TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Executive summary
2. Introduction to Training and Development
3. Importance of Training and Development
4. Need for the study

Title of the project

Statement of the problem

Purpose of the study

Scope of the study

Objectives of the study

5. Research methodology

Sampling plan

Area covered

Methodology

6. Data collection

Primary data

Secondary data

7. Data Analysis

Statistical tool

Statistical package

8. Limitation of the study

9. Theoretical aspects of training and development
10. Introduction to the company
11. Analysis and interpretation
12. Findings
13. Suggestions
14. Conclusion
15. Bibliography

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Telecommunication is a technology intensive industry with a high probability of
obsolescence. Our country has witnessed a number of technologies varying from magneto
exchanges to the modern New Technology Digital Switches. We have also seen changes
in the transmission technology starting from carrier systems to the DWDM systems
providing long distance circuits across the length and breadth of the country.
Telecommunications today is both a public utility and a vital infra-structure. Therefore an
in house training center is an essential institution for continuous training of the officers
and employees in this key technological field.
Training is a process through which a person enhances and develops his efficiency,
capacity and effectiveness at work by improving and updating his knowledge and
understanding the skills relevant to perform his or her job.
Training also helps a person cultivate appropriate and desired behavior and attitude
towards the work and people. Unless training is provided, the jobs and lives of employees
in organizations are at stake.
It gives people an awareness of the Rules & Procedures to guide their behavior. It is an
application of knowledge to improve the performance on the Current job or to prepare
one for an intended job.
Organization & individual for their survival & attainment of mutual goals should
develop & progress simultaneously; this can be done mainly through training technique
because training is the most important technique & it is a value addition to the
organization through Human Resource Development for the development of the
employee. The employee she/he been selected, placed & introduced in an organization
should be provided with training facilities in order to adjust & make them suitable for the
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Job as no organization can get a candidate who exactly matches with the job &
organizational requirements.

The trained employees are the valuable assets to any organization. Training at BSNL is
given when there is a difference between the job requirements & employees present
specifications. Thus employee training is the most important sub-system, specialized &
one of the fundamental operative functions of Human Resource Development.
Organizational efficiency, productivity, progress & development, also organization
viability, stability & growth to greater extent depend on training. If the required training
is not provided it leads to the performance failure of the employees. Training enhances
the Competence, Commitment, and Creativity & Contribution to the organization.
The first step in my study is to find out the effectiveness of training and development in
achieving the goals of the company, to study the different methods of training followed at
BSNL, The basis on which training programmees are planned and scheduled and how the
performance appraisal helps in identifying training needs.

The second step was data collection through various sources I used both primary and
secondary data for the study as both are quiet essential in any type of survey.
primary data was collected through survey and personal interview, whereas secondary
data made use of certain reports from the HRD department provided the information as to
the total no of employees, schedule of training programs, number of persons attending it
and other such things. The secondary data also included textbooks, company data,
internet.

The analysis of the questionnaire was carried out through which the purpose of the study
was served. The analysis was done by using statistical tool in which the study made use
of two test that is : frequency test and correlation.
These tests gave the clear idea about the most significant factors which are positively
correlated and those factors which are not so significant and are not positively correlated.
Hence it helped the study to identify the important factors which are quiet essential for
effective training and development in the organization.

This study gives a detailed idea about the employees attitude towards the training
program and how the employees apply the knowledge, skills and attitude in job
performance.

Therefore through the analysis the study could be interpreted that the training and
development programs are quiet effective but still needs to be improved on some of the
aspects mentioned above.

INTRODUCTION TO TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Human Resource Management is defined as the people who staff and manage
organization. It comprises of the functions and principles that are applied to retaining,
training, developing, and compensating the employees in organization. It is also
applicable to non-business organizations, such as education, healthcare, etc Human
Resource Management is defined as the set of activities, programs, and functions that are
designed to maximize both organizational as well as employee effectiveness

Scope of HRM without a doubt is vast. All the activities of employee, from the time of
his entry into an organization until he leaves, come under the horizon of HRM.The
divisions included in HRM are Recruitment, Payroll, Performance Management, Training
and Development, Retention, Industrial Relation, etc. Out of all these divisions, one such
important division is training and development.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT is a subsystem of an organization. It ensures that

randomness is reduced and learning or behavioral change takes place in structured
format.
TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACH OF TRAINING AND
DEVLOPMENT
Traditional Approach Most of the organizations before never used to believe in training.
They were holding the traditional view that managers are born and not made. There were
also some views that training is a very costly affair and not worth. Organizations used to
believe more in executive pinching. But now the scenario seems to be changing.

