You are on page 1of 3

1.

Here are some mercury concentrations (g/liter) measured in a city water supply
(13 numbers):
0.34
0.10
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

0.18
0.14

0.13
0.26

0.09
0.06

0.16
0.26

0.09
0.07

0.16

Prepare stem and leaf diagram


Find the median
Calculate the standard deviation and coefficient of variation
Calculate the five number summary and IQR
Comment on the frequency distribution

2. Describe these three frequency distributions

3. These box plots present mortality rates (per 100 patients per year) for hospitals
performing heart transplants. There are two groups of hospitals, those that perform
a low number of transplants (up to 9) and those that perform a high number (more

than 10).
Describe the differences in death rates between the two hospitals.

4. Researches are interested in whether smoking cigarettes contributes to the


likelihood of sleep apnea. They survey 100,000 randomly selected patients on
smoking habits and examine whether these patients have sleep apnea. Here are the
results (made up data):
Apnea
No Apnea
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Smoker
4800
27200

Non-smoker
7000
61000

What is Pr {Smoker or Have Apnea}?


What is Pr {Smoker and Have Apnea}?
What is Pr {Apnea|Smoker}?
What is Pr {Apnea|Non-smoker}?
What is Pr {Apnea}?
Is having sleep apnea independent of smoking?

5. Consider the individuals in the survey above to be a population, and think about
what happens if we sample individuals from this population. Make a probability tree
to show
a. Pr {two smokers} when sampling two individuals
b. Pr {at least one person with apnea} when sampling two individuals
6. If we sample 15 individuals, what is:
a. Pr {7 people with sleep apnea}
b. Pr {not a single individual has sleep apnea}
c. Pr {at least 1 individual has sleep apnea}
d. Pr {at most 1 individual has sleep apnea}
7. The simple probability of getting an A (Pr {A}) in the Biostats test is 0.57. The
probability of getting an A and having studied for the test (Pr {A and studied}) is
0.38. The simple probability that someone has studied for the test (Pr
{studied}) is 0.52. Calculate the conditional probability of getting an A given
that the student has studied for the test (Pr {A|studied}). Is the event of getting
an A in the test independent of studying?
8. Mary takes a urine pregnancy test at home and it comes up positive. However, the
test is not 100% reliable and the following conditional probabilities apply:
a. the probability of testing positive given that a woman is Pr {+|pregnant} =
0.97;
b. the probability of testing negative given that a woman is Pr {-|not pregnant}
= 0.96
c. We also know that the simple probability of woman of Marys age is Pr
{pregnant} = 0.15
Calculate the probability that Mary is pregnant given that she tested positive
(i.e. Pr{pregnant|+} = ? )
9. Dr. Jones is interested in studying the genetics of the dragon lizards which can only
be found on Coconut Island. To sample these lizards Dr. Jones decides to walk 100 m
transects towards the interior of the island (which is roughly circular and about 10
km in diameter) starting from randomly selected points along the coastline (he is

getting to the island by boat) and sampling every individual dragon lizard observed
in each transect. Briefly discuss the problems, if any, that this sampling scheme
might have in terms of the two properties of a simple random sample.

You might also like