Parma F.C

3/3/2015
ParmaF.C.Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
ParmaF.C.
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
ParmaFootballClub(formerlyParma
AssociazioneCalcio),commonlyreferredtoasjust
Parma,isanItalianprofessionalfootballclub
basedinParma,EmiliaRomagnathatwillcompete
inSerieAinthe201415season,havingfinishedin
sixthpositionlastseason.FoundedasParmaFoot
BallClubinDecember1913,theclubhasplayed
itshomematchesinthe27,906seatStadioEnnio
Tardini,oftenreferredtoassimplyIlTardini,since
1923.
AlthoughParmahasneverwonadomesticleague
titleandnevercompetedformajortrophiesuntil
the1990s,ithaswonthreeItalianCups,one
SupercoppaItaliana,twoUEFACups,one
EuropeanSuperCupandoneUEFACupWinners'
Cup.BankrolledbyCalistoTanzi,theclubwon
theseeighttrophiesbetween1992and2002,a
periodinwhichitachieveditsbesteverleague
finishasrunnersupinthe199697seasonand
threatenedthedominanceoftheleague's
establishedpowers:Juventus,Milanand
Internazionale,theonlyItaliansidestohavehad
moresuccessinEuropeancompetitionthan
Parma.[5][6]
Morerecently,club'sambitionshavebeenmore
limited.[7]Financialtroubleswerebroughtaboutin
late2003bytheParmalatscandalwhichcausedthe
parentcompanytocollapseandresultedintheclub
operatingincontrolledadministrationuntilJanuary
2007.Theclubhastraditionallyplayedattractive
footballanddevelopedplayersthroughtheclub's
academy.[8]Despitetherecentdownturninsuccess,
theclubisanassociatedmemberandoneofnine
ItalianclubsthatarepartoftheEuropeanClub
Association,arepresentativecollectionofEurope's
mosteliteclubs,formedafterthedissolutionofthe
G14.[9][10]
Parma
Fullname
ParmaFootballClubS.p.A.
Nickname(s) ICrociati[1](TheCrusaders)
IGiallobl[1](TheYellowandBlues)
IDucali[1](TheDuchyMen)
GliEmiliani[1](TheEmilians)
Founded
16December1913,asParmaFootBall
Club
Ground
StadioEnnioTardini,
Parma,Italy
Capacity
21,473[2]
President
GiampietroManenti[3]
Headcoach RobertoDonadoni[4]
201314
SerieA,6th
Website
Clubhomepage(http://fcparma.com/)
Contents
1History
Homecolours
Awaycolours
Thirdcolours
1.1Earlyyears(19131968)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma_F.C.
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1.2Rebirthandimprovement
(19681989)
1.3Successandinsolvency(1989
2004)
1.4Secondrebirth(2004present)
2Coloursandbadge
3Grounds
4Support
4.1Rivalries
5Ownershipandfinances
6Players
6.1Firstteamsquad
6.2Outonloan
6.2.1AtGubbio
6.2.2AtPaganese
6.2.3AtGorica
6.3Passivecoownership
6.4Otherplayersundercontract
6.5Retirednumbers
6.6Academy
6.7Formerplayers
6.8Clubcaptains
6.9Playerrecords
7Clubofficials
7.1Presidentialhistory
7.2Managerialhistory
8Honours
8.1National
8.2European
8.3Minor
9Notes
10Footnotes
11Bibliography
12Externallinks
History
Earlyyears(19131968)
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AclubwasfoundedinJuly1913asVerdiFootBallClubinhonour
ofthecentenaryoffamousoperacomposerGiuseppeVerdi,who
wasbornintheprovinceofParma.[11]Itadoptedyellowandblueas
Parma
itscolours.[12][13]InDecemberofthesameyear,ParmaFootBall
Clubwasformedfrommanyoftheoriginalclub'splayersandbegan
wearingwhiteshirtsemblazonedwithablackcross.[14]Parma
beganplayingleaguefootballduringthe191920seasonafterthe
endofWorldWarI.[11]Constructionofastadium,theStadioEnnio
Tardini,begantwoyearslater.[2]Parmabecameafoundermember
ofSerieBafterfinishingasrunnersupinthePrimaDivisioneinthe
192829season.TheclubwouldremaininSerieBforthreeyears
beforebeingrelegatedandchangingitsnametoAssociazione
SportivaParmain1931.[13]Inthe193536season,Parmabecamea
LocationofParmainItaly
foundingmemberofSerieC,wheretheclubstayeduntilwinning
promotionbacktoSerieBin1943.Italianfootballwasthenbrought
toahaltastheSecondWorldWarintensified,althoughtheteamdidmakeanappearanceinthe
CampiantoAltaItaliain1944.
Followingtherestartoforganisedfootball,ParmaspentthreeyearsinSerieB,thensplitintotwo
regionaldivisions,beforeagainbeingrelegatedin194849toSerieC.Thesidewouldspendanother
fiveseasonsinSerieCbeforeanelevenyearspellinSerieBthatincludedtheachievementofninth
positionin195455,aclubrecordatthattime.[15]Thiswasanerainwhichtheclub'splayersgenerally
helddownotherjobsorwerestillineducationandwherethetown'samateurrugbyunionandvolleyball
sides,RugbyParmaF.C.1931andFerrovieriParma,provedmorepopularamongthemore
privileged.[16]ParmamadeitsdebutinEuropeancompetitionduringthe196061season,defeating
SwisssideACBellinzonaintheCoppadelleAlpi,butrelegationtoSerieCfollowedin196465season.
ParmaspentjustoneseasoninSerieCbeforeasecondsuccessiverelegation,thistimetoSerieD,in
1966.
Rebirthandimprovement(19681989)
TheclubwasinturmoilandwasorderedintoliquidationbytheCourtofParmain1968,changingits
nametoParmaFootballClubthatyear.In1969,anotherlocalteam,AssociazioneCalcioParmense,won
promotiontoSerieD.On1January1970,A.C.Parmenseadoptedthesportinglicenceoftheliquidated
clubwhichhadbeenformedin1913.Thismeantthatithadtherighttousethecrociatoshirts,thebadge
andthecity'sname.[12][13][15]Thisbroughtaboutachangeofluckinbothfinancialandsportingterms,
asthesidewascrownedSerieDchampionsandspentthreeyearsinSerieCbeforepromotiontoSerie
Bhowever,itwasashortstay.TheteamwasrelegatedbacktoSerieCintheirsecondseasoninthe
division.AreturntoSerieBdidnotmaterialiseuntiltheendofthe1970sandtheclubagainlastedonly
oneseasonintheseconddivisionofItalianfootball.