The modern approach of training and development is that Indian Organizations have
realized the importance of corporate training. Training is now considered as more of
retention tool than a cost. The training system in Indian Industry has been changed to
create a smarter workforce and yield the best results
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES
The principal objective of training and development division is to make sure the
availability of a skilled and willing workforce to an organization. In addition to that, there
are four other objectives: Individual, Organizational, Functional, and Societal.
Individual Objectives help employees in achieving their personal goals, which in turn,
enhances the individual contribution to an organization.
Organizational Objectives assist the organization with its primary objective by bringing
individual effectiveness.

Functional Objectives maintain the departments contribution at a level suitable to the

organizations needs.
Societal Objectives ensure that an organization is ethically and socially responsible to
the needs and challenges of the society.

Importance of Training and Development

Optimum Utilization of Human Resources Training and Development helps in
optimizing the utilization of human resource that further helps the employee to achieve
the organizational goals as well as their individual goals.
Development of Human Resources Training and Development helps to provide an
opportunity and broad structure for the development of human resources technical and
behavioral skills in an organization. It also helps the employees in attaining personal
growth.
Development of skills of employees Training and Development helps in increasing the
job knowledge and skills of employees at each level. It helps to expand the horizons of
Human intellect and an overall personality of the employees.
Productivity Training and Development helps in increasing the productivity of the
employees that helps the organization further to achieve its long-term goal.
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 Team spirit Training and Development helps in inculcating the sense of team work,
team spirit, and inter-team collaborations. It helps in inculcating the zeal to learn within
the employees.
Organization Culture Training and Development helps to develop and improve the
organizational health culture and effectiveness. It helps in creating the learning culture
within the organization.
Organization Climate Training and Development helps building the positive
perception and feeling about the organization. The employees get these feelings from
leaders, subordinates, and peers.

Quality Training and Development helps in improving upon the quality of work and
work-life.
Healthy work-environment Training and Development helps in creating the healthy
working environment. It helps to build good employee, relationship so that individual
goals aligns with organizational goal.
Health and Safety Training and Development helps in improving the health and safety
of the organization thus preventing obsolescence.
Morale Training and Development helps in improving the morale of the work force.
Image Training and Development helps in creating a better corporate image.
Profitability Training and Development leads to improved profitability and more
positive attitudes towards profit orientation.

 Training and Development aids in organizational development i.e. Organization gets

more effective decision making and problem solving. It helps in understanding and
carrying out organisational policies
Training and Development helps in developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty,
better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display.

Training in Public Sector

Indian Public Sector is passing through massive changes due to advancement in science
and technology and competition from private sector. India has nearly one-sixth of the
world's population. This over abundant human resource needs to be converted to asset.
This is possible only through proper training and development. The former Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhi rightly sensed this need and had established a separate Ministry
for Human Resource Development in 1985. He stressed on the development of human
resources and because of his initiatives, training had taken a front seat in the national
economy. Later on, most of the PSEs realized the need and importance of training their
employees for better and improved results. The human resource development approach is
essential in order to have the optimum utilization of manpower for the benefit of both, the
employees and the organization.
After opening up of the economy, there has been tremendous amount of pressure on the
PSEs to increase productivity of their employees on one hand and reduce surplus
manpower on the other. PSEs have found out the route to reduce their manpower strength
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by adopting Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS). The biggest challenge in VRS is to

safeguard talent drain. Talented employees see this as an opportunity and are moving
away from PSEs in search of high paid jobs in private and multinational companies,
which leads to scarcity of trained manpower. On the one side they get lump sum
compensation package by opting for VRS and on the other side they will be attracted by
MNCs and other private sector enterprises (The Indian Express, January 25, 2001;
Business Line, June 08, 2000; www.syndicatebank.com). Nearly 40% of the employees
in Reliance Petroleum were drawn from the public sector (Vittal, 2001). This again
emphasizes the need and importance of training and employee retention in PSEs.
Research conducted by TVRLS on VRS also proves that good outside opportunity is one
of the important reasons for employees opting for VRS (www.tvrls.com).
Government of India promoted PSEs to fulfill the social objectives since the time of the
first Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru. As a result, reservation for socially and
educationally weaker sections of the society was introduced in public sector jobs. The
government has banned de-reservation of vacancies meant for the reserved categories
since 1989 and reservation for other backward classes were introduced in 1993. Now
PSEs are required to recruit up to 50% of their manpower from the reserved categories. In
the event of candidates from reserved categories not meeting the required standards,
reserved seats are filled after relaxing the standards (Naik, 1998). This is another reason
to concentrate more on training and development activities in PSEs and to provide proper
training and development opportunities to persons recruited on relaxed standards, so that
they can come up on par with the required standards.
In the year 2000, 11th Finance Commission emphasized that the second phase of
structural reforms should concentrate on the extensive restructuring of PSEs. This
restructuring should not only give PSEs the same benefits of autonomy and freedom as
the private sector, but also free them from the shackles of ministries from which they
originally emerged. In one of its recommendations, this Commission said that it a public
sector enterprise fails to demonstrate its sustainability and cannot come out of the zone of
chronic losses after five years of structurally reformed existence, it should be sold of at

