Determination Formula of Local Earthquake Magnitude

Republic of Iraq
Ministry of Higher Education

and Scientific Research
University of Baghdad
College of Science
Department of Geology
Determination Formula of Local Earthquake Magnitude for

Iraqi Seismological Network
A Thesis
Submitted to the Council College of Science
University of Baghdad in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in (Geophysics)
By:
Maythem Abdul Qadir Al Dabbagh

B.Sc. Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad
1997
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Nawal Abd Al ridha
1435
2014
) (
The Supervisor Certification

I certify that this thesis entitled Determination Formula of Local Earthquake
Magnitude for Iraqi Seismological Network has been prepared under my
supervision in the department of Geology, College of Science, University of
Baghdad in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of
science in Geology (Geophysics).
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Declaration
This is to certify the thesis titled:
Determination Formula of Local Earthquake Magnitude for Iraqi Seismological
Network
Submitted by : Maythem Abdul Qadir Al-Dabbag
Department: Geology department
College:
College of science
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Contents
Item Subject
Page
Chapter(1): An introduction
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Aim of Study
1.3
Procedure of Study
1.4
location of Studded Area
1.5
Previous Studies
1.5.1
World Studies
1.5.2
Some Regional Studies
1.5.3
Calculating Magnitude in Iraqi Seismological Network
1.6
Tectonics and Seismotectonics of the Studied Area
1.6.1
Tectonic Framework of Arabian Plate
1.6.2
Tectonic and Seismotectonics of Iraq
1.7
Seismic Activities in Iraq
Chapter(2):Local magnitude scale derivation

2
Preface
10
Introduction
10
2.2
Moment Magnitude
11
2.2.1
Definition
11
2.2.2
Seismic Moment From Seismic Record
11
2.2.3
Seismic Moment_ Corner Frequency Relationship and Saturation 13
Item Subject
Page
2.3
Historical Development of the Local Magnitude Scale
16
2.3.1
Richter Scale as Richter Represented
16
2.3.2
Instrument and Syntheses
19
2.3.3
Attenuation Function
21
2.3.4
ML Scale Derivation, Formulation and Methodology
22
2.4
Hypocenter_ Station Distance Calculation
25
2.5
Structure of Seisan Software
25
Chapter(3):Instrument response removal to read amplitude

3
Preface
27
3.1
Magnification of the Digital Recording System Used in ISN
27
3.2
Ground Motion Determination
29
3.3
Wood-Anderson Seismometer Magnification
32
3.4
Synthetic WA Amplitude
34
3.5
Wood Anderson Synthesis from Digital Data
36
3.6
Reading Amplitude by Seisan Sofware
37
3.7
Verification of Seisan Software
41
Chapter(4):Working with data

4.1
Data Collection and Preparation
44
4.2
Data Set Used in the Present Study
47
4.3
Hutton and Boor, 1987 Study, a Review
52
4.4
Linear Least Square Fitting Execution
53
Item Subject
Page
4.4.1
Examining Formula (4-3) and Formula (4-4) Statistically
54
4.4.2
A Comparison Between Hutton, 1987 and MLH (ISN) Formula
55
4.5
Attenuation Curve Study
58
4.6
Relationship between average Wood-Anderson amplitude to the

vertical and horizontal componants
ISN Two formulas, Mathematical relationships
58
4.8
ML for Dataset Used in Present Study as Reported by

ISK(Turkey) and TEH (Iran)
64
Chapter(5):Conclusion
67
4.7
List of Figures
Figure Subject
60
Page
( 1-1)
General tectonics of the Arabian and surroundings plate
( 1-2)
The three tectonic zones of Iraq
(1-3)
(2-1)
Epicenters of seismic events recorded by ISN between 1900

and 2011
Shape of the seismic displacement spectrum
(2-2)
Example of seismic displacement spectra of a local earthquake
13
(2-3)
Theoretical S-source spectra for different size earthquakes
14
(2-4)
Relationship between different kinds of magnitudes and

moment magnitude
Decay curves of (6) magnitude units
15
(2-5)
(2-6)
(2-7)
(3-1)
12
19
Attenuation curve ( log A? as a function of distance) for some 22

ML formulas
S-file to the first event of the dataset used to make the linear
26
least square fitting operation
Displacement magnification curve of streckisen STS-2
31
seismometer as a function of frequency
Figure Subject
Page
(3-2)
Velocity magnification curve of STS-2 seismometer as a

function of frequency
Velocity magnification curve of STS-2 seismometer, taken
from the seismometers manual
Displacement magnification of Wood Anderson Seismometer
as a function of frequency
(WA gain/ ISN gain) as a function of period
31
38
(3-6b)
Z-component for a seismic event recorded by MSL station and

reviewed by Seisan software in raw data form
Zoomed trace to the same event of Fig(3-6a)
(3-6c)
Synthetic Wood Anderson trace to the record of Fig (3-6a)
39
(3-6d)
39
(3-6e)
Reading amplitude on synthetic Wood Anderson trace of Fig

(3-6a)
Velocity trace to the record of Fig (3-6a)
(3-6f)
Zoomed view to the velocity trace of Fig (3-6a)
40
(3-6g)
Reading maximum velocity on the velocity trace
41
(3-8)
MS calculated from reading maximum amplitude on velocity

trace(MS seisan) minus MS calculated from reading maximum
amplitude on raw data after making the correction(MS raw)
ML calculated by use of maximum amplitude read on synthetic
Wood Anderson trace minus ML calculated by use of raw data
A histogram shows the distribution of data records according
to hypocenter- station distance, for records used in deriving
MLV
A histogram shows the distribution of data records according
to hypocenter- station distance, for records used in deriving
MLH
A histogram shows Distribution of seismic events used in the
study according to mb(USGS)
Epicenters of seismic events projected on a map represents the
studied area
Residuals according to MLV(ISN)
42
(3-3)
(3-4)
(3-5)
(3-6a)
(3-9)
(4-1)
(4-2)
(4-3)
(4-4)
(4-5)
32
33
36
38
40
42
45
45
46
47
55
Figure Subject
Page
(4-6)
Residuals according to MLH (ISN)
55
(4-7)
Residuals according to Hutton and Boor,1987 formula
57
(4-8)
Residuals according to MLH(ISN) formula
57
(4-9)
59
(4-11)
Attenuation curve (-Log Ao = a*Log(distance)+b*distance+c)

of ISN, Norway and southern California
Attenuation curve( LogAo valuse as a function of distance )
taken from ML formula of some regions
Residuals according to mb(IDC)_MLV relationship
(4-12)
Residuals according to MS(IDC)_MLV(ISN) relationship
61
(4-13)
Residuals according to mb(USGS)_MLV(ISN) relationship
62
(4-14)
Residuals according to mb(USGS)_MLH(ISN) relationship
62
(4-15)
Residuals according to mb(IDC)_MLH(ISN) relationship
63
(4-16)
Residuals according to MS(IDC)_MLH(ISN) relationship
63
(4-10)
List of Tables
Table Subject
(1-1)
(2-1)
(3-1)
(3-2)
(3-3)
(3-4)
(4-1)
59
61
Page
Parameters a, b and c constant of the ML scale at different

localities
Distance correction according to Richter, 1935
Constants used to construct a response curve to ISN seismic

recording system
Displacement and velocity gain of strakisen STS-2
seismometer for periods between (4 and 0.1) second
Magnification of Wood Anderson seismometer
27
17
28
34
The ratio of WA gain to ISN system gain and the corresponding 35

periods
Information about ISN stations and their contribution in
44
providing data records used in the study
Table Subject
Page
(4-2)
49
(4-3)
(4-4)
(4-5)
(4-6)
Date, origin time, location, depth and magnitude of seismic

events used in present study
Station corrections, after the execution of the linear least square
fitting operation to derive MLV , for the five stations
Station corrections , after the execution of the linear least
square fitting operation to derive MLH, for the five stations
Relationships to calculate predicted ML ISN by use of mb,MS
of IDC and mb of USGS
MLV(present study),MLH(present study),ML(ISK),ML(TEH)
and ML calculated according to Ambrasseys,1990 relationship
to calculate ML from mb
53
54
60
64
List of Abbreviation
IASPEI International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth
Interior.
IDC
International Data Centre one of the (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty) organizations.
USGS United States Geological Survey.
NEIC
National Earthquake Information Center.
ISC
International Seismological Centre.
ISN
Iraqi seismological network
ISK
Kandilli Observatory and Research Institute.( A Turkish agency)
TEH
Tehran University
WA
Wood-Anderson
mb
Short period body wave magnitude
Ms
Surface wave magnitude
MS
Broad band surface wave magnitude
Mw
Moment magnitude
Abstract
Two magnitude formulas have been derived to be used in calculation of local
magnitude (ML) for seismic events recorded by Iraqi seismological network. Nine
hundred seventeen (917) amplitude readings from 78 recorded seismic events for
the period from year 2010 to the end of year 2012 contributed in deriving the two
formulas. The following model (Hutton and Boor, 1987) is adopted to derive the
two formulas:
ML (A, R) = log10 A + a*log10 R + b*R + c + S
Three hundred five (305) and (612) amplitude readings on vertical and horizontal
components respectively are contributed in in deriving the two scales (MLV and
MLH), which are valid for maximum amplitude read on synthetic Wood-Anderson
trace of the vertical and horizontal component respectively (A) and epicenterstation distance (R) up to 1060 Km. The standard deviation (SD) to the single
station magnitude about event magnitude obtained by averaging single station
magnitude are 0.143 and 0.155 for MLV and MLH respectively.
Slope and level of the two attenuation curves taken from the two formulas derived
in the present study reflect tectonic environment a mid between the active and the
stable.
By use of simple linear regression analyses, three mathematical relationships
between [mb(USGS), mb(IDC) and MS(IDC) ] and every one of the two formulas ,
are derived, and it is found that (MLV-MS(IDC)) and (MLH-mb(IDC))
relationships gave the least standard deviation.
It is found that MLH is greater than MLV with (0.289) magnitude unit (as an
average for the seismic events used in the study) and that reflects soil cover
existence which enlarges the shear waves. It is found that MLH values are closer
than MLV to ML reported by some nearby networks to the same events, therefore
the study recommends adopting MLH as a formal local magnitude scale for Iraqi
seismological network.
Chapter (1)
An introduction
1.1 Introduction
Calculating the magnitude of earthquake is a basic and essential task of any
seismological network, globally as well as locally. When an earthquake occurs, the
first question from the press is about the Richter magnitude and the second about
location (Havskov and Ottemoller, 2010). The concept of magnitude was
introduced by Richter (1935) to provide an objective instrumental measure of the
size of earthquakes. Richter used the term magnitude in distinction to the name
intensity scale, which is based on the assessment and classification of shaking
damage and human perceptions of shaking and thus depends on the distance and
depth of the seismic source. Magnitude M uses instrumental measurements of the
ground motion adjusted for epicentral distance and source depth (Bormann, 2002).
Magnitudes of earthquakes are calculated with the objectives to:
Express energy release to estimate the potential damage after an earthquake.
Express physical size of the earthquake.
Predict ground motion and seismic hazard.
Calculating magnitude is thus a basic and essential task of any seismological
network, globally as well as locally (Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010).
One of the ultimate goals of earthquake- source studies is to understand the
physical processes of a seismic source in as much details as possible. There are two
possible approaches to this problem. In the first approach, we make a very detailed
analysis of all the data available including those on seismic body waves, surface
waves, near-field data, foreshocks and aftershocks etc. However, this type of study
is time consuming and is not possible for every earthquake.
In the second approach we use a relatively simple method, and process a large
number of events in a very short time. This approach provides the public quick
information on the earthquake. More importantly, it provides fundamental data to
be included in the earthquake catalogs which are the basis of a variety of scientific
research. The earthquake magnitude introduced by Richter (1935) is one of the
important parameters to be used in the second approach (Kanamori , 1983).
Due to local variation in attenuation and ground motion site amplification as well
as of the station position with respect to the source radiation pattern, large
variations in the measured amplitudes might occur, leading to large variance in
magnitude estimates at individual stations. Thus, magnitude calculation is not an
exact science and in the first hours following an earthquake, the magnitude is often
revised several times (Schubert, 2007).
1.2 Aim of Study

The aim of study is to derive local magnitude scale to be used in calculating the
magnitude for local seismic events recorded by Iraqi seismological network (ISN).
1.3 Procedure of Study

In year 1987 Hutton and Boor derived a local magnitude scale for southern
California by following a procedure similar to that of Richter when he derived a
magnitude scale in the same region.
According to the IASPI , the procedure of Hutton and Boor , 1987 became a
standard for local magnitude determination, and in the present study , the same
procedure will be followed.
1.4 location of Studied Area

Studied area is the area limited by the international borders of Iraq, Iraq-Turkey
border region and Iraq-Iran border region.
1.5 Previous Studies

1.5.1 World Studies
Richter (1935) used maximum trace amplitude for the seismic event as recorded by
standard Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer, to derive ML scale for southern
California.He presented a magnitude formula in the form [m = logA+ (-logAo)],
where (-logAo) is the distance correction term presented as a tabulated values.
Bakun and Joyner (1984) used 957 synthesized Wood-Anderson horizontal
component records to derive ML scale for central California, they used just the Lg
phase to present a local magnitude formula in the form (ML = logA+a*log
distance+b*distance+c ) . Where a=1, b=0.00301 and c=-1.99
Hutton and Boor (1987) used 9941 peak amplitude on Wood- Anderson (or
simulated Wood-Anderson instrument), to derive a local magnitude scale for
southern California. By using the linear least square fitting method, they presented
a formula in the same form that Bakun and Joyner (1984) represented, where
a=1.11, b=0.00189 and c=-2.09.
After 1987 ML formulas took a form similar to that of Bakun and Joyner (1984)
and Hutton and Boor (1987). Table (1-1) shows the parameters (a), (b) and(c) for
various regions.
Table (1-1). Parameters a, b and c constant of the ML scale at different localities
Region
Central
Europe
Norway
N.Italy
Ethiopia
Vietnam
1.11
0.00095
-2
0.91
1
1.2
1.74
0.00087
0.0054
0.00107
0.00048
South
Africa
1.15
0.00063
-1.68
-2.22
-2.17
3.202
-2.04
Distance
range(km)
10 - 1000
reference
0 - 1500
10 - 300
200 - 600
0 - 750
Alsaker et al.(1991)
Bindi et al.(2005)a
Keir et al.(2006)
Nguyen et al.(2010)
10 - 1000
Saunders et al.(2012)
Stange(2006)
Craiu et al. (2011) derived a local magnitude formula for the Intermediate-depth
earthquakes in Romania. The parameters in the magnitude relation are determined
through multiple regression method using as reference the duration magnitude
previously used in routine magnitude estimation for the earthquakes occurred on
the Romania territory. The amplitude (A) was measured on the horizontal
components of broadband seismograms filtered to reproduce synthetic WoodAnderson seismograms (in millimeters).
1.5.2 Some Regional Studies

(Al-Amri, et al., 1999) derived a local magnitude scale for seismographic subnetwork in NW Saudi Arabia, they applied linear regression teqnique between the
two amounts [mb(USGS)-log (amplitude)] and log(distance) for seismic events
used
in
the
study.
They
derived
the
following
formula:
[ML=log(amplitude/period)+3.4*log(distance/111.2)+2.55]
Bindi et al.(2005) used seismic and strong motion records to calibrate the local
magnitude scale over a hypocentral distance range from 10 to 190 km In NW
Turkey. By analyzing the unit covariance matrix and the resolution matrix,
researchers show how the source-to-station geometries of the seismic and strong
motion networks affect the uncertainties of the computed station corrections,
attenuation coefficients, and magnitudes. Horizontal component is used to derive
the following ML formula for NW Turkey:
(ML=logA+log(distance)+0.00152*distance-1.61).
(Askari, et al. ,2009) derived a local magnitude scale for Alborz region Norther
Iran. They used the same procedure followed by Hutton and Boor, 1987 to derive
3
the following formula for a distance rang from (8.5 to 550) kilometer:
ML=logA+1.1725log(distance)+0.0021*distance-3.12.
Nassir and Al-Humidan(2011) derived a local magnitude scale for Kuwait national
seismic network (KNSN) by applying simple linear regression analysis between
the two amounts: [mb(USGS)-log (amplitude)] and log(distance) for seismic
events used in their study. They used vertical component to derive the following
relationship:
(ML=log A+1.43*log (distance/111.2) +1).
Rezapour and Rezaei(2011) derived a local magnitude scale for northwest Iran.
Their investigation showed that using one-half the peak-to-peak value tends to
underestimate the magnitude of an event by as much as 0.07 magnitude units in
comparison with using the zero-to-peak value. Additionally, using a vector sum of
horizontal measurements overestimates the ML values by 0.16 magnitude units in
comparison with magnitude values that are determined using arithmetic means of
horizontal measurements. The distance attenuation curve, station correction terms,
and the magnitude of events were simultaneously estimated using parametric and
nonparametric approaches. The distance attenuation curves that resulted in a
nonparametric approach are given by: logA0=0.9252log () +0.0030+0.8496 and
logA0=0.9993log () +0.0029+0.7114 for the vertical and horizontal components,
respectively, where is the epicentral distance in kilometers.
1.5.3 Calculating Magnitude in Iraqi Seismological Network

According to ISN published bulletins, the following two durational magnitude
formulas are depended, to calculate the magnitude of the local and distant events
recorded by the network:
MD =1.31*log (D) +1.19
epicenter-station distance must not exceed 100 kilometer.
For epicenterstation distance more than 100 kilometer the following formula is
used:
MD = 0.99*log (D) +0.76*log(R) +0.38
Where: D is the duration of seismic events in seconds; R is epicenterstation
distance in kilometer.
1.6 Tectonics and Seismotectonics of the Studied Area

1.6.1 Tectonic Framework of Arabian Plate
The Arabian subcontinent Plate is one of the Earths largest blocks that was held
together and moved many kilometers as a unit since the late Cretaceous
experiencing relative transitional motion with respect to the Eurasian, African,
Somalian, Iranian, Anatolian, and Aegean Plates (AlSinawi, 2002).
4
Tectonic setting of the Arabian plate shows that it is almost surrounded by a

variety of types of active plate boundaries which are characterized by complex
faulting and Tertiary dike injections and volcanism: continental collision with the
Eurasian Plate ( south of Anatolian fault zone along the Zagros Belt and Bitlis
Sutures ), continental transform ( Dead Sea Fault system ), young seafloor
spreading ( Red Sea and Gulf of Aden ) and oceanic transform(Omar, 2006).
The majority of earthquakes and other tectonic activities are concentrated along the
Zagros fold belt, the Dead Sea transform, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red sea belt
( Al-Damegh et al., 2004).
The Arabian and Eurasian plates are colliding along the Zagros suture zone in
western Iran. This collision zone has experienced two major episodes of collision
orogeny during late Mesozoic and Miocene time (Stocklin 1974; Sengor and Kidd,
1979).
Continental collision is occurring along the Bitlis suture zone in southern Turkey
and the Zagros suture zone in western Iran. The current counter-clockwise rotation
and northward motion of the Arabian plate relative to Eurasia is accommodated
along these collision zones ( Seber, et al., 2001 ).
Tectonic setting of the Arabian plate shows that it is almost surrounded by active
plate boundaries. The Arabian Subcontinent Plate is subducted under the Anatolian
and Iranian Plates.
Fig( 1-1). General tectonics of the Arabian and surroundings plate ( After JSO, 2004 ).
1.6.2 Tectonic and Seismotectonics of Iraq

Iraq is located in the northern Arabian Platform including the western edge of the
Zagros Mountain range, where the convergent tectonic boundary between the
Eurasian and Arabian plates forms a fold and thrust belt(Gok et al,2006).
6
The high Bitlis-Zagros Mountains in the north and eastern part of the country are a
folded belt in a NW-SE direction along the western part of Iran and northeast Iraq
(Gok et al, 2006).
The Zagros sedimentary cover is folded into a mountain belt for a distance of
about 1500km along the southwestern part of Iran and northeastern Iraq. The
Zagros folded belt lies on the northeastern margin of the underthrusting
Arabian continental
crust ( Ni and Barazangi, 1986 ). The folding probably
started during the Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene, and the belt is still considered
to be one of the most active orogens on earth (Gok et al, 2006).
Iraq can be divided into three tectonic zones:
Unfolded Zone (stable platform) the northern part of African-Arabian PreCambrian platform and is characterized by unfolded stable zone, an almost
horizontal dipping strata and smooth relief
Folded Zone The Mesopotamian foredeep covers an intermediate structural
position between the Alpine geosynclinal area of Zagros in N-NE part of
Iraq and the Pre- Cambrian African-Arabian platform to the west.
Thrust zone a zone of approximately 200 km width, which runs parallel to
the folded belt(Kadinsky-Cade and Barazangi, 1982). The majority of the
moderate-to-large historical events in eastern Iraq have occurred along this
belt(Alsinawi and A1-Shukri, 1979).
This division is called The Triple Division and it is adopted by Henson (1940),
Dunnington (1958), Al Naqib (1959) , Alsayyab (1968) , Ditmar et al (1971) and
Jassim and Goff( 2006). Fig(1-2) shows the three tectonic zones of Iraq
Fig( 1-2). The three tectonic zones of Iraq. (After Gok et al,2006).
1.7 Seismic Activity in Iraq

Most of the seismic activities in Iraq are restricted to the north and northeastern
part along the Alpine folded thrusted area, near that there is a sharp boundary in
seismic distribution between the folded and unfolded regions; indicating that the
stresses resulting from the movement of the Arabian plate to the north and
northeast with respect to the Iranian plate are not transported to the unfolded
region but only causes deformation to the folded area ( Al-Sinawi and Issa,
8
1986 ). Fig (1-3) shows epicenters of seismic events recorded by ISN between
1900 and 2011 taken from ISN database
Fig(1-3) epicenters of seismic events recorded by ISN between 1900 and 2011. Data used in the plotting was taken
from ISN database
Chapter (2)
Local magnitude scale
derivation
Preface
This chapter includes an introduction to the magnitude types, moment magnitude
will be rather explained in details because this type of magnitude dose not suffer
from saturation (the problem of all the magnitude scales that depend on amplitude
measurement). Adequacy details will be presented about local magnitude scale
(subject of present study) in terms of historical development and the problem of the
connection between this scale and a certain type of instruments and how this
problem was overridden.
Hypocenter- station distance is a very important parameter in any magnitude
formula. Therefore, the equation used in distance calculation will be specified . A
brief introduction about Seisan software (the main tool of the present study) will be
presented. At last, method used to derive the ML scale will be explained.
2-1 Introduction
The original Richter magnitude (ML) was based on maximum amplitudes
measured on records of the standardized short-period Wood-Anderson (WA)
seismometer network in Southern California (Kanamori, 1983).
Gutenberg and Richter (1936)
extended the magnitude concept so as to be
applicable to ground motion measurements from medium- and long-period
seismographic recordings of both surface waves ( Ms ) and different types of body
waves (mb ) in the teleseismic distance range(Bormann,2002).
After the deployment of the World Wide Standardized Seismograph Network
(WWSSN) in the 1960s it became customary to determine the body-wave
magnitude only on the basis of short-period narrow-band vertical component Pwave recordings only. This short-period body-wave magnitude was termed
mb(Bormann,2002) .
Another effort to provide a single measure of the earthquake size was made by
Kanamori (1977). He developed the seismic moment magnitude Mw. It is tied to
Ms but does not saturate for big events because it is based on seismic moment M0,
which is proportional to the average static displacement and the area of the fault
rupture and is thus a good measure of the total
deformation in the source
region( Kanamori ,1977).
2.2 Moment Magnitude

2.2.1 Seismic Moment and Moment magnitude
The moment magnitude scale is the most recent scale and is fundamentally
different from the earlier scales. Rather than relying on measured seismogram
peaks, the Mw scale is tied to the seismic moment (M) of an earthquake (Hanks
and Kanamori, 1979).
10
The moment M0 is measured in Newton*meter. The seismic moment

M0 is a direct measure of the tectonic size (product of fault plain area times
average static displacement) (Stein and Wysession ,2004).
Moment magnitude is calculated from seismic moment using the relation of
Kanamori (1977) :
2
M w = log10 M o - 10.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------- (2-1)
3
Where: Mw is the moment magnitude and Mo is the seismic moment.