UnderthemanagementofCesareMaldini,ParmaonceagainreturnedtoSerieBafterwinningtheir
divisionin1984withvictoryonthefinaldayoverSanremoJuventusboundStefanoPioliscoredthe
onlygoalofthegame.TheDucaliagainonlyspentayearinSerieB,finishingthirdfrombottomand
succumbingtorelegationasaconsequence.ArrigoSacchidid,however,managetoreturntheclubto
SerieBin1986afterasingleseasoninthethirdtier.Thesideenjoyedgoodsuccessthatseasonin
missingoutonpromotiontoItaly'stoptierbyjustthreepointsandeliminatingA.C.Milanfromthe
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CoppaItalia,aresultthatconvincedownerSilvioBerlusconitohireSacchiasthenewmanagerofthe
Rossoneri.Sacchi'sreplacement,ZdenkZeman,wasfiredafterjustsevenmatchesandreplacedby
GiampieriVitali,whosecuredtwoconsecutivemidtablefinishes.
Successandinsolvency(19892004)
NevioScalawasappointedasheadcoachin1989.[15]Scala'sParma
securedahistoricpromotionin1990toSerieAwitha20Derby
dell'EnzawinoverA.C.Reggiana1919.[17]andinvestmentfromparent
companyParmalathelpedtoimprovetheteam'sfortunesandtheclub
madeitsdebutinUEFAcompetitionin1991.[12][17][18][19]Scalaledthe
clubtoitsfirstfourmajorhonour.ThefirstofthesewastheCoppaItalia
in199192,beatingJuventus21overtwolegs.Thefollowingyear
camethefirstinternationaltriumphina31victoryintheCupWinners'
CupoverBelgiansideAntwerpatWembley.[17][20]Laterthatyear,the
sidewassuccessfulintheUEFASuperCup,overcomingMilan21on
AlbertoMalesani
aggregate,butlosttheUEFACupWinners'Cupfinal10against
Arsenal.[17]Scala'sfinalsuccesswithParmawasinanothertwolegged
finalagainstJuventus:DinoBaggioscoredtwicetogiveParmaa21aggregatewin,butJuventus
exactedrevengeintheCoppaItaliafinal.ReplacedbyCarloAncelotti,Scaladepartedin1996andwasa
popularcoachforthetrophieshewonandbecausetheteamplayedattractivefootballinthetraditionof
theclub.[16]
Ancelottioverhauledtheteamandguidedittoarecordsecondplacein
1997.[17][21][22]ParmaconsequentlymadetheirdebutintheChampions
Leaguethefollowingyear.AlbertoMalesaniwasinstalledascoachin
1998andtheclubcompletedararecupdoubleinhisfirstseason,
winningtheCoppaItaliafinalagainstFiorentinaontheawaygoalsrule
andtheUEFACupagainstMarseilleattheLuzhnikiStadiuminMoscow
witha30victorybeforeSupercoppaItalianavictoryoverleague
championsMilanfollowedinAugust1999.In2000,HernnCrespowas
soldtoLazioforaworldrecordtransferfeeandMalesanideparted.
UnderreplacementRenzoUlivieri,theclublosttheCoppaItaliafinalto
Fiorentina.UnderPietroCarmignaniin2002,ParmawonathirdCoppa
ItaliatrophyagainstJuventus(butwouldsliptodefeatinthe2002
SupercoppaItaliana)andfinishedoutsidethetop6forthefirsttime
sincepromotionin1990.Thissuccessearnedthematagasoneofthe
"SevenSisters".[23][24]InApril2004,theclubwasdeclaredinsolvent
followingthefinancialmeltdownofParmalat.[25][26][27]
ClaudioRanieri(2007
photograph)managedParma
duringthelatterhalfofthe
200607season.
Secondrebirth(2004present)
TheclubreformedasParmaFootballClubinJune2004andthe200405seasonsawParmaplummet
totheirlowestfinishinSerieAdespiteasecondconsecutive23goalhaulfromGilardino,whowas
thensoldfor24masmanagerscameandwent.[23]Parmaendedthefollowingseason,theirfirst
withoutEuropeancompetitionsince1991,intenth,butreturnedin2006aftertheCalciopoliscandal.On
24January2007,TommasoGhirardiboughtthecluboutofadministrationandbecametheownerand
presidentofParmaF.C.[28]ManagerClaudioRanierihelpedtheteamavoidrelegationtoSerieBonthe
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finaldayofthe200607seasonfollowinghisFebruaryappointment[29][30]however,underasuccession
ofmanagers,Parma'sbattlewithrelegationthefollowingyearwasnotsuccessful,consigningtheclubto
SerieBaftereighteenyearsinthetopflight.[13][31]
FrancescoGuidolinwonpromotionbacktoSerieAatthefirstattemptwithasecondplacefinishand
ledthesidetoeighthonitsreturntoSerieAin200910,narrowlymissingoutonqualificationforthe
EuropaLeaguebeforeleavingforUdinese.InMay2010,GuidolinswappedjobswithPasqualeMarino,
whowassackedbyGhirardiinApril2011whenParmawascaughtinanotherrelegation
dogfight.[32][33][34]UnderMarino'sreplacement,FrancoColomba,Parmaescapedthethreatofrelegation
withtwogamestospare.[35]InJanuary2012,ColombawasreplacedbyRobertoDonadonifollowinga
winlessrunthatculminatedina50losstoInterandthenewcoachledtheteamtoeighthpositionina
SerieAclubrecord7matchwinningrun.[36][37]In2014,DonadoniguidedParmatosixthinSerieAand
athirdconsecutivetoptenfinish,butareturntoEuropeforthefirsttimesince2007wasbarreddueto
thelatepaymentofincometaxonsalaries,forwhichtheclubwouldalsobedockedapointduringthe
201415SerieAseason.[38][39]
Asaresultoftheclub'sexclusionfromEurope,TommasoGhirardisoldhiscontrollingstaketo
AlbanianbusinessmanRezartTai'sCypriotRussiancompanyDastrasoHoldingLimitedon19
December2014.[40][41]Inthefollowingmonth,AlbanianErmirKodrawasinstalledaspresidentatthe
ageof29.[42]InFebruary,TacisoldhisstaketoGiampietroManentiforthepriceheboughtit,1,less
thantwomonthsafterbuyingit,atwhichpointsalariesatthefinanciallystrickenclubhadnotbeenpaid
sincetheprevioussummer.[43][44][45]
Coloursandbadge
Theteamischaracterisedbyhavingusedtwodifferentcolourschemesinrecent
memoryandatitsinception.Originally,theclubworeyellowandbluechequered
shirtsinhonourofthecity'straditionalcolours,whichdatebackto1545whenthe
DuchyofParmawasestablished,[46]butwhiteshirtswithablackcrossonthechest
wereintroducedaftertheFirstWorldWar,drawinginspirationfromJuventus'
colours,followinganamechange.[14]Whitecontinuedtobewornasthemain
colourofthehomekitsformuchoftheremainderofthecentury,althoughoften
complementedwithyellow,blueorboth,ratherthanblack.Theclubdid,however,
experimentinthe1950swithblueshirtsandblueandyellowstripedshirts.The
crossshirtswererestoredandwornuntilbankruptcyin1968,whenwhiteshirtswith
offcentreblueandyellowverticalbandswereworn,butthecrossreturnedfrom
1970until1983whenayellowandbluesleevedwhiteshirtwasintroducedand
usedfor8years.