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whatever price it can fetch. This further emphasized the need for training and
development in PSEs to improve their performance. (Sudhman, 2000)

IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING AT TELECOM SECTOR

Telecom is one of the fastest growing sectors in India with a growth of 21% and revenue
of Rs 86,720 crore in the year 2006. The sector is expected to grow over 150% by 2012.
With increase in competition between the major players like BSNL, MTNL, Hutchison
Essar, BPL, Idea, Bharti Tele services, Tata, etc, the requirement for mobile analysts,
software engineers, and hardware engineers for mobile handsets has increased. However,
holding an engineering degree is not enough to survive in the Telecom Sector. There is
constant need of updating of knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
With this rapid growth in Telecom Sector, the need for trained professionals in bound to
rise and so is the training need. The total training market in Telecom Sector is estimated
to Rs 400 crore.
Many top players are spending a huge amount on training and development, for example
BSNL alone spends more than 100 crore on training and development of its employees
through the Advanced Level Telecommunications Training Centre (ALTTC) and 43 other
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regional training institutes. Reliance has also established Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of
Information and Communication Technology. In addition to that, Bharti has also tied-up
with IIT Delhi for the Bharti School of Telecommunication Technology and
Management.
With the increase in competition, availability of huge amount of information through
internet, magazines, newspapers, TV, etc, and increased awareness among customers, the
demand to impart proper training in non-technological areas like customer care and
marketing has increased too.
Rapid technological changes, network security threat, mobile application development,
growing IP deployment in the sector have brought back the training and development in
the priority catalog.
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AT Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL)
DoT-BSNL MoU: Training of minimum 20% BSNL officials-: BSNL has signed MoU
with DoT vide which at least 20% staff has to imparted training in 2006-07. To achieve
this, all BSNL units have been asked to fix the target to train 25% of their staff &
officers. The training report has to be compiled under various heads such as indu ction,
seminar, workshop, behavior & Attitudinal etc.
Computerized Training Management System at ALTTC: This system with online
nomination facility has been made operational after clearance by IT cell of BSNL. This
software eases the process of nomination by SSAs, Circles and other BSNL units, as it is
a paperless system with capability of online nomination & approval. A-circular and
approved nomination list are available online. Through online post training evaluation
module Trainees and their controlling officers can give their feedback regarding
effectiveness of the training. In the last two months many BSNL units have started
reaping the benefit of this system.

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E-learning implementation: Keeping pace with technological changes, leveraging the

IT infrastructure, e-learning methodology is being put in place at major training centers
of BSNL.
JTO Induction program: BSNL corporate office has approved the JTO Induction
Training Structure & Syllabus vide its letter no 4-1/04/Trg dated 23/6/2006.
Field courses: It is always the endeavor of ALTTC to take all possible steps to meet the
training needs of BSNL family. Many times BSNL Circles have special need for
customized trainings. ATTC is always willing to conduct customized field
course/programs as per the need of BSNL field units. Circle HQ of field units may write
to CGM ALTTC for such requests. Summary of field programs conducted by ALTCC in
the last quarter is given for reference.
Training of all BSNL officials in Customer interface on GSM & Broadband: BSNL
Corporate office has directed ALTTC to conduct courses on training of trainers for all
RTTC/CTTC so that training on GSM & broadband is disseminated to all BSNL officials
working in positions of customer interface. The feature of this training is not just
technical inputs but also the focus on information from customers point of view. One
batch of trainers has already been trained in GSM & Broadband. Two more batches will
be trained soon.
Behavior and Attitude revitalization Training: BSNL corporate office has reiterated
its drive to train all BSNL executives in this program vide its letter 2-4/05-Trg dated
5/1/2006.
Panel of volunteers for posting in ALTTC, Ghaziabad,

BRBRAITT, Jabalpur and

NATFM, Hyderabad: BSNL Corporate office has again sought applications of willing
officers having B.Tech & MBA qualification for -JAG/ DEs/ SDEs /TTS Group B &
Group A officers its letter NO.22-6/2005 - Trg Dated: 21.3.2006