The advantage of the Mw scale is that it is clearly related to a physical
property of the source and it does not saturate for even the largest
earthquakes.(Shearer, 1999).
2.2.2 Seismic Moment From Seismic Record

The most common seismic source model used is the Brune model. The model has
been used extensively and it has been shown that it gives a good agreement with
observations from many different tectonic regions and for a large range of
magnitudes(Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010).
(The Brune model predicts the following source displacement spectrum S (f):
S( f ) =
Mo
f
(1 + ( ) 2 )4prn 3
fo
------------------------------------------------------------------ (2-2)
Where: Mo is the seismic moment measured in (Newton* meter), is the density

(kg/m3), v is the velocity
(m/s) at the source (P or S-velocity depending on spectrum) , f0 is the corner
frequency and f is the frequency.
This expression does not include the effect of the event-station azimuth variation
(Brune, 1970).
Displacement spectrum can be obtained by doing Fourier transform to the
displacement trace (raw data can be corrected to produce displacement, velocity
and acceleration traces.
The shape of the log-log spectrum is seen in Fig (2-1). At low frequencies, the
spectrum is flat with a level proportional to Mo while at high frequencies, the
spectral level decays linearly with a slope of 2. At the corner frequency (f = f0),
the spectral amplitude is half of the amplitude of the flat level(Havskov and
Ottemoller , 2010).
11
Log spectral level (Nanometer*second)
Flat level
Slop= -2
fo
Log frequency
Fig (2-1).Shape of the seismic displacement spectrum. o is the spectral flat level. In the point f=fo , spectral level
is half the flat level . After (Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010).
Equation (2-1) is valid if the receiver was put on distance (0) from the seismic
events epicenter. In the ordinary cases there is a distance between epicenter of
seismic event and receiver. Therefore the displacement spectrum at the receiver
will be modified by geometrical spreading G (,h) and attenuation. At an
epicentral distance (in meter) and hypocentral depth h (in meter), the observed
spectrum can be expressed as: (Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010)
-pft
Mo * 0.6 * 2
D( f , t ) =
* G (D, h) * (e) -pfk * (e) Q ( f ) -------------------------------------- (2-3)
f 2
3
(1 + ( ) )4prn
fo
Where: D(f,t) is the corrected displacement spectrum. G (D, h) is geometrical
-pft
spreading term. (e) -pfk is soil amplification term. (e) Q ( f ) is attenuation term. The
factor 0.6 account for average radiation pattern effect. The factor 2.0 is the effect
of the free surface.
The spectrum corrected for attenuation is called Dc and is used to obtain the
observed parameters, corner frequency fo and spectral flat level o (ms).
Dc ( f ) =
Wo
Mo * 0.6 * 2
=
G (D, h). ------------------------------------------- (2-4)
f
f 2
(1 + ( ) ) 4prn 3 (1 + ( ) 2 )
fo
fo
Where:
Dc : Displacement spectrum, corrected for attenuation
Mo =
Wo * 4prn 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------- (2-5)
0.6 * 2 * G (D, h)
G (D, h) : Geometrical spreading, in simplest case is equal to (1/r), where (r) is
event- station distance.

12
Mo =
Wo * 4prn 3r
------------------------------------------------------------------------ (2-6)
0.6 * 2
Where: Mo is seismic moment in (Newton*meter). o is flat level displacement

spectral in (meter*second). is density of rupture area in (kilogram / (meter )3 ) .
v
is velocity of (P or S) wave in unit (meter /second). r
is event- station
distance in meter.
( Brune, 1970), (Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010).
Fig (2-2). Represents displacement (P-spectrum and S-spectrum) for a real record.
Fig (2-2). Example of seismic displacement spectra of a local earthquake. On top is shown the seismogram (vertical
component) with the time windows used for spectral analysis. The top spectral curve is the signal spectrum while the
bottom curve is the noise spectrum. The spectrum is corrected for attenuation. Note that the y-axiss unit is in
nm/Hz = nm s. flat level for S- spectra is between 2 and 3 and the flat level of P-spectra is between 1 and 2 .After
(Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010).
2.2.3 Seismic Moment_ Corner Frequency Relationship and

Saturation
Havskov and Ottemoller , (2010) , Borman, (2002) and Shearer, (2009 )cited the
following equation to express the relationship between the moment magnitude and
the corner frequency:
Log (fo) = 2.35 0.5Mw-------------------------------------------------------------- (2-7)
Using eq (2-7) to calculate the corner frequency for a given Mw, the corresponding
Brune spectra can be calculated by use of eq (2-2) and the theoretical source
spectra can be plotted as a function of the moment magnitude, as in Fig (2-3).
13
Fig (2-3).Theoretical S-source spectra for different size earthquakes. The curves are calculated using eq (2-2) and eq
(2-7) assuming a velocity of 3.5 km/s and a density of 3 g/cm3. The stress drop is 30 bar. The moment magnitude is
indicated at each spectrum. A line indicates the corner frequencies where it crosses the spectra. The Ms and mb lines
indicate the frequencies of determination(to determine mb, maximum body wave amplitude must be read on a cycle
of period 1 second, while for Ms determination maximum surface wave amplitude must be read on a cycle of period
20 second. After (Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010).
At frequencies below fo there is a linear relationship between magnitude (log of the

measured amplitude) and moment. However, at higher frequencies this linearity
breaks down and the magnitude scale does not fully keep up with the increasing
size of the events. This phenomenon is called magnitude saturation (Shearer,
2009).
For mb, the amplitude is read at around 1 Hz. From the figure(2-3) it is seen that
the amplitude at 1 Hz increases linearly with moment until the corner frequency
reaches 1 Hz (around magnitude 6) and for larger events, the amplitude at 1 Hz is
smaller than the amplitude of the flat level. Thus for events larger than 6, mb will
14
underestimate the magnitude. The same happens for Ms, but at the lower frequency
of 0.05 Hz(Shearer,2009). Saturation phnomena of magnitude scales when moment
magnitude increase and relationship between different kinds of magnitude scales is
shown in Fig (2-4).
Fig(2-4). Relationship between different kinds of magnitudes and moment magnitude. Saturation of these magnitude
scales with moment magnitude increasing, can be seen.(after Kanamori,1983).
2.3 Historical Development of the Local Magnitude Scale

2.3.1 Richter Scale as Richter Represented
The data that Richter worked with were the data taken from southern California
networks where many different size earthquakes have been occurred and for each
event there are a number of stations that record it, so there is the ability to follow
the decreasing in the energy (amplitude) with the distance increasing.
15
To build his scale, Richter, plotted the maximum ground motion at each station as
ordinate with the corresponding epicentral distance as abscissa (Richter 1958).
Amplitudes were plotted on a logarithmic scale; since the measurements ranged
from 0.1 millimeter to 10 or 12 centimeters, this gave a more manageable chart
than linear scale. (Richter 1958).
For every seismic event there is a curve of points the y-axis (for each one) is the
logarithm of maximum trace amplitude in millimeter and the x-axis is the eventstation distance in kilometer. The result is a group of curves each curve represents
a seismic event; on the assumption that these curves are parallel to each other and;
if this parallelism was exact, the difference between the logarithms of amplitudes
of any two given shocks would be independent of distance, the amplitudes
themselves would be in constant ratio.(Richter 1958).
Till this step and in accordance to the law of parallelism, quality M (the
magnitude) can be defined as:
M = Log A Log A
Where A is the recorded trace amplitude for a given earthquake at a given distance,
and A is that for a particular earthquake selected as standard (Richter, 1958)
This standard shock has also been called the zero shock, since, if A = A, M =0
(Richter 1958).
The zero level (zero magnitude) was intentionally chosen low enough to make the
magnitude of the smallest recorded earthquake positive. Table (2-1) represents
event-station distance and the corresponding (Log A) as a distance correction
according to Richter, 1958
16
Table (2-1). Distance correction according to Richter, 1935. Logarithms of the amplitude (in millimeter) with which
a standard torsion seismometer (To=0.8, v=2800, h=0.8) should register an earthquake of magnitude zero (since A
is less than 1, its logarithm is negative and Table shows values for Log A). (After Richter, 1958).
distance(km)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
Log A
1.4
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.9
3
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.65
3.7
distance(km)
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
Log A
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.9
The zero level A can be fixed by naming its value at a particular distance. This
was taken to be one thousandth of a millimeter at a distance of 100 kilometers from
the epicenter; an equivalent statement is that an earthquake recording with trace
amplitude of 1 millimeter measured on a standard seismogram at 100 kilometers, is
assigned magnitude 3 (Richter, 1958).
Fig (2-5) Represents the frame of Richter scale.
If you look carefully to the chart you can see the following: Any amplitudedistance pair of a seismic event can be represented as a
point it ordinate is the logarithm of maximum trace amplitude in millimeter
and it abscissa is the event-station distance in kilometer
According to the assumption of the parallelism of the decay curves and by
use of Log A values, For any point (amplitude distance pair of a seismic
event), we can draw the decay curve pass through that point; and the
numerical value of the magnitude to that point (and all points of the decay
curve) will be :
(the y-axis of the point belongs to this curve at 100 x-axis ) + 3
17
distance vs logA
(magnitude 6) amplitude
decay curve
log(amplitude) in millimiter
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
4
-1
600
700
3
-2
0
-3
1
-4
zero magnitude curve
-5
-6
distance(km)
Fig (2-5). Decay curves of (6) magnitude units drown by excel by use of -Log A values taken from Table (2-1).
18
(Magnitude of point A is 1+3=4).

And that equivalent to: The magnitude of any shock is taken as the
logarithm of the maximum trace amplitude, expressed in microns( 10-6 m),
with which the standard short-period torsion seismometer (To = 0.8 sec.,
V z = 2800, h = 0.8) would register that shock at an epicentral distance of
100 kilometers (Richter 1935).
For any given point : magnitude = Log A Log A , for point A M = (-1-[5]=4)
for zero magnitude curve
1. The y axis has been chosen arbitrarily (as mentioned above).
2. zero magnitude curve passes through the point (100,-3), which means
that (an earthquake recorded with maximum trace amplitude of 1
millimeter measured at 100 kilometer distance, is assigned magnitude
3. (In the next literatures this point took the name: anchor point, and
any magnitude formula must achieve the following condition: by
inserting 1 mm as amplitude and 100 km as distance, magnitude of 3
will be obtained.
According to the assumption of paralisem and by use of -Log A values we
can draw the decay curve of the amplitude with the distance for any given
magnitude unit.
2.3.2 Instrument and Syntheses

In his definition to the numerical value of the local magnitude, Richter put the
following (2) criteria
Using an instrument of a certain magnification characteristics.
Amplitude to be used in ML calculation is the amplitude read on WoodAnderson seismograph, and it dose not represent the ground displacement.
The magnitude of any shock is taken as the logarithm of the maximum trace
amplitude, expressed in microns, with which the standard short-period torsion
seismometer (T = 0.8second, v= 2800, h=0.8) would register that shock at an
epicentral distance of 100 km) (Richter, 1935).
Thus, seismologists are often faced with the task of estimating ML from records
registed by instruments radically different from the W-A seismograph( Backun, et
al., 1978).
For analog data, synthesis may be achieved by converting record amplitudes from
another seismograph with a displacement magnification Mag (T) into respective
WA trace amplitudes by multiplying them with the ratio MagWA(T)/Mag(T) for
19
the given period of Amax. (Bormann, 2002). This means that (reading amplitude
and Period will be done on the raw trace and then correcting the amplitude using a
response function for the particular instrument ,manually or automatically;
However, this might give a wrong value since the maximum amplitude might
appear at different times on the raw and Wood-Anderson simulated
traces(Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010). Willmore,(1979) suggested to read more
than one peak and corresponding period on raw data and choose the amplitudeperiod pair that gives the largest converted amplitude.
Bakun, et al., (1978) defined the synthetic Wood-Anderson seismogram as :
The synthetic W-A seismogram is the record that would have been written at the
sensor site of the modern system if a W-A seismograph ,with the appropriate gain
and dynamic range, had been in operation there. They describe a method to obtain
synthetic Wood-Andeson seismograpm from USGS central California network
seismograph (three-component short-period seismograph electronically digitized
from magnetic tape at 200 samples/sec.) as the following:
The transformation of a signal f(t) recorded on a USGS central California network
seismograph into a "synthetic W-A seismogram" fWA(t) can be expressed by
T ( w)
f wA (t ) = -1 wA
[ f (t )] ----------------------------------------------------------- (2-8)
TUSGS ( w)
Where and -1 represent forward and inverse Fourier transforms, TwA (w) is the
theoretical transfer function of a W-A seismograph, and w is the angular frequency
( Backun, et al., 1978).
Kanamori and Jennings,(1978) described a method to obtain synthetic WoodAnderson trace from digitized strong-motion accelerograms.
Uhrhammer and Collins, (1990) presented a study demonstrates how reliably the
waveforms and maximum trace amplitudes recorded by "standard (Ts = 0.8 sec)"
Wood-Anderson type torsion seismographs can be synthesized from broadband
digital seismographic recordings.
WA seismograms are synthesized from the digital records by frequency domain
convolution. The procedure is: deconvolve the broadband instrument transfer
function to obtain a ground displacement record; convolve the WA transfer
function (Uhrhammer and Collins, 1990).
After these three studies, the two criteria of Richter have been skipped , it has
became possible to use digital records of broad band and strong motion instrument,
in ML calculation and it is very easy to get synthetic Wood-Anderson trace from
them.
20
2.3.3 Attenuation Function

Richter,1958 presents the distance correction as tabulated values and he implied
the following limitation: another limitation of log A values that without further
evidence it can not be assumed to apply outside the California area(Richter,1958).
Which means that log A values may not be valid for other regions.
Bakun and Joyner,(1984) separated the distance correction in to two terms
(log A= a*log(R) +b*R +c) where (R) is a distance in kilometer, (a) and (b) are
geometrical spreading and attenuation coefficients respectively .
In year 1987, Hutton and Boor derive ML scale for southern California by
following the same procedure of Bakun and Joyner. After (Hutton and Boor, 1987)
study, the term (-log A) took a standard form (-log A= a*log(R) +b*R +c).
By plotting -log A values as a function of distance Borman,( 2002) compared
between attenuation characteristics of southern California and Norway region.
The parameters a, b and c can be expected to have regional variation
and should ideally be adjusted to the local conditions (Havskov and Ottemoller ,
2010).
The difference in attenuation parameters among different regions is due to:
different velocity and attenuation structure, crustal age and composition, heat-flow
conditions and depth distribution of earthquakes. (Bormann, 2012).
Fig (2-6) is a graph of attenuation functions for different regions all over the
world.
21
Fig (2-6). Attenuation curve ( log A as a function of distance) for some ML formulas. (Magnitude for continental
shield areas revealed significantly lower attenuation when compared with Southern California (e.g., the calibration
curve of Alsaker et al., 1991. (After Bormann, 2012).
2.3.4 ML Scale Derivation, Formulation and Methodology

The local magnitude (ML) is defined by Richter as
ML =log A - Log A +S -------------------------------------------------------------- (2-8)
Where A is the recorded trace amplitude in (millimeter) for a given earthquake at a
given distance (in kilometer) as written by the standard type of instrument, S is a
station correction term and - Log A is the distance correction term.
-Log A is a function of earthquake station distance and have values increase
with distance. Richter (1935; 1958).
Bakun and Joyner, (1984) separated the distance correction in two terms; they
presented it in the form:
-Log A = a* log (R/100) + b*(R-100) +3 ------------------------------------------ (2-9)
Where a and b are coefficients for geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation,
respectively, and R is hypocentral distance.
22
By substitute eq (2-9) in eq (2-8) we will get:

ML = log (A) + a* log (R/100) + b*(R-100) +3+S ------------------------------ (2-10)
For a dataset composed of m earthquakes, every one is recorded by a number of
stations, equation (2-10) will be written in the form:
log( Aij ) + 3 = MLi - a * log( Rij / 100) - b * ( Rij - 100) - S j --------------------------------- (2-11)
Where i is a counter of m earthquakes and j is a counter of n stations. The station

correction is given by S. The system of equations will have m + n + 2 unknowns
(magnitudes, station corrections, a and b). For a good number of amplitude
observation at a different distance range it is an over-determined system and can be
solved by a standard methods, such as linear least-square curve fitting (Havskov
and Ottemoller , 2010).
To prepare the data set of equations for least squares fitting operation, equation (211) must be written in such a way that one single equation contains all the
unknowns, as the following:
MLref + log( Aij ) = a * log(
Rij
Rref
Ne
Ns
k =1
l =1
) - b * ( Rij - Rref ) + d ik * MLk - d lj * Sl -----------------(2-12)
Where:
Aij is the maximum trace amplitude in (mm) of earthquake i at station j. Rij is
hypocentral distance in (km) for earthquake i at station j . ij is the Kronecker
delta (1 if i equals j, otherwise 0). Ns is the number of stations. Ne is number of
events. MLref is 3. Rref is 100. (Alsaker et al., 1991).
For better understanding to eq (2-12). see appendix (1).
Equation (2-12) can be rewritten in matrix form as:
23
1
1
0
0
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
-1
1
0
1
-1 0
r1 j
r1 j
r2 j
0
1
0
1
rNej
u1 j
y1 j
y
u1 j
ML1 1 j
y2 j
u2 j
MLNe
--------------

Sj
S Ns
y
u Nej
Nej
0
0
(2-13)
Or
A *x =y
Where
rij = log(Rij/Rref).
uij = (Rij, - Rref).
yij = logAij + MLref.
The vector of unknowns (x) can be found by inversion of A, under the constraint
that the station corrections sum is equal to zero . Therefore the number of rows in
matrix A equal to the number records in the dataset plus one row represents the
equation:
S1 + S2 + S3 ++++ + Sj =0 (see the last row in matrix A).
To apply the linear least square fitting on vertical component records in appendix
(4) which contains 305 record which means 305 equation available to the least
square
fitting
operation
(plus
one
equation
of
the
form
[0+0+0++++1+1+1+1+1+0+0+++0=0]).
The objective is to extract the (78+5+2) unknown. Linear system described above
can be resolved by three methods as follows:
1. The normal equation method.
2. QR decomposition method.
3. Singular value decomposition (SVD) method.
In the present study, least square fitting is done by use of program
(MAG2)
within Seisan software package, and MAG2 program applies singular value
decomposition to make the operation ( Ottemoller et al, 2011).
24
2.4 Hypocenter- Station Distance Calculation

Seisan software is a package contains several programs; the program which
executes the least square fitting is MAG2. In the section (MAG2), Seisan manual
( Ottemoller et al, 2011) did not mention anything about the distance, but in
another location (of the manual) the following formula is cited :
D = cos -1[sin(q o) sin(q ) + cos(q o) cos(q ) cos(l - l o)] ----------------------------------- (2-14)
Where: D is the epicentral distance in degrees which is calculated along a great
circle path, o and are the latitude of the epicenter and station respectively and
o and are the corresponding longitudes.To get the epicentral distance in
kilometer, D must be multiplied by: (111.2). According to Havskov and Ottemoller
,( 2010), distance used in ML formula must be the distance from hypocenter( not
the epicenter) of earthquake to the recording station, therefore the Pythagoras
equation must be applied to get that distance, as:
R = (D) 2 + (depth) 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------- (2-15)
Where: R is the distance in kilometer between hypocenter of seismic event and
recording station; is the distance in kilometer between epicenter of seismic event
and recording station ; depth is the distance between hypocenter and epicenter of
the seismic event in kilometer or the depth of the seismic event.
Applying formula (2-15) will produce results (distances) very close to distances
obtained by MAG2 within Seisan package.
2.5 Structure of Seisan Software

A widely used seismic analysis system is the Seisan software developed by J.
Havskov and L. Ottemller . It contains a complete set of programs and a simple
database for analyzing analog and digital recordings. Seisan can be used, amongst
other things, for phase picking, spectral analysis, azimuth determination, and
plotting seismograms. Seisan is supported by DOS, Windows95, SunOS, Solaris
and Linux and contains conversion programs for the most common data formats
(Bormann,2002).
The Earthquake Analysis Software, Seisan 9.0.1 is used to simultaneously solve
the system of equation used to derive ML scale (the object of the present study).
The whole Seisan system is located in subdirectories under a main directory called
Seismo(Ottermoller et al, 2011). The system contains many subdirectories
containing information that the program needs to run. The following are the main
subdirectories:
REA: contains earthquake readings and full epicenter solutions in the
database.
WAV: Digital waveform data files.
DAT: Default and parameter files, e.g. station coordinates.
25
CAL: System response information files.

PRO: Programs, source code and executables.
DAT: Default and parameter files, e.g. station coordinates.
INF: Documentation and information.
The database of Seisan contains two main directories REA and WAV. The REA
directory contains all the readings and information about the earthquakes that
needs to be analyzed while the WAV directory contains all the waveform data. The
main directory REA is sub divided into a number of directories which correspond
to different databases. These sub directories are created by the user and are used to
store all the earthquake events that are going to be analyzed. Each event is stored in
a single S-file( a text file) in yearly directories and monthly subdirectories. If new
datum is entered into the database it is automatically saved as an individual S-file.
(Ottermoller et al, 2011).
Fig(3-7) represents the S-file of event(1) of the data set used to make the inversion.
Fig (2-7). S-file to the first event of the dataset used to make the linear least square fitting operation. First row is
called the header; the header contains informations about the seismic event like: location, date, origin time, depth
and magnitude. The following rows contain details about stations, phases, amplitudes, distance and azimuth. S- file
is the input file to program MAG2.
26
Chapter (3)
Instrument response removal
to read amplitude
Preface
Amplitude used in deriving the ML scale is taken either from reading maximum
amplitude on synthetic Wood Anderson trace or reading maximum amplitude on
raw data and then making the correction manually. The two methods will be
explained in this chapter and a comparison will be hold between them to make sure
that amplitude used in the study is right and dependable.
3.1 Magnification of the Digital Recording System Used in ISN

Digital recording system used in ISN consists of STS-2 Streckisen seismometer
and Q330 Quantera digitizer.
Constants used to construct a response curve for this system are shown in table
(3-1).
Table (3-1). Constants used to construct a response curve to ISN seismic recording system.
Parameter
Natural
frequency
Damping
constant
Generator
constant
Sensitivity
Symbol
fo
h
G
device
STS-2
seismometer
STS-2
seismometer
STS-2
seismometer
Q330 digitizer
value
0.0038
unit
Hertz (Hz)
0.707
1500
Volt/(meter/second)
419130
Count/volt
For the seismometer, displacement magnification (gain) can be calculated:

Ad ( w) =
Gw3
( wo2 - w2 ) 2 + 4h 2 w2 wo2
----------------------------------------------------------- (3-1)
Where 0 = 2f0 and = 2f .

