Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
Agenda
Concept
P eer i ng
R ou te R ef l ector
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
C o n c e p ts
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
C o nc ep t s - Au t o no m o u s S y s t em
A s et of netw or k s s h a r i ng
I nter na l connecti v i ty ( I G P )
th e s a m e r ou ti ng pol i cy
R a ng e f or m 1 to 6 5 , 5 3 5
( pr i v a te f r om 6 4 5 1 2 to 6 5 5 3 5 )
OSPF
EI G R P
I SI S
AS 1 2 3
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
C o nc ep t s - P at h V ec t o r P r o t o c o l
B G P i s cl a s s i f i ed a s a path vector r ou ti ng pr otocol ( s e e
R FC 1 3 2 2 )
12.6.126.0/24 207.126.96.43
1021
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
C o nc ep t s - B G P S es s i o ns
B G P s es s i on es ta b l i s h ed on top of T CP por t 1 7 9 ( B G P
nei g h b or s )
D a ta b a s es a r e ex ch a ng ed a f ter s es s i on s et u p
I ncr em enta l u pd a tes
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
C o nc ep t s - eB G P v s i B G P
eB G P i s u s ed to ex ch a ng e N L R I b etw een A u tonom ou s
S y s tem s
i B G P i s u s ed to ca r r y N L R I w i th i n th e A u tonom ou s
S y s tem
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
C o nc ep t s - G ener al O p er at i o n
L ea r ns m u l ti pl e pa th s v i a i nter na l a nd ex ter na l B G P
s pea k er s
P i ck s T H E b es tpa th a nd i ns ta l l s i t i n th e I P f or w a r d i ng
ta b l e
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
Pe e r i n g
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
E x t er nal N ei gh b o r s ( eB G P )
BGP speakers in different AS
AS 1 0 9
131.108.0.0/16
R outer B
router bgp 1 1 0
network 1 5 0 . 1 0 . 0 . 0
neighbor 1 3 1 . 1 0 8 . 1 0 . 1 rem ote-as 1 0 9
R outer A
router bgp 1 0 9
network 1 3 1 . 1 0 8 . 0 . 0
neighbor 1 3 1 . 1 0 8 . 1 0 . 2 rem ote-as 1 1 0
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
R A
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
A
.1
131.108.10.0/2 4
.2
AS 1 1 0
B
15 0.10.0.0/16
R B
10
I nt er nal N ei gh b o r s ( i B G P )
131.108.2 0.2
131.108.2 0.1
Configuration:
Router B
router b g p 1 0 9
n ei g h b or 1 3 1 . 1 0 8 . 2 0 . 2 rem ote-a s 1 0 9
n ei g h b or 1 3 1 . 1 0 8 . 2 0 . 2 up d a te-s ourc e l oop 0
Router A
router b g p 1 0 9
n ei g h b or 1 3 1 . 1 0 8 . 2 0 . 1 rem ote-a s 1 0 9
n ei g h b or 1 3 1 . 1 0 8 . 2 0 . 1 up d a te-s ourc e l oop 0
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
11
I nf o r m at i o n T r ans f er
F r om
F r om
eB G P -> a d v er ti s e to a l l
i B G P -> a d v er ti s e onl y to eB G P
P r opa g a te O N L Y th e b es t pa th
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
12
P eer G r o u p s
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
13
P eer G r o u p s ( C o nt . )
I nter na l peer g r ou p
router bgp 109
n ei gh bor i n tern a l
n ei gh bor i n tern a l
n ei gh bor i n tern a l
n ei gh bor i n tern a l
n ei gh bor 13 1. 108
n ei gh bor 13 1. 108
n ei gh bor 13 1. 108
peer-group
rem ote-a s 109
route-m a p s en d out
f i l ter-l i s t 1 out
. 2 0. 1 peer-group i n tern a l
. 3 0. 1 peer-group i n tern a l
. 3 0. 1 f i l ter-l i s t 3 i n
E x ter na l peer g r ou p
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
14
A ttr ib u te s a n d R o u te
S e le c tio n A lg o r ith m
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
15
M ai n B G P At t r i b u t es
Next-h o p
W ei g h t
L o c a l p r ef er en c e
A S -p a th
O r ig in
M u l ti E xi t D i s c r i m i n a to r ( M E D )
C o m m u n i ty
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
16
N E X T _ H O P
T h e nex t h o p to reac h a netw o rk
eB G P
I P address of t h e peer
iB G P
N E X T _ H O P advert ised by eB G P
I G P sh ould carry rout e t o N E X T _ H O P s
R ecursive rout e look up
U nlink s B G P f rom t h e
ph ysical t opolog y
A llow s I G P t o m ak e int ellig ent
f orw arding decision
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
2.0.0.0
AS 2
.1
2.0.1 .0
1 .0.0.0
.2
AS 1
17
B G P At t r i b u t es : N E X T _ H O P
E BG P n e x t -h o p s e t t o s e l f
6 .0.1 .1
6 .0.1 .2
AS 2
4 .0.0.0/ 8
5 .1 .1 .1
5 .1 .1 .3
3 r d P a r t y E BG P
5 .1 .1 .3
5 .1 .1 .2
AS 3
2 .0.0.0/8
AS 1
AS 4
4 .0.0.0/8
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
6.0.0.0/8
4 .0.0.0/ 8
2.0.0.0/ 8
6 .0.1 .1
6 .0.1 .1
I BG P n e x t -h o p u n m o d i f i e d
O v e r r id in g d e fa u lts :
I BG P N L R I o n l y :
n e i g h b o r x .x .x .x n e x t -h o p -s e l f
r o u t e -m a p :
s e t i p n e x t -h o p { A.B.C .D | p e e r a d d r e s s }
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
18
W E IG H T
ci s co s peci f i c
L oca l to th e r ou ter
N ot propag at ed
v a l u e: 0 6 5 5 3 5
R ou tes w i th h i g h er w ei g h t a r e pr ef er r ed
D ef a u l t:
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
19
L O C AL _ P R E F
I nd i ca ti on of pr ef er r ed pa th to ex i t th e l oca l A S
G l ob a l to th e l oca l A S
P a th s w i th h i g h es t L O CA L -P R E F a r e m os t d es i r a b l e
( d ef a u l t = 1 0 0 )
bgp default local-preference value
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
20
L O C AL _ P R E F ( C o nt . )
6 9 0
router bgp 1 0 9
6
neighbor x . x . x . x rem ote-as 1 8 8 0
neighbor x . x . x . x route-m ap foo in
!
