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IDEA Conference February 19, 2013

San Diego, CA
Microgrids Control and Protection
Schneider Electric
philip.barton@schneider-electric.com
404-661-7272
Nashville, TN USA

Management and Control of the Microgrid


The ability to island, preserving distributed energy
sources - Automatically
Rotating Sources, Steam
Inverter based sources

Managing the campus power system with the


complexity of distributed energy

Preventing some outages


Solving others quickly
Mitigating ARC faults
Building process around new DER and its Microgrid

What is Smart grid... vs Microgrid?

Distributed Energy
Resources

Critical Loads

Critical Infrastructure Campus(es)

Smart Grid:
two way
communication
producers
and
consumers
of
An integrated
energy
system
consisting of between
interconnected
loads
and
distributed
power
energy resources which as an integrated
system can operate in parallel with the grid
or in an intentional islanded mode.

SE Strengths Constructing and Retrofitting Microgrids:


Proven performance >300 U.S. controls
projects for critical energy infrastructure

Both industrial and T&D substation


technologies ISO to Campuses
Conventional and renewable generation
Flexible contracting approach retrofits to
design build or financed and guaranteed

Distributed generation, load


preservation, net zero, islanding, black
start, relaying upgrades, steam systems,
transfer schemes, demand management
High Speed Load Preservation prevents outages in California, USA

High power equipment, over 40% in


most US markets, 3500 U.S. Power
Management Systems
Medium Voltage offers growing through
Areva and Telvent integration, IEC 61850
Experienced with UL 1741 and IEEE 1547
Protection and Arc Fault interruption
Microgrid controls for shore power connections in
California, USA 2007 - 2013

Microgrids Key Points


Reliable SCADA, with load data and source data

1
MAINS and INTERCONNECT

Where DER is in continued parallel


operation, high speed control allows
preservation of the most critical load,
often with closed transition

Arc Fault Mitigation


Can save a substation

2
Precise source and load
data for control and early
warnings

1b - High speed grid data, Freq.

Triggers armed loads to shed, site wide


Relaying and control retrofits and
analysis

BiDirectional high speed inverters can


add MG stability (voltage, frequency)
and increase system capacity (kVARs)

5
SER can pinpoint a root
Cause is minutes vs. hours or
days (downstream PCC)

Storage
can be
added

Rotating DER sources can be


2 used as an anchor resource to
safely repurpose grid tied solar
fuel
Cells
Use or disclosure of data contained on,this
sheet
is subject to the
restriction on the cover of this document.

Stranded load data can be brought


into an otherwise isolated
Microgrid in a cyber secure way

1 - High Speed Load Preservation Microgrids require :

Determinism and speed - reserve margins, power flow, coordination of multiple PCCs
Fault tolerant control Medium, High and Low Voltage
Dynamic control to not shed too much or too little
Reliability and stability

Steam and weak Microgrids require dynamic speed over large campuses.
This preserves critical DER by removing load from 100s of individual breakers at different voltages in
under 6 electrical cycles. State of the art is dynamic, with priorities that can change on the fly in
response to the mission

2 Metering is essential for early warnings

Sub-metering for efficiency and control

Schneider Electric has installed over 500 PowerLogic systems in the DoD and civilian agencies.
,VA, GSA and NAVFAC use AMI across their enterprises, with ION EEM , customer site SE hosted.
About 10 of 20 DOE National Labs have significant PowerLogic Sandia, Los Alamos, JPL, Argonne, Fermi, Oak
Ridge + MIT Lincoln and other DOE sites
USAF, U.S. Army, DHS , DOT and NASA are all great clients.

And preventing an occurrence or reoccurrence


Minimize System Downtime
Proactively assess vulnerabilities
Analyze power distribution
system performance during an
event
Modify the power system to
prevent similar problems in the
future
Detect, capture and understand
events
Verify reliable operation of
distribution and mitigation
equipment
Baseline conditions and verify
improvements as a result of
equipment upgrades
Determine Root Cause

3 - Integration of new or inverter based DER:


May require:
Breakers vs Switches to protect the line side and load side assets
Relocation and or improvements to protective relaying
Studies or modeling for load flow, transient stability
Interconnect approvals
An anchor resource from 3 - 5 parts inductive (rotating) to one part inverter based

4 - System Protection and Co-ordination


An arc is developed within a millisecond.
Released energy is proportional to ~ I x t (R x I x t)
It, kA s

Copper fire
(~1100C)
Cable fire
(~600C)

Total breaking time


with arc protection
7 + (35 .. 80)ms

100
limits equipment
damage
& lower PPE

Steel fire
(~1550C)

200

400
Personnel and equipment can be
at major risk

500

600 ms
Extensive damage to
equipment and injury to
personnel

ARC Phenomenon
Rapid build-up of pressure and heat
Arc temperature is about 18000 F
Extreme heat leads to burning of
metal and create toxic gases
Pressure will rise to around 4 bar
(8354 Lbs/sqft)
Damage in the switchgear is often
extensive
- Potential injuries
- Direct and indirect costs

Arc Fault Mitigation Communications 1 MS

5 - Sequence of Events
1ms timestamps for SER
anywhere needed

trip
alarm

ATS
04/18/2007 07:33:31:188

Gen #2 Under Frequency Alarm (Relay Open)

04/18/2007 07:33:31:191

UPS #4 Switched to Maintenance Bypass

04/18/2007 07:33:31:188

Static Switch # 4 Out-of-Synch alarm

transfer

alarm

Branch Circuit Power


Meter (BCPM)

transfer

Appendix

For More Information:


Links:
Combined Heat and Power Executive Order
Energy Security Act
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
DOE EERE FEMP Energy Security
Schneider Electric Microgrids and Advanced Reliability
DOE Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Contact:
Philip Barton
Schneider Electric /Square D
295 Tech Park
LaVergne (Nashville), TN 37086
Philip.Barton@schneider-electric.com
404 661 7272 cell
Thank You!