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Training Methods At Bharatiya Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL)

a) Seminars & Workshops
The institute conducts seminars on the latest topics in new telecommunication
technologies. The institute also conducts workshops on important topics concerning DoT.
For the seminars and workshops luminaries from leading technical organisations and
academic institutions are called.
b) Induction Training
The induction training is imparted in various disciplines for the newly recruited staff as a
pre-job training. The cadres for which the training is given in the training centre are
ADET (Probationers), Asstt. Manager (Probationers)(Telecom Factory) , Junior
Engineers (Telecom Factories) and Junior Accounts Officers.
c) Inservice Training
The purpose of inservice training is to give the necessary knowledge and know how
about the new systems/technologies inducted into the network from time to time. The
institute offers in-service training in latest technologies and techniques. JTO
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specialization batches conducted are a part of in-service training. The courses are
monitored continuously and the utility of these in-service courses is assessed from time to
time and courses which are not in demand are weeded out and new courses are
introduced.
d) Field Training Programmes
Considering the need to update the knowledge and skills of the technical maintenance
personnel in specific disciplines of technology from time to time, a system of short-term
practical oriented training programmes has been developed by this institute. For
conducting these courses the trainers go to the field stations. These programmes called
Field Training Programmes (FTPs) are for a maximum of 5 days duration and conducted
with the help of the equipment available in the field. Besides training the lower staff on
job, this also helps the trainers getting acquainted with the day to day problems in the
field which can later be taken care of in the training modules being developed in the
Training Centre.

Infrastructure
In the main building all the administrative offices, class rooms and laboratories etc. are
housed. There are several faculties viz. Electronic Switching I (OCB - 283, E-10B),
Electronic Switching -II (C-DOT, ILT, NEAX), Radio Transmission, Transmission lines,
Telecom External Plant, Computer, ITMS. The technical faculties are supported by the
three sections namely Programming, Works and Administration.
There are 15 class rooms for lecture sessions fully equipped with facilities like
overhead/slide projectors.
There are 66 laboratories for practicals. They are equipped with a wide variety of latest
technology telecommunication equipments like OCB-283, E-10B, C-DOT 512P, ILT
512P, Digital Microwave, Optical Fibre, V-SAT, Digital UHF, EKB & EKBC, SFMS,
Local Area Network, Pentium/486 computers, Window based PC software , Commercial
service and other latest software.
The Support facilities for teaching/labs, available in the BRBRAITT are :
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i) A big library having about 32189 books and 236 technical journals.
ii) A Video lab, equipped with sound proof studio, editing video and audio chain &
Computerised video animation.
iii) Instructional Technology (I.T.) lab fully equipped with micro teaching equipment like
Video Cameras, TV monitors, VCRs etc.
iv) Desk Top Publishing unit fully equipped with Computers, Laser Printers, Scanner,
where the text processing of course material / handouts is done.
v) A seminar hall with a capacity of about 40 participants fully equipped with P.A.
system, Video and Computer projector on a wide screen and slide/tape projector.
vi) Screening room with facility for projecting 16 mm films and video films with a
capacity of 25 audience.
vii) An Audio Visual hall for bigger gatherings upto 200 persons for A/V programmes
and cultural functions.

TRAINING FACILITIES
The institute plays a key role in human resource development for telecom services. To
make the training effective, a good infrastructure of well equipped laboratories with
experienced teaching staff has been provided. The equipments are in live condition and
the trainees are free to handle the same to have clear concepts about the working of the
system. It is always endeavoured that the personnel trained should gain such knowledge
and skill that they are in a position to install, operate and maintain the systems without
any difficulty after completion of the training.
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Keeping in view the rapid development in telecom technologies throughout the world,
new labs are being added to the training centre. These are installed and commissioned by
the faculty members. Each lab is maintained by a S.D.E. with the help of J.T.Os.

TRAINING PLANNING
The training opportunities outlined here allow you and your subordinates to develop
knowledge and skills which are consistent with departmental goals and career plans. As
individual training needs are identified, the subordinate should be an integral part of the
planning process.
As a preliminary step in planning a complete training program, you should seek answers
to the following questions.
What are the job requirements ?
What past training, job experience and/or education contributes to job performance ?
What performance deficiencies or problems could be attributed to a lack of knowledge
and / or skills ?
What related job functions would be useful to know ?
In what areas is knowledge needed in order to develop potential for future assignments ?
Answers to these questions should provide you with sufficient information to identify
training requirements. As part of the planning process, you should perform the following
activities :
Step 1 : Identify the areas in which training is needed.
Step 2 : Determine which courses address those needs.
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Step 3 : Determine pre-requisites and ensure that they are met.

Step 4 : Map out the appropriate sequence of courses to be taken.
Step 5 : Document training planned and scheduled.
Step 6 : Schedule of training.

