MAIN FINDINGS

The important findings of the survey conducted at Pune centre

are given below:
SCOPE OF SURVEY
1.

The survey covered workers engaged in four organized sectors

of employment viz Registered Factories, Electricity Generating
and Distributing Establishments, Public Motor Transport
Undertakings and Railways.

2.

The total number of working class families covered during the

survey was 648.
ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE CENTRE

3.

The estimated total number of working class families as defined

for the purpose of the survey was about 1.22 lakh.

4.

The estimated total number of employees in these families was

about 1.49 lakh.

5.

The average monthly income per employee from paid

employment worked out to Rs. 7129.47 at current prices and
Rs. 1494.65 at constant prices of 1982.

6.

Manufacture of general purpose machinery industry dominated

in terms of employment.

7.

About 81 per cent were employed on a regular basis, 11.44 per

cent were on casual basis and the remaining 7.91 per cent on
contractual basis.
FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS

8.

The average size of a working class family worked out to be

4.64 persons of which 1.08 were earners, 0.27 earning
dependants and 3.29 non-earning dependants, consisting of
1.70 men, 1.59 women and 1.35 children.

9.

The modal family size was with four and five members.

10. The estimated total number of family members was 5.65 lakh,
of which, 51.53 per cent were males. Of the total family
members, 46.49 per cent were married, 5.07 per cent were
widowed, divorced or separated and the remaining 48.44 per
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Pune

cent were unmarried which included 29.08 per cent family

members in the age group of below 15 year.
11. The dependency ratio was 489/1000.
12. About 10 percent of the family members (5 years of age and
above) were illiterate and 4.34 per cent were graduate and
above.
13. About 28 per cent of the family members (5 years of age and
above) were employees and about 68 per cent were not in
labour force.
14. Of all the families, 92.61 per cent of the families had one
earner, 6.48 per cent had two earners and the remaining 0.91
per cent had three earners.
FAMILY INCOME AND RECEIPTS
15. The average monthly income per family and the per capita
income worked out to be Rs. 9995.29 and Rs. 2151.93,
respectively. At constant prices of 1982, the monthly income
per family and the per capita income worked out to be Rs.
2095.45 and Rs. 451.14, respectively. The average monthly
income per family and the per capita income were Rs 989.11
and Rs. 201.52, respectively in 1981-82 survey.
16. As much as 87.22 per cent of the total average monthly income
came from paid employment.
17. Within the paid employment, basic wages and allowances
contributed about 81 per cent of the total income.
FAMILY EXPENDITURE AND DISBURSEMENTS
18. The average expenditure per family was Rs. 7638.74. The
average expenditure per family at constant prices of 1982
worked out to be 1601.41. The average expenditure per family
was Rs 1059.78 in 1981-82 survey. Out of total expenditure,
Rs. 6729.43 was on consumption expenditure and Rs. 909.31
was on non-consumption expenditure.
19. Within consumption expenditure, the share of food items was
39.76 per cent.
20. As much as 93.94 per cent of the families had spent less than
45 percent of their total expenditure on food.
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Pune

21. There was substantially decline in the percentage of families

reporting expenditure on tobacco & tobacco products and a
marginal rise on pan, supari and alcoholic beverages as
compared to 1981-82 survey.
22. The percentage of families reporting expenditure on personal
care, and transport & communication during 1999-2000
increased marginally as compared to 1981-82 survey while the
increase in expenditure on education & reading was observed
substantially.
FOOD CONSUMPTION
23. The average monthly quantity of Cereals and Cereal Products
consumed per family worked out to be 44.24 Kgs, of which
major share was accounted for by wheat (18.81 Kgs) and rice
(13.00 Kgs). The per capita consumption of Cereals and Cereal
Products was 9.53 Kgs.
24. The average monthly consumption of milk per family has
increased substantially to 25.16 litres from 16.19 litres in 198182 survey.
BUDGETARY POSITION
25. About 82 per cent of families recorded an average surplus
income as compared to about 49 per cent in 1981-82. The
budgetary position showed an overall average surplus of Rs.
2356.55 over per family expenditure as compared to an overall
average deficit of Rs. 70.67 in 1981-82.
INDEBTNESS
26. The average amount of outstanding debt per indebted family
worked out to be Rs. 59809.13.
27. The incidence of indebtedness worked out to be 68.46 per cent
during 1999-2000 as compared to 74.20 per cent in 1981-82
survey.
28. Despite high rates of interest charged, the Co-operative credit
societies was one of the main source of loans and the
proportion of families availing loans from them rose to cent per
cent as compared to 52.42 per cent in 1981-82 survey.

Pune

29. The proportion of families availing loan from Moneylenders

declined to 2.71 per cent in 1999-2000 as compared to 4.07
per cent in 1981-82 survey.
HOUSING
30. Of all the families, 92.85 per cent had made their own
arrangements for accommodation, 5.96 per cent were provided
dwellings by the employers and the remaining 1.19 per cent
were residing in the dwellings provided by friends and relatives
etc.
31. About 42 per cent of the families were residing in chawlbustees; 28.17 per cent were using flats as their residence and
28.57 per cent had independent houses.
32. The percentage of families enjoying basic amenities like
kitchen, bathroom, latrine and electricity was 66.27 per cent,
47.62 per cent, 75.40 per cent and 98.41 per cent respectively.

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Pune