To obtain velocity magnification (gain) Av, eq (3-1) is divided by
Av ( w) =
Gw2
( wo2 - w2 ) 2 + 4h 2 w2 wo2
----------------------------------------------------------- (3-2)
For acceleration, one more division with is needed (Havskov and Ottemoller ,
2010).
By substituting the first three parameters of table (3-1) in equation (3-1), and
equation (3-2) we will get the STS-2 seismometer magnification (gain) in a unit
27
(volt/meter) and (volt/meter/second) as a function of period (frequency). Tabulated

values of displacement and velocity magnification of STS-2 seismometer are
shown in table (3-2).
Table (3-2). Displacement and velocity gain of strakisen STS-2 seismometer for periods between (4 and 0.1)
second.
displacement gain of
period Frequency STS 2 seismometer
(Sec) (Hz)
(volt/meter)
4
0.25
2356.19
3.8
0.26
2480.20
3.6
0.28
2617.99
3.4
0.29
2771.99
3.2
0.31
2945.24
3
0.33
3141.59
2.8
0.36
3365.99
2.6
0.38
3624.91
2.4
0.42
3926.99
2.2
0.45
4283.99
2
0.50
4712.39
1.8
0.56
5235.99
1.6
0.63
5890.49
1.4
0.71
6731.98
1.2
0.83
7853.98
1
1.00
9424.78
0.8
1.25
11780.97
0.6
1.67
15707.96
0.4
2.50
23561.94
0.2
5.00
47123.89
0.1
10.00
94247.78
velocity gain of STS 2

seismometer
(volt/meter/second)
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
The seismometer measures the ground motion and translates it into a voltage.
Ground motion can mathematically be described as displacement, velocity or
acceleration(Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010).
To know the maximum output voltage from STS-2 seismometer resulting from a
sine wave ground displacement of 1 second period and 1 nanometer (
1
meter)
109
amplitude , go to table(3-2), magnification of seismometer in response to a ground

displacement when the period is 1 second, is 9424.8(v/m). Maximum Output
voltage is:
28
9424.8
1
volt
meter * 9424.8
=
volt
9
109
10
meter
For ground velocity of 2 second period and 3 nanometer/second, output voltage of

the seismometer is
3 * 10- 9 (
meter
volt
) * 1500
= 4500 * 10- 9 volt .
meter
sec ond
sec ond
The process of converting a continuous analog signal to a series of numbers

representing the signal at discrete intervals is called analog to digital conversion
and this process is performed by the digitizer ( Alguacil and Havskov,2010).
Digitizers input is the voltage coming from the seismometer, and its output is a
series of digits or what we call counts. Sensitivity of Q330 digitizer is 419430
count/volt, which means that if the input voltage (from the seismometer to the
digitizer) is 1 volt , the output of the digitizer will be 419430 count (output of
digitizer will be stored in the wave form file ).
For the example above (on assumption that the digitizer is Quantrra Q330),
output of the digitizer will be:
count
9424.8
volt * 419430
= 3.953043864 count
9
volt
10
For the second example, output of the digitizer (which represents the value to be
stored in waveform file) will be:
4500 * 10- 9 volt * 419430
3.2
count
= 1.887count
volt
Ground Motion Determination
In the digital recording system ground motion (represented by displacement,

velocity or acceleration) can be calculated from the formula as (Alguacil and
Havskov,2010)
Ground motion = output / system magnification------------------------------ (3-3).
The seismograph can be understood as a linear system where the input is the
ground motion and the output is the number (count) in the digital recording system
(Alguacil and Havskov,2010).
To remove instrument response, apply the formula:
amplitude =
amplitude(count )
- - - - - - - - - (3 - 3)a
seismometer displasement gain (volt / meter ) * 419430(count / volt )
29
To get the displacement in meter unit, or apply the formula:

amplitude =
amplitude(count )
- - - - - - - -(3 - 3)b
seismometer velocity gain (volt / meter / sec ond ) * 419430(count / volt )
To get the velocity in (meter/second) unit.

Suppose that the amplitude and period for a certain cycle within the seismic trace
were 9000 counts and 2 seconds, to calculate the amplitude of the ground
displacement:
From table (2), gain (magnification) of the seismometer in respond to the
ground displacement when the period is 2 second is 4712.4 volt/meter.
Apply eq (3-3) a.
amplitude =
9000count
= 4.55 * 10- 6 meter = 4.55 * 10- 6 * 109 nanometer
volt
count
4712.4
* 419430
meter
volt
To calculate the velocity of the ground motion, apply eq. (3-3) b

velocity =
9000count
meter
nanometer
To see
= 1.43 * 10- 5
= 1.43 * 104
volt.sec ond
count
sec ond
sec ond
1500
* 419430
meter
volt
a high resolution table of displacement and velocity magnification of ISN system

see appendix (2). Fig (3-1) is the displacement magnification curve(displacement
response curve) of STS-2 seismometer. Fig(3-2) is the velocity magnification
curve of STS-2 seismometer obtained by applying eq(3-2) and Fig(3-3) is velocity
response(magnification) curve taken from streckisan STS-2 seismometer
documents.
30
100000
Magnification(v/m)
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency(Hz)
10
100
Fig(3-1) Displacement magnification curve of streckisen STS-2 seismometer as a function of frecuency. Frequency
and corresponding displacement magnification are taken from the table in appindex(2).
Magnification(v/m/s)
10000
1000
100
10
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency(Hz)
10
100
Fig(3-2). Velocity magnification curve of STS-2 seismometer as a function of frequency. Frequency and
corresponding velocity magnification are taken from the table in appendix(2).
31
Fig (3-3). Velocity magnification curve of STS-2 seismometer, taken from the seismometers manual: (Streckeisen
STS-2 very-broad-band triaxial seismometer) one of seismometer documents provided by Kinametric company.
Comparison between response curve obtaining from applying formula(3-2) and response curve of seismometer
documents shows the completely matching in frequency range from 3 milli Hertz to 10 Hertz ( maxima used in the
present study are in frequency range between 0.2 Hz to 1 Hz).
3.3 Wood-Anderson Seismometer Magnification

Richter represents the displacement magnification of Wood Anderson torsion
seismometer in the form:
v
H=
A2 + B 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (3-4)
Where:
A =1-
B=
T2
t2
2hT
H is the magnification with no units (mm trace amplitude to mm of ground

motion), T is the period of ground motion in second, v is the static magnification=
2800. (Richter, 1958).
32
(Uhrhammer and Collins, 1990) found that the static magnification of wood
Anderson torsion seismometer is 2080 and that value (2080) will be used as the
value of static magnification in the present study.
is the seismometer free period in seconds and is equal to 0.8 second, h is the
damping constant and is equal to 0.8 (Richter, 1958).
Tabulated values of Wood Anderson seismometer magnification and
corresponding period is generated by substitute H, , ,s and series of numbers
represents the period of a rang between (4 and 0.1) second in eq (3-4) . See table
(3-3), and Fig (3-4).
Wood Anderson displacement magnification
displacement
gain(unitless)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
10
12
frequency(Hz)
Fig (3-4). Displacement magnification of Wood Anderson Seismometer as a function of frequency, according to
Uhrhammer and Collins (1990), static magnification is assumed 2080. Wood-Anderson displacement magnification
values are taken from table(3-3), and excel is used in drawing.
33
Table (3-3). Magnification of Wood Anderson seismometer. Column (3) represents the trace amplitude when the
ground motion is 1 millimeter, therefore: magnification of Wood Anderson is unitless (mm/mm).
Period(second)
4
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
Frequency(Hz)
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.36
0.38
0.42
0.45
0.50
0.56
0.63
0.71
0.83
1.00
1.25
1.67
2.50
5.00
10.00
WA displacement gain(unitless)
82.22
90.98
101.20
113.24
127.54
144.70
165.52
191.09
222.95
263.26
315.14
383.19
474.20
598.11
768.66
1001.16
1300.00
1628.48
1896.80
2040.68
2070.71
3.4 Synthetic WA Amplitude

Amplitude must be read on Wood-Anderson seismograph to achieve ML
calculations. In the case of reading amplitude on a seismograph with displacement
magnification, different amplitude must be synthesized and this can be achieved by
applying the formula:
Synthetic WA amplitude =
WA displacement magnification
* output of system - - - - - - - - - (3 - 5)
system displacement magnification
(Bormann, 2002).
By using of the Tables (3-2), Table (3-3) and applying eq (3-5)
34
for t between (4 and 0.1) second, table (3-4) is generated, so it can extract Wood
Anderson synthetic amplitude in millimeter from the raw data (in count) (see table
(3-4).
Table (3-4) the ratio of WA gain to ISN system gain and the corresponding periods.
WA
seismometer
displacement
Period(second) magnification
4
82.22
3.8
90.98
3.6
101.2
3.4
113.24
3.2
127.54
3
144.7
2.8
165.52
2.6
191.09
2.4
222.95
2.2
263.26
2
315.14
1.8
383.19
1.6
474.2
1.4
598.11
1.2
768.66
1
1001.16
0.8
1300
0.6
1628.48
0.4
1896.8
0.2
2040.68
0.1
2070.71
WA displacement gain
count
System gain
mm
0.0000832
0.0000875
0.0000922
0.0000974
0.0001032
0.0001098
0.0001172
0.0001257
0.0001354
0.0001465
0.0001594
0.0001745
0.0001919
0.0002118
0.0002333
0.0002533
0.0002631
0.0002472
0.0001919
0.0001032
0.0000524
Appendix (2) is a high resolution table which can be used to extract synthetic
Wood Anderson amplitude in millimeter and nanometer from the raw data.
Suppose that the amplitude for a specific cycle in the raw data was 9000 count and
the period was 2 second then:
By applying eq (3-5):
Synthetic WA amplitude in mm will be:
0.0001594(mm/count)*9000 count=1.4346 mm.
35
WA gain/ISN gain(mm/count)
0.0003
0.00025
0.0002
0.00015
0.0001
0.00005
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Period(second)
Fig (3-5). (WA gain/ ISN gain) as a function of period.
To calculate synthetic Wood Anderson amplitude in millimeter for a certain

cycle follow the two points below:
Measure the amplitude in count
Multiply the measured amplitude by the ratio :
WA gain
mm
system gain
count
3.5 Wood Anderson Synthesis from Digital Data

To develop empirical equation for local magnitude ,synthetic Wood Anderson
seismogram have become widely used by deconvolution of recording instrument
response and convolution the signal with standard Wood Anderson torsion
seismograph which has a natural period ( ) of 0.8 second , static magnification (v)
of 2080 and damping factor of 0.8 (Kang et al, 2000).
After synthesizing Wood Anderson seismograms from each record, maximum
amplitude of synthetic seismograms in horizontal and vertical components can be
used to determine the coefficients of the empirical formula (Kang et al, 2000).
36
The recording signal(f) obtained at each station can be expressed by convoluting

ground motion (g) and instrument response(i) as function of time(Uhrhammar and
Collins ,1990).
f(t)=g(t).i(t)--------------------------------------------------------------------------(3-6)
To obtain the ground displacement g(t):
1. Fourier transform to f (t) to get F (w).
2. Fourier transform to I (t) to get I (w).
[i(t) may be displacement , velocity or acceleration response function]
3. G (w) =F (w)/I (w).
4. Inverse Fourier transform for G (w) to get g(t).
To obtain synthetic Wood Anderson seismogram:
5. Convolve g (t) with Wood Anderson displacement response r (t) (Havskov
and Ottemoller , 2010).
In Seisan software the trace is corrected for the instrument response in order to
produce displacement. The displacement trace is then multiplied with the response
of the Wood-Anderson instrument to produce a signal to look exactly like it that
would have been seen on a Wood-Anderson seismograph (Ottemoller et al, 2011).
3.6 Reading Amplitude by Seisan Sofware

The following steps are followed to read maximum amplitude on synthetic WoodAnderson trace:
1. Raw data are reviewed by Seisan
2. Generating a synthetic Wood Anderson trace from raw data.
3. Position cursor at the top of the cycle of the maximum amplitude and press
a. Position cursor at the bottom of the same cycle and press (a). Amplitude
(zero to peak) and period are now stored. (Seisan manual).
For MS calculation, the same procedure is followed but the readings are taken on
the velocity trace.
Figures (3-6a) to (3-6g) illustrate how to measure amplitude by Seisan software
37
Fig (3-6a). Z-component for a seismic event recorded by MSL station and reviewed by Seisan software in raw data
form. Text in the first line on the top , contains information about the seismic event that the trace belongs to. Date of
the seismic event is 25/10/2001, origin time is 14:55:08, coordinates are 38.850 as latitude and 43.600 as longitude,
the depth is 10 km. this event is one of the 78 events of the dataset of the present study. the trace belongs to Mousol
station(MSL) and the component is Z of 10 sample per second(BHZ). Plot start time is 14:55:31.306 . X-axis is the
time and it can be seen that the trace have three ticks the absolute time of the first tick is 14:56:00. The whole time
window is about 3.5 minute.
Fig(3-6b). Zoomed trace to the same event of Fig(3-6a) . Zoomed section is the section we expect to find maximum
amplitude in it.
38
Fig(3-6c). Synthetic Wood Anderson trace to the record of Fig (3-6a)
Fig(3-6d). Reading amplitude on synthetic Wood Anderson trace of Fig (3-6a). Zero to peak amplitude is
15217.5nm and the period of the cycle of the maximum amplitude is 1.41 second
39
Fig (3-6e). Velocity trace to the record of Fig (3-6a). seisan program can correct the raw data to produce
displacement, velocity and acceleration trace.
Fig (3-6f). Zoomed view to the velocity trace of Fig (3-6a), (zooming is in the place of V max).
40
Fig (3-6g). Reading maximum velocity on the velocity trace.
3.7 Verification of Seisan Software

Seisan can not generate Wood Anderson or velocity traces unless it reads response
information from a file written in specific format and placed in a specific directory.
To make sure that Seisan is working well and the amplitude readings taken from
Seisan is correct, a sub dataset is randomly chosen from the main dataset and for
every record of that dataset, amplitude read twice and surface wave magnitude
(MS) is calculated as the following:
Amplitude and period directly read on velocity trace then MS is
calculated.(MS calculated from amplitude read on velocity trace is referred
to as: MS velocity)
Amplitude and period read on raw data( of the maximum closest to the
maximum read in step (1) , correction made by use of eq (3-3b ) and
appendix (2) then MS is calculated.( MS calculated from amplitude read on
raw data trace is referred to as: MS raw
Details of calculation in appendix (3) and Fig (3-8) is a graph represents ( MS
seisan minus MS raw) for every record in the sub dataset used .
41
MS seisan - MS raw
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
-0.01 0
10
15
20
25
30
35
-0.02
sample number
Fig(3-8). MS calculated from reading maximum amplitude on velocity trace(MS seisan) minus MS calculated from
reading maximum amplitude on raw data after making the correction(MS raw).
By use of the same procedure , ML is calculated by use maximum amplitude read

Wood Anderson trace (ML seisan) and it is calculated by use of amplitude read on
raw data to the maximum nearest to the maximum of synthetic Wood Anderson
trace (ML raw) . Details of calculation in appendix(3). Fig (3-9) is a graph
represents (ML seisan minus ML raw) for every record in the sub dataset used.
0.10000
ML seisan- ML raw
0.05000
0.00000
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
-0.05000
-0.10000
-0.15000
sample number
Fig (3-9). ML calculated by use of maximum amplitude read on synthetic Wood Anderson trace minus ML
calculated by use of raw data.
42
From the comparison between MS calculated in the two cases and ML calculated
in the two cases we can conclude the following:
Synthetic Wood Anderson trace generated by seisan software is dependable.
43
Chapter (4)
Working with data
4.1 Data Collection and Preparation

When seismic event occurs, some or all stations in the network will record it, so
there are a number of seismograms for every seismic event.
Because ISN stations are triaxial, every seismogram consists of three components
and every one of these component provides one (amplitude-distance) datum (or
one record). 78 seismic events recorded at some or all ISN stations at the period
between 2010 and 2012 provided the present study with (354) data record to
contribute in deriving MLV scale (ML depends on vertical component ) and 691
record to contribute in deriving MLH scale (ML depends on horizontal
component).
Seismic events selection depends on the following basis
Low noise
Sample rate equal or more than 10 sample per second
Event is Recorded in more than one station
Minimum hypocenter- station distance to the seismic events contribute in the study
was 47.3 Km while maximum distance was 1060 Km.
Minimum mb(USGS) of the seismic events of the study was 3.5 while maximum
mb(USGS) was 6.2 .
Figures (4-1) and (4-2) are two histograms that show the distribution of data
records according to hypocenter- station distance, for records used in deriving
MLV and MLH respectively. Fig (4-3) is a histogram shows the distribution of
seismic events used in the study according to mb(USGS). Fig (4-4) shows
epicenters of seismic events used in the study projected on a map.
Latitude, longitude, minimum event-station distance, maximum event-station
distance, number of records used in deriving MLV and number of records used in
deriving MLH for every ISN station , illustrated in table(4-1).
Table (4-1). Information about ISN stations and their contribution in providing data records used in the study.
Station
Latitude Longitude Min.

(degree) (degree)
eventstation
distance
MSL
RTB
IKRK
IBDR
NSR
36.4
33.02
35.4
33.11
31.01
43.11
40.3
44.34
45.93
46.14
100
414.2
47.3
110.7
72.8
Max.
eventstation
distance
Number
of
records
used in
MLV
deriving
1022
62
1060.1 62
873.1
72
776.1
57
908
52
Number of records
used in MLH
deriving
127
130
150
122
83
44
frequency
MLV
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
71
50
53
40
50
39
28
14
5
4
47
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1100
event station distance(km)

Fig (4-1). A histogram shows the distribution of data records according to hypocenter- station distance, for records
used in deriving MLV.
frequency
MLH
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
140
97
106
105
82
78
42
25
47
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1100
event-station distance(km)
Fig (4-2). A histogram shows the distribution of data records according to hypocenter- station distance, for records
used in deriving MLH.
45
25
22
frequency
20
15
12
10
10
10
5
6
4
1
3
1
0
3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3
3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1
mb(USGS)
Fig(4-3). A histogram shows Distribution of seismic events used in the study according to mb(USGS).
46
Fig (4-4).Epicenters of seismic events projected on a map represents the studied area. Red Oblique is the recording
station while green cycle represents the seismic event.
4.2 Data Set Used in the Present Study

Data set used in present study was distributed among two tables as illustrated
bellow:
Table (4-2) consists of 15 fields:
1. Field (1) headed: ev ID: every single seismic event took a unique
identifier (from 1 to 78).
2. Field (2) to field (7) are the date and origin time of the seismic event.
47
3. field(8),field(9), field(10) are : latitude, longitude and depth of the

seismic event
4. Field (11) is the short period body wave magnitude (mbgs) as reported
by USGS/NEIC.
5. Field (12) is ML for the event as reported by (TEH) (an Iranian
agency).
6. Field (13) is ML for the seismic event as reported by (ISK) (a Turkish
agency).
7. Field (14) is the body wave magnitude (mb) of (IDC).
8. Field (15) is the broad band surface wave magnitude (MS) of (IDC).
48
Table (4-2). Date, origin time, location, depth and magnitude of seismic events used in present study.
ev id
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
year
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
month
1
2
2
9
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
day
16
11
23
27
22
23
24
24
24
24
25
26
26
27
28
2
8
12
14
14
17
18
22
29
30
3
4
hour
20
16
10
4
10
20
8
8
15
22
14
3
23
8
22
11
22
18
16
22
2
17
3
7
0
1
22
minute
23
29
25
26
38
45
28
49
28
13
55
16
42
4
48
43
5
20
47
8
37
39
30
58
47
30
15
second
41
41
54
9
2
37
27
20
8
32
8
19
27.6
22
4
3
50
2
17
16
19
40
37
14
23
54
3
latitude
32.57
33.34
32.56
37.65
36.98
38.64
38.67
38.68
38.7
38.72
38.85
38.7
38.64
37.21
32.56
37.19
38.71
38.63
38.61
38.75
39.16
38.85
38.62
34.67
38.52
38.76
38.46
longitude
48.38
47.24
48.26
43.84
42.86
43.22
43.56
43.63
43.13
43.18
43.6
43.2
43.16
43.93
48.98
43.82
43.11
43.18
43.01
43.17
41.59
43.87
43.31
45.11
43.41
43.97
43.3
depth(km)
51
10
10
2
5
10
2
5
16
5
10
7
23
10
53
2
6
19
7
10
10
2
5
2
2
2
5
mb(usgs)
5
4.5
5.2
3.8
3.5
5.9
4.7
4.8
5
4.4
5.7
4.7
4.6
5.2
4.7
4.7
5.6
4.6
4.7
5.2
4.8
5
4.6
4.3
4.9
4.7
4.7
ml
tehran
4.9
4.3
5.2
3.5
4.2
5.7
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.5
5.4
4.3
5.5
4.7
5.5
4.7
5.2
4.6
4
4.9
4.7
ml
isk
4.2
5.7
4.5
4.5
4.7
4.4
5.4
4.5
4.4
5.4
4.8
5.4
4.3
4.5
5
4.6
4.9
4.6
5
4.3
4.9
49
mb
IDC
4.4
4.1
4.5
3.6
3.6
5.4
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.2
5.3
4.1
4.1
4.7
4.2
4.3
5
4
4.2
4.8
4.4
4.5
4.2
4
4.4
4.3
4.3
MS
IDC
4
3.4
4.5
3.1
3
5.7
3.6
3.7
4
3.5
5.1
3.9
4.3
4.4
4
3.8
4.6
3.7
3.7
4.3
4.1
4.3
3.9
2.6
4.7
3.7
3.9
ev id
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
year
2011
2011
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
month
12
12
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
6
6
6
6
day
6
27
28
5
10
25
4
18
18
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
22
23
23
24
3
5
8
14
15
24
hour
2
19
23
6
21
12
9
18
20
7
1
1
3
3
15
16
16
17
8
16
23
18
10
1
16
5
23
20
minute
56
18
18
50
41
28
41
43
4
42
21
21
5
31
37
17
32
19
13
42
0
16
9
57
15
52
48
7
second
1
54
50
34
4
54
40
1
5
52
11
7
47
39
5
50
51
52
52
59
39
39
36
15
12
54
17
21.5
latitude
38.82
38.94
32.57
35.04
32.63
32.47
38.88
32.56
32.48
32.39
32.51
32.5
32.63
32.42
32.54
32.52
32.49
32.43
32.44
32.65
32.51
32.36
32.75
34.87
29.71
37.29
37.4
38.63
longitude
43.64
43.69
47.1
44.09
46.98
46.98
43.57
47.03
47.12
46.95
47.07
47.05
47.02
46.97
47.08
47.1
46.97
46.99
47.09
47.01
46.79
47.17
47.73
44.17
50.76
42.33
42.41
43.65
depth(km)
5
2
0
2
0
30.6
2.6
30
0
10
34.2
20
45.5
0
24.4
24
0
44.3
0
0
38
51.2
10
42.8
14
5.4
0
6.2
mb(usgs)
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.4
5.1
4.4
4.6
5.1
5.1
5
4.4
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.5
4.8
4.5
5.6
4.4
4.9
5.3
4.9
ml
tehran
4.5
5.3
4
4.2
4.2
4.9
4.4
4.4
5.1
5.1
4.8
4.1
5
4.8
4.2
4.2
4.2
4
4.4
4.3
5.5
4.9
4.8
5.5
4.5
ml
isk
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.5
50
mb
IDC
4.1
3.9
4.2
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.7
4.7
4.5
4
4.5
4.3
3.9
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.3
4
4.8
4.1
4.5
4.9
3.5
4.6
MS
IDC
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.4
3.4
3.2
3.7
4.2
4
3.6
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.6
3.1
3.3
2.9
3.5
3.3
4.7
3.8
4.2
4.5
3.4
3.9
ev id
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
year
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2013
2013
2013
month
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
11
11
12
1
1
1
day
14
20
24
5
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
13
14
15
16
12
13
7
27
23
19
20
21
hour
0
16
22
20
12
12
15
15
16
19
22
1
14
17
17
23
2
6
6
6
16
17
18
minute
55
20
53
37
23
44
21
43
21
52
24
56
2
49
14
29
42
26
22
38
51
12
50
second
1
22
39
24
18
39
20
17
53
45
3
8
25
5
12
36
23
33
30
57.1
38
30
50
latitude
34.6
38.64
38.61
37.54
38.33
38.46
38.63
38.23
38.42
38.27
38.46
38.25
38.45
38.41
38.37
37.09
37.28
38.42
33.2
38.47
31.77
31.65
31.61
longitude
47.51
43.35
43.37
43.11
46.83
46.64
46.81
46.7
46.68
46.85
46.72
46.5
46.79
46.67
46.59
43.63
43.81
46.62
49.21
44.86
46.03
46
45.98
depth(km)
5.6
44.2
0
16
10
14.1
10
0
4
10
17.4
0
6
4
0
9.3
0
10
24.5
10
10
0
35
mb(usgs)
4.6
4.5
4.9
6.2
4.8
4.7
5
4.7
5.1
4.6
5.1
5.3
4.8
4.3
4.5
5.4
4.7
5.2
ml
tehran
4.4
ml
isk
4.1
4.4
5.4
6.2
4.6
4.7
3.9
4.5
4.9
4.6
5.2
5.1
4.5
4.3
4.4
5.1
4.7
5
4.2
4.1
51
mb
IDC
4.3
3.8
4
4.6
5.4
MS
IDC
3.3
3.1
3.4
4.2
6.5
4.3
4.7
3.8
4.3
4.8
4.1
4.7
4.9
4.3
3.8
3.9
5
4.1
4.9
4.8
4.3
3.4
3.4
4.5
3.6
4.2
4.2
3.9
3.1
5.3
3.9
4.3
Every single event in Table (4-2) is recorded at more than one of ISN stations.
Appendix (4) represents a table shows the recording details for that event which is
recorded at some or all of ISN stations.
Appendix (4) represents the main dataset used in the present study and almost all
calculations made by use of its records.
The conjunction between table (4-2) and appendix (4) is the field: evid in the two
tables. ( event of ev id=1 in table(4-2) have 8 related records in appendix(4), origin
time of that event is 16/1/2010 20:23:41 , recorded at three stations which are
IBDR, NSR and RTB , recoding detail are in 8 records of appendix 4, from record
of record id=1 to record of record id=8).
According to IASPI recommendations 2011 for the triaxial stations which contain
two horizontal components in front of one vertical, for MLH derivation, amplitude
will be read on each one of the two horizontal components and each amplitude will
be treated as a single datum.
Therefore, number of data records used to derive MLH almost equal twice the data
used to derive MLV
4.3 Hutton and Boor, 1987 Study, a Review

