. CA, 223 scra (1993)
R.A No. 7653, Sec.60
BSP Circular No.537 dated 18 July 2006
Art. 1250
Huibonhoa v. CA, 320 SCRA 625
Telengtan v. United states Lines, Inc.,
483 SCRA 458 (2006)
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GAGARACRUZ, MARY JACKLYN SAAVEDRA
WALAJAN, BENJAMIN M.
WEE, ABIGAIL SERRA.

Art. 1245
Luzon Development v. Enriquez, 12
January 2011
Arts. 1256-1261
FEBTC v. Diaz Reality, 23 August 2001
State Investment House, Inc. v. CA 198
SCRA 390 (1991)
Valarao v. CA, 304 SCRA 155
McLaughlin v. CA, 144 SCRA 693 (1986)
Legaspi v. CA, 142 SCRA 82 (1986)
Vda. De Zulueta v. Octavio 121 SCRA
314 (1983)
Hulganza v. CA, 147 SCRA 77 (1987)
Heirs of Luis Bacus v. CA, 3 December
2001
Dalton v. FGR Reality, 19 January 2011
4.2 Loss of Determinate Thing Due (Art.
1262)
a. Effect of loss of a determinate
thing/impossibility of performance
b. Exceptions
c. Partial loss of thing
d. Difficulty of service to be rendered
e. Remedy of creditor against third
parties

Arts.1262-1269
Naga Telephone v. CA, 24 February
1994
PNCC v. CA, 272 SCRA 183 (1997)
8
MATBA, HADJIMAR S.
RODA, AREANNE CAMACHO
SARAIL-SOLEDAD, IRNALIZA GUMABONG.

4.3 Condonation or Remission (Art.

1270)
a. Concept and nature of
condonation/remission
b. Implied condonation
c. Effect of renunciation of principal
debt
d. Presumed remission of pledge
4.4 Confusion or Merger of Rights (Art.
1275)
a. Concept
b. Effect on guarantors
c. As applied to joint obligations,
solidary obligations and indivisible
obligations
4.5 Compensation (Art. 1278)
a. Concept
b. Kinds
(i) Voluntary
(ii) Judicial
(iii) Legal
c. Obligations which cannot be subject
of compensation
d. Effects
e. Effect of assignment of credit
Arts. 1278-1290
PNB v. De Ong A cero,148 SCRA 166
(1987)
Francia v. IAC, 753 (1988)
EGV Reality v. CA, 310 SCRA 657 (1999)
Uy Tong v. Silva, 132 SCRA 448 (1984)
BPI v. CA,232 SCRA 302 (1994)
Perez v. CA, 127 SCRA 636
4.6 Novation (Art. 1291)

9
LACASTESANTOS, JOEMAR GUEVARA.
SARAWI, SHAREEN P..
SOLEDAD, HARVY CATALON

a. Concept, requisites and kinds

b. Modes
(i) Substitution of debtor
(ii) Change of principal obligation or
object
(iii) Subrogation
(aa) Conventional
subrogation
(bb) Legal subrogation
c. Effects
Art. 1291-1304
Goni v. CA, 144 SCRA 222 (1986)
Kwong v. Gargantos, 22 November 2006
Salazar v. JY Brothers, 20 October 2010
Espina v. CA, 334 SCRA 186
Peoples Bank v. Syvels Inc., 164 SCRA
247 (1988)
Servicewide Specialists, Inc. v. IAC, 174

SCRA 80 (1989)
Integrated Construction v. Relova, 151
SCRA 360 (1987)
Lecaros v. Gatmaitan, 9 August 2001
10
GO, HAZEL LYN ..
HAMID, SERNASH LUNA
HINAY, FATIMA SARPINA PANDANGAN

II. Contracts
1. Concept (Art. 1305)
2. General principles or tenets
2.1 Autonomy
2.2 Consensuality
2.3 Mutuality
2.4 Binding effect
2.5 Relativity

11
HUSSIN, MIRALUNA ESCANDALLO
JAUHARI, OMBRAIDA ESMAEL
JALON, KERSTINE RHOANNE C..

Arts. 1305-1317
DOH v. HTMC, 480 SCRA 299
GF Equity v. Valenzona, 30 June 2005
PNB v. Rocamora, 18 September 2009
Solidbank v. Permanent Homes, 23 July
2010
Leal v. IAC, 155 SCRA 394 (1987)
Tiu v. Platinum Plans, 28 February 2007
National Power Corp. v. Province of
Quezon, 15 july 2010
Tayag v. Lacson, 25 March 2004
GilChrist v. Cuddy, 18 February 1915
So Ping Bun v. CA,21 September 1999
Lagon v. CA, 18 March 2005
Limitless v. Quilala, 15 July 2005
3. Stages
4. Elements (Art. 1318)
4.1 Consent
a. Offer
b. Acceptance
c. Parties
d. Effect of lack of capacity or authority
and disqualification
e. Vices of consent
(i) Mistake
(ii) Violence and intimidation
(iii) Undue influence
(iv) Fraud
Arts 1318-1324
Pelayo v. Perez, 8 June 2005
Villanueva v. CA, 244 SCRA 395 (1995)
Obana v. CA, 135 SCRA 557 (1985)
PNB v. CA, 238 SCRA 20 (1994)
Adelfa Properties, Inc. v. CA, 240 SCRA
565 (1995)
Serra v. CA, 229 SCRA 60 (1994)
Ang Yu v. CA., 238 SCRA 602 (1994)
Equatorial v. Mayfair, 21 November
1996
Bible Baptist v. ca, 26 November 2004
Arts. 1325-1326
Public Estates v. Bolinao, 5 October
2005