PAMM Proc. Appl. Math. Mech. 3, 314315 (2003) / DOI 10.1002/pamm.

200310429

Skrinar, M.

Bending design of reinforced concrete circular cross sections after EC2 standard for strain c2 smaller than 1.35 o /oo
The paper discusses the bending analysis of a concrete circular cross section using the bilinear stress distribution for
the design stress-strain relationship of the concrete according to the EC2 standard for the case when the absolute
maximal strain in the concrete does not exceed the value of 1.35o /oo
1. Computation of cross section of reinforcement

Figure 1: Circular cross section

The uniaxial bending analysis of concrete trapezoidal cross sections is based on the assumption of Bernoullishypothesis. In the bilinear stress-strain design diagram for the concrete given by the EC2 the margin between
the linear stress distribution and constant value of stress lies at the strain c =1.35o/oo in compression. The paper
focuses on the case when the absolute maximal strain in the concrete does not exceed the value of 1.35o /oo . The
stresses are expressed as a function of the distance from the top bre y and the strain value c2 at the top edge of
the compressive concrete zone:


c2
y
fcd
1000
(1)
c = 1
x
1.35
The volume of the actual stress body over the concrete area Acc above the neutral axis is thus obtained as :
 x
c b (y) dy

(2)

y=0

where the width of cross section is expressed as a function of the distance y as

b (y) =


2
R2 (R y)

(3)

The fullness factor v (the average value of concrete stresses m over Acc , related to the design concrete compressive
strength fcd ) is obtained by dividing the obtained result of Eq.(2) with the the cross section area of the concrete in
compression Acc :
Acc





x 2 R2 3 R x + x2
x
2

=
+ R Atn
2Rx
2 (2 R x) x

and fcd . The nal result can be written as:

20 c2 x n
v =
81 x d

(4)

(5)

Section 8: Computational mechanics

315

with the abbreviations:

n =




(2 R x) x 3 R2 2 R x + x2 6 R2 (R x) Atn

x
2Rx

(6)

and



d = x 2 R2 3 R x + x2 2 R2 2 R x Atn

x
2Rx

(7)

Similarly, the bending moment of stresses over the more strongly compressed edge of the compressive zone (top
bre) is obtained by the integral:
 x
c y b (y) dy
(8)
y=0

and coecient ka (the related distance of the concrete compression force from the more strongly compressed edge
of the compressive cross section) is obtained by dividing the obtained result by the resultant of compressive stresses
in concrete and the neutral axis depth x:
ka =

kn
4 x kd

(9)

where:
kn =




(2 R x) x 15 R3 7 R2 2 R x2 + 2 x3 6R3 (5 R 4 x)Atn

x
(10)
2Rx

and



kd = 2 R x 3 R2 2 R x + x2 6 R2 Atn

x
2Rx

(11)

The concrete has no tensile strenght and the stressess that develop below the neutral axis in the bending must
be covered by steel reinforcement. The area of reinforcement As1 is computed from equilibrium conditions: the
equilibrium of axial forces Eq. (12a) and the equilibrium of bending moments which can be written for an arbitrary
point, usually according to the centre of reinforcement Eq. (12b) and according to the centre of force in concrete Fc
Eq. (12c):
Acc v fcd As1 s1 = 0

Acc v fcd d MSd = 0

As1 s1 d MSd = 0

(12)

Eq.s (12b) and (12c) actually represent one equation, written in two dierent forms. The problem is reduced to the
selection of maximal strain in concrete c2 and consequently to the determination of strain in the steel reinforcement
s1 that will fulll both static equilibrium conditions from which the position of neutral axis x can be obtained. This
is usually done in an iterative process.
2. Conclusion
A circular cross section for the case c2 1.35 o /oo was analysed using the bilinear stress-strain relationship for the
concrete and the developments of analytical expressions for coecients v and ka are presented. These expressions
can be utilised in an iteration to computate of the required cross section of the reinforcement As1 . All the expressions
are given in closed analytical forms very suitable for computer programs.
3. References
1 ENV 1992-1-1: Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings (1991):

Matja
z Skrinar,University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Eng., Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.