REGISTRATION PROCEDURE FOR THE COURSES

The Course Directory 1999 gives the necessary information about the various training
courses planned to be conducted in the different RTTCs & BRBRAITT Jabalpur.
The HRD officers of the Telecom Circles are requested to assess the training needs of
their circles and submit to this office the consolidated requirements of seats for each
course, for the entire year 1999 with specific remarks that how many candidates can be
spared at a time for each batch. The requirement of seats from your Circle must reach this
office before 31.12.98 if not submitted earlier.
Requirements received from subordinate Units/Minor Telecom District/SSAs of your
Circle will not be considered for allotment.
Seats are allotted to your Circle for each course through separate allotment orders called
'A' Circular which are normally released three months in advance to the actual dates of
commencement of each batch. You may depute the participants for the respective courses
after the fulfillment of various conditions as laid down in the allotment orders and
confirmation of the nomination in 'B' Circular.
For trainees from other Departments and organisations in non DOT a fee of
Rs. 10,950/- per trainee per week excluding boarding and lodging shall be charged. The
lodging charges are Rs. 100/- to 200/- per bed per day & are likely to be revised. For
18

foreign trainees a fee of U.S. Dollar 650 (six hundred fifty U.S. Dollar only) per trainee
per week excluding boarding and lodging shall be charged. For boarding and lodging
charging will be done separately. In addition charges for study tours outside Jabalpur are
also payable. (The above rates are under revision and latest rates may be checked at the
time of nomination of candidates).

LOCATION OF REGIONAL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRES OF BSNL

Ahmedabad

Bhubaneshwar

Chennai

Guwahati

Hyderabad

Jaipur

Kalyani

Lucknow

Mysore

Nagpur

Patna

Pune

Rajpura

Thiruvanathapura

m
LOCATION OF CIRCLE TELECOM TRAINING CENTRES OF BSNL
Ahmedabad

Bhopal

Bhubaneshwar

Calcutta

Chennai

Guwahati

Jaipur

Jammu

Kakinada

Kurukshetra

Lucknow

Mysore

Meerut

Nasik

Patna

Rajpura

Shillong

Sunder Nagar

Thiruvanantpuram
LOCATION OF DISTRICT TELECOM TRAINING CENTRES OF BSNL
Ahmedabad

Bangalore

Calcutta

Chhenai

Hyderabad

Pune

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OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING:
Preparing both the old & new employees to meet the present as well
as the changing requirements of the job & the organization.
Preventing obsolescence.
Preparing employees for the higher-level tasks.
Ensuring smooth & efficient working of the department.
Ensuring economical output of the required quality.
Imparting knowledge & skills for new entrants.
Induction
Updating
Preparing for future assignments
Competency development

CLASSIFICATION OF TRAINING:

There are a number of training methods available; Use of a particular method

depends on the type of trainees viz. worker, supervisor and manager. Basically these
methods can be classified into following categories:
1.Induction training:
Here, training is given to newly joined employees. The main objective of this
training is to give an idea to the employee about the particular work. It is concerned with
orienting a new employee to a new environment.
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2.On-the-job training:
Here, the individual is placed on a regular job and taught the skills necessary to
perform that job. The trainee learns under the supervision and guidance of a qualified
worker or instructor. It gives first hand knowledge and experience under the actual
working conditions.
3.Apprenticeship training:
Apprenticeship training is normally given to artisans, electricians, plumbers and a
like. The duration is mainly 6 months to 2 years; this is carried out under the guidance
and intimate supervision of master craftsman, expert worker and supervisor. During
training period the trainee is paid less than that of a qualified worker.
4.Job Rotation:
This involves the movement of the trainee from one job to another. The trainee
receives job knowledge and gains experience from his supervisor or trainer in each of the
different job assignments. This method gives an opportunity to the trainee to
understand the problems of employees on other jobs.
5.Coaching:
The trainee is placed under a particular supervisor who functions as a coach in
training the individuals. The supervisor provides feedback to the trainee on his
performance and offers him some suggestions for improvements. But the trainee may not
have the freedom or opportunity to express his own ideas.
6.Job Instruction:
This method is also known as training through step by step. The trainer explains
to the trainee the way of doing the jobs, job knowledge and skills and allows him to do
the job.

The trainer appraises the performance of the trainee, provides feedback

information and corrects the trainee.

7.Committee Assignments:
A group of trainees are given and asked to solve an actual organizational problem.
The trainees solve the problem jointly. It develops teamwork.
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8.Off the job training:

The trainee is separated from the job situation and his attention is focused upon
learning the material related to his future job performance. Since the trainee is not
distracted by job requirements, he can place his entire concentration on learning the job
rather than spending his time in performing it. There is an opportunity for freedom of
expression for the trainees.
9.Vestibule training:
Actual work conditions are simulated in the classroom.

Material, files and

equipments, which are used in actual job performance, are also used in training. This
type of training is commonly used for training personal for clerical and semi-skilled jobs.
Theory can be related to practice in this method.
10.Role-playing:
It is a method of human interactions that involves realistic behavior in imaginary
situations. This method of training involves certain characters. This method is mostly
used for developing inter-personal interactions and relations.
11.Lecture Method:
The instructor organizes the material and gives it to a group of trainees in the form
of a talk. To be effective, the lecture must motivate and create interest among the
trainees. This method is direct and can be used for a large group of trainees. Costs and
time involved are reduced.
12.Conference or discussion:
This method involves a group of people who pose ideas, examine and share facts,
ideas and data, test assumptions and draw conclusions, which contribute to the
improvement of job performance.