From year 1935 to year 1987, ML for southern California is calculated according
to the ML scale derived by Richter (by use the values of Log Ao as a distance
correction).
(Workers who do routine magnitude assignment are aware that distant stations
produce magnitudes that are too high, and nearby stations produce magnitudes that
are too low, relative to stations at intermediate distances. In general, only the
practice of averaging values from all available stations has prevented this from
being more of a problem than it is. (Hutton and Boor, 1987).
In other word, high residuals in some stations which record the same event is what
urge Hutton and Boor to derive a new ML scale.
Almost all Hutton and Boors comparisons were built on the comparisons between
residuals.
According to Hutton and Boor, (1987): residuals refer to the difference between
the magnitude computed from a single station and the event magnitude obtained by
averaging the individual station magnitudes.
Therefore, residual is calculated from the formula
Residual= ML(sta) - ML(eq)-----------------------------------------------------------(4-1)
Where: ML(sta) is the magnitude computed from a single station. ML(eq) is the
event magnitude obtained by averaging the individual station magnitudes.(see
Hutton and Boor,1987).
52
Standard deviation of residuals is the square root of mean square value of residuals
or:
n
Standard deviation =
(residual )
i =1
------------------------------------------------------(4-2)
Where n is the number of residuals

According to the high residual of Mammoth lake, Hutton and Boor decided to
exclude Mammoth lakes stations data.
According to IASPI recommendation (2011) Hutton formula became a standard in
ML calculation (Bormann and Dewey, 2012).
4.4 Linear Least Square Fitting Execution

By use of appendix 4 records, linear least square curve fitting is applied on (305)
equation to construct MLV scale and (612) equation to construct MLH scale, the
results are:
1. for MLV
(a) = 1.028
(b) = 0.00122
(c) = -1.86
78 values of MLV for 78 seismic events.
5 station corrections.
Therefore MLV formula according to Hutton and Boor, 1987 model is:
MLV = log (A) + 1.028log(R) + 0.00122(R) 1.86+ S----------------------------(4-3)
Where: A is Maximum
amplitude in nanometer read on synthetic WoodAnderson trace to the vertical component. R is hypocenter station distance in
kilometer (up to 1060 Km).S is station correction.
Station corrections for the five stations are shown in table(4-3)
Table (4-3). Station corrections, after the execution of the linear least square fitting operation to derive MLV , for
the five stations. These values are added to the single station magnitude (MLV sta) when applying formula (4-3).
IBDR
NSR
RTB
IKRK
MSL
0.021
0.005
-0.134
-0.035
0.144
Formula (4-3) according to the present study is an ML scale that can be applied on
the vertical component records and will be referred to as MLV(ISN).
2 . for MLH
(a) = 0.891
(b) = 0.00143
(c) = -1.607
78 values of MLH for 78 seismic events.
53
5 station corrections.
MLH formula according to Hutton and Boor,1987 model is:
MLH = log (A) + 0.891 log(R) + 0.00143(R) 1.607 +S----------------------- (4-4)
Where: A is Maximum
amplitude in nanometer read on synthetic WoodAnderson trace to the horizontal component. Each one of the two horizontal
readings to the same event recorded at the same station is treated as a single datum.
S is the station correction (the value to be added to the single station magnitude).
Station corrections for the five stations are shown in table (4-4).
Table (4-4). Station corrections , after the execution of the linear least square fitting operation to derive MLH, for
the five stations. These values are added to the single station magnitude (MLH sta) when applying formula (4-4).
IBDR
0.043
NSR
-0.106
RTB
-0.087
IKRK
0.007
MSL
0.147
Formula (4-4) according to the present study is an ML scale that can be applied on
the horizontal component records and will be referred to as MLH(ISN).
4.4.1 Examining Formula (4-3) and Formula (4-4) Statistically

For formula (4-3), single station magnitude (MLV sta) will be calculated to the
vertical component readings of appendix (4) , and event magnitude(MLV eq) will
be calculated by averaging single station magnitude for that event . Residuals
(residual MLV) will be calculated according to eq(4-1) for every single event and
standard deviation(SD MLV) will be calculated according to eq(4-2) .
For formula (4-4) the same procedure will be followed (on horizontal records of
appendix (4)) to calculate MLH sta , MLH eq, residual MLH and SD MLH .
After calculation, the following results are obtained:
SD MLV= 0.143
SD MLH= 0.155
Figures (4-5) and (4-6) represent the residuals according to MLV(ISN) and
MLH(ISN) respectively . Appendix (6)/table(1) and appendix(6)/table(2) contain
calculation details of single station magnitude, event magnitude and standard
deviation according MLV and MLH respectively ; also this appendix contains the
output of the program MAG-2 within Seisan software.
54
Residual
SD=0.143
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
event ID
-0.8
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
Fig (4-5). Residuals according to MLV(ISN). Residual is calculated according to the equation: residual=ML sta-ML
eq. ML sta is the single station magnitude calculated by Appling MLV(ISN) on every vertical component record in
appendix 4. ML eq is the magnitude calculated by averaging single station magnitude for every seismic event. Yaxis is the residual; x-axis is event ID (from column ev ID in appendix 4). Standard deviation is the square root of
average of squares the residuals.
0.6Residual
SD=0.155
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
1
11
21
31
41
Fig (4-6). Residuals according to MLH (ISN).
51
61
71
81
Event ID
4.4.2 A Comparison Between Hutton, 1987 and MLH (ISN) Formula

According to IASPI recommendations (For crustal earthquakes in regions with
attenuation properties similar to those of Southern California, the proposed
standard equation is
ML= log(A) + 1.11 log R + 0.00189R - 2.09(Hutton, 1987 formula)
Where:
55
A = maximum trace amplitude in nm that is measured on output from a horizontalcomponent instrument that is filtered so that the response of the seismograph/filter
system replicates that of a Wood-Anderson standard seismograph; R = hypocentral
distance in km, typically less than 1000 km).(Bormann and Dewey,2012).
Hutton and Boor,(1987) formula is the formula used in ISN since year 2009 to
calculate ML . a statistical comparison will be hold between Hutton,( 1987)
formula and MLH (ISN) formula ( which derived in the present study) as the
following:
For every horizontal component record in appendix (4) the following calculation
will be made:
Single station magnitude will be calculated according to Hutton (Hutton sta)
and ISN formula ( MLH ISN sta).
Average station magnitude for every event (Hutton eq) and (MLH ISN eq)
will be calculated.
Residual (Hutton) and Residual (MLH ISN) according to eq(4-1) will be
calculated.
Standard deviation (SD) of residuals will be calculated for the two cases (SD
Hutton) and (SD MLH ISN).
Since Hutton and Boor, 1987 formula is without station correction, calculation of
MLH (ISN) also will be done without station correction.
After doing the calculations, the two standard deviation values were:
SD Hutton = 0.238
SD MLH ISN = 0.176
Figures (4-7) and (4-8) represent the residuals of magnitude computed to appendix
4 records according to Hutton and Boor, 1987 and MLH(ISN) of the present study
formula
56
Residual
SD=0.238
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
event ID
Fig (4-7). Residuals according to Hutton and Boor,1987 formula. Residual is calculated according to the equation:
residual=ML sta-ML eq. ML sta is the single station magnitude calculated by Appling Hutton and Boor,1987
formula on every horizontal component record in appendix 4. ML eq is the magnitude calculated by averaging
single station magnitude for every seismic event. Y-axis is the residual, x-axis is event ID(taken from column ev ID
in appendix 4. Standard deviation is the square root of average of squares of the residuals.
Residual
0.8
SD=0.176
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
Event ID
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
Fig (4-8). Residuals according to MLH(ISN) formula. Single station magnitude is calculated without adding station
correction.
57
4.5 Attenuation Curve Study

Borman , (2002) plotted attenuation curves (-logAo) as function of distance ( -log
Ao = a*log distance + b*distance+c) for southern California and some other
regions according to ML formulas derived in these regions; and by a comparison
between attenuation curve of southern California(Hutton and Boor,1987) and that
of Norway (Alsaker et al,1991) they deduced that continental shield areas
revealed significantly lower seismic-wave attenuation when compared with
Southern California .
Fig (4-9) represents the two attenuation curves obtained from MLV(ISN) and
MLH(ISN) of the present study , S.California attenuation curveHutton and
Boor,(1987) and Norway attenuation curve (Alsaker et al,1991). It can be seen that
the slope and level of ISN two attenuation curves are between those of Norway
and southern California and that reflects attenuation characteristics a mid between
Norway (high-Q intraplate environment ) and southern California (tectonically
active). The two curves of ISN are almost matched (since they represent the same
area) and that reflects the high accuracy of the whole work in the present study.
Attenuation curves of ISN and some other areas are shown in Fig (4-10).
Details about formulas and data( a,b parameters and c constant) depended in
plotting Fig (4-9) and Fig(4-10) are in table(1-1)
4.6 Relationship between average Wood-Anderson amplitude to the

vertical and horizontal components
To the data records of appendix (4):
Average log (maximum Wood- Anderson trace amplitude) of the vertical
component records is calculated (average log V max).
Average log (maximum Wood- Anderson trace amplitude) of the horizontal
component records is calculated (average log H max).
The results were:
Average log V max=2.949
Average log H max=3.238
That what makes the values of MLH more than the values of MLV for the same
events with about 0.289 as average (since logAo values are almost equal for the
two formulas and ML=logA+logAo). See Fig(4-9) and table(4-6)
This result agree with what Havskov and Ottemoller ,( 2010) referred to: ( on a
rock site, the maximum amplitudes on vertical and horizontal components are
similar . On soil, horizontal amplitudes are significantly higher than vertical
amplitudes due to soil amplification (Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010).
58
S.
California,
Hutton and
Boor,1987
Norway,Alsa
ker et
al,1991
4.5
-Log Ao
MLV ISN ,
present
study
3.5
MLH ISN ,
present
study
2.5
2
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100
distance(km)
Fig (4-9). Attenuation curve (-Log Ao = a*Log(distance)+b*distance+c) of ISN, Norway and southern California.
See Fig(2-6) to compare.
S.
California;Hutto
n and Boor,1987
C.
California;Bakun
and joyner,1984
Ao
4.5
-Log
N. Italy;Bindi
et al,2005
3.5
south africa;
Saunders et
al,2012
2.5
Ethiopia;Keir et
al,2006
2
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100
distance(km)
Fig (4-10). attenuation curve( LogAo valuse as a function of distance ) taken from ML formula of some regions on
assumption that maximum Wood- Anderson trace is taken in millimeter unit , if it is taken in nanometer , 2.68
[log(1000000/2080)] must be subtracted from every -logAo value.
59
4.7 ISN Two Formulas, Mathematical Relationships

It can be useful to compare magnitudes within a network or with another network
in order to find outliers or simply check performance against recognized data
centers(Havskov and Ottemoller , 2010).
Relationships will be derived between ISN two scales( achieved by present study)
and some of the common magnitude scales by use of MLV (ISN) and MLH(ISN)
of the 78 events( obtained from present study) in the table(4-2) and magnitudes
taken from ISC for these events, and these relationships are: Mb(USGS) _ MLV(
ISN), mb(USGS) _ MLH( ISN), mb(IDC)_ MLV( ISN), Mb(IDC)_ MLH( ISN),
MS(IDC)_ MLV( ISN) and MS(IDC)_ MLH( ISN).
There is often a need to convert one magnitude to another, whether there are of the
same type or another type (Sinvhal, 2010).
The aim behind magnitude relationships is to calibrate magnitude calculated in
ISN and to follow the mistakes in ML calculation especially for events recorded by
one or two seismic stations only. Also to give others a chance to calibrate the
magnitude reported by ISN to the seismic events that they recorded. By the use of
simple linear regression between mb(MS) of USGS(IDC) for the seismic events of
table(4-2) and MLV ISN(MLH ISN) to the same events( obtained from present
study) relationships in table(4-5) are obtained.
Table (4-5). Relationships to calculate predicted ML ISN by use of mb,MS of IDC and mb of USGS.
Relationship
SD
Number of events
MLV(ISN)=-0.427+1.097*mb(IDC)
0.283
74
MLV(ISN)=1.464+0.725*MS(IDC)
0.244
72
MLV(ISN)=-0.724+1.062*mb(USGS)
0.316
72
MLH(ISN)=-0.484+1.07*mb(USGS)
0.28
73
MLH(ISN)=-0.196+1.109*mb(IDC)
0.2544
73
MLH(ISN)=1.88+0.69*MS(IDC)
0.2615
73
See Fig(4-11), Fig(4-12), Fig(4-13), Fig(4-14), Fig(4-15) and Fig(4-16)

60
mb(IDC)_MLV(ISN) relationship
MLV(ISN)= -0.427+1.079*mb(IDC)
Number of events is 74
SD=0.283
Residual
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
Event ID
-0.8
1
21
41
61
81
Fig (4-11). Residuals according to mb(IDC)_MLV relationship. Residual is calculated from the formula:
Residual=MLV(ISN)relationship real MLV(ISN).Standard deviation(SD) is 0.283.
MS(IDC)_MLV relationship
MLV(ISN)=1.464+0.725*MS(IDC)
SD=0.244
Residual
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
Event ID
-0.8
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
Fig (4-12). Residuals according to MS(IDC)_MLV(ISN) relationship.
61
mb(USGS)_MLV(ISN) relationship
MLV(ISN)= -0.724+1.062*mb(USGS)
SD=0.316
Residual
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
Fig (4-13). Residuals according to mb(USGS)_MLV(ISN) relationship.
71
81
Event ID
mb(USGS)_MLH(ISN) relationship
MLH(ISN)= -0.484+1.07*mb(USGS)
SD=0.28
Residual
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fig (4-14). Residuals according to mb(USGS)_MLH(ISN) relationship.
70
Event ID
80
62
mb(IDC)_MLH(ISN) relationship
MLH(ISN)= -0.196+1.109*mb(IDC)
SD=0.2544
Residual
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
Event ID
-1
1
21
41
61
81
Fig (4-15). Residuals according to mb(IDC)_MLH(ISN) relationship.
MS(IDC)_MLH(ISN) relationship
MLH(ISN)= 1.88+0.69*MS(IDC)
SD=0.2615
Residual
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
1
21
41
61
81
Event ID
Fig (4-16). Residuals according to MS(IDC)_MLH(ISN) relationship.
63
4.8 ML for Dataset Used in Present Study as Reported by

ISK(Turkey) and TEH (Iran).
Because of the difference in attenuation prosperities among different regions, we
can not expect same ML values of the same event reported by various agencies.
Ambrasseys (1990), in an effort to arrive at uniform magnitudes for European
earthquakes, re-evaluated magnitudes in the range 3 < M < 8. He derived an
orthogonal regression relationships between mb being determined from shortperiod P-wave recordings( same procedure followed by USGS to calculate mb)
and ML calculated by use of horizontal component. That relation can be solved
for either one of the two variables.
mb ML Ambrasseys relationship is:
0.77 mb - 0.64 ML = 0.73
Table(4-6) contains ML for seismic events used in present study as reported by(
TEH) for seismic event located in Iran and (ISK) for seismic event located in
Turkey , the table contains ML calculated according MLV and MLH scales derived
in present study , at last the table contains calculated ML from mb of USGS by use
of Ambrasseys relationship [ML=(0.77mb-0.73)/0.64].
It is seen that MLH for dataset used in present study is closer to Ambrasseys
relationship than ML of TEH (Iran) and ML of ISK(Turky) to the same events and
that reflects the accuracy and the goodness of the whole work.
5
4.5
5.2
3.8
3.5
5.9
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.3
5.2
3.5
4.2
5.7
4.4
4.6
4.2
5.7
4.5
4.5
4.32
3.76
5.01
3.69
3.76
5.67
4.24
4.36
4.70
4.19
5.37
3.97
3.92
5.91
4.48
4.53
ML Ambrasseys
MLH
MLV
41
41
54
9
2
37
27
20
ML ISK(Turky)
23
29
25
26
38
45
28
49
ML Tehran
20
16
10
4
10
20
8
8
Mb(USGS)
Second
16
11
23
27
22
23
24
24
Minute
1
2
2
9
11
10
10
10
Hour
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011
Day
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Year
Ev ID
Table (4-6). MLV(present study),MLH(present study),ML(ISK),ML(TEH) and ML calculated according to

Ambrasseys,1990 relationship to calculate ML from mb.
4.88
4.27
5.12
3.43
3.07
5.96
4.51
4.63
64
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
45
46
47
48
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
24
24
25
26
26
27
28
2
8
12
14
14
17
18
22
29
30
3
4
6
27
28
5
10
25
4
18
18
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
22
23
23
15
22
14
3
23
8
22
11
22
18
16
22
2
17
3
7
0
1
22
2
19
23
6
21
12
9
18
20
7
1
1
3
3
15
16
17
8
16
23
28
13
55
16
42
4
48
43
5
20
47
8
37
39
30
58
47
30
15
56
18
18
50
41
28
41
43
4
42
21
21
5
31
37
17
19
13
42
0
8
32
8
19
27
22
4
3
50
2
17
16
19
40
37
14
23
54
3
1
54
50
34
4
54
40
1
5
52
11
7
47
39
5
50
52
52
59
39
5
4.4
5.7
4.7
4.6
5.2
4.7
4.7
5.6
4.6
4.7
5.2
4.8
5
4.6
4.3
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.4
5.1
4.4
4.6
5.1
5.1
5
4.4
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.5
4.8
4.5
4.5
5.4
4.3
5.5
4.7
5.5
4.7
5.2
4.6
4
4.9
4.7
4.5
5.3
4
4.2
4.2
4.9
4.4
4.4
5.1
5.1
4.8
4.1
5
4.8
4.2
4.2
4
4.4
4.7
4.4
5.4
4.5
4.4
5.4
4.8
5.4
4.3
4.5
5
4.6
4.9
4.6
5
4.3
4.9
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.57
3.85
5.29
4.09
3.93
5.03
4.08
4.42
4.89
3.99
4.13
4.95
4.19
4.47
4.26
3.57
4.63
4.11
4.33
4.21
4.24
4.47
4.55
3.72
3.42
3.87
4.68
3.80
3.92
4.82
4.81
4.78
3.78
4.34
4.15
3.78
4.01
3.57
4.32
4.82
4.17
5.51
4.36
4.24
5.29
4.46
4.82
5.22
4.24
4.33
5.18
4.44
4.77
4.50
3.94
4.93
4.32
4.64
4.43
4.48
4.87
4.10
4.07
4.19
4.17
5.02
3.99
4.12
5.05
5.07
5.09
3.93
4.64
4.44
4.17
4.31
3.88
4.63
4.88
4.15
5.72
4.51
4.39
5.12
4.51
4.51
5.60
4.39
4.51
5.12
4.63
4.88
4.39
4.03
4.75
4.51
4.51
4.39
4.51
4.51
4.27
4.15
4.39
4.15
5.00
4.15
4.39
5.00
5.00
4.88
4.15
4.63
4.51
4.39
3.91
4.27
4.63
65
49
50
51
52
53
55
56
58
59
60
61
62
63
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
77
78
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2013
2013
4
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
11
11
12
1
1
24
3
5
8
14
24
14
24
5
11
11
11
11
11
11
13
14
15
16
12
13
7
27
23
20
21
18
10
1
16
5
20
0
22
20
12
12
15
15
19
22
1
14
17
17
23
2
6
6
6
17
18
16
9
57
15
52
7
55
53
37
23
44
21
43
52
24
56
2
49
14
29
42
26
22
38
12
50
39
36
15
12
54
21
1
39
24
18
39
20
17
45
3
8
25
5
12
36
23
33
30
57
30
50
4.5
5.6
4.4
4.9
5.3
4.9
4.6
4.5
4.9
6.2
4.8
4.7
5
4.7
5.1
4.6
5.1
5.3
4.8
4.3
4.5
5.4
4.7
5.2
4.2
4.1
4.3
5.5
4.9
4.8
5.5
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.4
5.4
6.2
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.9
4.6
5.2
5.1
4.5
4.3
4.4
5.1
4.7
5
4.00
5.19
4.42
4.62
5.31
4.60
3.94
3.81
5.08
6.21
5.99
4.40
4.18
3.80
4.75
4.20
4.80
4.65
4.33
3.79
4.17
4.82
4.23
4.66
3.64
3.50
4.34
5.46
4.51
4.97
5.49
4.76
4.22
4.04
5.46
6.33
6.14
4.67
4.60
4.16
5.06
4.44
5.09
4.93
4.61
4.05
4.45
5.25
4.59
5.05
3.91
3.83
4.27
5.60
4.15
4.75
5.24
4.75
4.39
4.27
4.75
6.32
4.63
4.51
4.88
4.51
5.00
4.39
5.00
5.24
4.63
4.03
4.27
5.36
4.51
5.12
3.91
3.79
66
Chapter (5)
Conclusion
66
1) Two Local magnitude formulas are achieved from the present study as
the following:
MLV (ISN) = log(A)+1.028*log(R)+0.00122*R -1.86 + S
MLH (ISN)= log(A)+0.891*log(R)+0.00143*R -1.607 + S
Where MLV and MLH are the local magnitude value of the seismic event
based on reading amplitude on vertical and horizontal component
respectively, (A) is the maximum amplitude read on synthetic WoodAnderson trace in nanometer ,( R ) is the distance in kilometer between
epicenter and recording station, and (S) is the station correction ( one value
for each station and each formula) .
2) Standard deviation (SD) of single station magnitude about event
magnitude is calculated (to the dataset used in the study) four times and the
values were:
A) 0.143 and 0.155 by use of MLV and MLH (current study) with adding
station corrections.
B) 0.167 and 0.233 by use MLH (of the current study) and ML of Hutton
and Boor (1987) respectively, without adding station corrections.
3) Simple linear regression is applied to derive six mathematical
relationship between MLV , MLH ( of the current study) and every one
of following three scales: mb(USGS),mb(IDC) and MS(IDC) ; and it is
found
that
MLV(current
study)_MS(IDC)
and
MLH(current
study)_mb(IDC) give the smallest SD which are 0.244 and 0.254
respectively.
4) Slope and level of the two attenuation curves ( taken from the two
derived formulas MLV and MLH) , are located between the attenuation
curve of Norway which represents an intraplate stable tectonic environment ,
and the attenuation curve of southern California which represents an active
tectonic environment. And that gives a numerical evidence that the tectonic
environment of the studded area (Iraq country) is a mid between the active
and the stable.
5) The increment of MLH over MLV is 0.289 as an average for each event
in the dataset used, and that can be explained by the soil cover amplification
to the shear wave. That is in accordance with what Havskov and Ottemoller ,
(2010) cited: (On soil, horizontal amplitudes are significantly higher than
vertical amplitudes due to soil amplification).
67
6) The Comparison, between ML calculated according to the present study

and ML reported by ISK (Turky), THE (Iran) and ML calculated according
to Ambrasseys ,1990 relationship to calculate ML from mb for the same
events , shows that MLH calculated according to the present study is closer
to that of the other agencies ; and MLV values are significantly less than
MLH (present study) , ML(THE) and ML(ISK) and that because, almost all
ML scales are derived by use of horizontal component and they are applied
on the horizontal component.
The result of that comparison is:
Using MLH give results closer to that of ISK , TEH and Ambrasseys (1990)
relationship to calculate ML from mb, therefore it is recommended to use
MLH scale as formal scale to calculate local magnitude to the seismic events
recorded at Iraqi seismological network(ISN) .
68
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Appendix (1)
Appendix (1)
Equation (2-12) will be better understood if we apply it on some real records.
MLref + log( Aij ) = a * log(
Rij
Rref
Ne
Ns
k =1
l =1
) - b * ( Rij - Rref ) + d ik * MLk - d lj * Sl -----------------(2-12)
For MLV calculation (ML scale depended on vertical component readings) dataset
used in our study contains 305 records for 78 earthquakes( see appendix(6)) and
every single earthquake is recorded in some of ISN stations; so 305 equation in the
form of equation (2-12) will be available for linear least square fitting , plus one
last single equation for the station correction.
For Appendix(6)/table(1)/Record ID(4) [ row 4 of table(1) in appendix(6)]
Amplitude is 1231.5 nm
Distance is 124 Km
Station is IBDR
(Suppose j=1 for MSL ,j= 2 for IBDR, j= 3 for RTB,j=4 for NSR and j=5 for
IKRK).
Symbol or term in eq 5
i
k
j
Ns
Ne
Aij
Rij
Ne
d
k =1
78
ik
* MLk = d 2 k * MLk
k =1
Possible
valuse
1,2,3,---,78
1,2,3,---,78
1,2,3,4,5
5
78
Value for record 4

