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Biology 1.

1 Diet and exercise


Foods contain a mixture of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins, for their high
energy content and to build cells.
A healthy diet means balancing energy taken in as food in and energy used in movement and
exercise. Malnourished means a persons diet is not balanced, so they may be overweight or
underweight. We gain weight if energy in is less than energy out. We lose weight if energy in
is less than energy out.
People who exercise are usually healthier than people who do not.
We also need minerals and vitamins for good health. A lack of some nutrients may cause
deficiency diseases. Lack of Vitamin C causes scurvy; lack of Vitamin D causes rickets, when
bones are poorly formed.
Too much food or overeating food of the wrong type may cause Type 2 diabetes. The patient
shows high blood sugar and feels thirsty; it is more common in older people after years of a
poor diet. (This is a different disease from Type 1 diabetes, when the pancreas fails to produce
insulin and we can treat the patient with injections of insulin. Type 2 cannot be treated with
insulin.)
Our bodies have a metabolic rate the rate at which our cells carry out chemical reactions.
Our metabolic rate depends on inherited factors or genes, and also on the ratio of muscle to
fat in the body.
Inherited genes also affect the level of cholesterol, a type of fat, in our blood.

1 Did you understand this?


a) How can someone be malnourished if they have plenty of food?
b) What disease has symptoms of tiredness and thirstiness and cannot be treated with
insulin?
c) What is our metabolic rate and how is it decided?
d) What causes rickets?
2 SAMRGANA! Unscramble these key words
LEELOOTSRCH. LIAMSHEDOURN. BADSITEE. BARTCLAIMTOEE. LIAMNERS. IANSITMV.
TEDHERIIN.

3 TRUE OR FALSE (You need to think about these!)


We are born with our metabolic rate and cannot change it.
Exercise makes us thin.
A deficiency disease is caused by too little food
Cholesterol helps give us more energy.
We can avoid getting Diabetes.
If we dont eat too much we dont have to exercise.

Malnutrition is a self-inflicted disease.


We can live without eating any fats or oils.

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1 Nutrient for growth (7).

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2 Two foods high in protein (4 and 4).

3 Your diet should be this (8).


4 The two people who pass on genes (3 and 3).
6 The rate of your chemical reactions (9).
8 They can be A, B, C, D, E or K (8).
10 Small ions needed in diet, e.g. Ca (8).
12 Keeps you fit (8).

5 High energy nutrient (12).


7 High-carb Italian food (5).

9 You draw lines with it (5).


11 Who ate all of these? (4)

13 Dont sit on this all night! (4).

14 Use this tissue to get fit (6) 15 Cholesterol is a type of this (3)
16 Caused by lack of Vitamin C (6). 17 If your diet is unbalanced you are this (12).
18 Lack of vitamins causes this type of disease (10). 19 Big carbo (6)
carbo (5)
21 How genes are passed on (9). 22 Needed to contract muscles (6).
23 Not how often you should exercise! (5). 24 Cholesterol is ? for you! (3)

ONE ANSWER IS A MIS-SPELLING; DID YOU FIND IT?

20 Small

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