Afterdecadesinthelowerdivisions,ParmawaspromotedtoSerieAin1990,where
thesideimmediatelybecameamajorforceinthebattleformajortrophies,onmany
notableoccasionsindirectoppositiontoJuventus,whowouldbecomefiercerivals
ofParma's.ThisrivalryandtheinfluenceofParmalatledtothedemotionofthe
whiteshirtstotheawaykit,sothesideworeyellowandbluehoopedshirtsathome
forsixseasonsbetween1998and2004,andnavyblueshirtsoftenwornasthird
choiceinthisperiod.Thiswasatimeofgreatsuccessfortheclub,thustheshirts
havebecomesynonymouswithParma,oftenstillcalledtheGialloblu(Yellowand
Blues)today,despitearecentreversiontothetraditionalwhiteshirtsemblazoned
TheoldParma
A.C.logo,used
untilthename
changetoParma
F.C.in2004
Parma'screst
until2012
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withacrosscausedbyparentcompanyParmalat'scollapseandtheclubssubsequentrefoundationas
ParmaFootballClub.YellowandbluearenormallyParma'sawaykitcolours,usedinvarious
combinationssince2004,suchasverticalstripes,hoops,crossesorassolidcolourdesigns.[47]
Parma'slogochangedin2005toreflectthenamechangefromParmaA.C.toParma
F.C.,butthelogootherwiseremainedthesame,encompassingthecitycoloursof
yellowandblueandtheclub'straditionalblackcrosssetonawhitebackground,and
hasnotchangedmuchinyears,althoughitwasdramaticallyoverhauledtofeaturea
prancingbullforoneseasonin200001beforeitwascriticisedanddiscontinuedin
favouroftheoldbadge.Anewbadgewithbroadlysimilarfeatureswasintroduced
forthe201415seasonfollowingtheuseofacommemorativecentenarybadgefor
the201314campaign.[48]
Parma's
centenarybadge
Grounds
ParmainitiallyhadnopermanenthomeandusedthePiazza
d'Armi,wheretwowoodenpostsconstitutedtheframeofeach
goal.InDecember1914,theclubbegantouselandbetweenthe
ViaEmilia,theEridaniarefineryandtheFerragutifactory,butit
wassold,sotheclubreturnedtothePiazzad'Armibefore
transferringtotheTrePioppi,thefirstfencedoffpitchinthe
city.[49]Parmamovedintotheircurrentstadium,theStadio
EnnioTardini,in1923,althoughthestadiumhassincebeen
overhauledandaltereddrasticallyfromthevisionofEnnio
StadioEnnioTardini,Parma'shome
Tardini,underwhoseauspicesthestadiumwastobebuilt,but
stadium
whodiedbeforecompletionofthevenue.[50]Muchofthe
renovationtookplaceaftertheclub'sfirstpromotiontoSerieA
atthestartofthe1990s.[2]Thestadium'susablecapacitystandsat27,906,butonly23,045are
authorisedtoenteratoncefollowingthe2009deathofVicenzafanEugeneBortolonintheCurvaSud.
Expansionorrenovationplansareoftendiscussedatthehighestleveloftheclub'shierarchyandthe
ComunediParma,butnoprojecthasreceivedunanimoussupport.Thisispartlybecausethefootball
clubrentthestadiumandoftenhaveinterestswhichconflictwiththoseofthemunicipalauthority.The
tenancyexpiresin2031.Oneprojectwhichbothclubandcouncilhadagreedonwasthepotential
redevelopmentforItaly'spotentialhostingofEuro2016.Thebidwaseventuallyunsuccessful,but
includedplansforanimproved31,397allseaterstadium.[51]Analternativetothedevelopmentofthe
Tardiniistheconstructionofanewstadium.RecentreportssuggestthestadiumisunfitforuseinUEFA
competitionsduetotheinadequacyofitsseating.[52]Eitherway,thestateofstadiumownershipinItaly,
whereonlyJuventusowntheirstadium,iswidelyviewedasunsatisfactory.[53][54][55]
ThefirstteamtrainsandplaysmostofitshomefriendlymatchesattheCentroSportivodiCollecchioin
Collecchio,whichislocated15.4kilometrestothesouthwestofthestadium.ThreeofParma'syouth
teamstheunder20s,theunder17sandtheunder16splaytheirhomematchesinthesame
complex.[56]Theunder15sandbelowtrainatCampiStuard.[57]
Support
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ThesupportersofParmaareseenasplacidfans,somethingforwhichtheyarederided.[58]Traditionally,
theyhavebeenseenasfanswhoenjoythespectacleoffootballandare
lesspartisan,althoughtheyhavebeenmorecharacterisedbyimpatience
oflate.[16]InNortheastItaly,theteamisthefifthbestsupported,behind
Internazionale,Juventus,A.C.MilanandBologna,thefirstthreeof
whicharenotbasedinthatregion.[59]Theyarerepresentedbythree
maingroups:ilCentrodiCoordinamentodeiParmaClub(which
representsmostofthefanbase),l'AssociazionePetitotandtheclub's
ultras,BoysParma,whichwasestablishedon3August1977byyoung
fanswantingtosplitfromtheCentrodiCoordinamentoandtoencourage
meetingswithoppositionfans.[60]TheBoysParmaoccupythenorthern
endofthehomestadium,LaCurvaNord,directlyoppositetowherethe
awayfanssitinthesouthstand.[50]In2008,theCurvaNordwas
Thecoatofarmsofthe
renamedinhonourofBoysParma1977memberMatteoBagnaresi,who
HouseofFarnesecreators
diedwhenhewasrunoveronthewaytotheTardinibyacoachwhich
oftheDuchyofParma
[61]
wascarryingtheoppositionJuventusfans. Inanotuncommon
whosecoloursarethe
practice,thenumber12shirthasbeenreservedfortheParmafans,
inspirationformanyofthe
meaningnoplayerisregisteredtoplaywiththatnumberonhiskitfor
club'skits
theclub.Theimplicationisthatthesupporters,particularlythoseofthe
famousCurvaNord,arethetwelfthman.Thelastplayertoberegistered
withthenumberwasGabrieleGiroliforthe200203season.Parma'sclubanthemisIlgridodi
battaglia,whichmeansTheBattleCry.[62]For201112,Parmahad7,559seasonticketholders.[63]
Rivalries
Parmamaintainsrivalrieswithregionalandnationalclubssomeofthesearekeenlyfoughtlocal
derbies.Historically,Derbydell'Enza(or,lesscommonly,DerbydelGrana)[nb1]opponentsReggiana
andDerbyd'Emilia[nb2]opponentsBolognahavebeentheclub'sbitterestrivals.[64][65]Theillfeeling
withReggianacomesfromatraditionalcityrivalrybetweenParmaandReggioEmiliaBolognaand
ParmaareEmiliaRomagna'stwomostdecoratedclubs,winningtheregion'sonlydomestictitles:7
SerieAtitlesand5CoppeItalia.TwootherlocalderbiesaretheDerbydeiDucati,[nb3]whichis
contestedwithneighboursModena,andtheDerbydelDucato,[nb4]whichisplayedagainstPiacenza.[65]
Despitetheirrelativeobscurity,LombardiansideCremoneseandTuscanoutfitCarrarese,toParma's
northandsouth,respectively,arebothseenasrivalstoo.Oftheselocalderbies,onlytheDerbyd'Emilia
isplayedregularlybecauseonlyBolognaplayinSerieAalongsideParma.