2
1,2,3,---------,78
2
5
78
1231.5
124
(d 21 ) ML1 + (d 22 ) ML2 + (d 23 ) ML3 + +(d 278 ) ML78
= (0) ML1 + (1) ML2 + (0) ML3 + +(0) ML78
Ns
d
l =1
lj
* Sl = d l 2 * Sl
- (0)*S1 - (1)*S2 - (0)*S3 - (0)*S4 - (0)*S5
l =1
Equation extracted from record 4 similar to eq (2-12) is:

3+log(1231.5*2080/1000000)=-a*log(124/100)-b*(124-100)
+(0)*ML1+(1)*ML2+(0)*ML3+(0)*ML4+ + +(0)ML78 -(0)*S1 -(1)*S2 -(0)*S3 (0)*S4 -(0)*S5
Remark
According to Hutton and Boor ,1987 model , amplitude must be in nanometer
unite [( 10-9 )meter] and must be multiplied by 2080; the amplitude values in
appendix (4) are calculated according to the above mentioned model . And
according to Hutton and Boor (1987), amplitude in equation(2-12) must be in
millimeter in accordance with Richter(1935) original definition, therefore to apply
equation(2-12), amplitude values taken from appendix(4) must be multiplied by
(2080/1000000) (Havskov and Ottemoller, 2010). ( Ottemoller et al, 2011).
Appendix (2)
Appendix (2)
period(Sec)
frequency(Hz)
STS 2
seismometer(volt/meter
)

/second)
High resolution table of displacement magnification, velocity magnification,

synthetic Wood Anderson amplitude in millimeter and synthetic Wood Anderson
amplitude in nanometer of digital recording system used in Iraqi seismological
network. The system consists of Strakisen STS-2 seismometer and Q330 digitizer.
Displacement and velocity magnification are obtained by use equation (3-1) and
(3-2) , magnification constants are taken from Kinametric documents (Streckeisen
STS-2 very-broad-band triaxial seismometer) and (Q330 Response Description
Guidelines for SEED Data). The details of calculation illustrated in (chapter 3) of
the present study.
count
System gain
mm
5
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3
2.9
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
1884.95
1923.42
1963.49
2005.27
2048.86
2094.39
2141.99
2191.81
2243.99
2298.73
2356.19
2416.61
2480.20
2547.24
2617.99
2692.79
2771.99
2855.99
2945.24
3040.25
3141.59
3249.92
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
0.0000669
0.0000682
0.0000696
0.000071
0.0000726
0.0000741
0.0000758
0.0000775
0.0000793
0.0000812
0.0000832
0.0000853
0.0000875
0.0000898
0.0000922
0.0000947
0.0000974
0.0001002
0.0001032
0.0001064
0.0001098
0.0001134
0.03214
0.03279
0.03346
0.03416
0.03489
0.03565
0.03644
0.03727
0.03814
0.03905
0.04
0.041
0.04205
0.04315
0.04431
0.04553
0.04683
0.04819
0.04964
0.05117
0.0528
0.05452
period(Sec)
frequency(Hz)
STS 2
)

/second)
count
System gain
mm
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.59
0.63
0.67
0.71
0.77
0.83
0.91
1.00
1.11
1.25
1.43
1.67
2.00
2.50
3.33
5.00
10.00
3365.99
3490.66
3624.91
3769.91
3926.99
4097.73
4283.99
4487.99
4712.39
4960.41
5235.99
5543.99
5890.49
6283.19
6731.98
7249.83
7853.98
8567.98
9424.78
10471.98
11780.97
13463.97
15707.96
18849.56
23561.94
31415.93
47123.89
94247.78
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
1500.00
0.0001172
0.0001213
0.0001257
0.0001304
0.0001354
0.0001407
0.0001465
0.0001527
0.0001594
0.0001667
0.0001745
0.0001829
0.0001919
0.0002016
0.0002118
0.0002225
0.0002333
0.0002439
0.0002533
0.0002603
0.0002631
0.0002595
0.0002472
0.0002247
0.0001919
0.0001506
0.0001032
0.0000524
0.05636
0.05833
0.06043
0.06267
0.06508
0.06766
0.07044
0.07343
0.07666
0.08013
0.08389
0.08793
0.09228
0.09692
0.10184
0.10697
0.11218
0.11724
0.12176
0.12513
0.12649
0.12475
0.11883
0.10801
0.09228
0.07241
0.04964
0.02518
According to Hutton and Boor, 1987 model, synthetic Wood-Anderson amplitude

must be in nanometer unit and must be divided by 2080 therefore the following
relationship must be applied:
Synthetic W-A amplitude in according to Hutton and Boor, 1987 model (sixth
column) = Synthetic W-A amplitude in millimeter (fifth column) * 1000000/2080
For example: the last row in appendix (2):
0.0000524*1000000/2080= 0.02518
Appendix (3)
Appendix (3)/ Table (1)

ML according to Hutton, 1987 formula is
ML=logA+1.11*log (slant) +0.00189*slant - 2.09
Where:
( A) is the maximum amplitude read on Wood Anderson trace in nanometer.
Slant=[distance(km)^2 + depth(km)^2]^0.5
For record (1) of table (1) of appendix (3):
ML seisan=log (311.1) +1.11*log (758.44)+0.00189*(758.44) - 2.09=5.033
Before calculating ML raw, synthetic Wood Anderson amplitude from raw data must be
calculated. The calculation will be according to eq(3-5) and by use of appendix(2).
The ratio: Wood Anderson gain/ ISN gain if the period is 1.3 second and amplitude in
nanometer, is: 0.10697
Synthetic Wood Anderson amplitude from raw data is:
3332.4*0.10697=356.47 nanometer
And ML raw will be 5.092
RTB
NSR
IBDR
RTB
IBDR
IKRK
RTB
IBDR
IKRK
RTB
IKRK
RTB
IKRK
MSL
RTB
NSR
IKRK
BHD
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
NSR
IBDR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
NSR
3332.4
19608.6
25891
1503.6
11480.9
4935.9
13281.4
148000
37505.7
710.5
7989.3
1359.4
13316.2
6493000
424000
362000
1399000
8202000
492000
180000
261000
623000
25385.5
7189.6
1380.7
2944
7312.7
29438.9
8548.5
1893.5
1.3
0.9
1.3
1.4
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.3
0.9
0.4
0.8
0.7
3.1
2.3
2.9
1.9
3.8
1.9
3.3
3.7
3.6
1.2
3.7
1.9
2.1
1
1.3
3.5
1.9
0.0002225
0.00026027
0.0002225
0.00021183
0.00019193
0.00024717
0.00026027
0.00023334
0.0002225
0.00026027
0.00019193
0.00026309
0.00025948
0.00010643
0.00014073
0.00011341
0.00016668
0.00008746
0.00016668
0.00010024
0.00008975
0.00009217
0.00023334
0.00008975
0.00016668
0.00015273
0.00025326
0.0002225
0.00009471
0.00016668
0.741446
5.103537
5.760644
0.3185
2.203566
1.220026
3.456755
34.53393
8.344869
0.184922
1.533412
0.357643
3.455261
691.065
59.67045
41.05426
233.1853
717.314
82.00656
18.04326
23.42491
57.41959
5.923385
0.645271
0.230135
0.449651
1.852036
6.550038
0.80965
0.315609
756.7222
51 758.4389 356.4707
273.686
51 278.3972
2453.62
236.6286
51 242.0622
2769.59
646.7322
10 646.8095 153.1286
124.5068
10 124.9078 1059.389
351.1274
10 351.2697 586.5415
745.6556
10 745.7227 1661.899
226.1133
10 226.3343 16603.04
479.8879
10 479.9921 4012.028
596.5875 34.6
597.59 88.90473
252.316 34.6 254.6773
737.205
498.2053
5 498.2304 171.9445
220.2351
5 220.2918 1661.196
265.8743
10 266.0623 332235.6
698.577
10 698.6486 28687.27
899.2653
10 899.3209
19737.7
384.9691
10 385.099 112108.3
606.16
10 606.2425 344878.3
249.2656
10 249.4661 39426.23
677.9895
10 678.0633 8674.615
661.5212
10 661.5968
11261.9
373.7322
10 373.866 27606.69
255.5112
2 255.5191 2847.814
693.437
2 693.4399 310.2243
883.5834
2 883.5857 110.6419
653.9981
2 654.0011 216.1717
370.1358
2 370.1412 890.3915
257.6354
5 257.6839 3149.113
697.123
5 697.141 389.2444
882.9789
5 882.9931 151.7349
311.1
2149.2
2341.5
151.8
1231.5
486.3
1390.2
16251.7
3104.7
84.5
893.4
148
1491.4
250000
21640.4
21011.3
107000
279000
33067.5
7934.5
10083.6
24642.5
2588.9
292
95.7
226.3
677.9
3052.3
362.5
146.8
5.03306
4.48203
4.38315
4.43370
3.56372
4.08647
5.65105
5.16244
5.28537
4.04811
4.01304
4.01606
4.10067
6.50253
6.72284
7.21101
6.53721
7.59014
5.56158
6.23377
6.29489
5.86401
4.47829
4.83950
4.83122
4.62604
4.29162
4.55796
4.94299
5.01560
5.09219
4.53956
4.45607
4.43749
3.49835
4.16786
5.72858
5.17173
5.39672
4.07018
3.92958
4.08119
4.14750
6.62604
6.84526
7.18386
6.55746
7.68220
5.63796
6.27250
6.34289
5.91334
4.51968
4.86580
4.89423
4.60615
4.41004
4.57152
4.97390
5.02995
-0.05912
-0.05753
-0.07292
-0.00378
0.06538
-0.08139
-0.07753
-0.00929
-0.11134
-0.02207
0.08346
-0.06513
-0.04683
-0.12351
-0.12242
0.02716
-0.02025
-0.09206
-0.07638
-0.03873
-0.04800
-0.04933
-0.04140
-0.02629
-0.06301
0.01989
-0.11842
-0.01356
-0.03091
-0.01436
Serial number
ML seisan-ML raw
ML raw
ML seisan
amplitude read on
synthetic WA
trace(nm)
calculated
amplitude from raw
data(nm)
stant(km)
depth(km)
distance(km)
amp(mm)
gain WA/gain ISN
period(second) raw
data
Zero-peak
amp(count) raw data
STATION
Appendix (3)/Table (1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

MS calculation according to formula:
MS=log10 [velocity amplitude/ (2*pi)] +1.66*log(delta)+0.3
Where:
Velocity amplitude is the maximum amplitude read either on velocity trace or on raw trace after
making the correction according to eq(3-3)b.
pi=3.1416
Delta= distance in kilometer/111.2
Calculation for record (1) in table (2) of appendix (3)
MS seisan= log (5798.9/6.2832)+1.66*log(6.81)+0.3=4.648
To calculate MS raw we have to calculate velocity amplitude from raw data.
According to eq (3-3)b
Velocity amplitude= [3599.6/ (1500*419430)]*10^9=5721.4 nanometer/second
MS raw=log (5721.4/6.2832) +1.66*log (6.81) +0.3= 4.642
ev id
1 RTB
1 NSR
1 IBDR
3 RTB
3 IKRK
4 RTB
5 RTB
6 MSL
6 RTB
6 NSR
6 IKRK
7 BHD
7 RTB
7 IBDR
7 IKRK
8 MSL
8 RTB
8 NSR
8 IBDR
8 IKRK
9 MSL
9 RTB
9 NSR
9 IBDR
9 IKRK
10 RTB
10 NSR
10 IBDR
10 IKRK
11 MSL
velocity trace
6.81
5798.9 2.49 4.64770
2.46
33384.8 3.48 4.67471
2.13
45019.7 1.81 4.69967
6.71
12919.8 3.22 4.98499
4.32
82292.3 2.83 5.47137
5.37
1644.8 2.29 3.92905
4.48
1814.1
4.8 3.84168
2.39 16000000 6.87 7.33440
6.28
5965000 6.65 7.60232
8.09
2687000 5.78 7.43804
3.46 11400000 5.67 7.45403
5.45 12900000 3.83 7.83500
6.10
288000 3.68 6.26454
5.95
417000
3.7 6.40756
3.36
970000 3.29 6.36254
2.30
40975 1.24 4.71414
6.24
11486.7 3.69 4.88159
7.95
1838.6 3.87 4.26058
5.88
4736.6 2.21 4.45464
3.33
16841 2.83 4.59517
2.32
46145 1.25 4.77171
6.27
13343.4 4.35 4.95048
7.94
2687.5 9.05 4.42494
5.87
7653.7 3.54 4.66197
3.33
20342.8 2.87 4.67718
6.12
14791.2
3.3 4.97838
8.08
9523.6 8.71 4.98652
6.03
21720
4.1 5.13421
3.44
59736.9 1.93 5.16839
2.32
10042.5 0.84 4.11058
3599.6
20495.4
27988.8
7963.8
51822.9
1018.9
1128.1
9927000
3817000
1716000
7307000
8149000
182000
258000
614000
25773.1
7176.7
1159.2
3031
10550.1
29227.8
8455.7
1544.8
4833.5
12680.2
9311.6
5790.4
13656.7
36954.1
6212.1
raw data trace

2.5
1500
5721.4
3.6
1500
32576.6
1.8
1500
44487.0
3.3
1500
12658.1
2.9
1500
82370.4
2.3
1500
1619.5
4.9
1500
1793.1
7.4
1500 15778556.6
6.7
1500 6066963.9
5.8
1500
2727511.1
5.6
1500 11614174.8
4
1500 12952499.0
3.7
1500
289281.5
3.7
1500
410080.3
3.6
1500
975927.6
1.2
1500
40965.3
3.7
1500
11407.1
4.6
1500
1842.5
2.1
1500
4817.6
2.9
1500
16768.9
1.2
1500
46456.4
4.4
1500
13440.0
8
1500
2455.4
3.5
1500
7682.6
2.8
1500
20154.7
3.5
1500
14800.4
8
1500
9203.6
4.2
1500
21706.8
1.9
1500
58737.0
0.8
1500
9873.9
4.64186
4.66406
4.69450
4.97610
5.47178
3.92232
3.83661
7.32835
7.60969
7.44454
7.46211
7.83677
6.26647
6.40029
6.36519
4.71404
4.87856
4.26150
4.46201
4.59330
4.77463
4.95361
4.38572
4.66361
4.67314
4.97865
4.97168
5.13394
5.16106
4.10322
12
0.00584
0.01064
0.00517
0.00889
-0.00041
0.00673
0.00506
0.00605
-0.00736
-0.00650
-0.00808
-0.00176
-0.00193
0.00727
-0.00265
0.00010
0.00302
-0.00092
-0.00737
0.00186
-0.00292
-0.00313
0.03923
-0.00164
0.00404
-0.00027
0.01484
0.00026
0.00733
0.00735
13
Serial number
11
MS seisan - MS raw
10
MS from raw data

after correction
vel amp(nm/s) raw
vel gain(v/m/s)
period(Sec) read on
raw data
amplitude read on raw