route-m ap foo perm it 1 0
m atch as-path 2
set local-preference 1 20
!
ip as-path access-list 2 perm it ^ 1 8 8 0 _
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
1 7 5 5
6 6
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
1 8 8 0
A
N e e d s to g o to 6 9 0
21
AS _ P AT H
A S -P A T H conta i ns th e l i s t of A S es th e u pd a te h a d to
tr a v er s e.
to d etect r ou ti ng l oops .
E a ch ti m e th e r ou ter r ecei v es a n eB G P u pd a te i t
ch eck s th e A S -P A T H .
I f i t f i nd s i s ow n A S nu m b er on th e A S -P A T H , th e
u pd a te i s d i s ca r d ed .
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
22
AS _ P AT H
6 9 0
1.
1. R R o o u u t t e e r r A
Ass ee nn dd
1414 1.2
1.2 5 5 3.10.0/2
3.10.0/2
ss uu
44 ww
pp dd
iitt hh
aa tt ee
AS
AS
ff oo rr
_ _ P P AT
AT H H : : 1880
1880
1 8 8 0
A
2 2 .. R R o o u u t t e e r r B
Bss ee nn dd ss uu pp dd aa tt ee
f f o o r r 1414 1.2
1.2 5 5 3.10.0/2
3.10.0/2 4 4 w w i i t t h h
AS
AS _ _ P P AT
AT H H : : 6969 00 1880
1880
200
14 1.2 5 3.10.0/2 4
3.R
3.R o o u u t t e e r r C C s s e e n n d d s s u u p p d d a a t t e e
f f o o r r 1414 1.2
1.2 5 5 3.10.0/2
3.10.0/2 4 4 w w i i t t h h
AS
AS _ _ P P AT
AT H H : : 2 2 00
00 6969 00 1880
1880
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
4 4 .R.R
oo
dd
oo
ww
iiss
uu
nn
cc
tt ee rr
AS
AS
aa rr dd
A
Aww iillll dd ee tt ee cc tt iitt ss
nn uu mm bb ee rr aa nn dd ww iillll
tt hh ee uu pp dd aa tt ee
23
O R IG IN
O r i g i n of th e pr ef i x
V a l u es :
E G P ( e) = learned from
E G P
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
24
M u l t i -E x i t D i s c r i m i nat o r ( M E D )
Indication (to external peers) of the preferred path
into an A S
used in m ultiple entry AS
non-transitive
the sam e A S
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
25
C o m m u ni t y At t r i b u t e
rfc1997
U s ed to g r ou p d es ti na ti ons a nd a ppl y a com m on pol i cy
E a ch pr ef i x ca n b el ong to m u l ti pl e com m u ni ti es
N ot pr opa g a ted b y d ef a u l t
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
26
C o m m u ni t y At t r i b u t e ( C o nt . )
3 2 -b i ts l ong
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
27
P r o b l em : S c al e R o u t i ng P o l i c y
S o l u t i o n: C O M M U N I T Y
Co m m u n i t i e s :
1 : 1 00Cu s t o m e r R o u t e s
1 : 8 0 I S P R o u t e s
ISP 2
ISP 1
I SP 3
I SP 4
0.0.0.0
Cu
Co n n e
(N o
W a n ts
s to m
x io n
D e f
F u ll
e r 1
T y p e 1
a u lt,
R o u te s )
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
Cu
Co n n e
(U s e
W a n t s Cu
s to
x io
s D
s to
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
m e r
n T y
e fa u
m e r
p e 2
lt,
R o u te s )
28
P r o b l em : S c al e R o u t i ng P o l i c y
S o l u t i o n: C O M M U N I T Y
Co m m u n i t i e s :
S e t Co m m u n i t y
1 :8 0
1 : 1 00Cu s t o m e r R o u t e s
1 : 8 0 I S P R o u t e s
ISP 1
M a t c h Co m m u n i t y
1 : 1 00 1 : 8 0
I SP 3
Cu
Co n n e
(N o
W a n ts
M a t c h Co m m u n i t y
1 : 1 00
M a t c h Co m m u n i t y
1 : 1 00
I SP 4
S e t Co m m u n i t y
1 : 1 00
s to m
x io n
D e f
F u ll
e r 1
T y p e 1
a u lt,
R o u te s )
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
ISP 2
0.0.0.0
Cu
Co n n e
(U s e
W a n t s Cu
s to
x io
s D
s to
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
m e r
n T y
e fa u
m e r
2
p e 2
lt,
R o u te s )
29
B G P P at h S el ec t i o n
1
2
3
H ig h est W E I GH T
4
H ig h est L O C AL _ PR E F
5
6
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
30
B G P P at h S el ec t i o n
7
8
9
1 0
L o w est O R I GI N
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
31
B G P P at h S el ec t i o n ( C o nt . )
1 1 I F m u l tipath is enab l ed, th e ro u ter m ay instal l
u p to N paral l el path s in th e ro u ting tab l e
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