JuventusisconsideredagreatrivalofParmalargelyduetotheirrecentduels,whichincludeParma's
1995UEFACupvictory,itsfirstandthirdCoppaItaliatriumphs,SupercoppaItalianadefeatsin1995
and2002,andits1995domesticcupfinaldefeattoTheOldLady.[66][67][68]Thesesixmatchescomprise
nearlyhalfofthefourteenmajorfinalsParmahasparticipatedin.Ironically,Parma'scolourshavetheir
originsinthoseJuventuswears,andtheswitchfromwhiteandblacktoayellowandbluehomekitin
thelate1990stookplaceinordertodistanceanddistinguishParmafromJuventus.Parmamaintain
keenlyfoughtrivalrieswithVicenzaandGenoa.
InItaly,itiscommonforclubstobetwinnedinanarrangementcalledgemellaggi.Thisisapractice
uncommonelsewhere.[69]ParmaenjoyamicablerelationswithEmpoliinanarrangementthatdatesback
toagameplayedinfoggyconditionsin1984thatendedintheParmafanscongratulatingthoseof
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EmpoliontheirwinwhenthefulltimewhistlewasblownwithouttheAzzurrifans'knowledge.[70][71]
PerhapsamorecurrentbondisfelttowardsthefansofSampdoria.[72][73]
Ownershipandfinances
In1991,theclubwasboughtbymultinationalItalian
ParmaF.C.S.p.A.
dairyandfoodcorporationParmalat.Thiswasthe
platformforsuccessonthepitchbuttheclub
Type
S.p.A.
eventuallysuccumbedtoadministrationin2004due
103M(201314)[74]
Revenue
totheimproprietyofitsowners,includinga77m
Operatingincome
(9M)(201314)[74]
lossbytheclubin2002andfraudatParmalat
reportedlyexceeding10bn.[79][24][26]On24January
Netincome
(14M)(201314)[74][75]
2007,engineeringentrepreneurTommasoGhirardi
221M(201314)[74]
Totalassets
boughttheclubforlessthan3mafterthreeyearsof
administrationandincorporatedEventiSportiviasa
10M(201314)[74][75]
Totalequity
holdingcompanyowning100%oftheclub's20
Numberof
124(201314)[74]
millionshares.[28]By21January2009,Ghirardi's
employees
ownershipofEventiSportiviwas75%withBanca
EventiSportiviS.p.A.
Parent
MonteParmaholding10%andMarcoFerrari,former
(90%)[76]
vicepresidentDiegoPenocchioandPenocchio's
MapiGrup(66.55%)[77]
companyBrixiaIncipiteachowning5%.[80]InJuly
Others(33.45%)
2011,GhirardisoldtobothAlbertoRossiandAlberto
EnergyT.I.GroupS.p.A.
Volpi5%eachofEventiSportivi.[81]On29February
(10%)[78]
2014,EnergyT.I.Groupbought10%ofthesharesin
theclubfromEventiSportivi.[82]On19December
2014andasaresultofarulingwhichbarredtheclubfromafirstEuropeancampaignunderTommaso
Ghirardi,Ghirardisoldhis66.55%controllingstakeinEventiSportivitoDastrasoHoldingLtd,a
companybasedinCyprusandcontrolledbyRezartTaifor1.[41]TheclubbecamethethirdSerieA
clubtobecomeforeignownedasaresult.[83]Tai'sownershipwasshortlivedasheresoldhissharesfor
1on5February2015toMapiGrup,aSloveniancompanyownedbyGiampietroManenti.[84][85]
InSeptember2012,LaGazzettadelloSportreportedtheclubhadthefourteenthhighestannualsalary
billinItalianfootball,paying21.2Mto25players,[86][87]althoughthesereportedfiguresaregenerally
underestimates,astheyonlyincludethebasicsalariesofthefirstteamsquadtheclubreportedthe
figuretobe38.1Mforthepreviousseason(89%ofnontransferrevenueUEFArecommendsthistobe
below70%).[88]Fromthe201011season,SerieAclubshavecollectivetelevisionrightsratherthan
individuallynegotiatedrightsforthefirsttimesince199899,mimickingtheworld'smostcommercially
successfulleague:thePremierLeague.Thedomesticrightstobroadcastlivematchesfor201113were
soldfor1.748bntoSkyItaliaandRAI,amongothers,andMP&Silvaboughttheworldwiderightsfor
181.5Mfor201012.[89][90]ThesefiguresresultedinhigherbroadcastingrevenuesforParma,with
largerclubssufferingfromthecentralisationofthesellingofrights,althoughclubsdonotreceivean
equalshareandParma'ssupport,recentandhistoricalresults,andthecity'ssize,countagainstthemin
theassessmentofexactshares.Theclubhasthreeoffices:oneattheStadioEnnioTardini,oneatthe
CentroSportivodiCollecchioandoneinShanghai.[91]
Players
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Firstteamsquad
Asof5February,2015.[92]
Note:FlagsindicatenationalteamasdefinedunderFIFAeligibilityrules.PlayersmayholdmorethanonenonFIFA
nationality.
No.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
13
14
15
17
18
Position
Player
DF MattiaCassani
AndiLila(onloanfromPAS
MF
Giannina)
DF PedroMendes
FW AbdelkaderGhezzal
DF AlessandroLucarelli(captain)
MF JonathanBiabiany
MF JosMauri
FW IshakBelfodil
DF GiuseppePrestia
MF DanieleGalloppa
DF AndreaCosta
FW RaffaelePalladino
MF MassimoGobbi
No.