data(count)
period(sec) read on
velocity trace
MS from readings on
velocity trace
amplitude(nm/sec)
read on velocity tracs
delta
STATION
ev id
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Appendix (4)
field(1)
field(2)
amplitude(nm)
distance(km)
2341.6
242.4
2149.2
269.9
309.1
759.7
7353.4
242.4
4583.7
242.4
5797.5
269.9
8293.2
269.9
651.1
759.7
1231.5
124.4
486.3
351.1
152.6
648.1
4060
124.4
8388.3
124.4
812.3
351.1
991.3
351.1
252.8
648.1
340.2
648.1
16251.7
226.2
3104.7
480.1
1390.2
747.1
30312.2
226.2
8010.6
480.1
7192.5
480.1
2763.9
747.1
3029.3
747.1
893.4
253
84.5
605
1041.1
253
1308.8
253
196.4
538
126.7
538
311.2
605
256.1
605
1491.4
220.1
148
496
2427
220.1
2252
220.1
204.7
496
171.5
496
198.4
512
207.9
512
33141.2
260.2
24905
372.1
10081.9
660.1
7935
676.1
2356
888.1
50268.7
260.2
48311.4
260.2
45180.7
372.1
46719.4
372.1
15343
660.1
10902.5
676.1
8291.4
888.1
6377.4
888.1
2588.9
266
677.9
369
226.3
653
field(3)
station
IBDR
NSR
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
RTB
IBDR
IKRK
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IBDR
IKRK
RTB
IBDR
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IKRK
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
IKRK
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
NSR
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
field(4)
field(5)
componant ev id
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
N
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
N
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
field(6)
Record id
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
292
95.7
3503.6
3867.4
1880.2
1786.6
247.6
385.4
341.2
437
3052.3
1202.7
219.1
362.5
146.8
4614.2
2178.3
1889.2
2099.4
528.7
397.4
441.4
431.8
2146.4
562.5
395.2
279.5
4296.2
4711.5
991.5
875.4
894.5
675
667.2
488.9
82.9
93.3
1322.5
2462.3
995.2
1104.4
156.3
83.6
186.7
197.2
15283.4
13749
2465.9
2900.3
807.1
18261.7
20636.7
21116.1
26812.3
3692.7
4270
3531.8
3565.2
691
882
266
266
369
369
653
653
691
691
268
368
652
695
882
268
268
368
368
652
652
695
695
381.3
669.2
679.2
897.1
381.3
381.3
669.2
669.2
679.2
679.2
269
382
670
682
269
269
382
382
670
670
682
682
286.2
388.1
670.1
711.1
901.1
286.2
286.2
388.1
388.1
670.1
670.1
711.1
711.1
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
N
E
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
2370.1
2028.5
968.4
1128.1
147.2
153.3
68.5
2036.9
2055.1
1486
1184.8
414
351.4
242.3
254.9
620.3
588.7
117
2528.1
1759.1
1007.7
1115.7
208
117.3
50673.2
16796.4
3141.7
2434.2
1006.8
72000
24000
31424.6
36981.8
5795.3
7250.3
4219.9
6707.2
3566.5
2590.8
1075.3
1521.8
301.5
88.2
96.6
2045.2
2909.3
4610.4
4627.1
634.1
609.6
351.8
248.3
188.1
170.9
7345.6
5717
676.6
780.4
901.1
901.1
266.1
379.1
667
681
895
266.1
266.1
379.1
379.1
667
667
681
681
261
374.7
662.4
261
261
374.7
374.7
662.4
662.4
125.4
203.2
490.1
569.1
718.1
125.4
125.4
203.2
203.2
490.1
490.1
569.1
569.1
718.1
718.1
296.8
314.5
534.6
683.1
815.7
296.8
296.8
314.5
314.5
534.6
534.6
683.1
683.1
815.7
815.7
118
203
491
562
NSR
NSR
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
NSR
NSR
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
32233.6
24098.3
11853.6
9733.8
1216
1488.2
2256.8
1699.4
6273.6
4064
1119.4
539.4
9305.9
9334.5
12334.6
12594
2705.1
1997.9
1724.9
1773
1361.3
1658.6
1050.7
532.2
122.8
174.9
2056.5
1206.9
1175.7
1249.9
234
235.3
224.2
211.1
980.9
726.2
233.3
257.1
1906.7
1683
1183.3
993.9
286.5
236.5
415.9
514.2
7686
3567.3
1065.7
828.8
13285.5
12916.5
8278.1
9282.5
1962.8
1659.4
2039.6
1787.6
118
118
203
203
491
491
562
562
267.1
382
679
899
267.1
267.1
382
382
671
671
679
679
899
899
259.7
372.5
660.3
673.3
259.7
259.7
372.5
372.5
660.3
660.3
673.3
673.3
256.1
375.1
664
666
256.1
256.1
375.1
375.1
664
664
666
666
272.2
385.1
685.1
901.1
272.2
272.2
385.1
385.1
673.1
673.1
685.1
685.1
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
NSR
NSR
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
E
N
N
E
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
E
N
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
1147.8
934
779.4
525.3
251.3
134.4
1325.7
950.1
1015
1007.9
449.6
590.2
186.2
203.8
2463.3
1612.4
306.7
391.7
197.5
5395.8
3811.8
3211
3451
923.2
714.3
835.7
535.1
398.1
330.9
743.6
238.5
340.2
165.4
1558.9
2266.7
333
382.2
516.1
665.9
1366.8
768.6
280.4
203.1
4344.7
6971.1
971.3
1846
691.7
678.9
301.4
342.5
4520.7
2369.9
600.4
564.1
364.6
9403.6
11561.7
901.1
901.1
344.1
483.1
690.1
776.1
344.1
344.1
483.1
483.1
690.1
690.1
776.1
776.1
291
384
663
721
894
291
291
384
384
663
663
721
721
894
894
368
655
677
884
368
368
655
655
677
677
108
189
257
480
108
108
189
189
257
257
480
480
248
355
642
671
870
248
248
NSR
NSR
MSL
IKRK
RTB
IBDR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
IKRK
IBDR
MSL
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
4337.8
5257.7
935.9
1091.8
998.8
1355.4
681.5
944.4
798.6
700.9
214.1
86.8
1255.1
1829.2
1159.4
1940.4
249.9
212.2
1949.3
1462.6
390.5
148.9
5599.9
7834.8
2249
2655.6
515.2
695
319.1
322.2
1035.8
865.8
173.6
206
158.8
2012.6
2695.7
1469.3
1554.2
273.1
271.6
404.3
323.7
161.6
198
920.3
937.4
229.3
266
99.6
1289.1
1221.5
1344.7
2458.6
508.4
433.8
453.1
406.9
355
355
642
642
671
671
870
870
284
373
717
882
284
284
373
373
717
717
240.1
351
660
867
240.1
240.1
351
351
660
660
867
867
284
384
666
709
896
284
284
384
384
666
666
709
709
896
896
298
396
677
723
908
298
298
396
396
677
677
723
723
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
NSR
NSR
MSL
IKRK
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
NSR
NSR
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
NSR
NSR
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
N
E
N
E
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
E
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
18633
1720
537.6
879.2
5693.7
43345.3
35583.7
6922.5
4263.4
1268.1
1374
3752.6
2547.1
44717.3
3609.7
886.9
19000
5000
1231
898.7
1204.5
1550.2
231.9
172.4
4465
4621.2
3457.5
4987.3
450.5
486.3
230.2
237.2
1836.6
20.9
521.7
5347.7
4284.6
8922.3
6316.4
130.5
464.9
485.2
495.9
476.9
106.2
87.8
1305.7
1077.4
1059.8
874.9
174.6
173.6
150.3
141.9
10941.8
8514.7
2700
608.4
124
189
405
553
638
124
124
189
189
553
553
638
638
47.3
273
415
47.3
47.3
415
415
111
191
392
626
111
111
191
191
392
392
626
626
124.8
554.8
628.7
124.8
124.8
177.7
177.7
407.2
628.7
628.7
290
392
675
713
290
290
392
392
675
675
713
713
123.7
188.4
403.1
550.8
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IBDR
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
MSL
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
35
35
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
2027.3
36890.1
35272.8
32406.7
22354.3
3111.9
5213
1848.1
1505.6
2891.1
2801.7
1632.2
3166.3
255.3
62.2
130.1
1915.4
2666.4
5192.9
5214.4
362.5
372.5
119.5
119.2
254.7
179.9
3044.8
1620.2
103.4
259.9
4737.7
5932.7
3329.7
5242.4
172.9
208.1
189.5
490.9
405.9
9499.8
2962.8
953.8
2383.2
21767.3
14455.4
4904.8
5038.3
2176.3
1906.4
3534.2
3783.2
9342.7
3016.9
993.6
2382.4
22012.6
20485.5
5262.2
632.7
123.7
123.7
188.4
188.4
403.1
403.1
550.8
550.8
632.7
632.7
132
181
414
562
642
132
132
181
181
414
414
562
562
642
642
125.4
165.3
560.1
627.1
125.4
125.4
165.3
165.3
413.1
560.1
560.1
627.1
627.1
186.2
409.4
557.1
637.9
186.2
186.2
409.4
409.4
557.1
557.1
637.9
637.9
182.1
408.5
556.4
635.3
182.1
182.1
408.5
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
IBDR
NSR
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
NSR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
NSR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
NSR
NSR
IKRK
Z
E
N
E
N
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
5095
2186.1
1961.2
3567.5
3782.9
4223.7
2458.4
1142.2
1647
19547.1
16280.7
4728.5
6505.9
2260.7
2282.2
4466.1
4195.5
2812
253.2
57.9
4421.6
5793.6
304.4
370.3
93
86.1
4940.4
956
252.2
24086.4
15313
2313
1893.4
447
457.1
7343.5
497.9
122.1
11853.4
16321
949.6
873.9
430.2
273.4
1473.6
438.2
7845.9
3960.1
930.4
722.3
197.5
194.2
1392.3
269.9
97.9
5109.4
5556.6
595
408.5
556.4
556.4
635.3
635.3
197.3
397.6
544.9
631.6
197.3
197.3
397.6
397.6
544.9
544.9
631.6
631.6
170
411
558
170
170
411
411
558
558
187.6
406.7
555.5
187.6
187.6
406.7
406.7
555.5
555.5
186.6
409.7
557.5
186.6
186.6
409.7
409.7
557.5
557.5
176
405
176
176
405
405
553
553
176.6
413.4
560.8
176.6
176.6
413.4
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
NSR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
NSR
IKRK
MSL
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
NSR
IKRK
MSL
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
NSR
IKRK
MSL
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
NSR
IKRK
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
NSR
IKRK
MSL
NSR
NSR
IKRK
E
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
39
39
39
39
39
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
45
45
45
45
45
45
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
667.9
200.8
213.2
1517.4
484.2
335.4
4710.1
4645.1
951
958.8
474.4
513
837.9
1551.8
149.6
45.8
127.8
2195.1
3313.4
367.9
322.3
109
112.8
229.7
230.7
8019.4
2975.3
953.6
416.1
794.3
15630.8
17458
3300.4
6629.2
2452.6
3043.4
1137.5
1087.3
1317
1424.1
3047.6
1344.9
515.2
111.4
320
5669
8834.3
4929.7
4275.9
955.4
1124.8
257.6
318
486.3
379.4
11340.7
9624.3
1778.9
413.4
560.8
560.8
176
416
639
176
176
416
416
639
639
113
194
393
542
629
113
113
393
393
542
542
629
629
110.7
177.1
393.8
541.3
611.2
110.7
110.7
177.1
177.1
393.8
393.8
541.3
541.3
611.2
611.2
150.9
179.5
430.1
577.3
649
150.9
150.9
179.5
179.5
430.1
430.1
577.3
577.3
649
649
237.2
429.1
579.1
IKRK
MSL
MSL
NSR
IKRK
RTB
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
NSR
IKRK
MSL
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
50
50
50
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
4385.7
78640.4
83658.1
32124.4
27158.8
18273.5
12795.7
4063.4
3749
5150.4
5130.8
71471.3
4556.8
4790.8
404.5
1739.6
17000
17000
5718.3
4542.1
6039.8
6922.6
763.3
746.2
3666.1
1268.2
829.2
241.8
79
252.3
2928.7
2063.8
1983
1996.2
296.9
326.1
280.7
320.2
468.8
395.6
24000
30395.7
6561.5
5904.5
2343.9
91000
31000
5000
60887.6
10142.8
8100.7
7888
7643.9
7415
9678.9
3344.6
1157.1
384.4
695.1
172.3
172.3
237.2
237.2
429.1
429.1
579.1
579.1
695.1
695.1
75.4
190.9
257.6
414.2
470
75.4
75.4
190.9
190.9
257.6
257.6
414.2
414.2
470
458.2
594.2
873.1
1022.1
1060.1
458.2
458.2
594.2
594.2
873.1
873.1
1022.1
1022.1
1060.1
1060.1
130.1
277.1
508
568
783
130.1
130.1
277.1
277.1
508
508
568
568
783
783
137
281
521
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
IKRK
MSL
IBDR
RTB
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
NSR
NSR
IBDR
IKRK
MSL
RTB
NSR
NSR
IBDR
IBDR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
RTB
IBDR
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
MSL
IKRK
RTB
Z
N
E
E
N
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
N
E
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
54
54
54
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
202.2
6998.8
10753.5
2440.6
2885.3
689.7
1099.4
337.3
362.8
327.8
305
3360.5
3426.4
435.5
527.5
282.7
5045.2
4010.2
3278.8
4521.8
768.4
563.4
632.4
1159.2
471.6
462.6
1162.6
834.9
188.4
219.6
364
3265.2
4407.3
1416.4
1625.5
635.9
510
125.9
152.5
382.9
64.4
776.4
687.7
93
111
546.7
86.7
92.1
996.9
820.8
120.9
159.9
142.9
142.4
24228.4
15336.6
2709.5
3732.5
574
137
137
281
281
521
521
574
574
790
790
263.1
363.1
646
691
876
263.1
263.1
363.1
363.1
646
646
691
691
876
876
220.1
303.1
413
443
689
220.1
220.1
303.1
303.1
443
443
689
689
372.6
682.4
372.6
372.6
682.4
682.4
365
652
678
365
365
652
652
678
678
138.9
261.5
554.2
562.2
IBDR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
NSR
NSR
IBDR
IKRK
NSR
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
IKRK
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
N
E
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
57
57
57
57
57
57
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
59
59
59
59
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
1038.1
56880.6
70154.2
45243.5
48818.6
5357.2
3593
6563.5
14330.2
2139.1
3003.2
86987
59059.3
31972
7985.6
22570
52000
78000
37000
74706.9
72235.3
49997.7
37187.6
26160.4
38783.7
49801.4
23355.9
5457.2
8824.2
29000
68000
85665
31641
28286
12454.7
9255.8
10698
15483.1
797.2
1355.1
389.8
2073.4
1730.1
1804.4
2628.9
595.2
581.3
710
647.8
348
2880.2
2728.9
1190.5
1660.8
797.6
712.7
416
179.7
778.2
138.9
138.9
261.5
261.5
554.2
554.2
562.2
562.2
778.2
778.2
392.1
400.1
584.1
812.1
833.1
392.1
392.1
400.1
400.1
584.1
584.1
833.1
833.1
395.3
395.3
596.2
825.1
831.1
395.3
395.3
395.3
596.2
596.2
825.1
825.1
831.1
831.1
418.1
419.1
617.1
418.1
418.1
419.1
419.1
617.1
617.1
377
385
572
377
377
385
385
572
572
393
395
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
NSR
NSR
IKRK
MSL
IBDR
NSR
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
NSR
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
IKRK
MSL
IBDR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
IKRK
MSL
Z
E
N
E
N
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
64
64
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
641.2
424.3
401.3
323.9
131.6
203.4
344.5
243
123.2
966.8
998.6
566.2
459.1
261.8
212.3
2809.2
2146
957.8
555.4
400.1
6729.1
7225.8
5002.9
6386.7
1649.9
2265.5
862.6
500.6
773.6
953.8
914.6
762.7
314.6
1819.4
1622.2
1150.9
1348.2
540.1
499.1
4321
3964.6
1322.4
204.1
460.8
7478.9
8625
4726.1
4542.1
2527.9
2522.4
711.7
785
910.5
823.8
2055
1744.1
1051.4
400.5
393
393
395
395
592
592
388.1
398.1
578.1
388.1
388.1
398.1
398.1
578.1
578.1
398.4
400.4
597.3
825.2
835.2
398.4
398.4
400.4
400.4
597.3
597.3
825.2
825.2
835.2
835.2
369
371
572
369
369
371
371
572
572
401
405
597
825
840
401
401
405
405
597
597
825
825
840
840
392
394
591
829
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
IKRK
MSL
IBDR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
IKRK
MSL
IBDR
NSR
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
RTB
RTB
IKRK
MSL
IBDR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
IKRK
MSL
IBDR
NSR
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
RTB
RTB
IKRK
MSL
IBDR
RTB
E
N
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
E
N
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
64
64
64
64
64
64
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
69
69
69
69
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
6008.4
5479.6
3261.8
3641.1
2078.7
1845.6
568.7
697
607.9
402.3
1843.1
368.6
160
2336.8
3252.5
824.6
739.3
298.7
240.9
2008.5
1223.8
170.9
229.3
3511.2
3308.4
2649.8
1844.4
283.3
313.5
396
394.3
5756.3
4843.7
404.3
387
64.4
9135.5
5372.4
8920.8
10133.6
658.7
583.4
378.6
571.8
3014.5
5711.1
758.9
409.2
13507
14879.1
5758.8
7132.9
3171.4
2239.1
1135.4
1483.1
1532.3
790.8
392
392
394
394
591
591
820
820
829
829
385
587
821
385
385
587
587
821
821
100.2
198.2
489.1
543.1
100.2
100.2
198.2
198.2
489.1
489.1
543.1
543.1
126
213
501
570
729
126
126
213
213
501
501
570
570
390.1
390.1
592.1
820.1
390.1
390.1
390.1
390.1
592.1
592.1
826.1
826.1
307
369.8
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
RTB
RTB
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
RTB
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
IBDR
IBDR
RTB
RTB
IBDR
NSR
E
N
N
E
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
E
N
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
E
N
Z
Z
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
209.4
145.2
2984.5
3670.4
3960.1
3683.9
1023.7
1064.8
325.4
335.1
275.3
308.8
3569.2
4430.9
1024.7
158.4
12675.6
10629.9
7997
7561.5
1067.3
1662.8
1818.8
321.1
144.9
73.9
484.9
713.8
253.9
255.4
210.7
178.5
5708.3
160.1
96.1
54.6
11503.3
9115.8
310.8
430.8
158.5
153.5
121.3
103.1
660.5
175.6
164
59.8
1492.7
1714.1
268.4
474.2
287.2
287.4
180.7
151.2
657.5
831.4
307
307
369.8
369.8
511.6
511.6
657.5
657.5
831.4
831.4
287.2
342.1
602.1
835.1
287.2
287.2
342.1
342.1
602.1
602.1
85.4
433.1
556.1
571.1
433.1
433.1
556.1
556.1
571.1
571.1
72.8
444
558
581
72.8
72.8
444
444
558
558
581
581
78
448.4
558.1
585
78
78
448.4
448.4
558.1
558.1
585
585
MSL
RTB
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
MSL
MSL
RTB
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IBDR
NSR
MSL
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
IBDR
IBDR
NSR
IKRK
RTB
MSL
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
MSL
MSL
NSR
IKRK
RTB
MSL
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
MSL
MSL
NSR
IKRK
RTB
MSL
NSR
NSR
IKRK
IKRK
RTB
RTB
MSL
MSL
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
N
E
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
E
N
N
E
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
E
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
N
E
E
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
E
N
N
E
E
N
N
E
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
Appendix (6)
Appendix (6)
Table (1): details of calculation according to MLV (ISN).
Output of MAG2 for MLV (ISN) deriving.
Table (2): details of calculation according to MLH (ISN).
Output of MAG2 for MLH (ISN) deriving.
Calculation according to MLV(ISN) or formula(4-3)( as an example)

MLV = log (A) + 1.028log(R) + 0.00122(R) 1.86+ S---------------------------------------------(4-3)
Where: A is Maximum amplitude in nanometer read on synthetic Wood-Anderson trace to the
vertical component. R is hypocenter station distance in kilometer .S is station correction.
Station corrections for the five stations are shown in table (4-3).
Seismic event of ev id=1 (see table (4-2)) is recorded at three stations which are IBDR,NSR and
RTB [see Appendix(4) or see(appendix(6)/table(1)].
For IBDR station, [first row in appendix (6)/table (1)], MLV sta or single station magnitude will
be:
MLV sta(IBDR)=log(2341.6)+1.028*log(242.4)+0.00122*242.4-1.86+0.021=4.28
MLV sta(NSR) is 4.31, MLV sta(RTB)=4.38
Event magnitude (MLV) or MLV eq will be the average of the three values of the (single station
magnitude).Or:
MLV = (4.28+4.31+4.38)/3 =4.32
Appendix (6)/Table(1)
14 50673.2
14 16796.4
14 3141.7
14 2434.2
14 1006.8
15 1075.3
15 1521.8
15
301.5
15
88.2
15
96.6
16 7345.6
16
5717
16
676.6
16
780.4
17 6273.6
17
4064
17 1119.4
17
539.4
18 1050.7
18
532.2
18
122.8
18
174.9
19
980.9
19
726.2
19
233.3
19
257.1
20
7686
20 3567.3
20 1065.7
20
828.8
21
779.4
21
525.3
21
251.3
21
134.4
22 2463.3
22 1612.4
22
306.7
22
391.7
22
197.5
23
743.6
23
238.5
23
340.2
23
165.4
24 1366.8
24
768.6
24
280.4
24
203.1
25 4520.7
25 2369.9
125.4 MSL
203.2 IKRK
490.1 IBDR
569.1 RTB
718.1 NSR
296.8 IBDR
314.5 NSR
534.6 IKRK
683.1 MSL
815.7 RTB
118 MSL
203 IKRK
491 IBDR
562 RTB
267.1 MSL
382 IKRK
679 RTB
899 NSR
259.7 MSL
372.5 IKRK
660.3 IBDR
673.3 RTB
256.1 MSL
375.1 IKRK
664 IBDR
666 RTB
272.2 MSL
385.1 IKRK
685.1 RTB
901.1 NSR
344.1 MSL
483.1 IKRK
690.1 RTB
776.1 IBDR
291 MSL
384 IKRK
663 IBDR
721 RTB
894 NSR
368 IKRK
655 IBDR
677 RTB
884 NSR
108 IKRK
189 IBDR
257 MSL
480 RTB
248 MSL
355 IKRK
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.005
0.021
0.005
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
-0.134
0.005
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
-0.134
0.005
0.144
-0.035
-0.134
0.021
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.005
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.005
-0.035
0.021
0.144
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
5.30
4.95
5.02
4.92
4.96
4.10
4.28
4.04
3.98
3.98
4.42
4.48
4.36
4.41
4.90
4.83
4.79
5.01
4.10
3.93
3.95
3.98
4.06
4.07
4.24
4.13
5.00
4.79
4.78
5.20
4.20
4.17
4.17
4.21
4.56
4.44
4.36
4.42
4.57
4.06
4.23
4.27
4.47
3.46
3.62
3.52
3.66
4.70
4.53
5.03
5.03
5.03
5.03
5.03
4.08
4.08
4.08
4.08
4.08
4.42
4.42
4.42
4.42
4.89
4.89
4.89
4.89
3.99
3.99
3.99
3.99
4.13
4.13
4.13
4.13
4.95
4.95
4.95
4.95
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.47
4.47
4.47
4.47
4.47
4.26
4.26
4.26
4.26
3.57
3.57
3.57
3.57
4.63
4.63
0.27
-0.08
-0.01
-0.11
-0.07
0.02
0.20
-0.04
-0.10
-0.10
0.01
0.06
-0.06
-0.01
0.01
-0.05
-0.09
0.12
0.12
-0.06
-0.03
-0.01
-0.06
-0.06
0.11
0.00
0.06
-0.16
-0.16
0.25
0.02
-0.01
-0.02
0.02
0.10
-0.03
-0.11
-0.05
0.10
-0.20
-0.03
0.02
0.21
-0.11
0.05
-0.05
0.09
0.08
-0.09
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
25
600.4
25
564.1
25
364.6
26
798.6
26
700.9
26
214.1
26
86.8
27 1949.3
27 1462.6
27
390.5
27
148.9
28 1035.8
28
865.8
28
173.6
28
206
28
158.8
29
920.3
29
937.4
29
229.3
29
266
29
99.6
30
18633
30
1720
30
879.2
31 44717.3
31 3609.7
32 1204.5
32 1550.2
32
231.9
32
172.4
33 1836.6
33
20.9
34
476.9
34
106.2
34
87.8
35 10941.8
35 8514.7
35
2700
35
608.4
35 2027.3
36 1632.2
36 3166.3
36
255.3
36
62.2
36
130.1
37 3044.8
37 1620.2
37
103.4
37
259.9
642 IBDR
671 RTB
870 NSR
284 MSL
373 IKRK
717 RTB
882 NSR
240.1 MSL
351 IKRK
660 RTB
867 NSR
284 MSL
384 IKRK
666 IBDR
709 RTB
896 NSR
298 MSL
396 IKRK
677 IBDR
723 RTB
908 NSR
124 IBDR
189 NSR
553 MSL
47.3 IKRK
273 IBDR
111 IBDR
191 NSR
392 IKRK
626 RTB
124.8 IBDR
554.8 MSL
392 IKRK
675 IBDR
713 RTB
123.7 IBDR
188.4 NSR
403.1 IKRK
550.8 MSL
632.7 RTB
132 IBDR
181 NSR
414 IKRK
562 MSL
642 RTB
125.4 IBDR
165.3 NSR
560.1 MSL
627.1 RTB
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
LZ
HZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
LZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
0.021
-0.134
0.005
0.144
-0.035
-0.134
0.005
0.144
-0.035
-0.134
0.005
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.005
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.005
0.021
0.005
0.144
-0.035
0.021
0.021
0.005
-0.035
-0.134
0.021
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.021
0.005
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.021
0.005
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.021
0.005
0.144
-0.134
4.61
4.48
4.79
4.05
4.05
4.15
4.19
4.31
4.31
4.30
4.40
4.17
4.17
4.12
4.12
4.47
4.15
4.23
4.26
4.25
4.29
4.73
3.95
4.72
4.53
4.56
3.48
3.91
3.61
3.88
3.73
3.10
3.93
3.92
3.75
4.50
4.64
4.71
4.56
4.96
3.71
4.19
3.71
3.59
3.79
3.95
3.84
3.81
4.06
4.63
4.63
4.63
4.11
4.11
4.11
4.11
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.21
4.21
4.21
4.21
4.21
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.47
4.47
4.47
4.55
4.55
3.72
3.72
3.72
3.72
3.42
3.42
3.87
3.87
3.87
4.68
4.68
4.68
4.68
4.68
3.80
3.80
3.80
3.80
3.80
3.92
3.92
3.92
3.92
-0.02
-0.15
0.16
-0.05
-0.06
0.04
0.08
-0.01
-0.01
-0.03
0.07
-0.04
-0.04
-0.09
-0.09
0.27
-0.08
-0.01
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.27
-0.52
0.25
-0.01
0.01
-0.24
0.20
-0.10
0.16
0.31
-0.32
0.06
0.05
-0.12
-0.18
-0.03
0.03
-0.12
0.29
-0.08
0.39
-0.09
-0.21
-0.01
0.04
-0.08
-0.11
0.14
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
38 9499.8
38 2962.8
38
953.8
38 2383.2
39 9342.7
39 3016.9
39
993.6
39 2382.4
40 2458.4
40 1142.2
40
1647
41
2812
41
253.2
41
57.9
42 4940.4
42
956
43 7343.5
43
497.9
43
122.1
44 1473.6
44
438.2
45 1392.3
45
269.9
45
97.9
46 1517.4
46
484.2
46
335.4
47
837.9
47 1551.8
47
149.6
47
45.8
47
127.8
48 8019.4
48 2975.3
48
953.6
48
416.1
48
794.3
49 3047.6
49 1344.9
49
515.2
49
111.4
49
320
50 11340.7
50 9624.3
50 1778.9
50 4385.7
51 4556.8
51 4790.8
51
404.5
186.2 NSR
409.4 IKRK
557.1 MSL
637.9 RTB
182.1 NSR
408.5 IKRK
556.4 MSL
635.3 RTB
397.6 IKRK
544.9 MSL
631.6 RTB
170 NSR
411 IKRK
558 MSL
187.6 NSR
406.7 IKRK
186.6 NSR
409.7 IKRK
557.5 MSL
176 NSR
405 IKRK
176.6 NSR
413.4 IKRK
560.8 MSL
176 NSR
416 IKRK
639 RTB
113 IBDR
194 NSR
393 IKRK
542 MSL
629 RTB
110.7 IBDR
177.1 NSR
393.8 IKRK
541.3 MSL
611.2 RTB
150.9 IBDR
179.5 NSR
430.1 IKRK
577.3 MSL
649 RTB
237.2 NSR
429.1 IKRK
579.1 MSL
695.1 RTB
190.9 MSL
257.6 IBDR
414.2 RTB
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
0.005
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.005
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.005
-0.035
0.144
0.005
-0.035
0.005
-0.035
0.144
0.005
-0.035
0.005
-0.035
0.144
0.005
-0.035
-0.134
0.021
0.005
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.021
0.005
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.021
0.005
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.005
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.144
0.021
-0.134
4.68
4.76
4.77
5.04
4.66
4.77
4.78
5.04
4.65
4.82
4.87
4.09
3.70
3.55
4.40
4.26
4.57
3.99
3.87
3.84
3.92
3.81
3.73
3.78
3.85
3.99
4.20
3.33
3.92
3.43
3.42
3.76
4.30
4.15
4.23
4.37
4.52
4.07
3.81
4.05
3.87
4.19
4.93
5.32
5.08
5.42
4.52
4.63
3.81
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.81
4.81
4.81
4.81
4.78
4.78
4.78
3.78
3.78
3.78
4.34
4.34
4.15
4.15
4.15
3.88
3.88
3.78
3.78
3.78
4.01
4.01
4.01
3.57
3.57
3.57
3.57
3.57
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
5.19
5.19
5.19
5.19
4.42
4.42
4.42
-0.13
-0.06
-0.05
0.23
-0.15
-0.04
-0.03
0.23
-0.13
0.04
0.09
0.32
-0.08
-0.23
0.07
-0.07
0.42
-0.16
-0.27
-0.04
0.04
0.04
-0.05
0.01
-0.16
-0.02
0.19
-0.24
0.36
-0.14
-0.15
0.19
-0.02
-0.17
-0.09
0.06
0.20
0.07
-0.19
0.05
-0.12
0.20
-0.26
0.13
-0.11
0.23
0.10
0.22
-0.61
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
51
52
52
52
52
52
53
53
53
53
53
54
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
57
57
58
58
58
59
59
59
59
59
60
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
63
1739.6
470 NSR
1268.2 458.2 NSR
829.2 594.2 IBDR
241.8 873.1 IKRK
79 1022.1 MSL
252.3 1060.1 RTB
24000 130.1 MSL
30395.7 277.1 IKRK
6561.5
508 RTB
5904.5
568 IBDR
2343.9
783 NSR
3344.6
137 MSL
1157.1
281 IKRK
384.4
521 RTB
202.2
574 IBDR
3360.5 263.1 MSL
3426.4 363.1 IKRK
435.5
646 IBDR
527.5
691 RTB
282.7
876 NSR
1162.6 220.1 IBDR
834.9 303.1 IKRK
188.4
413 NSR
219.6
443 MSL
364
689 RTB
382.9 372.6 IKRK
64.4 682.4 RTB
546.7
365 IKRK
86.7
652 IBDR
92.1
678 RTB
24228.4 138.9 MSL
15336.6 261.5 IKRK
2709.5 554.2 IBDR
3732.5 562.2 RTB
1038.1 778.2 NSR
86987 392.1 IKRK
59059.3 400.1 MSL
31972 584.1 IBDR
7985.6 812.1 NSR
22570 833.1 RTB
38783.7 395.3 MSL
49801.4 395.3 IKRK
23355.9 596.2 IBDR
5457.2 825.1 NSR
8824.2 831.1 RTB
797.2 418.1 MSL
1355.1 419.1 IKRK
389.8 617.1 IBDR
710
377 IKRK
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
0.005
0.005
0.021
-0.035
0.144
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
-0.134
0.021
0.005
0.144
-0.035
-0.134
0.021
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.005
0.021
-0.035
0.005
0.144
-0.134
-0.035
-0.134
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.005
-0.035
0.144
0.021
0.005
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
0.021
0.005
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.035
4.71
4.54
4.66
4.58
4.52
4.81
5.00
5.44
5.22
5.46
5.44
4.17
4.03
4.02
4.00
4.62
4.71
4.48
4.49
4.69
3.90
3.95
3.61
3.89
4.33
3.79
3.56
3.92
3.79
3.71
5.04
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.08
6.19
6.22
6.22
6.03
6.38
6.02
5.95
6.11
5.89
5.97
4.39
4.44
4.37
4.06
4.42
4.62
4.62
4.62
4.62
4.62
5.31
5.31
5.31
5.31
5.31
4.06
4.06
4.06
4.06
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.60
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.68
3.68
3.81
3.81
3.81
5.08
5.08
5.08
5.08
5.08
6.21
6.21
6.21
6.21
6.21
5.99
5.99
5.99
5.99
5.99
4.40
4.40
4.40
4.18
0.29
-0.08
0.04
-0.04
-0.10
0.19
-0.31
0.13
-0.08
0.15
0.14
0.11
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
0.02
0.12
-0.12
-0.11
0.09
-0.03
0.01
-0.32
-0.05
0.39
0.11
-0.12
0.11
-0.02
-0.10
-0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
-0.02
0.01
0.01
-0.18
0.17
0.04
-0.03
0.12
-0.10
-0.02
-0.01
0.05
-0.02
-0.11
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
63
63
64
64
65
65
65
66
66
66
66
66
67
67
67
68
68
68
68
68
69
69
69
69
70
70
70
71
71
71
71
72
72
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
75
75
75
75
76
647.8
348
416
179.7
344.5
243
123.2
2809.2
2146
957.8
555.4
400.1
914.6
762.7
314.6
4321
3964.6
1322.4
204.1
460.8
2055
1744.1
1051.4
400.5
1843.1
368.6
160
2008.5
1223.8
170.9
229.3
5756.3
4843.7
404.3
387
64.4
3014.5
5711.1
758.9
409.2
1532.3
790.8
209.4
145.2
3569.2
4430.9
1024.7
158.4
1818.8
385 MSL
572 IBDR
393 IKRK
395 MSL
388.1 IKRK
398.1 MSL
578.1 IBDR
398.4 IKRK
400.4 MSL
597.3 IBDR
825.2 NSR
835.2 RTB
369 IKRK
371 MSL
572 IBDR
401 IKRK
405 MSL
597 IBDR
825 NSR
840 RTB
392 IKRK
394 MSL
591 IBDR
829 RTB
385 IKRK
587 IBDR
821 RTB
100.2 MSL
198.2 IKRK
489.1 IBDR
543.1 RTB
126 MSL
213 IKRK
501 IBDR
570 RTB
729 NSR
390.1 MSL
390.1 IKRK
592.1 IBDR
820.1 NSR
307 IBDR
369.8 NSR
657.5 MSL
831.4 RTB
287.2 MSL
342.1 IKRK
602.1 IBDR
835.1 NSR
85.4 NSR
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
0.144
0.021
-0.035
0.144
-0.035
0.144
0.021
-0.035
0.144
0.021
0.005
-0.134
-0.035
0.144
0.021
-0.035
0.144
0.021
0.005
-0.134
-0.035
0.144
0.021
-0.134
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
0.021
-0.134
0.005
0.144
-0.035
0.021
0.005
0.021
0.005
0.144
-0.134
0.144
-0.035
0.021
0.005
0.005
4.22
4.24
3.87
3.69
3.78
3.83
3.80
4.71
4.78
4.72
4.89
4.63
4.16
4.26
4.19
4.91
5.06
4.86
4.46
4.70
4.56
4.67
4.75
4.62
4.50
4.29
4.21
3.77
3.80
3.76
3.84
4.36
4.44
4.15
4.12
3.79
4.90
5.00
4.61
4.75
4.28
4.13
4.30
4.18
4.71
4.77
4.76
4.37
3.49
4.18
4.18
3.78
3.78
3.80
3.80
3.80
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.20
4.20
4.20
4.80
4.80
4.80
4.80
4.80
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.33
4.33
4.33
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.66
4.66
4.66
4.66
3.68
0.04
0.06
0.09
-0.09
-0.02
0.03
0.00
-0.04
0.03
-0.02
0.15
-0.12
-0.04
0.06
-0.01
0.11
0.26
0.07
-0.34
-0.10
-0.09
0.03
0.10
-0.03
0.17
-0.04
-0.12
-0.02
0.01
-0.03
0.05
0.19
0.28
-0.01
-0.05
-0.38
0.08
0.18
-0.20
-0.07
0.05
-0.09
0.08
-0.04
0.06
0.12
0.11
-0.29
-0.18
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
321.1
144.9
73.9
5708.3
160.1
96.1
54.6
660.5
175.6
164
59.8
433.1 IKRK
556.1 RTB
571.1 MSL
72.8 NSR
444 IKRK
558 RTB
581 MSL
78 NSR
448.4 IKRK
558.1 RTB
585 MSL
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ
-0.035
-0.134
0.144
0.005
-0.035
-0.134
0.144
0.005
-0.035
-0.134
0.144
3.85
3.67
3.68
3.90
3.57
3.49
3.57
3.01
3.62
3.73
3.62
3.68
3.68
3.68
3.64
3.64
3.64
3.64
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
0.17
-0.01
0.01
0.27
-0.07
-0.15
-0.07
-0.49
0.12
0.23
0.12
MLV inversion output

