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I.
INTRODUCTION
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2nd IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon 08), December 1-3, 2008, Johor Baharu, Malaysia
III.
A.
Assumptions
(a)
(b)
Fig. 2. Satellite load profile in science mode. (a) 20% mission load
profile in science mode, (b) Mission load in 10% with 30deg. 2% with
56 deg. Roll, and 2% with 30deg. Pitch maneuver.
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2nd IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon 08), December 1-3, 2008, Johor Baharu, Malaysia
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
Fig. 5. Solar array offpoint angle. (a) SA offpoint angle in 10% with
30deg. and 2% with 56deg. roll mission @01:10PM: (b) SA offpoint
angle in 10% with 30deg. and 2% with 56deg. roll mission @01:25PM.
Fig. 6. Kmp
(1)
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2nd IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon 08), December 1-3, 2008, Johor Baharu, Malaysia
Step 4) Calculate the new PWM duty cycle (D) for PPT
D = Kmp x Vbat / Voc
Step 5) Command the new PWM duty cycle to SAR
The PPT algorithm to find maximum solar array power
using Eq. (1) is guaranteed in the range of normal
charging battery voltage. In the lower voltage of the
battery caused by some faults, the PPT algorithms can not
find solar array peak power efficiently. But the long time
duration of lower battery voltage could not be happen in
satellite power design. If any, the time is a few
milliseconds like as fuse blown in the PCU, freewheeling
diode and MOSFET short in the SAR.
Figure 7 shows the maximum SA power voltage (Vmp)
in PPT mode using EOL solar cell characteristic on orbit.
The PPT constant value for EOL power simulation was
applied to track maximum SA power. After eclipse, Vmp
reached about 50 volts and it decreased until around 40
volts in PPT operation mode during sunlight. In the PPT
operation mode, the SAR PWM duty cycle was analyzed
using power simulation.
And, it was illustrated in Fig. 8. After eclipse exit,
PWM is operating at 57.6% to track maximum power and
is going up till 75.1% in higher SA temperature. Fig. 9
shows the normalized solar array output with respect to
SAR switching duty cycles at 28deg.C of solar array.
D. Analysis Method
The suntime-dependent input data sets previously
described were entered into the EPS energy balance
computer program. The output of this program includes
an identification of the minimum amount of solar array
power required to achieve per-orbit safe battery recharge,
as well as the battery depth-of-discharge incurred during
eclipse.
IV.
CONCLUSION
Fig. 9. Normalized Solar Array Output vs. SAR Duty Cycle @28deg.C
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2nd IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon 08), December 1-3, 2008, Johor Baharu, Malaysia
Crossing Time
Satellite
Operation
SA Power
Generation(W)
Required
Power(W)
Power
Margin(%)
DOD(%)
Crossing Time
Satellite
Operation
SA Power
Generation(W)
Required
Power(W)
Power
Margin(%)
DOD(%)
01:10 PM
Roll
10%
2%
30deg.
56deg.
Pitch
2%
30deg.
1,050
1,050
1,050
1,050
984
946
995
820
6.7
10.9
5.5
28
Normal
20%
0deg.
26.67
26.67
26.67
01:25 PM
Roll
10%
2%
30deg.
56deg.
Pitch
2%
30deg.
1,050
1,050
1,050
1,050
988
950
1001
837
6.3
10.5
4.9
25.4
26.35
26.35
26.35
26.35
Normal
20%
0deg.
26.67
(a)
(b)
Fig. 12. Satellite load power, solar array, and battery performance
prediction with minimum required power.
REFERENCES
[1] W.J.Larson and J.R.Wertz, Space Mission Analysis
and Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
[2] Willard R. Scott, Sealed Cell Nickel Cadmium Battery
Application Manual, NASA, 1979.
[3] Mukund R. Patel, Spacecraft Power Systems, CRC
Press, 2005.
Fig. 11. Required power for science mode operation in 01:10PM and
01:25PM.
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