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500 MW
C1
C1
A1
155kVRMSLL /_0
380kVRMSLL /_0
A1
C2
C2
155kVRMSLL /_0
500 MW
D1
D1
155kVRMSLL /_0
1000 MW
B4
B1
380kVRMSLL /_0
E1
B1
B5
E1
155kVRMSLL /_0
Vdc control
100 MW
B2
B6
B3
F1
F1
B2
B3
155kVRMSLL /_0
1500 MW
1500 MW
500 MW
April 3, 2012
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
01. HVDC Grid Context & Requirements
02. Available models in EMTP-RV
03. Next step : HVDC Grid CIGRE Benchmark
01
HVDC Grids
Context and requirements
HVDC Grids
Context
New contraints
Technologies opportunities
VSC HVDC Transmission well suited to DC Grid : change of power direction does not
require a change of polarity
Smaller footprint of VSC well suited to offshore platform
HVDC Grids
Concepts
HVDC Grids
Main challenges
Power flow control
DC Grids modeling
Rte involvement
TWENTIES : European R&D project
http://www.twenties-project.eu
Rte proposed and developed in EMTP-RV a HVDC grid model
A scale-down HVDC grid prototype will be built in 2012 and connected to a real-time
simulator
02
Available models
HVDC Grid
Test System Description
Station_1
SYS1
BKR1
BKI
CBL_100km
Station_2
BKIp
p
n
BKIIp
AC
WindFarm1
R1P
p
n
BKIV
S2
+ VM
?v
S1
+ VM
?v
CBL_50km
CBL_75km
600 MW
Station_4
BKR2
CBL_25km
BKII
SYS2
BKIVp
Station_3
p
n
S3
+ VM
?v
S4
+ VM
?v
Station_5
S5
+ VM
?v
WindFarm3
BKIII
p
n
1000 MW
AC
400 MW
CBL_100km
1000 MW
WindFarm2
BKB
p
n
BKIIIp
AC
R1N
1000 MW
AC
SW1
+
-1|1E15|0
AC
Cables
10
11
Available models
Full detailed model
Description from converter topologies to semi conductors
p
iub
SM-1
vsua
SM-1
SM-2
SM-400
SM-400
SM-400
va
vsla
12
vc
ic
S2
K2
Vd
0.8
SM-1
SM-1
SM-1
SM-2
SM-2
SM-2
SM-400
ilb
K1
Ls
Ls
SM-400
ila
Ls
vb
Ls
+
vci
SM-2
Ls
ib
S1
SM-1
SM-2
Ls
ia
iuc
SM-400
SubModule
Multivalve
Arm
ilc
Voltage (V)
iua
RLC +
Id
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
1000
2000
3000
Current (A)
4000
5000
6000
Available models
Detailed equivalent models
A solution to limit electrical nodes in converter
Id
iua
iub
iMV t
iuc
SM-1
SM-1
vSM _ eq t T
SM-1
SM-2
SM-2
SM-400
SM-400
SM-400
Vd
SM-400
ilb
SM-400
Multivalve
Arm
ilc
vSM _ 2 t
req _ 2 t
DC_MINUS
vSM _ 4 t
req _ 4 t
req _ 4 t
vSM _ 6 t
req _ 5 t
req _ 2 t
req _ 5 t
AC
c
b
a
req _ 6 t
req _ 3 t
vSM _ 5 t
SM-2
req _ 3 t
req _ 6 t
SM-2
vSM _ 3 t
SM-2
SM-1
req _1 t
SM-1
SubModule
req _1 t
vSM _1 t
SM-1
SM-400
ila
Ls
Ls
DC_PLUS
Ls
vsla
13
vc
ic
vb
ib
va
ia
Ls
Ls
Ls
rSM _ eq t
SM-2
vsua
vSM t
Available models
Average value model
vsuc
vsub
vsua
iua
iub
SM-1
SM-1
SM-2
SM-2
SM-2
vb
vc
SM-400
SM-400
SM-400
SM-1
SM-2
SM-2
SM-2
14
SM-400
SM-400
SubModule
Multivalve
Arm
ilc
SM-1
Ic
I loss
SM-1
ilb
vslc
vslb
vsla
on DC side
Vd
Ls
Ls
SM-400
ila
vc
ic
vb
ib
Ls
vsla
Ls
Ls
va
va
Ls
ia
on AC side
SM-1
vsua
iuc
Available models
Same control system for every models
Iv
I
G
VSC-MMC
Idc
+
L
VPCC
Vf
Vac
Vdc
gate signal
I VPCC Iv Vf
PLL
abc
Capa. Balancing
algorithm (CBA)
d-q
Outer P/Q/Vdc et
Inner Control
NLC
SM
vup
_j
Average
Value
Model of
converter
15
d-q
abc
CCSC
d-q
ej
et
SM
vlow
_j
Modeled in
Simulink and
connected to the
EMTP-RV model
with the DLL
based interface
Models comparisons
Detailed equivalent model vs full detailed model
Simulation timings for a 3 s simulation (Time step : 40s) :
Detailed equivalent : ~3min
Full detailed : ~500 min
1.15
Voltage (pu)
1.1
1.05
16
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Time (s)
2.2
2.4
Vdc control
Simulation results
SYS1
INV1
REC1
100 km
+
-
400 kV, 50 Hz
20000 MVA (SC)
1000 MW
SYS2
+
400 kV, 50 Hz
15000 MVA (SC)
600 MW
75 km
3-phase fault
WindFarm1
+
-
50 km
INV2
REC2
25 km
+
-
WindFarm2
+
-
1000 MW
400 MW
100 km
REC3
WindFarm3
+
-
1000 MW
1000
500
0
-500
-1000
1.9
INV1
17
2.1
2.2
INV2
2.3
Time (s)
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Simulation results
DC fault
BKR1
BKIplus
CBL_100km
BKIplus_p
SYS1
INV1
600 MW
75 km
SYS2
+
400 kV, 50 Hz
15000 MVA (SC)
WindFarm1
+
-
1000 MW
CBL_50km
CBL_75km
Pole-to_pole fault
400 kV, 50 Hz
20000 MVA (SC)
BKIIp
BKIminus_p
BKIV
BKIminus
REC1
100 km
+
-
50 km
INV2
REC2
25 km
+
-
WindFarm2
+
-
1000 MW
400 MW
100 km
70
REC3
+
-
60
BKIplus
Current (kA)
50
WindFarm3
1000 MW
40
BKIplus_p
30
DC CB are modeled
by ideal switch
20
10
0
2
18
2.0005
2.001
2.0015
2.002 2.0025
Time (s)
2.003
2.0035
2.004
03
Next steps
HVDC Grid CIGRE Benchmark
19
C1
A0
A1
DC Overhead
DC Cable
AC Overhead
AC Cable
C2
D1
B0
B4
B1
E1
B5
B2
B3
20
B6
F1
Will be developed by
WG B4-57 members in
EMTP-RV, PSCAD,
OPAL-RT and Hypersim
500 MW
C1
C1
A1
155kVRMSLL /_0
380kVRMSLL /_0
A1
C2
C2
155kVRMSLL /_0
500 MW
D1
D1
155kVRMSLL /_0
1000 MW
B4
B1
380kVRMSLL /_0
E1
B1
B5
E1
155kVRMSLL /_0
Vdc control
100 MW
B2
B6
B3
F1
F1
B2
B3
155kVRMSLL /_0
1500 MW
1500 MW
21
500 MW
DC Grids modeling
Next steps
CIGRE benchmark
22