Position
21
MF
22
GK
23
MF
24
MF
26
FW
27
28
31
80
83
88
91
DF
DF
MF
MF
GK
FW
GK
92
GK
Player
FrancescoLodi(onloanfrom
Catania)
AlessandroIacobucci
AntonioNocerino(onloan
fromMilan)
CristianRodrguez(onloan
fromAtlticoMadrid)
SilvestreVarela(onloanfrom
Porto)
FabianoSantacroce
ZouhairFeddal
McDonaldMariga
CristbalJorquera
AntonioMirante
MassimoCoda
PavolBajza
Marijanori
Outonloan
nationality.
No.
1
9
13
20
26
48
60
Position
Player
GK AlexCordaz(atCrotone)
FW NicolaPozzi(atChievo)
DF StefanRistovski(atLatina)
MF SoufianeBidaoui(atLatina)
GianlucaMusacci(at
MF
Frosinone)[93]
AlbertoCerri(atVirtus
FW
Lanciano)[94]
MF
FilipJankovi(atCatania)[95]
GK
IvanCacchioli(atL'Aquila)[96]
AlessandroPiacenti(atVigor
Lamezia)[97]
GK
No.
Position
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
Player
LucaBerardocco(at
Crotone)[115]
AndreaCasarini(atBassano)
CosimoChiric(atAscoli
Picchio)[106]
FedericoDiFrancesco(at
Cremonese)[116]
AndreaDragonetti(at
Salernitana)[117]
FrancescoFinocchio(at
Pisa)[118]
ManuelGiandonato(at
Salernitana)[119]
9/27
3/3/2015
GK
GK
GK
GK
GK
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
MF
MF
MatteoPisseri(atJuve
Stabia)[98]
NicolaRavaglia(at
Cosenza)[99]
MirkoRonchi(atSalernitana)
AndreaRossini(atSavona)
MF
[100]
MF
StefanoRusso(at
Salernitana)[101]
ErricoAltobello(at
Messina)[102]
MarcoModolo(atCarpiF.C.
1909)
AngeloBencivenga(at
Foggia)[103]
DarioCastaldo(at
Lumezzane)[104]
PaoloDametto(atPrato)[105]
CristianDell'Orco(atAscoli
Picchio)[106]
AbdelayeDiakit(at
Teramo)[107]
MatteoDiGennaro(at
Renate)[108]
AlessandroFavalli(at
Cremonese)[109]
GianmarcoFerrari(at
Crotone)[110]
AbelGigli(atCrotone)[111]
AlbertoGiuliatto(at
Venezia)[112]
MatteoLegittimo(atGrosseto)
GiordanoMaccarone(at
L'Aquila)[96]
MarcoPaolini(atSan
Marino)[113]
AndreaRossi(atLatina)[114]
CristianoSpirito(atVigor
Lamezia)[97]
GiuseppePacini(atA.C.
Tuttocuoio1957SanMiniato)
BadaraSarr(atCatanzaro)
YvesBenoitBationo(atSan
Marino)
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
MF
FW
FW
FW
FW
FW
FW
FW
FW
FW
FW
AntonioGrillo(at
Salernitana)[117]
AntonioMaglia(atVigor
Lamezia)[97]
MicheleMoroni(at
Cremonese)[120]
StefanoMorrone(atPisa)[121]
DomenicoMungo(at
Pistoiese)[122]
GianniMunari(at
Watford)[123]
CristianPedrinelli(at
Renate)[124]
GabrielePuccio(atVigor
Lamezia)[97]
StefanoRossini(atVigor
Lamezia)[97]
MattiaSandrini(atReal
Vicenza)[125]
AndreaScicchitano(at
Santarcangelo)[126]
MattiaSprocati(at
Crotone)[127]
DnielTzsr(at
Watford)[128]
GianlucaTurchetta(at
Matera)[129]
JormanAguilar(at
Olhanense)
JuanAntonio(at
FeralpiSal)[130]
DanieleBernasconi(at
L'Aquila)[96]
CamilloCiano(atCrotone)[131]
MauroCioffi(at
Vllaznia)[132]
RiccardoCocuzza(at
Renate)[133]
DenilsonGabionetta(at
Salernitana)[134]
GianlucaLapadula(at
Teramo)[107]
GonzaloMastriani(at
Olhanense)[135]
GianvitoMisuraca(atPisa)[136]
10/27
3/3/2015
FW
FW
FW
VitoFalconieri(at
Santarcangelo)
AlessandroLuparini(atMelfi)
GiuseppeCaccavallo(at
Casertana)
AtGubbio
nationality.
No.
Position
Player
DF AlbertoGaluppo
DF PietroManganelli[137]
MF
No.
Position
Player
MF TommasoDomini[137]
DanieleCasiraghi[137]
MF
MassimoLoviso[138]
FW
MicheleBentoglio[137]
AtPaganese
nationality.
No.
Position
Player
DF TommasoCancelloni[139]
DF
MF
At
No.
Position
Player
MF FrancescoDeli[141]
AngeloTartaglia[140]
PietroBaccolo
FW
CristianoBussi[142]
Gorica
nationality.
No.
Position
Player
DF Matijairok
DF AlenJogan
DF LorenzoPasqualini[143]
No.
Position
Player
DF RonaldoVanin
MF AmedejVetrih
Passivecoownership
OnlysoldfromParmawerelisted
nationality.
No.
Position
Player
GK FrancescoAnacoura(with
Juventus)
No.
Position
Player
MF SimonePalermo(with
Cremonese)
11/27
3/3/2015
GK
GK
DF
DF
DiegoManzoni(withGenoa)
CaioSecco(withCrotone)
FedericoDavighi(withNovara)
DembelSall(withBari)
MF
FW
FW
FW
Tomislavari(withCrotone)
AndreaBrighenti(with
Cremonese)
GrgoireDefrel(withCesena)
MiloMalivojevi(with
Vicenza)
Coownershipdealsexpire30June2015.
Otherplayersundercontract
nationality.
No.
Position
Player
GK RobertStillo
DF MauroCerquetani
DF SimoneCiciotti
DF CarlosGarca
DF ThomasFabbri
MF GodfredAdofo
MF MatteoBellucci
MF GiovanniCatalano
MF MatteoCiuffetti
MF GianmariaCucurnia
MF LuigiDelGiudice
No.