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13.Programmed instruction:
The subject matter to be learned is presented in a series of carefully planned
sequential units.

These units are arranged from simple to more complex levels of

instruction. The trainee goes through these units by answering questions or filling the
blanks.
14.Internship Training:
Here, the organization makes arrangements with technical institutes to get its
employees duly trained in the latest theoretical knowledge and other developments
relating to trade, this training is provided to the employee in such a way as to bring
balance between theory and practice.
15.Professional skill training:
Here, training is given to Professional staff such as Accountants, Surveyors,
Auditors, and Architects etc. Organization provides this training to newly joined
professionals to gain the

professional qualification and it is also given to the existing

professionals.

HOW TO MAKE TRAINING EFFECTIVE:

Determine the training needs through job description, performance appraisal,
potential appraisal and discussion with employees.
Prepare a training calendar in discussion with the managers concerned.
Define the training objectives specifically.
Select the efficient faculty
FACTORS INFLUENCING TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT:

Top management support

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Commitment from specialists and generalists

Technological advances

Organizational complexity

Learning principles

Difference between Training and Development

Training
1. Training is often referred to as
importing specific skills.
2. The focus is on improvement in
performance after training.
3. The impact of training be
experienced and assessed by the
organization.
4. Usually, administrative, supervisory
and technical workforce may be
exposed to training program.

Development
1.

Development on the other hand

is often focused at overall
development of personality.
2. 2.They focus on aspects like
leadership skills, managing teams,
problem solving, decision making ,
people skills, time management, etc.

Models of Training and Development

Training is a sub-system of the organization because the departments such as, marketing
& sales, HR, production, finance, etc depends on training for its survival. Training is a
transforming process that requires some input and in turn it produces output in the form
of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs).
THE TRAINING SYSTEM

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A System is a combination of things or parts that must work together to perform a

particular function. An organization is a system and training is a sub system of the
organization. The System Approach views training as a sub system of an organization.
System Approach can be used to examine broad issues like objectives, functions, and
aim. It establishes a logical relationship between the sequential stages in the process of
training need analysis (TNA), formulating, delivering, and evaluating. There are 4
necessary inputs i.e. technology, man, material, time required in every system to produce
products or services. And every system must have some output from these inputs in order
to survive. The output can be tangible or intangible depending upon the organizations
requirement. A system approach to training is planned creation of training program. This
approach uses step-by-step procedures to solve the problems. Under systematic approach,
training is undertaken on planned basis. Out of this planned effort, one such basic model
of five steps is system model that is explained below. Organization are working in open
environment i.e. there are some internal and external forces, that poses threats and
opportunities, therefore, trainers need to be aware of these forces which may impact on
the content, form, and conduct of the training efforts. The internal forces are the various
demands of the organization for a better learning environment; need to be up to date with
the latest technologies.

GENERAL BENEFITS

FROM

EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND

DEVELOPMENT
There are numerous sources of online information about training and development.
Several of these sites (they're listed later on in this library) suggest reasons for
supervisors to conduct training among employees. These reasons include:

Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees

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Increased employee motivation

Increased efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain

Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods

Increased innovation in strategies and products

Reduced employee turnover

Enhanced company image, e.g., conducting ethics training (not a good reason for
ethics training!)

Risk management, e.g., training about sexual harassment, diversity.

THE PROCESS OF TRAININ AND DEVELOPMENT

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INDUSTRY PROFILE
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, India Communications Corporation
Limited) is a public sector communications company in India. It is the largest
telecommunication company in India and the sixth largest in the world[citation needed]. Its
headquarters are at Bharat Sanchar Bhawan, Harish Chandra Mathur Lane, Janpath, New
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Delhi. It has the status of Mini-ratana - a status assigned to reputed Public Sector
companies in India.
BSNL is India's oldest and largest Communication Service Provider (CSP). Currently
BSNL has a customer base of 65.3 million (Basic & Mobile telephony). It has footprints
throughout India except for the metropolitan cities of Mumbai and New Delhi which are
managed by MTNL. As on July 31, 2007 BSNL commanded a customer base of 32.7
million Wireline, 3.7 million CDMA-WLL and 28.9 million GSM Mobile subscribers.
BSNL's earnings for the Financial Year ending March 31, 2007 stood at INR 397.15b
(US$ 9.67 b) with net profit of INR 78.06b (US$ 1.90 billion). Today, BSNL is India's
largest Telco and one of the largest Public Sector Undertaking of the country with
authorized share capital of US$ 4.26 billion (INR 17,500 Crores) and assets of US$ 14.74
billion.
The foundation of Telecom Network in India was laid by the British sometime in 19th
century. The history of BSNL is linked with the beginning of Telecom in India. In 19th
century and for almost entire 20th century, the Telecom in India was operated as a
Government of India wing. Earlier it was part of erstwhile Post & Telegraph Department
(P&T). In 1975 the Department of Telecom (DoT) was separated from P&T. DoT was
responsible for running of Telecom services in entire country until 1985 when Mahanagar
Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) was carved out of DoT to run the telecom services of
Delhi and Mumbai. It is a well known fact that BSNL was carved out of Department of
Telecom to provide level playing field to private telecoms.Subsequently in 1990s the
telecom sector was opened up by the Government for Private investment, therefore it
became necessary to separate the Government's policy wing from Operations wing. The
Government of India corporatised the operations wing of DoT on October 01, 2000 and
named it as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).BSNL operates as a public sector.
Employment at BSNL
BSNL's employee base comprises of more than 3,57,000 telecom engineers and
professionals.