32
Pr e f i x Ge n e r a t i o n
A n d A g g r e g a tio n
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
33
M a t c h i n g I GP r o u t e m u s t e x i s t ( d y n a m i c o r
s ta ti c en tr y i n r o u ti n g ta b l e)
E x a m p le :
route r b
ne tw ork
ne tw ork
!
ip route
gp 1 0 9
2 0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .0
1 9 8 . 1 0 . 0 . 0 m as k 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0 . 0
1 9 8 . 1 0 . 0 . 0 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0 . 0 nul l 0
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
34
R edi s t r i b u t i o n
F ro m
IG P
S ta ti c r o u tes p o i n ted to n u l l 0
E xa m p l e:
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
35
th e l oca l A S
A com ponent m u s t ex i s t i n th e B G P ta b l e
E x am ple:
route r b gp 1 0 9
aggre gate -ad d re s s 1 9 8 . 1 0 . 0 . 0 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0 . 0 s um m ary -onl y
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
36
Po l i c y C o n t r o l
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
37
P r ef i x F i l t er s
E x am pl e 1 :
r outer bg p 10
neig hbor 160
!
access-l ist 5
access-l ist 5
E x am pl e 2 :
r outer bg p 10 9
neig hbor 160 . 8 9 . 1. 1 r oute-m ap f il ter in
!
r oute-m ap f il ter p er m it 10
m atch ip addr ess 5
!
access-l ist 5 deny 17 0 . 10 . 0 . 0
access-l ist 5 p er m it any
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
38
P at h F i l t er s
F i l ter b a s ed on A S pa th
P er nei g h b or
I nbound or outbound
filter-list
route-m aps
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
39
P at h F i l t er s
E xam ple:
D eny a l l pr ef i x es or i g i na ted i n A S 2 0 0 .
C onfig u ration:
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
40
I n t e r n a l BGP
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
41
I nt er nal B G P
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
42
I nt er nal B G P
propag ated
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
43
R o u te R e fle c to r s
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
44
R o u t e R ef l ec t o r s
P r ov i d e a d d i ti ona l contr ol to a l l ow r ou ter to a d v er ti s e
( r ef l ect) i B G P l ea r ned r ou tes to oth er i B G P peer s
B reak s the full-m esh iB G P rule.
N or m a l B G P s pea k er s co-ex i s t
cl u s ter = R R
+ cl i ents
P a ck et f or w a r d i ng s h ou l d not b e a f f ected
E a s y m i g r a ti on
M u l ti pl e r ef l ector s f or r ed u nd a ncy
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
45
R o u t e R ef l ec t o r s
R oute R ef lec tor: p rov i des addi ti onal c ontrol to allow router to
adv erti se ( ref lec t) i BGP learned routes to oth er i BGP p eers
C li ent: router rely i ng on R R f or all i BGP up dates
N on-c li ent: i BGP nei g h b or outsi de th e c luster
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
46
L o o p Av o i danc e
W h en R R
r ecei v es a n u pd a te:
I f the B G P update is ok , the R R updates the cluster-list with its clusterid and reflects the update ( according to the rules)
W ith m ultiple R R in the sam e cluster, a
uniq ue cluster-id should be set by configuration
O nce th e b es t pa th i s s el ected :
F rom
F rom
F rom
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
non-clients
47
R o u t e R ef l ec t o r s ( c o nt . )
C onf ig ur ation ( r tr A) :
router bgp 2
A(R R )
AS2
B
AS1
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
48
M u ltip leR R
U s ed f or R R
p er C l u s t er
r ed u nd a ncy
A l l R R s i n s a m e cl u s ter h a v e to a g r ee on u ni q u e
cl u s ter -i d i f cl i ents peer w i th a l l R R s :
bgp cluster-id < 1 -2 >
32
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
49
2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
C is c o C o n fid e n tia l
50