Position
Player
MF GabrielePaonessa
MF Vicente
FW BriceBonelli
FW TomasDanileviius
FW GiuseppeDeVincentis
FW NicolLolli
FW SimoneSmacchia
FW BongouraThiam
FW LeandroCampagna
FW DanieleGragnoli
Retirednumbers
12Sincethe200203season,CurvaNordoftheStadioEnnioTardini,asasignofrecognition
towardsthefanswhositintheCurvaNord,consideredthe12thmaninthepitch.
Academy
ForinformationonParma'syouthteams,seeParmaF.C.Academy.
Formerplayers
Fordetailsofformerplayers,seeListofParmaF.C.playersandCategory:ParmaF.C.players.
Clubcaptains
Foralistofclubcaptains,seeListofParmaF.C.players#Clubcaptains.
Playerrecords
Forplayerrecords,includingplayerawards,seeParmaF.C.statisticsandrecords.
12/27
3/3/2015
Clubofficials
Boardroom[144]
President:GiampietroManenti[4]
Managingdirector:PietroLeonardi[4]
Technicaldirector:AntonelloPreiti[4]
Clubsecretary:AlessioPaini[4]
Teammanager:AlessandroMelli[4]
Coachingstaff
Headcoach:RobertoDonadoni[4]
Assistantcoach:LucaGotti[4]
Fitnesscoaches:GiovanniAndreini,NiccolPrandelli[4]
Goalkeepingcoach:LucaBucci[4]
Technicalcoach:MarioBortolazzi[4]
Youthteamheadcoach:FaustoPizzi[145]
Presidentialhistory
Parmahashadnumerouspresidentsoverthecourseofitshistoryhereisacompletelistofthem:[146]
Name
Years
Violi,Porcelliand
Spaggiari
1913
14
CarloMelliandAlberto
Poletti
1914
15
Ing.Tedeschi
1919
20
ConteL.Lusignani
1920
21
EnnioTardini
1921
23
Gabbi
1923
24
GiuseppeMuggiaand
Amoretti
1924
25
AldoOrtali
1925
26
GiovanniCanali
1926
28
13/27
3/3/2015
EmilioGrossi
1928
29
Name
1929
30
GiuseppeAmoretti
1930
35
CesareMinelli
Years
UmbertoAgnetti,DelFrate,Campanini
andViani
195354
FabrizioCartolari
195458
GiuseppeAgnetti
195865
EmilioGrossi
1935
36
WalterMolinari
196566
GinoCamorali
196667
FilippoBonati
1936
37
VittorioBlarzino
196768
ZanichelliandPizzighoni
196869
NinoMedioli
1937
38
ErmesFoglia
196973
ArnaldoMusini
197376
MedardoGhini
1938
40
ErnestoCeresini
197690
GiuseppeScotti
1940
43
FulvioCeresini
1990
GiorgioPedraneschi
199096
GiorgioZanichelli
1945
46
StefanoTanzi
199604
EnricoBondi
2004
RaimondoBortesi
1946
47
GuidoAngiolini
200406
AmerigoGhirardi
1947
48
EnricoBondi
200607
TommasoGhirardi
20072014
BrunoAvanzini
1948
51
PietroDoca
2014[147]
BonifazioLupidiSoragna
1951
53
FabioGiordano
2014[147]
ErmirKodra
2014
2015[42]
GiampietroManenti
2015
present[3]
Managerialhistory
BelowisalistofParmamanagerssincetheendoftheFirstWorldWaruntilthepresentday.[146]
Name
Nationality Years
Violi,
Porcelli,
Spaggiari
1919
20
Percy
Humphrey
1920
21
Adolf
Riebe
1921
23
GuidoAra
1923
24
Name
Nationality Years
Carlo
Rigotti
1949
50
Giovanni
Mazzoni,
Boni,
Mattioli
1950
51
Paolo
Tabanelli
1951
53
Name
Nationality Years
Bruno
Mora
1983
Marino
Perani
1983
85
Silvano
Flaborea
1985
Pietro
Carmignani
1985
Carlo
14/27
3/3/2015
Gabbi,
Forlivesi
1924
25
Carlo
Achatzi
1925
26
Ghini,
Stuardt
1926
27
Emilio
Grossi
1927
28
Raoul
Violi
1928
29
Emilio
Grossi
1929
30
Armand
Halmos
1930
31
Emilio
Grossi
Alberto
Quario
1953
54
Ivo
Fiorentini
1954
56
Oliveri,
Giuberti
1956
57
estmr
Vycplek
1956
58
Guido
Mazetti
1958
60
Mario
Genta
1960
62
Canforini
1962
63
1931
32
Diotallevi,
Arnaldo
Sentimenti
1963
64
Crotti
1932
33
Oliveri,
Giuberti
1956
57
Tito
Mistrali
1933
36
Bruno
Arcari
1964
65
Alfredo
Mattioli
1936
37
Ivano
Corghi
1965
66
Elvio
Banchero
PlSzalaj
Jzsef
Wereb
Sam
Trevors
Italo
Defendi
Giuseppe
Carlo
Ferrari
1937 Dante
38
Boni
1938 Giancarlo
39
Vitali
1939 Dante
40
Boni
1940 Giancarlo
42
Vitali
1942 Stefano
43
Angeleri
1945
46
Giorgio
Sereni
Renato
Cattaneo,
Lombatti,
Frione,
Mistrali
1946
47
Bruno
Dentelli,
Giovanni
Mazzoni,
Dietrich,
Tagliani
1947
48
Antonio
Soncini
Renato
Gei
Giovanni
Meregalli
TitoCorsi
Bruno
Mora
Arrigo
Sacchi
1985
87
Zdenk
Zeman
1987
Giampiero
Vitali
1987
89
Nevio
Scala
1989
96
Carlo
Ancelotti
1996
98
Alberto
Malesani
1998
01
Arrigo
Sacchi
2001
Renzo
Ulivieri
2001
Daniel
Passarella
2001
Pietro
Carmignani
2001
02
Cesare
Prandelli
2002
04
Silvio
Baldini
2004
05
1965
Pietro
67
Carmignani
1967
Mario
68
Beretta
1968
Stefano
69
Pioli
1969
Claudio
70
Ranieri
1970
Domenico
72
DiCarlo
1972
Hctor
Cper
1973
Andrea
74
Manzo
1974
Luigi
75
Cagni
1975
Francesco
76
Guidolin
1976
77
Pasquale
1977
2005
2005
06
2006
07
2007
2007
08
2008
2008
2008
2008
10
Marino
2010
11
Franco
2011
15/27
3/3/2015
Renato
Cattaneo,
Giuberti,
Mistrali,
Giuseppe
Carlo
Ferrari,
Lombatti,
Carlo
Rigotti
1948
49
Gianni
Corelli,
Giorgio
Visconti
1977
78
Graziano
Landoni
1978
Cesare
Maldini
1978
80
Domenico
Rosati
1980
81
Giorgio
Sereni
1981
Giancarlo
Danova
1981
83
Colomba
12
Roberto
Donadoni
2012
Honours
Parmahaswoneightmajortitlesintheirhistory(aswellasoneSerieBtitle),allcominginaperiodof
tenyearsbetween1992and2002.[148]Thesehonoursmakeittheeleventhmostsuccessfulteamin
Italianfootballhistoryintermsofthenumberofmajortrophieswon,thefourthmostsuccessfulteamin
Europeancompetition,afterMilan,JuventusandInter,andoneofthirteenItalianclubstohavewon
multiplemajortitles.