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BSNL's Work Culture

Teamwork, leadership, motivation, etc. are the management principles followed at BSNL.
The entire staff is divided in four groups.
Board of Directors
BOD of BSNL consists of 6 members.
Employee distribution at BSNL

Key Players In Indian Telecom Industry:

1) Reliance Communications Limited
2) Bharti Airtel Limited
3) BSNL
4) MTNL
5) Hutchison Essar
6) Ericsson
7) Nokia
8) Siemens Communications
9) Idea Cellular Limited
10) Tata Teleservices

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CHALLENGES
During Financial Year 2006-2007 (From April 01, 2006 to March 31, 2007) BSNL has
added 9.6 million new customers in various telephone services taking its customer base to
64.8 million. BSNL's nearest competitor Bharti Airtel is standing at a customer base of 39
million. However, despite impressive growth shown by BSNL in recent times, the Fixed
line customer base of BSNL is declining. In order to woo back its fixed-line customers
BSNL has brought down long distance calling rate under OneIndia plan, however, the
success of the scheme is not known. However, BSNL faces bleak fiscal 2006-2007 as
users flee, which has been accepted by the CMD BSNL.

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Presently there is an intense competition in Indian Telecom sector and various Telcos are
rolling out attractive schemes and are providing good customer services. However, BSNL
being legacy operator and its conversion from a Government Department, earns lot of
criticism for its poor customer service. Although in recent past there have been
tremendous improvement in working of BSNL but still it is much below the Industry's
Expectations. A large aging (average age 49 years(appx)) workforce (300,000 strong),
which is mostly semi-illetrate or illeterate is the main reason for the poor customer
service. Further, the Top management of BSNL is still working in BSNL on deputation
basis holding Government employee status thus having little commitment to the
organisation. Although in coming years the retirement profile of the workforce is very
fast and around 25% of existing workforce will retire by 2010, however, still the
workforce will be quite large by the industry standards. Quality of the workforce will also
remain an issue.
Access Deficit Charges (ADC, a levy being paid by the private operators to BSNL for
provide service in non-lucarative areas especially rural areas) has been slashed by 37%
by TRAI, w.e.f. April 01, 2007.The reduction in ADC may hit the bottomlines of BSNL.

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BSNL is in the process of commissioning of a world class, multi-gigabit, multi-protocol,

convergent IP infrastructure through National Internet Backbone-II (NIB-II), that will
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provide convergent services through the same backbone and broadband access network.
The Broadband service will be available on DSL technology (on the same copper cable
that is used for connecting telephone), on a countrywide basis spanning 198 cities.
In terms of infrastructure for broadband services NIB-II would put India at par with more
advanced nations. The services that would be supported includes always-on broadband
access to the Internet for residential and business customers, Content based services,
Video multicasting, Video-on-demand and Interactive gaming, Audio and Video
conferencing, IP Telephony, Distance learning, Messaging: plain and feature rich, Multisite MPLS VPNs with Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. The subscribe will be able to
access the above services through Subscriber Service Selection System (SSSS) portal.

Key Objectives
To provide high speed Internet connectivity (upto 8 Mbps)

To provide Virtual Private Network (VPN) service to the broadband customers

To provide dial VPN service to MPLS VPN customers.

To provide multicast video services, video-on-demand, etc. through the

Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS).

To provide a means to bill for the aforesaid services by either time-based or

volume-based billing. It shall provide the customer with the option to select the
services through web server

To provide both pre-paid and post paid broadband services

Technical Capability of the Backbone

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The Broadband Service will be given through the state of the art Multi Protocol
Label Switching (MPLS) based IP Infrastructure, which is designed to provide reliable
routes to cover all possible destinations within and outside the country. Layer 1 of the
network will consist of a high speed Backbone comprising of 24 powerful Core Routers
connected with high speed 2.5 Gbps(STM-16) links. The routers are located on the
national DWDM network interfacing at STM-16 optical level to provide for high
transmission speeds.
Advantage of MPLS over other Technologies
MPLS VPN is a technology that allows a service provider like BSNL to have
complete control over parameters that are critical to offering its customers service
guarantees with regard to bandwidth throughputs, latencies and availability.
Services available through Broadband

High speed Internet Access: This is the always-on Internet access service with
speed ranging from 256 kbps to 8 Mbps.