SVD inversion
Total number of events:
Total number of stations:
Total number of observations:
Reference distance =
Reference amplitude =
Reference magnitude =
Ml = log
a1=
a2=
a3=
b =
c =
78
5
305
100.00000
1.0000000
3.0000000
A + a log(dist/refdist) + b (dist-refdist) + c + S
1.02768 +/- 0.95432
0.00000 +/- 0.00100
0.00001 +/- 0.00100
0.00122 +/- 0.00112
0.31808 +/- 0.00000
Ml = log A + a log(dist) + b (dist) + c + S

a1 = 1.02768 +/- 0.95432
a2 = 0.00000 +/- 0.00100
a3 = 0.00001 +/- 0.00100
b = 0.00122 +/- 0.00112
c1 = -1.85942
c2 = 0.19594
c3 = 0.19593
Station #
1 IBDR
0.021 +/Station #
2 NSR
0.005 +/Station #
3 RTB
-0.134 +/Station #
4 IKRK -0.035 +/Station #
5 MSL
0.144 +/Average site term:
0.00
Event #
1 2010011620234100
Event #
2 2010021116294100
Event #
3 2010022310255400
Event #
4 2010092704260900
Event #
5 2010112210380200
Event #
6 2011102320453700
Event #
7 2011102408282700
Event #
8 2011102408492000
Event #
9 2011102415280800
Event #
10 2011102422133200
Event #
11 2011102514550800
Event #
12 2011102603161900
Event #
13 2011102623422760
Event #
14 2011102708042200
Event #
15 2011102822480400
0.2348
0.2470
0.2410
0.2378
0.2359
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
33.113
31.027
33.029
35.410
36.300
4.32
3.76
5.01
3.69
3.76
5.67
4.24
4.36
4.57
3.85
5.29
4.09
3.93
5.03
4.08
+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/-
45.933
46.244
40.304
44.349
43.100
0.657
0.639
0.653
0.770
0.769
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.597
0.592
0.550
0.549
0.660
0.533
0.551
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
2011110211430300
2011110822055000
2011111218200200
2011111416471700
2011111422081600
2011111702371900
2011111817394000
2011112203303700
2011112907581400
2011113000472300
2011120301305400
2011120422150300
2011120602560100
2011122719185400
2012022823185000
2012030506503400
2012031021410400
2012032512285400
2012040409414000
2012041818430100
2012041820040500
2012041907425200
2012042001211100
2012042001210700
2012042003054700
2012042003313900
2012042015370500
2012042016175000
2012042016325100
2012042017195200
2012042208135200
2012042316425900
2012042323003900
2012042418163900
2012050310093600
2012050501571500
2012060816151200
2012061405525400
2012061523481700
2012062420072150
2012071400550100
2012072016202200
2012072422533900
2012080520372400
2012081112231800
2012081112443900
2012081115212000
2012081115431700
2012081116215300
2012081119524500
2012081122240300
2012081301560800
2012081414022500
2012081517490500
2012081617141200
2012091223293600
2012091302422300
2012110706263300
2012112706223000
2012122306385709
2013011916513800
2013012017123000
2013012118505000
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
4.42
4.89
3.99
4.13
4.95
4.19
4.47
4.26
3.57
4.63
4.11
4.33
4.21
4.24
4.47
4.55
3.72
3.42
3.87
4.68
3.80
3.92
4.82
4.81
4.78
3.78
4.34
4.15
3.88
3.78
4.01
3.57
4.32
4.00
5.19
4.42
4.62
5.31
4.06
4.60
3.94
3.68
3.81
5.08
6.21
5.99
4.40
4.18
3.78
3.80
4.75
4.20
4.80
4.65
4.33
3.79
4.17
4.82
4.23
4.66
3.68
3.64
3.50
+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/-
0.570
0.591
0.591
0.591
0.591
0.595
0.550
0.597
0.563
0.548
0.592
0.589
0.550
0.550
0.640
0.741
0.570
0.758
0.662
0.532
0.533
0.572
0.592
0.591
0.665
0.658
0.775
0.660
0.772
0.659
0.655
0.531
0.529
0.535
0.596
0.594
0.557
0.537
0.578
0.549
0.550
0.776
0.662
0.537
0.554
0.554
0.670
0.668
0.783
0.669
0.554
0.668
0.554
0.595
0.660
0.566
0.533
0.603
0.597
0.597
0.574
0.570
0.572
Appendix(6)/Table(2)
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
4711.5
991.5
875.4
894.5
675
1322.5
2462.3
995.2
1104.4
156.3
83.6
186.7
197.2
18262
20637
21116
26812
3692.7
4270
3531.8
3565.2
2370.1
2028.5
2036.9
2055.1
1486
1184.8
414
351.4
242.3
254.9
2528.1
1759.1
1007.7
1115.7
208
117.3
72000
24000
31425
36982
5795.3
7250.3
4219.9
6707.2
3566.5
2590.8
2045.2
2909.3
4610.4
4627.1
634.1
609.6
381.3 IKRK
669.2 IBDR
669.2 IBDR
679.2 RTB
679.2 RTB
269 MSL
269 MSL
382 IKRK
382 IKRK
670 IBDR
670 IBDR
682 RTB
682 RTB
286.2 MSL
286.2 MSL
388.1 IKRK
388.1 IKRK
670.1 IBDR
670.1 IBDR
711.1 RTB
711.1 RTB
901.1 NSR
901.1 NSR
266.1 MSL
266.1 MSL
379.1 IKRK
379.1 IKRK
667 IBDR
667 IBDR
681 RTB
681 RTB
261 MSL
261 MSL
374.7 IKRK
374.7 IKRK
662.4 IBDR
662.4 IBDR
125.4 MSL
125.4 MSL
203.2 IKRK
203.2 IKRK
490.1 IBDR
490.1 IBDR
569.1 RTB
569.1 RTB
718.1 NSR
718.1 NSR
296.8 IBDR
296.8 IBDR
314.5 NSR
314.5 NSR
534.6 IKRK
534.6 IKRK
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
4.92
4.91
4.85
4.75
4.63
4.21
4.48
4.24
4.29
4.11
3.83
4.08
4.10
5.40
5.45
5.59
5.69
5.48
5.54
5.41
5.42
5.58
5.52
4.39
4.39
4.41
4.31
4.52
4.45
4.19
4.21
4.47
4.31
4.23
4.28
4.21
3.97
5.45
4.97
5.24
5.31
5.30
5.39
5.20
5.40
5.41
5.27
4.37
4.53
4.63
4.63
4.40
4.38
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
5.51
5.51
5.51
5.51
5.51
5.51
5.51
5.51
5.51
5.51
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
0.10
0.09
0.03
-0.07
-0.19
0.04
0.31
0.08
0.12
-0.06
-0.33
-0.09
-0.07
-0.11
-0.06
0.08
0.18
-0.03
0.03
-0.10
-0.09
0.07
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.05
-0.04
0.17
0.09
-0.17
-0.15
0.23
0.07
-0.01
0.04
-0.02
-0.27
0.16
-0.32
-0.04
0.03
0.01
0.11
-0.09
0.11
0.12
-0.02
-0.08
0.07
0.17
0.17
-0.06
-0.08
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
351.8
248.3
188.1
170.9
32234
24098
11854
9733.8
1216
1488.2
2256.8
1699.4
9305.9
9334.5
12335
12594
2705.1
1997.9
1724.9
1773
1361.3
1658.6
2056.5
1206.9
1175.7
1249.9
234
235.3
224.2
211.1
1906.7
1683
1183.3
993.9
286.5
236.5
415.9
514.2
13286
12917
8278.1
9282.5
1962.8
1659.4
2039.6
1787.6
1147.8
934
1325.7
950.1
1015
1007.9
449.6
683.1 MSL
683.1 MSL
815.7 RTB
815.7 RTB
118 MSL
118 MSL
203 IKRK
203 IKRK
491 IBDR
491 IBDR
562 RTB
562 RTB
267.1 MSL
267.1 MSL
382 IKRK
382 IKRK
671 IBDR
671 IBDR
679 RTB
679 RTB
899 NSR
899 NSR
259.7 MSL
259.7 MSL
372.5 IKRK
372.5 IKRK
660.3 IBDR
660.3 IBDR
673.3 RTB
673.3 RTB
256.1 MSL
256.1 MSL
375.1 IKRK
375.1 IKRK
664 IBDR
664 IBDR
666 RTB
666 RTB
272.2 MSL
272.2 MSL
385.1 IKRK
385.1 IKRK
673.1 IBDR
673.1 IBDR
685.1 RTB
685.1 RTB
901.1 NSR
901.1 NSR
344.1 MSL
344.1 MSL
483.1 IKRK
483.1 IKRK
690.1 RTB
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
-0.087
4.59
4.44
4.34
4.30
5.06
4.94
4.82
4.73
4.62
4.71
4.91
4.79
5.05
5.05
5.34
5.35
5.35
5.21
5.04
5.05
5.34
5.42
4.38
4.14
4.29
4.32
4.26
4.26
4.14
4.11
4.33
4.28
4.30
4.23
4.36
4.27
4.39
4.49
5.22
5.21
5.17
5.22
5.21
5.14
5.12
5.06
5.27
5.18
4.41
4.27
4.49
4.49
4.48
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.24
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.33
5.18
5.18
5.18
5.18
5.18
5.18
5.18
5.18
5.18
5.18
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.44
0.13
-0.02
-0.12
-0.16
0.25
0.12
0.00
-0.08
-0.20
-0.11
0.10
-0.03
-0.17
-0.16
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.00
-0.18
-0.17
0.12
0.21
0.14
-0.09
0.06
0.08
0.02
0.03
-0.10
-0.12
0.00
-0.05
-0.03
-0.10
0.03
-0.05
0.07
0.16
0.04
0.03
-0.01
0.04
0.03
-0.04
-0.06
-0.11
0.09
0.00
-0.02
-0.17
0.05
0.05
0.04
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
28
28
590.2
186.2
203.8
5395.8
3811.8
3211
3451
923.2
714.3
835.7
535.1
398.1
330.9
1558.9
2266.7
333
382.2
516.1
665.9
4344.7
6971.1
971.3
1846
691.7
678.9
301.4
342.5
9403.6
11562
4337.8
5257.7
935.9
1091.8
998.8
1355.4
681.5
944.4
1255.1
1829.2
1159.4
1940.4
249.9
212.2
5599.9
7834.8
2249
2655.6
515.2
695
319.1
322.2
2012.6
2695.7
690.1 RTB
776.1 IBDR
776.1 IBDR
291 MSL
291 MSL
384 IKRK
384 IKRK
663 IBDR
663 IBDR
721 RTB
721 RTB
894 NSR
894 NSR
368 IKRK
368 IKRK
655 IBDR
655 IBDR
677 RTB
677 RTB
108 IKRK
108 IKRK
189 IBDR
189 IBDR
257 MSL
257 MSL
480 RTB
480 RTB
248 MSL
248 MSL
355 IKRK
355 IKRK
642 IBDR
642 IBDR
671 RTB
671 RTB
870 NSR
870 NSR
284 MSL
284 MSL
373 IKRK
373 IKRK
717 RTB
717 RTB
240.1 MSL
240.1 MSL
351 IKRK
351 IKRK
660 RTB
660 RTB
867 NSR
867 NSR
284 MSL
284 MSL
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
-0.087
0.043
0.043
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.147
0.147
4.59
4.39
4.43
4.88
4.73
4.76
4.79
4.86
4.75
4.81
4.61
4.80
4.71
4.41
4.57
4.40
4.46
4.51
4.62
4.00
4.21
3.72
4.00
3.89
3.89
3.86
3.92
5.00
5.09
4.82
4.90
4.83
4.89
4.78
4.92
4.98
5.13
4.23
4.39
4.29
4.51
4.27
4.20
4.75
4.90
4.52
4.59
4.47
4.60
4.65
4.65
4.44
4.56
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.77
4.50
4.50
4.50
4.50
4.50
4.50
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.43
4.43
0.16
-0.05
-0.01
0.12
-0.04
-0.01
0.02
0.10
-0.02
0.04
-0.16
0.03
-0.05
-0.09
0.07
-0.09
-0.03
0.01
0.12
0.07
0.27
-0.22
0.06
-0.04
-0.05
-0.08
-0.02
0.07
0.16
-0.11
-0.03
-0.10
-0.03
-0.14
-0.01
0.06
0.20
-0.09
0.08
-0.03
0.19
-0.04
-0.12
0.11
0.26
-0.12
-0.04
-0.16
-0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.13
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
1469.3
1554.2
273.1
271.6
404.3
323.7
161.6
198
1289.1
1221.5
1344.7
2458.6
508.4
433.8
453.1
406.9
43345
35584
6922.5
4263.4
1268.1
1374
3752.6
2547.1
19000
5000
1231
898.7
4465
4621.2
3457.5
4987.3
450.5
486.3
230.2
237.2
5347.7
4284.6
8922.3
6316.4
130.5
464.9
485.2
1305.7
1077.4
1059.8
874.9
174.6
173.6
150.3
141.9
36890
35273
384 IKRK
384 IKRK
666 IBDR
666 IBDR
709 RTB
709 RTB
896 NSR
896 NSR
298 MSL
298 MSL
396 IKRK
396 IKRK
677 IBDR
677 IBDR
723 RTB
723 RTB
124 IBDR
124 IBDR
189 NSR
189 NSR
553 MSL
553 MSL
638 RTB
638 RTB
47.3 IKRK
47.3 IKRK
415 RTB
415 RTB
111 IBDR
111 IBDR
191 NSR
191 NSR
392 IKRK
392 IKRK
626 RTB
626 RTB
124.8 IBDR
124.8 IBDR
177.7 NSR
177.7 NSR
407.2 IKRK
628.7 RTB
628.7 RTB
290 MSL
290 MSL
392 IKRK
392 IKRK
675 IBDR
675 IBDR
713 RTB
713 RTB
123.7 IBDR
123.7 IBDR
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
HN
HE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
LN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
4.42
4.44
4.34
4.34
4.47
4.37
4.41
4.50
4.28
4.26
4.41
4.67
4.63
4.56
4.54
4.50
5.12
5.03
4.43
4.22
4.88
4.91
5.29
5.12
4.24
3.66
4.32
4.19
4.07
4.08
4.13
4.29
3.92
3.96
4.06
4.07
4.21
4.11
4.50
4.35
3.42
4.37
4.38
4.26
4.18
4.30
4.21
4.16
4.16
4.04
4.02
5.04
5.02
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.48
4.48
4.48
4.48
4.48
4.48
4.48
4.48
4.87
4.87
4.87
4.87
4.87
4.87
4.87
4.87
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.07
4.07
4.07
4.07
4.07
4.07
4.07
4.07
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
5.02
5.02
-0.01
0.02
-0.09
-0.09
0.04
-0.06
-0.02
0.07
-0.20
-0.22
-0.07
0.19
0.15
0.09
0.07
0.02
0.25
0.16
-0.44
-0.65
0.01
0.04
0.42
0.26
0.14
-0.44
0.22
0.09
0.00
0.01
0.06
0.22
-0.14
-0.11
-0.01
0.00
0.02
-0.07
0.31
0.16
-0.76
0.18
0.20
0.10
0.01
0.13
0.05
0.00
-0.01
-0.12
-0.15
0.03
0.01
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
41
32407
22354
3111.9
5213
1848.1
1505.6
2891.1
2801.7
1915.4
2666.4
5192.9
5214.4
362.5
372.5
119.5
119.2
254.7
179.9
4737.7
5932.7
3329.7
5242.4
172.9
208.1
189.5
490.9
405.9
21767
14455
4904.8
5038.3
2176.3
1906.4
3534.2
3783.2
22013
20486
5262.2
5095
2186.1
1961.2
3567.5
3782.9
19547
16281
4728.5
6505.9
2260.7
2282.2
4466.1
4195.5
4421.6
5793.6
188.4 NSR
188.4 NSR
403.1 IKRK
403.1 IKRK
550.8 MSL
550.8 MSL
632.7 RTB
632.7 RTB
132 IBDR
132 IBDR
181 NSR
181 NSR
414 IKRK
414 IKRK
562 MSL
562 MSL
642 RTB
642 RTB
125.4 IBDR
125.4 IBDR
165.3 NSR
165.3 NSR
413.1 IKRK
560.1 MSL
560.1 MSL
627.1 RTB
627.1 RTB
186.2 NSR
186.2 NSR
409.4 IKRK
409.4 IKRK
557.1 MSL
557.1 MSL
637.9 RTB
637.9 RTB
182.1 NSR
182.1 NSR
408.5 IKRK
408.5 IKRK
556.4 MSL
556.4 MSL
635.3 RTB
635.3 RTB
197.3 NSR
197.3 NSR
397.6 IKRK
397.6 IKRK
544.9 MSL
544.9 MSL
631.6 RTB
631.6 RTB
170 NSR
170 NSR
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
LN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
5.09
4.93
4.79
5.01
5.04
4.95
5.17
5.15
3.80
3.94
4.27
4.27
3.88
3.89
3.87
3.87
4.13
3.98
4.16
4.26
4.02
4.22
3.56
4.11
4.07
4.39
4.30
4.91
4.74
5.00
5.02
5.12
5.06
5.27
5.30
4.90
4.87
5.03
5.02
5.12
5.07
5.26
5.29
4.91
4.83
4.96
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.35
5.33
4.16
4.28
5.02
5.02
5.02
5.02
5.02
5.02
5.02
5.02
3.99
3.99
3.99
3.99
3.99
3.99
3.99
3.99
3.99
3.99
4.12
4.12
4.12
4.12
4.12
4.12
4.12
4.12
4.12
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.07
5.07
5.07
5.07
5.07
5.07
5.07
5.07
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
3.93
3.93
0.08
-0.09
-0.23
0.00
0.02
-0.07
0.15
0.14
-0.19
-0.05
0.28
0.29
-0.10
-0.09
-0.12
-0.12
0.14
-0.01
0.04
0.14
-0.10
0.10
-0.56
-0.01
-0.05
0.27
0.19
-0.13
-0.31
-0.04
-0.03
0.07
0.02
0.22
0.25
-0.16
-0.20
-0.04
-0.05
0.05
0.01
0.20
0.22
-0.18
-0.26
-0.13
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.27
0.24
0.23
0.35
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
41
41
41
41
42
42
42
42
42
42
43
43
43
43
43
43
44
44
44
44
44
44
45
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
46
46
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
49
304.4
370.3
93
86.1
24086
15313
2313
1893.4
447
457.1
11853
16321
949.6
873.9
430.2
273.4
7845.9
3960.1
930.4
722.3
197.5
194.2
5109.4
5556.6
595
667.9
200.8
213.2
4710.1
4645.1
951
958.8
474.4
513
2195.1
3313.4
367.9
322.3
109
112.8
229.7
230.7
15631
17458
3300.4
6629.2
2452.6
3043.4
1137.5
1087.3
1317
1424.1
5669
411 IKRK
411 IKRK
558 MSL
558 MSL
187.6 NSR
187.6 NSR
406.7 IKRK
406.7 IKRK
555.5 MSL
555.5 MSL
186.6 NSR
186.6 NSR
409.7 IKRK
409.7 IKRK
557.5 MSL
557.5 MSL
176 NSR
176 NSR
405 IKRK
405 IKRK
553 MSL
553 MSL
176.6 NSR
176.6 NSR
413.4 IKRK
413.4 IKRK
560.8 MSL
560.8 MSL
176 NSR
176 NSR
416 IKRK
416 IKRK
639 RTB
639 RTB
113 IBDR
113 IBDR
393 IKRK
393 IKRK
542 MSL
542 MSL
629 RTB
629 RTB
110.7 IBDR
110.7 IBDR
177.1 NSR
177.1 NSR
393.8 IKRK
393.8 IKRK
541.3 MSL
541.3 MSL
611.2 RTB
611.2 RTB
150.9 IBDR
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
3.80
3.89
3.75
3.72
4.96
4.77
4.67
4.58
4.43
4.44
4.65
4.79
4.29
4.26
4.42
4.22
4.43
4.14
4.27
4.16
4.07
4.06
4.25
4.29
4.10
4.15
4.09
4.12
4.21
4.21
4.31
4.31
4.40
4.43
3.77
3.95
3.84
3.78
3.79
3.80
4.06
4.06
4.61
4.66
4.06
4.36
4.67
4.76
4.81
4.79
4.78
4.82
4.35
3.93
3.93
3.93
3.93
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.64
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.19
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.31
4.31
4.31
4.31
4.31
4.31
3.88
3.88
3.88
3.88
3.88
3.88
3.88
3.88
4.63
4.63
4.63
4.63
4.63
4.63
4.63
4.63
4.63
4.63
4.34
-0.13
-0.04
-0.17
-0.21
0.32
0.13
0.03
-0.05
-0.21
-0.20
0.21
0.35
-0.15
-0.18
-0.02
-0.22
0.25
-0.05
0.08
-0.03
-0.12
-0.13
0.08
0.12
-0.07
-0.02
-0.07
-0.05
-0.10
-0.10
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.12
-0.11
0.07
-0.04
-0.10
-0.09
-0.07
0.18
0.18
-0.02
0.03
-0.57
-0.26
0.04
0.13
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.19
0.01
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
54
54
54
54
54
8834.3
4929.7
4275.9
955.4
1124.8
257.6
318
486.3
379.4
78640
83658
32124
27159
18274
12796
4063.4
3749
5150.4
5130.8
17000
17000
5718.3
4542.1
6039.8
6922.6
763.3
746.2
3666.1
2928.7
2063.8
1983
1996.2
296.9
326.1
280.7
320.2
468.8
395.6
91000
31000
5000
60888
10143
8100.7
7888
7643.9
7415
9678.9
6998.8
10754
2440.6
2885.3
689.7
150.9 IBDR
179.5 NSR
179.5 NSR
430.1 IKRK
430.1 IKRK
577.3 MSL
577.3 MSL
649 RTB
649 RTB
172.3 IBDR
172.3 IBDR
237.2 NSR
237.2 NSR
429.1 IKRK
429.1 IKRK
579.1 MSL
579.1 MSL
695.1 RTB
695.1 RTB
75.4 IKRK
75.4 IKRK
190.9 MSL
190.9 MSL
257.6 IBDR
257.6 IBDR
414.2 RTB
414.2 RTB
470 NSR
458.2 NSR
458.2 NSR
594.2 IBDR
594.2 IBDR
873.1 IKRK
873.1 IKRK
1022.1 MSL
1022.1 MSL
1060.1 RTB
1060.1 RTB
130.1 MSL
130.1 MSL
277.1 IKRK
277.1 IKRK
508 RTB
508 RTB
568 IBDR
568 IBDR
783 NSR
783 NSR
137 MSL
137 MSL
281 IKRK
281 IKRK
521 RTB
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
-0.106
0.043
0.043
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
-0.087
4.54
4.24
4.18
4.34
4.41
4.24
4.33
4.43
4.32
5.57
5.60
5.25
5.18
5.62
5.47
5.44
5.40
5.54
5.54
4.41
4.41
4.60
4.50
4.73
4.79
4.11
4.10
4.90
4.78
4.63
5.05
5.06
4.74
4.78
5.13
5.19
5.19
5.11
5.57
5.10
4.67
5.76
5.45
5.35
5.60
5.59
5.86
5.97
4.48
4.67
4.37
4.44
4.31
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.34
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
4.51
4.51
4.51
4.51
4.51
4.51
4.51
4.51
4.51
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.97
5.49
5.49
5.49
5.49
5.49
5.49
5.49
5.49
5.49
5.49
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
0.20
-0.09
-0.15
0.00
0.07
-0.10
-0.01
0.09
-0.02
0.11
0.14
-0.21
-0.28
0.16
0.01
-0.02
-0.05
0.09
0.08
-0.10
-0.10
0.09
-0.01
0.23
0.28
-0.40
-0.40
0.40
-0.19
-0.34
0.09
0.09
-0.23
-0.19
0.16
0.22
0.22
0.15
0.08
-0.39
-0.82
0.27
-0.04
-0.14
0.11
0.10
0.37
0.48
0.06
0.24
-0.06
0.02
-0.12
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
54
54
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
57
57
57
57
58
58
58
58
58
58
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
61
61
1099.4
337.3
362.8
327.8
305
5045.2
4010.2
3278.8
4521.8
768.4
563.4
632.4
1159.2
471.6
462.6
3265.2
4407.3
1416.4
1625.5
635.9
510
125.9
152.5
776.4
687.7
93
111
996.9
820.8
120.9
159.9
142.9
142.4
56881
70154
45244
48819
5357.2
3593
6563.5
14330
2139.1
3003.2
52000
78000
37000
74707
72235
49998
37188
26160
29000
68000
521 RTB
574 IBDR
574 IBDR
790 NSR
790 NSR
263.1 MSL
263.1 MSL
363.1 IKRK
363.1 IKRK
646 IBDR
646 IBDR
691 RTB
691 RTB
876 NSR
876 NSR
220.1 IBDR
220.1 IBDR
303.1 IKRK
303.1 IKRK
443 MSL
443 MSL
689 RTB
689 RTB
372.6 IKRK
372.6 IKRK
682.4 RTB
682.4 RTB
365 IKRK
365 IKRK
652 IBDR
652 IBDR
678 RTB
678 RTB
138.9 MSL
138.9 MSL
261.5 IKRK
261.5 IKRK
554.2 IBDR
554.2 IBDR
562.2 RTB
562.2 RTB
778.2 NSR
778.2 NSR
392.1 IKRK
392.1 IKRK
400.1 MSL
400.1 MSL
584.1 IBDR
584.1 IBDR
833.1 RTB
833.1 RTB
395.3 IKRK
395.3 IKRK
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.043
0.043
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
4.51
4.24
4.27
4.51
4.48
4.78
4.68
4.72
4.86
4.75
4.61
4.63
4.89
4.84
4.83
4.35
4.48
4.20
4.26
4.33
4.24
3.92
4.00
4.11
4.06
3.78
3.85
4.20
4.12
3.96
4.08
3.95
3.95
5.40
5.49
5.58
5.62
5.40
5.23
5.38
5.72
5.31
5.45
5.99
6.16
6.00
6.30
6.59
6.44
6.67
6.52
5.74
6.11
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.22
4.22
4.22
4.22
4.22
4.22
4.22
4.22
3.95
3.95
3.95
3.95
4.04
4.04
4.04
4.04
4.04
4.04
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
5.46
6.33
6.33
6.33
6.33
6.33
6.33
6.33
6.33
6.14
6.14
0.08
-0.19
-0.15
0.09
0.05
0.02
-0.08
-0.04
0.10
-0.01
-0.14
-0.13
0.13
0.08
0.07
0.13
0.26
-0.02
0.04
0.12
0.02
-0.30
-0.21
0.17
0.11
-0.17
-0.10
0.17
0.08
-0.08
0.04
-0.08
-0.09
-0.06
0.04
0.13
0.16
-0.06
-0.23
-0.08
0.26
-0.15
0.00
-0.34
-0.16
-0.33
-0.02
0.27
0.11
0.34
0.19
-0.40
-0.03
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
63
63
64
64
64
64
64
64
65
65
65
65
65
65
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
67
67
67
67
67
67
68
68
68
68
68
68
85665
31641
28286
12455
9255.8
10698
15483
2073.4
1730.1
1804.4
2628.9
595.2
581.3
2880.2
2728.9
1190.5
1660.8
797.6
712.7
641.2
424.3
401.3
323.9
131.6
203.4
966.8
998.6
566.2
459.1
261.8
212.3
6729.1
7225.8
5002.9
6386.7
1649.9
2265.5
862.6
500.6
773.6
953.8
1819.4
1622.2
1150.9
1348.2
540.1
499.1
7478.9
8625
4726.1
4542.1
2527.9
2522.4
395.3 MSL
596.2 IBDR
596.2 IBDR
825.1 NSR
825.1 NSR
831.1 RTB
831.1 RTB
418.1 MSL
418.1 MSL
419.1 IKRK
419.1 IKRK
617.1 IBDR
617.1 IBDR
377 IKRK
377 IKRK
385 MSL
385 MSL
572 IBDR
572 IBDR
393 IKRK
393 IKRK
395 MSL
395 MSL
592 IBDR
592 IBDR
388.1 IKRK
388.1 IKRK
398.1 MSL
398.1 MSL
578.1 IBDR
578.1 IBDR
398.4 IKRK
398.4 IKRK
400.4 MSL
400.4 MSL
597.3 IBDR
597.3 IBDR
825.2 NSR
825.2 NSR
835.2 RTB
835.2 RTB
369 IKRK
369 IKRK
371 MSL
371 MSL
572 IBDR
572 IBDR
401 IKRK
401 IKRK
405 MSL
405 MSL
597 IBDR
597 IBDR
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
0.147
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
6.35
6.26
6.21
6.16
6.03
6.13
6.29
4.79
4.71
4.59
4.76
4.58
4.57
4.69
4.67
4.47
4.61
4.61
4.56
4.08
3.90
4.02
3.93
3.87
4.06
4.25
4.26
4.18
4.09
4.14
4.05
5.11
5.15
5.13
5.24
4.98
5.12
5.00
4.77
4.99
5.08
4.47
4.42
4.42
4.49
4.44
4.41
5.17
5.23
5.12
5.10
5.17
5.16
6.14
6.14
6.14
6.14
6.14
6.14
6.14
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.60
3.98
3.98
3.98
3.98
3.98
3.98
4.16
4.16
4.16
4.16
4.16
4.16
5.06
5.06
5.06
5.06
5.06
5.06
5.06
5.06
5.06
5.06
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.44
4.44
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
0.21
0.12
0.07
0.02
-0.11
-0.01
0.15
0.12
0.04
-0.08
0.09
-0.09
-0.10
0.10
0.07
-0.13
0.02
0.01
-0.03
0.10
-0.08
0.04
-0.05
-0.11
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.02
-0.07
-0.02
-0.11
0.06
0.09
0.07
0.18
-0.08
0.06
-0.06
-0.29
-0.07
0.03
0.04
-0.01
-0.02
0.05
0.01
-0.03
0.08
0.14
0.03
0.01
0.08
0.08
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
68
68
68
68
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
69
70
70
70
70
70
70
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
711.7
785
910.5
823.8
6008.4
5479.6
3261.8
3641.1
2078.7
1845.6
568.7
697
607.9
402.3
2336.8
3252.5
824.6
739.3
298.7
240.9
3511.2
3308.4
2649.8
1844.4
283.3
313.5
396
394.3
9135.5
5372.4
8920.8
10134
658.7
583.4
378.6
571.8
13507
14879
5758.8
7132.9
3171.4
2239.1
1135.4
1483.1
2984.5
3670.4
3960.1
3683.9
1023.7
1064.8
325.4
335.1
275.3
825 NSR
825 NSR
840 RTB
840 RTB
392 IKRK
392 IKRK
394 MSL
394 MSL
591 IBDR
591 IBDR
820 NSR
820 NSR
829 RTB
829 RTB
385 IKRK
385 IKRK
587 IBDR
587 IBDR
821 RTB
821 RTB
100.2 MSL
100.2 MSL
198.2 IKRK
198.2 IKRK
489.1 IBDR
489.1 IBDR
543.1 RTB
543.1 RTB
126 MSL
126 MSL
213 IKRK
213 IKRK
501 IBDR
501 IBDR
570 RTB
570 RTB
390.1 IKRK
390.1 IKRK
390.1 MSL
390.1 MSL
592.1 IBDR
592.1 IBDR
826.1 RTB
826.1 RTB
307 IBDR
307 IBDR
369.8 NSR
369.8 NSR
511.6 IKRK
511.6 IKRK
657.5 MSL
657.5 MSL
831.4 RTB
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
-0.106
-0.106
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
0.043
0.043
-0.087
-0.087
0.043
0.043
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
0.147
0.147
-0.087
4.92
4.96
5.07
5.03
5.05
5.01
4.93
4.98
5.07
5.02
4.81
4.90
4.88
4.70
4.62
4.77
4.66
4.61
4.55
4.46
4.01
3.99
4.15
4.00
3.98
4.03
4.12
4.12
4.55
4.32
4.73
4.78
4.38
4.32
4.15
4.33
5.40
5.44
5.17
5.26
5.25
5.10
5.14
5.26
4.57
4.66
4.70
4.67
4.56
4.57
4.50
4.52
4.54
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.93
4.61
4.61
4.61
4.61
4.61
4.61
4.05
4.05
4.05
4.05
4.05
4.05
4.05
4.05
4.45
4.45
4.45
4.45
4.45
4.45
4.45
4.45
5.25
5.25
5.25
5.25
5.25
5.25
5.25
5.25
4.59
4.59
4.59
4.59
4.59
4.59
4.59
4.59
4.59
-0.17
-0.13
-0.02
-0.06
0.12
0.08
0.00
0.05
0.14
0.09
-0.12
-0.03
-0.05
-0.23
0.01
0.16
0.05
0.00
-0.06
-0.15
-0.04
-0.06
0.11
-0.05
-0.06
-0.02
0.07
0.07
0.10
-0.13
0.28
0.34
-0.07
-0.12
-0.29
-0.11
0.15
0.19
-0.08
0.01
0.01
-0.15
-0.11
0.01
-0.02
0.07
0.11
0.08
-0.03
-0.02
-0.08
-0.07
-0.05
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
74
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
308.8
12676
10630
7997
7561.5
1067.3
1662.8
484.9
713.8
253.9
255.4
210.7
178.5
11503
9115.8
310.8
430.8
158.5
153.5
121.3
103.1
1492.7
1714.1
268.4
474.2
287.2
287.4
180.7
151.2
831.4 RTB
287.2 MSL
287.2 MSL
342.1 IKRK
342.1 IKRK
602.1 IBDR
602.1 IBDR
433.1 IKRK
433.1 IKRK
556.1 RTB
556.1 RTB
571.1 MSL
571.1 MSL
72.8 NSR
72.8 NSR
444 IKRK
444 IKRK
558 RTB
558 RTB
581 MSL
581 MSL
78 NSR
78 NSR
448.4 IKRK
448.4 IKRK
558.1 RTB
558.1 RTB
585 MSL
585 MSL
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BN
BE
BE
BN
BE
BN
BN
BE
BE
BN
BN
BE
-0.087
0.147
0.147
0.007
0.007
0.043
0.043
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
-0.106
-0.106
0.007
0.007
-0.087
-0.087
0.147
0.147
4.59
5.24
5.17
5.05
5.03
4.80
4.99
4.05
4.22
3.95
3.95
4.14
4.06
4.11
4.01
3.89
4.03
3.75
3.74
3.92
3.85
3.26
3.32
3.83
4.08
4.01
4.01
4.10
4.02
4.59
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
4.06
4.06
4.06
4.06
4.06
4.06
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
MLH inversion output