National
CoppaItalia:
Winners(3):199192,199899,200102
Runnersup(2):199495,200001
SupercoppaItaliana:
Winners(1):1999
Runnersup(3):1992,1995,2002
SerieA:
Runnersup(1):199697
SerieB:
Runnersup(1):200809
European
UEFACup:
Winners(2):199495,199899
16/27
3/3/2015
EuropeanSuperCup:
Winners(1):1993
EuropeanCupWinners'Cup:
Winners(1):199293
Runnersup(1):199394
Minor
PrimaDivisione:
Runnersup(1):192829[nb5]
SecondaDivisione:
Winners(1):192425[nb6]
Promozione:
Runnersup(1):191920[nb7]
SerieC:
Winners(4):195354,197273,[nb8]198384,[nb9]1985
HernnCrespo(picturedin
2011)representedtheclubin
twospells,winningthree
trophiesandbecomingthe
club'salltimerecord
goalscorer.
86[nb9]
Runnersup(2):194243,[nb10]197879[nb9]
SerieD:
Winners(1):196970[nb11]
CoppadelleAlpi:
Winners(1):196061[nb12]
Notes
1. ^Derbydell'EnzatranslatestoEnzaDerby.TheRiverEnzaisanaffluenceofItaly'slongestriver,thePo,
andformstheboundaryoftheprovincesofParmaandReggioEmilia.DerbydelGranatranslatestoGrana
Derby.Granaisatypeofhard,maturecheese,ofwhichParmigianoReggiano,orParmesancheese,isan
example.ThecheeseisnamedaftertheproducingareasnearParma,ReggioEmilia,ModenaandBologna,all
inEmiliaRomagna),andMantova(inLombardia),Italy.UnderItalianlaw,onlycheeseproducedinthese
provincesmaybelabelled"ParmigianoReggiano"andEuropeanlawclassifiesthenameasaprotected
designationoforigin.ParmigianoistheItalianadjectiveforParma.ReggianoistheItalianadjectivefor
ReggioEmilia,Reggiana'shomecity.
2. ^Derbyd'EmiliawouldbetranslatedtoEmiliaDerby.Emiliaisaregionthatapproximatelycorrespondsto
thewesternandnortheasternportionsoftodaysEmiliaRomagna.TheregiontakesitsnamefromtheVia
Aemilia,aRomanroadin187BCE.
3. ^DerbydeiDucatimeansDerbyoftheDuchies,theduchiesinquestionbeingthoseofModenaandReggio
17/27
3/3/2015
3. ^DerbydeiDucatimeansDerbyoftheDuchies,theduchiesinquestionbeingthoseofModenaandReggio
andParma.TheseterritorieswerecompetingandneighbouringduchiesduringtheRenaissance.
4. ^DerbydelDucatoistheItalianequivalentofDerbyoftheDuchy.TheDuchyofParmawascreatedin1545
andbecametheunifiedDuchiesofParmaandPiacenzain1556.
5. Âtthetime,thiswasoneof3parallelregionalsecondtierdivisions.
8. Âtthetime,thiswasoneof3parallelregionalthirdtierdivisions.
9. âbcAtthetime,thiswasoneof2parallelregionalthirdtierdivisions.
10. Âtthetime,thiswasoneof12parallelregionalthirdtierdivisions.
11. Âtthetime,thiswasoneof9parallelregionalfourthtierdivisions.
12. ^ParmacompetedasarepresentativeofItaly.
Footnotes
1. âbcd"Informacje"[Information](http://www.fcparma.com.pl/informacje.php).FCParma.com.pl(in
Polish).Retrieved6January2012.
2. âbc"Stadium"(http://fcparma.com/descrizionestadio?lang=en).FCParma.com.ParmaF.C.Retrieved
22December2013.
3. âb"ComunicatoStampa"[Pressrelease](http://fcparma.com/news/comunicatostampa14?lang=it)(in
Italian).9February2015.
4. âbcdefghijk"Organisation"(http://fcparma.com/dirigenti?lang=en).FCParma.com.ParmaF.C.
Retrieved22December2013.
5. ^Mynk,K.C.(17April2009)."HowtheMightyHaveFallen:TheDeclineof10UntouchableFootball
Clubs"(http://bleacherreport.com/articles/157851howthemightyhavefallenthefalloftenuntouchable
footballclubs#page/4).BleacherReport.com.BleacherReport.Retrieved1August2010.
6. ^Dunford(2011),p.793
7. ^Campanale,Susy(3July2011)."ParmaplayJuverole"(http://footballitalia.org/node/7023).Football
Italia.net.FootballItalia.Retrieved24July2011.
8. ^"ReturnoftheDon"(http://footballitalia.net/node/14591).FootballItalia.net(FootballItalia).13January
2012.Retrieved16January2012.
9. ^"ECAMembers"(http://www.ECAEurope.com/Default.aspx?
id=1082680&MembershipView=List&MembershipType=1081824).ecaeurope.com.EuropeanClub
Association.Retrieved1August2010.
10. ^"AboutECA"(http://www.ecaeurope.com/Default.aspx?id=1085058).ECAEurope.com.EuropeanClub
Association.Retrieved1August2010.
11. âb"Codiceetico"[Ethicalcode](http://fcparma.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/04/Codice
Etico_ParmaCalcio.pdf?lang=it)(inItalian).Retrieved24December2014.
12. âbcSappino(2000),p.986
13. âbcd"ParmaClubHistory"(http://www.footballitalia.net/clubs/Parma/history).FootballItalia.net.
FootballItalia.Retrieved12January2012.
14. âb"Parma"(http://www.goal.com/it/teams/italy/4/parma/info).Goal.com.Goal.com.Retrieved5January
2011.
abc
^ "DaGiuseppeVerdiaWembley..."[FromGiuseppeVerditoWembley]
18/27
3/3/2015
15. âbc"DaGiuseppeVerdiaWembley..."[FromGiuseppeVerditoWembley]
(http://www.gazzettadiparma.it/primapagina/dettaglio/6/25265/Da_Giuseppe_Verdi_a_Wembley.html).