Bandwidth on Demand: This will facilitate customer to change bandwidth as per

his / her requirement. For example a customer with 256 kbps can change to 1
Mbps during the video Conferencing session.

Multicasting: This is to provide video multicast services for application in

distance education, telemedicine etc

Dial VPN Service: This service allows remote users to access their private
network securely over the NIB-II infrastructure.

Video and Audio Conferencing:

Content based Services: Like Video on Demand, Interactive Gaming, Live and
time shifted TV

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Services Provided By Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL)

BSNL LANDLINE

PHONE PLUS SERVICE

NEW TELEPHONE CONNECTION

PERMANENT CONNECTION

CONCESSION IN RENTALS

SHIFT OF TELEPHONE

TRANSFER OF TELEPHONE

TELEPHONE TARIFF

BSNL MOBILE

POSTPAID

PREPAID

UNIFIED MESSAGING

GPRS/WAP/MMS

DEMOs

TARIFF

SMS & BULK SMS

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INTERNET SERVICES

NETWORK

BROADBAND

TYPES OF ACCESS

WI-FI

CO-LOCATION SERVICE

BSNL WEB HOSTING

INTERNET TARIFF

DIAL UP INTERNET

SMS& BULK SMS

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BSNL BROADBAND

REGISTER ONLINE

TARIFF

FAQ

CHECK USAGE

BSNL MPLS-VPN

ISDN

ISDN

TARIFF

FINDINGS

Training helps to increase productivity and achieve the goals of the

organization

Training programs are well planned in the organization.

The training given in organization is not of sufficient duration.

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The training programs are not evaluated periodically.

The training programs strongly focus on technical and managerial

capabilities..

The training programs are not given adequate importance due to the
work pressure in the organization.

Employees attitude towards the training programs is casual/informal.

There is no involvement of employees in determining the training need

analysis.

The quality of training programs in the organization is excellent..

The training programs are well designed and widely shared in the
organization.

More priority is given for on the job trainings than the value addition
programs like motivation, stress management, group dynamics.

SUGGESTION
Employees should decide and determine the training programs that they need so
that they can work more effectively and efficiently, employees should decide
some of the training they would like to undergo.

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 The HR department should conduct briefing and debriefing sessions for

employees for Training as to give them an idea as to why this training is been
conducted and what they have to learn in the training program conducted and also
after training completion they should take a feedback as to how effective was the
training so that the necessary improvements in training programs can be
considered and implemented.

Apart from on-job training programs the HR Department should conduct constant
value addition programs such as Time management, Stress management trainings,
group dynamics, grievance redressal, these will help to add value and is also
essential in todays business scenario.

Performance of every employee undergone training should be evaluated so as to

get Improved quality of training activities, Improve ability of the trainers to relate
inputs to output know their understanding about the training programme
conducted
Training program should evaluate the abilities, competencies and potentials of the
trainees for a particular job or work skills.

It should aim to narrow down the gap between expected level of performance and
the actual level of performance.
It should provide new recruits or trainees a scientific pace for imbibing the
knowledge and skills required to discharge their duties

and responsibilities

meaningfully and purposefully.

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 The company should conduct training programs at regular intervals, which helps
the employees to enhance their knowledge for their current jobs.
The company should design the training program based on the current
requirement, which includes development of technical skills, personality
development, time management, computer knowledge etc.
The training session should be made more interactive and participative so that
trainees and trainer are in constant interaction

CONCLUSION

According to the study conducted we can conclude that the overall satisfaction level of
employees in relation to the training programs is moderate.
the employees agree that the training programs helps to increase productivity and achieve
the organizational goal.

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The employees said that the training programs in the organization are well planned but
they are not satisfied with the duration of the training program and the are also not
satisfied with the evaluation process of training program, they are not evaluated
periodically.
The training programs in the organization strongly focus on the technical and managerial
capabilities but these programs are not given adequate importance sometimes because of
the work pressure.
The employees do not take the training programs seriously, as there are no strict rules and
regulations to attend the training programs.
The employees are not involved in determining the training need analysis. The training
programs are fixed by the top management.

The quality of the training programs is excellent but the employees are not making the
best use of it.
Therefore we can conclude that the training programs in the organization are excellent
but they have been not utilized properly by the employees as the training programs are
not mad compulsory to all the departments. There is a broader scope to develop and
improve its training programs in future in order to meet the requirements of the global
market
BIBLOGRAPHY
Books:
Human Resources Management by Gary Dessler

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Websites

http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com

http://www.google.com

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