Thinking

Structures

Process

Reactive

Beck &Cowan
1996
BEIGE

Automatic

Loose bands

Survivalistic

Traditionalism

Safety

PURPLE

Animistic

Tribal

Circular

Survival

Exploitation

Power

RED

Egocentric

Empires

Exploitative

D-Q

Security

Sacrifice

Salvation

BLUE

Absolutistic

Pyramidical

Authoritarian

E-R

Independent

Scientism

Materialism

ORANGE

Multiplistic

Delegative

Strategic

F-S

Affiliation

Sociocentricity

Community

GREEN

Relativistic

Egalitarian

Consensual

G-T

Existence

Accepting

Existence

YELLOW

Systematic

Interactive

Integrative

H-U

Experience

Experiencing

Communion

TURQUOISE

Holistic

Global

Ecological

Graves
1974
A-N

Motivation

Means values

End values

Physiological

Reactive

B-O

Assurance

C-P

Cacioppe &
Edwards
2004
BEIGE
PURPLE
RED
BLUE
ORANGE
GREEN
YELLOW
TURQUOISE
Straatsma
2009
BEIGE
PURPLE
RED

BLUE
ORANGE
GREEN
YELLOW
TURQUOISE

Life needs

Worldview description

Survival, automated biogenic needs

Family/peer focus, safety &survival
Power, self-assertion through action
Stability/order, black and white truth
Success, self-achievement, competition
Harmony, mutuality, relational truth
Independence, self-worth, systemic need
Global community, visionary

Instinctual, image identity, sensory activity

Magical, spiritistic, sentimentalist
Impulsive, authority through force
Authority through law, absolutist
Externalist, individualist, meritocracy
Relativist, egalitarian, social justice
Existentialist, ecological, pluralistic
Spontaneous and holistic, flexible visioning

Life conditions

Mind/culture coping conditions

State of nature and biological urges and

drives: physical senses dictate the state of the
being
Threatening and full of mysterious powers
that must be placated and appeased
Like a jungle where the tough prevail and the
weak serve; nature is an adversary to be
conquered
Controlled by a higher power that punishes
evil and rewards good and righteous living
Full of resources to develop and opportunity
to make things better and bring prosperity
Humanity can find love and purpose through
affiliation and sharing
A chaotic organism where change is the norm
and uncertainty an acceptable state of being
Delicately balanced system of interlocking
forces in jeopardy at humanities hands

Instinctive: as natural instincts and reflexes direct; automatic

existence
Animistic: according to tradition and ritual ways of the
group/tribe
Egocentric: asserting self for dominance, conquest and power.
Exploitive
Absolutistic: obediently as higher authority and rules direct;
conforming; guilt
Multiplistic: pragmatically to achieve results and get ahead; test
options; maneuver
Relativistic: respond to human needs, affiliative, situational;
consensual; fluid
Systemic: functional, integrative, flexible, interdependent;
existential; flexible; questioning; accepting
Holistic; experiential; transpersonal; collective consciousness;
collaborative; interconnected