GazzettadiParma(inItalian).Parma:EditriceGazzettadiParma.
16. âbcDunford(2011),pp.739740
17. âbcde"Parma:'90sPhenomenon"(http://ghostgoal.co.uk/2010/05/19/parma90sphenomenon/).
GhostGoal.co.uk.19May2010.Retrieved31July2010.
18. ^Barber,Tony(11January2005)."BondiinvitesbidsforParma"(http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4dd589d0
637611d9bec200000e2511c8.html#axzz1T81blXdG).FinancialTimes.Retrieved25July2011.
19. ^Morrow(2003),p.202
20. ^Wilson,Steve."Top10...Eurounderdogs"(http://www.footballitalia.net/topten/eurounderdogs.html).
FootballItalia.net.FootballItalia.Retrieved12December2010.
21. ^"Crespo"speechless"aftermakingParmareturn"(http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?
id=733646&sec=europe&cc=5739).Soccernet.ESPN.Go.com(ESPN(UK)).30January2010.Retrieved
15December2010.
22. ^Marcotti,Gabriele(24May2005)."Tacticalswitch"(http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,762
1624346,00.html).TheTimes(London:TimesNewspapers).Retrieved20July2010.
23. âbBandini,Paolo(23November2009)."SeventhsisterbackonthesceneasParmaperkupsiblingrivalry"
(http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/blog/2009/nov/23/parmaseventhsisterseriea).TheGuardian(London:
GuardianNewsandMedia).Retrieved9December2010.
24. âb"ParmaIsLatestInItalysSevenSistersOfSoccerToCrumble"
(http://www.financialexpress.com/news/parmaislatestinitalyssevensistersofsoccertocrumble/40612/).
TheFinancialExpress.10January2004.Retrieved9December2010.
25. ^"Parmalat:Timelinetoturmoil"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3369079.stm).BBCNews(British
BroadcastingCorporation).28September2005.Retrieved23November2010.
26. âbWilson,Bill(6January2004)."Parmalatscandalthreatensfootballclub"
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3373165.stm).BBCNews(BritishBroadcastingCorporation).Retrieved
23November2010.
27. ^Richardson,Ben(31December2003)."Tanzi'spathfromboardroomtojail"
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3358771.stm).BBCNews(BritishBroadcastingCorporation).Retrieved
23November2010.
28. âb"Ufficiale:IlParmadiGhirardi"[Official:ParmaisGhirardi's]
(http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Squadre/Parma/Primo_Piano/2007/01_Gennaio/24/ufficiale.shtml).LaGazzetta
delloSport(inItalian)(Milan:RCSMediaGroup).Retrieved29July2010.
29. ^"RanieriappointedcoachofParma"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/6356587.stm).BBC
Sport(BritishBroadcastingCorporation).13February2007.Retrieved1August2010.
30. ^Stanco,Sergio."LasalvezzaabitaaParma"[SalvationlivesinParma]
(http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/SerieA/Squadre/Parma/Primo_Piano/2007/05_Maggio/27/CRONACA.shtml).
LaGazzettadelloSport(inItalian)(Milan:RCSMediaGroup).Retrieved29July2010.
31. ^Horncastle,James(13March2008)."CrosstoBear"(http://footballitalia.net/blogs/jh10.html).Football
Italia.net.FootballItalia.Retrieved9December2010.
32. ^Carminati,Nadia(24May2010)."UdineseappointGuidolin"
(http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11876_6170763,00.html).SkySports.com(SkySports).Retrieved
1August2010.
33. ^Carminati,Nadia(2June2010)."ParmaappointMarino"
19/27
3/3/2015
1August2010.
34. ^Carminati,Nadia(3April2011)."ParmawieldaxeonMarino"
4April2011.
35. ^"Salvezzaraggiunta:cisarilParmanellaSerieA2011/12"[Safetyachieved:Parmawillbeinthe2011/12
SerieA](http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=26466).Sportsbook24.net(inItalian)
(Sportsbook24).Retrieved13May2011.
36. ^"Fataleil50conl'Inter,esoneratoColomba"[50withInterfatal:Colombafired]
(http://www.corriere.it/sport/12_gennaio_09/esonerocolombaparma_870d65303b0d11e18a43
34573d1838c1.shtml).CorrieredellaSera(inItalian)(Milan:RCSMediaGroup).9January2012.Retrieved
11January2012.
37. ^Salsano,Francesco(13May2012)."Parma,settimadarecord"[Parma,recordseventh]
(http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Squadre/Parma/13052012/parmarecorddivaiosalutaa
911215771126.shtml).LaGazzettadelloSport(inItalian)(RCSMediaGroup).
38. ^"ParmaloseappealforUEFAlicense[sic]"(http://www.espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1836553/parma
europaleagueplacehandedtorino?cc=5739).29May2014.
39. ^"Parmadeductedonepointforfinancialissues"(http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/parmadeductedone
pointfinancialissues).FourFourTwo(HaymarketGroup).9December2014.
40. ^Bandini,Paolo(26January2015)."Parma'sshrinkingvioletsfacingasourfutureinSerieA"
(http://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2015/jan/26/parmasshrinkingvioletsfacingasourfuturein
seriea).TheGuardian.London:GuardianNewsandMedia.
41. âb"PARMAFCALLADASTRASOHOLDINGSLIMITED.ILPRESIDENTEFABIOGIORDANO:
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ParmaFootball19132003](inItalian).Parma:AzzaliEditore.
Dunford,Martin(1March2011).TheRoughGuidetoItaly(http://books.google.co.uk/books?
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23February2012.
Giulianotti,Richard(16August1999).Football:asociologyoftheglobalgame
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Melegari,Fabrizio,ed.(2007).CalciatoridelParma(ICrociatinellefigurinePanini)[Parma
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Morrow,Stephen(30September2003).Thepeople'sgame?:football,finance,andsociety
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Externallinks
Officialwebsite(http://fcparma.com/home/?lang=en)
(English)(Italian)
Parma(http://www.legaseriea.it/en/seriea
WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoParma
FootballClub.
tim/squadre/campionato//squadre/Parma/campionato/1722)atSerieA(English)(Italian)
Parma(http://www.footballitalia.net/clubs/Parma/)atFootballItalia
Parma(http://soccernet.espn.go.com/team/_/id/115/parma?cc=5739)atESPNSoccernet
Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parma_F.C.&oldid=649689097"
Categories: ParmaF.C. FootballclubsinItaly FootballclubsinEmiliaRomagna
Associationfootballclubsestablishedin1913 ItalianfootballFirstDivisionclubs SerieAclubs
CoppaItaliawinners 1913establishmentsinItaly
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon3March2015,at14:09.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionalterms
mayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipediaisa
registeredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.
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