512

Difiusivity

and the Mechanisms

of Mass Transport

are identical and the parameters 6A and A may be obtained from viscosity
data on pure l. If, in addition, M,r is large, E% l*lZ
simplifies to

cguo, : 3.2027
x 10-5'l TW ^
o,1t!)g.n

p9,t e.

I,s,1,

|Q ' ' n
6 Q,

(16.,t-18)

in which Qr.^ and Ou are nearly equal functions of x.Tfeu. (See Table
B-2.) Thus the kinematic viscosity l and the self-difusiuity 9no. are of the
same order of magnitude for gases at low density. The relation between z
and the binary difiusiuity 9r' is not so simple becausey : pl p may vary
considerably with composition, but the ratio pl p0u lies between 0.2 and
5.0 for most gas-pairs. The quantit! t"rlp?en:yl?,a.p
is known as the
Schmidt number; we shall encounter this quantity repeatedly in problems
of diftusion in flow systemsjust as we encountered the Prandtl number
Coplk : r,/a in problems of heat conduction in flow systems.
Equations 16.4-12, 13, 17, and 18 were derived for monatomic nonpolar
gases but have been found to work well for polyatomic nonpolar gasesas
well. In addition, these equations may be used to predict Oou for interdiffusion of a polar gas and a nonpolar gas8by using combining laws different
from Eqs. 16.4-15and 16.
Example l6.,Ll. Computation of Mass Diffusivity
at Low Density
Predictthe value of 9nn for mixturesof argon (l) and oxygen(B) at 293.2 K
and I atm total pressure.
Solution. From TableB-l we obtainthe followingconstants:
Mt :

39.944i o.t: 3.418A;

Mr :32.000;

on:3.$3 A;

#:

vt"ott"'l:

9. ea : 0. 001858

: 0. 001858
: 0. 188 cm

This comparesfavorablywith the r

16.2-2.

O F O RDI N
$t6.5 THEO RTES

In the absenceof rigorous th

rough theories that have beenur
lations: the hydrodynamicaltheo
given some results of the theor
with the calculation of viscosity
'fhe hydrodynamical theory tal
equation,l which states that th
molecule of I through a station
j

in which u1fFq is the "mobilitl

state velocity attained by the p
relation between force and velo
flow" (that is, Re ( l) may t
possibility of "slip" at the sphe

: ,ro. *

-Jo
K

IK : rr:" r

The parameters oru and e opfrcfor collisions of argon with oxygen may be esti-

mated
bvmeans
or*';il'i-ll,il,u'.

,
This gives rcTle
n" :293.21118.5
oo.e.e : 1.003. Substitutionof th

(6.4-t7)

An approximate equation for 9,1a. was derived earlier. (Compare Eq.

1 6 .4 - 10. )
Comparison of Eqs. 16.4-17and 1.4-18 showsthat the self-diffusivityguo.
and the viscosity pr are related for heavy isotopic gas-pairsat low density:
Y

Theoriesof Ordinary Difrusionin

: 3.426
3.433)
L
ll8'5'K

EJ. O. Hirschfelder,C. F. Curtiss,and R. B. Bird, Ioc. cir.,98.66.

Fu: 6t ppt

in which pro is the viscosity of

diffusing particle, and p' is th
pointed out3 that there are two l

1F. Daniels and R. A. Alberty, Plr

Seealso Eq. 18.4-14a.
'zH. Lamb, Hydrodynanics, Dover,
3 R. Fiirth, in Handbuchder physil
( 1 9 3 1 ) v, o l .1 ,p .6 3 s.