Make vs. Buy Gas, Biogas, electricity, water, waste

11 to 15 one msec
Inputs per card
Up to 16 CMs

10 one msec
Inputs per card

32 one msec
Inputs per card
TCP Modbus

IEEE 1547 Clause 4

Power Flow - tight


Voltage, Frequency - tight
Single PCC or Multiple PCC to co-ordinate -tight
Fault Protection - tight
Load Requirements tight
Reserve Margins tight - loose
Adequate DR - tight
Power Quality - loose
Transients - loose

Communication Protocols IEEE P1547.8 Draft 1


Tightly coupled

High availability required


Point to point and LANs IEC 61850-7-420 provides object models for
types of information exchanged. Modbus, MMS and web services may
be used

Loosely coupled

Reasonable availability of communications is required. It is presumed


DER systems can manage their own behavior
-Can be LAN or WAN
IEC 61850-7-420 and more recently IEC 61850-90-7 can provide object
model 17 for exchanging this information. These models can be
mapped to MMS, web services, DNP-3, Smart Energy Profile (SEP),
Modbus and more

Broadcast and multi cast

Reasonable availability is required, with contractual and financial


requirements for DER driving the need. DER systems should drive
their own behavior if no messages received.

IEEE - MG Standards and Protocol Needs:


Communications

Central Control, Semi


autonomous, autonomous
Component and system
interoperability
Cyber Security

Testing

Capability and
conformance

System Protection and


Co-ordination:

Protective relay use


Protect equipment user

IEC 61850 Key Benefits


Speed: 100 Mbps instead of few 10 kbps
More data for a better operation & maintenance

Peer-to-peer: No extra hardware


Design of innovative automation schemes.

Conditional report instead of polling


Optimal performances

IP (Internet Protocol) routing: Ubiquitous data access


Capability to extend the system outside of the substation

Client-server: Instead of master-slave


Flexible designs easy to upgrade

Pre-defined names: Single vocabulary between users


Easier engineering between teams

XML references: Formal interfaces


Consistency between engineering tools

Three Defined Communications Protocols


IEC61850 MMS:

Communication to SCADA, HMI, etc.


Uses buffered or unbuffered reporting in Client/Server
architecture.

IEC61850 GOOSE:

Inter-protection messaging, replacing hardwired I/O.


Broadcast Ethernet Frames, no acknowledgements, not routable
Uses Publisher/Subscriber architecture

IEC61850-9-2 Sampled Values:

Newest addition to be developed.


Digital metering data, with high sampling rate, from CTs and PTs
to Protection relays.
Terminology: Metering value is called a Stream. This is metering
data that is shared over an Ethernet Network.

GOOSE Protection & Automation Applications

Interlocking with a single control at a time


Voltage regulation of parallel transformers
Automatic recloser co-ordination
Disturbance recorder coordination
MV Busbar protection
Circuit breaker failure protection/protection
acceleration
Frequency load shedding
Generation/ Load unbalance adaptive load shedding
Sequences
etc.

GOOSE Example: Electric Utility


230 kV Bus B 1
11 B 87 A/ B 1 F

52- 16 F

52 - 17F

M 32 R

12 . 47 kV

600 : 5

52 221 L

52- 11 F

1 1 L 8 7 A/ L 1 5 F

1 1 L 8 7 A/L 9 F

1 1 B 8 7 A/ S S T 1

50 : 5
52-6 F

52- 15 F

52- 24F

4000 : 5
1 1 B 8 7 A/ S S T 2

4000 : 5

52- 23F

11 T 87 A / SST 2

52- 14 F

M 87 V

1 1 L 2 1 A/ L 1 8 F

52- 10 F

Bank T 71

52 - 18F

M 86 V

52-7 F

T7 1 A

52- 12 F

52 - 19F

1 1 L 2 1 A/ L 2 2 F

52-5 F

52- 22F

600 : 5
M 33 R

52121 L
12. 47 kV
50 : 5

11 T 87 A / SST 1

52-8 F

BAY 2

52- 09 F

BAY 3

52- 13 F

BAY 4

52 - 20F

BAY 9

52- 21F

BAY 10

11 B 87 A/ A 1 F

11 B 87 A/ A 2 F

52- 41 F

230 kV Bus A 1

230 kV Bus A 2

GOOSE

Wired Trip

Wired BFI

GOOSE Example: Summary


More than 700 wired signals (per system) involved in
the protection & control schemes have been
replaced by GOOSE messaging.
Significant reduction in wiring between panels and
buildings, that lowers the risk of bad connections.

Objects Example

SITE

SUBSTATION
VOLTAGE
LEVEL
BAY

PRIMARY
DEVICES

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