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Homework #7
Assigned: November 7, 2006
Due: November 14, 2006 (class time)
(Total points noted in each section; must clearly show equations with values and units, drawings,
assumptions, etc.)
1. (20 points, 15 points for equations, 5 points for correct answer)
A 3-mm diameter and 10-m long electric wire is tightly wrapped with a 2-mm thick plastic cover
whose thermal conductivity is k = 0.16 W/(m* C). Electrical measurements indicate that a
current of 12 Amps passes through the wire and there is a voltage drop of 6.5 Volts along the
wire. If the insulation is exposed to a medium at T = 30 C, with a heat transfer coefficient of
h = 20 W/(m2* C), determine (a) the temperature at the interface of the wire and the plastic
cover in steady operation. Also determine (b) if doubling the thickness of the plastic cover will
increase or decrease this interface temperature.
Bonus (10 points) Plot a graph of interface temperature C vs. total radius (wire and plastic cover
thickness) for the range of 2-mm to 20-mm in 1mm divisions on the plot. What temperature is
the critical radius? Hint: Use Matlab or an Excel spreadsheet.
Must show individual work for plot. Place your name in the title of the plot along with the
homework assignment number and problem.
Solution:
At steady conditions, the rate of heat transfer from the wire is equal to the heat generated within
the wire,
W VI 6.5V 12 A 78W
Q
e
Rconv
h0 A0 20W
R plastic
0.007m10m
m C
0.227 C
ln r2 r1
ln 7 3
0.08428 C
W
2kL
2 0.14W m C 10m
0.16 W m C
k
0.008m 8.0mm
h
20 W m 2 C
Doubling the thickness of the plastic cover will increase the outer radius of the wire to 7mm,
which is less than the critical radius of insulation. Therefore, doubling the thickness of the
plastic cover will increase the rate of heat loss and decreases the interface temperature.
The efficiency of these circular fins can be determined from Fig 8-60 to be
L D2 D1 / 2 0.06 0.05 / 2 0.005m
r2 t 2 0.03 0.001 / 2
1.22
r1
0.025
t
L
2
h
0.001
0.005
kt
2
60 W m 2 C
0.0683
389 W m C 0.001m
Q fin fin Q fin ,max fin hA fin Tb T 0.97 60 W m 2 C 0.00192m 2 180 25 C 17.32W
2
2
Q
180 25 C 2.19W
fin hAunfin Tb T 60 W m C 0.000236 m
There are 250 fins and thus 250 inter-fin spacing per meter length of the tube. The total heat
transfer from the finned tube is then determined from
Therefore the increase in heat transfer from the tube per meter of its length as a result of the
addition of the fins is
V
Asurface
D 3 / 6 D 0.0012
0.0002m
6
6
D 2
hLc
70W / m 2 C 0.0002m
0.00046 0.1
k
30W / m C
Since Bi < 0.1, the lumped system analysis is applicable. Then the time period for the
thermocouple to read 99% of the initial temperature difference is determined from
T (t ) T
0.01
Ti T
b
hA
h
70W / m 2 C
0.1257 s 1
3
C pV C p Lc
8700kg / m 320 J / kg C 0.0002m
1
T (t ) T
e bt 0.01 e 0.1257 s t t 36.7 s
Ti T
hr0
1400W / m 2 C 0.0275m
64.2
k
0.6W / m C
The constants 1 and A1 corresponding to this Biot number are from Table 9-1.
1 = 3.0863
A1 = 1.9969
Then the Fourier number becomes
o , sph
2
2
To T
70 97
A1e 1
3.0897 e 1.9969 0.582 0.2
Ti T
8 97
Therefore, the one term approximate solution (or the transient temperature charts) is applicable.
Then the time required for the temperature of the center of the egg to reach 70 C is determined
to be
t
temperature for radiation exchange between the glass cover and the open sky is -40C. Water
enters the tubes attached to the absorber plate at a rate of 1kg/min. Assuming the back surface of
the absorber plate to be heavily insulated and the only heat loss occurs through the glass cover,
determine: a) the total rate of heat loss from the collector, b) the collector efficiency, which is the
ratio of the amount of heat transferred to the water to the solar energy incident on the collector
and c) the temperature rise of the water as it flows through the collector.
Soln:
The properties of air at the film temperature of (35+23)/2 = 29C are
k = 0.0261 W/m C
= 1.57x10-5 m2/s
Pr = 0.712
a) Assuming wind flows across 2m surface, the Reynolds number is determined from
Re L
1.062 x10 6
5
2
1.57 x10 m / s
Which is greater then the critical Reynolds number (5x105). Using the Nusselt number
relation for combined laminar and turbulent flow, the average heat transfer coefficient is
determined to be:
Nu
hL
(0.037 Re 0.8 871) Pr 1 / 3 [0.037(1.062 x10 6 ) 0.8 871](0.712)1 / 3 1409.6
k
k
0.0261W / mC
Nu
(1409.6) 18.4W / m 2 C
L
2m
And
Q total Q conv Q rad 530 732 1262W
collector
Q net
216.4W
0.146
Qin
1478.4W
3.1C
C p T (1 / 60kg / s )(4180 J / kg C )