SVD inversion
Total number of events:
Total number of stations:
Total number of observations:
Reference distance =
Reference amplitude =
Reference magnitude =
78
5
612
100.00000
1.0000000
3.0000000
Ml = log A + a log(dist/refdist) + b (dist-refdist) + c + S

a1= 0.89129 +/- 0.65714
a2= 0.00000 +/- 0.00100
a3= -0.00000 +/- 0.00100
b = 0.00143 +/- 0.00079
c = 0.31807 +/- 0.00000
Ml = log A + a log(dist) + b (dist) + c + S
a1 = 0.89129 +/- 0.65714
a2 = 0.00000 +/- 0.00100
a3 = -0.00000 +/- 0.00100
b = 0.00143 +/- 0.00079
c1 = -1.60719
0.00
0.20
0.12
0.00
-0.02
-0.25
-0.05
0.00
0.16
-0.11
-0.10
0.08
0.01
0.20
0.10
-0.02
0.12
-0.16
-0.17
0.01
-0.06
-0.57
-0.51
0.00
0.25
0.18
0.18
0.27
0.19
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
c2 =
c3 =
0.17538
0.17539
Station #
1 IBDR
0.043 +/Station #
2 NSR
-0.106 +/Station #
3 RTB
-0.087 +/Station #
4 IKRK
0.007 +/Station #
5 MSL
0.142 +/Average site term:
0.00
Event #
1 2010011620234100
Event #
2 2010021116294100
Event #
3 2010022310255400
Event #
4 2010092704260900
Event #
5 2010112210380200
Event #
6 2011102320453700
Event #
7 2011102408282700
Event #
8 2011102408492000
Event #
9 2011102415280800
Event #
10 2011102422133200
Event #
11 2011102514550800
Event #
12 2011102603161900
Event #
13 2011102623422760
Event #
14 2011102708042200
Event #
15 2011102822480400
Event #
16 2011110211430300
Event #
17 2011110822055000
Event #
18 2011111218200200
Event #
19 2011111416471700
Event #
20 2011111422081600
Event #
21 2011111702371900
Event #
22 2011111817394000
Event #
23 2011112203303700
Event #
24 2011112907581400
Event #
25 2011113000472300
Event #
26 2011120301305400
Event #
27 2011120422150300
Event #
28 2011120602560100
Event #
29 2011122719185400
Event #
30 2012022823185000
Event #
31 2012030506503400
Event #
32 2012031021410400
Event #
33 2012032512285400
Event #
34 2012040409414000
Event #
35 2012041818430100
Event #
36 2012041820040500
Event #
37 2012041907425200
Event #
38 2012042001211100
Event #
39 2012042001210700
Event #
40 2012042003054700
Event #
41 2012042003313900
Event #
42 2012042015370500
Event #
43 2012042016175000
Event #
44 2012042016325100
Event #
45 2012042017195200
Event #
46 2012042208135200
Event #
47 2012042316425900
Event #
48 2012042323003900
Event #
49 2012042418163900
Event #
50 2012050310093600
Event #
51 2012050501571500
Event #
52 2012060816151200
Event #
53 2012061405525400
Event #
54 2012061523481700
Event #
55 2012062420072150
Event #
56 2012071400550100
Event #
57 2012072016202200
Event #
58 2012072422533900
Event #
59 2012080520372400
Event #
60 2012081112231800
Event #
61 2012081112443900
Event #
62 2012081115212000
0.2172
0.2271
0.2223
0.2183
0.2182
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
33.113
31.027
33.029
35.410
36.300
4.70
4.19
5.37
3.97
3.92
5.91
4.48
4.53
4.82
4.17
5.51
4.36
4.24
5.29
4.46
4.82
5.22
4.24
4.33
5.18
4.44
4.77
4.50
3.94
4.93
4.32
4.64
4.43
4.48
4.87
4.10
4.07
4.19
4.17
5.02
3.99
4.12
5.05
5.07
5.09
3.93
4.64
4.44
4.19
4.17
4.31
3.88
4.63
4.34
5.46
4.51
4.97
5.49
4.43
4.76
4.22
3.95
4.04
5.46
6.33
6.14
4.67
+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/-
45.933
46.244
40.304
44.349
43.100
0.519
0.473
0.517
0.485
0.484
0.442
0.440
0.440
0.488
0.441
0.413
0.440
0.487
0.401
0.413
0.426
0.413
0.440
0.440
0.413
0.443
0.413
0.488
0.422
0.412
0.484
0.439
0.413
0.441
0.429
0.542
0.426
0.446
0.441
0.401
0.401
0.412
0.440
0.440
0.441
0.485
0.487
0.487
0.486
0.486
0.482
0.430
0.399
0.403
0.407
0.403
0.421
0.404
0.405
0.412
0.437
0.565
0.488
0.404
0.443
0.429
0.493
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
2012081115431700
2012081116215300
2012081119524500
2012081122240300
2012081301560800
2012081414022500
2012081517490500
2012081617141200
2012091223293600
2012091302422300
2012110706263300
2012112706223000
2012122306385709
2013011916513800
2013012017123000
2013012118505000
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
4.60
3.98
4.16
5.06
4.44
5.09
4.93
4.61
4.05
4.45
5.25
4.59
5.05
4.06
3.91
3.83
+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/+/-
0.492
0.492
0.493
0.416
0.492
0.416
0.416
0.487
0.424
0.427
0.443
0.415
0.488
0.490
0.426
0.428

.
.
/
.
) (
.

.
.
.
ML
917 .
.
Hutton, 1987 IASPI
:
ML (A,R) = log10 A + a*log10 R + bR+c+S A
) ( R
.
a , b c )(S
305 . ML
) ( R :
MLV = log ( A ) + 1.028 * log ( R ) + 0.00122 * R 1.86 + S
.
.
612 ML
) ( R :
MLH = log ( A ) + 0.891 * log ( R ) + 0.00143 * R 1.607 + S
.
.
.
mb
) (USGS) , mb ( IDC) , MS ( IDC )(
:
) MLV_MS(IDC) , MLH _ mb ( IDC .
MLH MLV .
.
MLH MLV ML
MLH .

)(
:
2014
1435

Determination Formula of Local Earthquake Magnitude

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Determination Formula of Local Earthquake Magnitude

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Republic of Iraq

Ministry of Higher Education

Determination Formula of Local Earthquake Magnitude for

Maythem Abdul Qadir Al Dabbagh

The Supervisor Certification

Recommendation of the head of the department of Geology:

Dr. Ameen I. AL-Yasi

Address: Asst. professor

location of Studded Area

Some Regional Studies

Calculating Magnitude in Iraqi Seismological Network

Tectonics and Seismotectonics of the Studied Area

Tectonic Framework of Arabian Plate

Tectonic and Seismotectonics of Iraq

Seismic Activities in Iraq

Chapter(2):Local magnitude scale derivation

Seismic Moment From Seismic Record

Seismic Moment_ Corner Frequency Relationship and Saturation 13

Historical Development of the Local Magnitude Scale

Richter Scale as Richter Represented

Instrument and Syntheses

ML Scale Derivation, Formulation and Methodology

Hypocenter_ Station Distance Calculation

Structure of Seisan Software

Chapter(3):Instrument response removal to read amplitude

Magnification of the Digital Recording System Used in ISN

Ground Motion Determination

Wood-Anderson Seismometer Magnification

Wood Anderson Synthesis from Digital Data

Reading Amplitude by Seisan Sofware

Verification of Seisan Software

Chapter(4):Working with data

Data Collection and Preparation

Data Set Used in the Present Study

Hutton and Boor, 1987 Study, a Review

Linear Least Square Fitting Execution

Examining Formula (4-3) and Formula (4-4) Statistically

A Comparison Between Hutton, 1987 and MLH (ISN) Formula

Attenuation Curve Study

Relationship between average Wood-Anderson amplitude to the

ML for Dataset Used in Present Study as Reported by

General tectonics of the Arabian and surroundings plate

The three tectonic zones of Iraq

Epicenters of seismic events recorded by ISN between 1900

Example of seismic displacement spectra of a local earthquake

Theoretical S-source spectra for different size earthquakes

Relationship between different kinds of magnitudes and

Attenuation curve ( log A? as a function of distance) for some 22

Velocity magnification curve of STS-2 seismometer as a

Z-component for a seismic event recorded by MSL station and

Synthetic Wood Anderson trace to the record of Fig (3-6a)

Reading amplitude on synthetic Wood Anderson trace of Fig

Zoomed view to the velocity trace of Fig (3-6a)

Reading maximum velocity on the velocity trace

MS calculated from reading maximum amplitude on velocity

Residuals according to MLH (ISN)

Residuals according to Hutton and Boor,1987 formula

Residuals according to MLH(ISN) formula

Attenuation curve (-Log Ao = a*Log(distance)+b*distance+c)

Residuals according to MS(IDC)_MLV(ISN) relationship

Residuals according to mb(USGS)_MLV(ISN) relationship

Residuals according to mb(USGS)_MLH(ISN) relationship

Residuals according to mb(IDC)_MLH(ISN) relationship

Residuals according to MS(IDC)_MLH(ISN) relationship

Attenuation curve (-Log Ao = aLog(distance)+bdistance+c)