MATH133 Unit 5: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Individual Project Assignment: Version 2A

Name (Required): Joshua Mckenzie
Show all of your work details for these calculations. Please review this Web site to see
how to type mathematics using the keyboard symbols. Handwritten scanned work is not
acceptable for AIU Online.
Problem 1: Photic Zone
1. (State your chosen value of k.)
I choose k = 0.05.
2. (Correctly round your answer to one decimal place, and show the intermediate steps in
your work.)
With k = 0.05, I_0 = 1000, and x = 10, we have
I = I_0 * e^(-k*x) = 1000 * 2.718282^(-0.05 *10)
= 606.5 foot candles.
3. (Hint: ; solve this equation for . Correctly round your answer to one decimal place, and
show the intermediate steps in your work.)
We have the equation 0.01 = e^(-0.062 * x). Taking the natural log of both sides gives
ln(0.01) = ln[e^(-0.062 * x)].
Simplifying yields
ln(0.01) = -0.062 * x.
Finally, we solve for x and find that
x = ln(0.01) / -0.062 = 74.28.
Correctly round your answers to the nearest whole penny (two decimal places), and show
the intermediate steps in all these calculations for full credit.
1. Important: By Wednesday night at midnight, submit a Word document containing only
your name and your chosen values from the table above for P and r. Submit this in the

Unit 5 IP submissions area. This submitted Word document will be used to determine the
Last Day of Attendance for government reporting purposes.
I choose P = 7500 and r = 6.5%.
2. How much will you have in 8 years if the interest is compounded quarterly?
With P = 7500, r = 0.065, n = 4, and t = 8, compounded quarterly, we will have
A = P * (1 + r/n) ^ (n*t) = 7500 * (1 + 0.065/4)^(4 * 8) = $12,562.59.
3. How much will you have in 15 years if the interest is compounded daily?
With P = 7500, r = 0.065, n = 365, and t = 15, compounded daily, we will have
A = P * (1 + r/n) ^ (n*t) = 7500 * (1 + 0.065/365)^(365 * 15) = $19,882.03.
4. How much will you have in 12 years if the interest is compounded continuously?
Using P = 7500, r = 0.065, and e = 2.718282, in 12 years we will have
A = P * e^(r * t) = 7500 * e^(0.065 * 12) = $16,361.00.
Problem 3: Newtons Law of Cooling
1. (Use ; correctly round your final answer to two decimal places, and show the
intermediate steps in your work.)
Using k = 0.122, T_m = 0, T_0 = 70, t = 4, and e = 2.718282, after 4 hours the
temperature of the dessert will be:
T = T_m + (T_0 - T_m) * e^(-k * t) = 0 + (70 - 0) * e^(-0.122 * 4) = 42.97 degrees.
2. (State what you think k in this formula represents.)
The constant k is most likely a quantified form of the physical properties of the dessert
that would affect the transfer of heat to and from the dessert.
3. (Correctly round your answer to two decimal places, and show the intermediate steps
in your work.)
We solve the equation
32 = T_m + (T_0 - T_m) * e^(-k * t).
Plugging in our variables, the right hand side of the equation simplifies to

0 + (70 - 0) * e^(-0.122 * t) = 70 * e^(-0.122 * t).

Hence we have the equation
32 = 70 * e^(-0.122 * t).
Dividing by 70 gives
(32 / 70) = e^(-0.122 * t).
Now taking the natural log of both sides, we arrive at
ln(32 / 70) = ln[e^(-0.122 * t)] = -0.122*t.
Finally, dividing by -0.122, we find that
t = ln(32 / 70) / -0.122 = 6.42 hours.
Problem 4: Health Care Expenditures
1. (Correctly round your answer to one decimal place, which is tenths of billions of
dollars, and show the intermediate steps in your work.)
I choose x = 20. Then
E(x) = E(20) = -9.5904 + 229.9582 * ln(20) = 679.3 billion dollars.
2. (Correctly round your answer to one decimal place, and show the intermediate steps in
your work.)
We solve 700 = -9.5904 + 229.9582 * ln(x).
Adding 9.5904 to both sides gives
709.5904 = 229.9582 * ln(x).
Dividing by 229.9582, we find that
(709.5904 / 229.9582) = ln(x).
Now we exponeniate both sides to arrive at e^ (709.5904 / 229.9582) = e ^ ln(x).
Simplifying gives x = e^ (709.5904 / 229.9582) = 21.88 years after 2000.
3. (Insert graph here; include explanations to the other questions asked.)

The data does not appear to plot a natural logarithmic function. This data most resembles
the linear function y = mx + b. This can probably best explained by the fact that there are
so few data points and that on a small scale, the natural logarithmic function may look
linear. For instance, I plotted the function E(x), and it would look linear if zoomed in
upon enough.

4. (State the types of transformations of the natural logarithmic function, , that will result
in the following function)
First the function ln(x) is vertically stretched by a factor of 229.9582. Then the function
229.9582 * ln(x) is shifted down by a factor of 9.5904.
Problem 5: Richter Scale
1. (Complete the table below. Correctly round your answer to one decimal place, and
show the intermediate steps in each of the calculations.)
We have
M(0.5 * 10^1.2) = 0.6667 log(0.5 * 10^1.2) = 0.6667 [log(0.5) + 1.2] = 0.6,

M(1.0 * 10^3.2) = 0.6667 log(1.0 * 10^3.2) = 0.6667 [log(1) + 3.2] = 2.1,

M(1.5 * 10^5.2) = 0.6667 log(1.5 * 10^5.2) = 0.6667 [log(1.5) + 5.2] = 3.6,
M(2.5 * 10^7.2) = 0.6667 log(2.5 * 10^7.2) = 0.6667 [log(2.5) + 7.2] = 5.1, and
M(1.6 * 10^12.2) = 0.6667 log(1.6 * 10^12.2) = 0.6667 [log(1.6) + 12.2] = 8.3,
E
0.5 * 10^6
1.0 * 10^8
1.5 * 10^10
2.5 * 10^12
1.6 * 10^17

x = E / E_0
0.5 * 10^1.2
1.0 * 10^3.2
1.5 * 10^5.2
2.5 * 10^7.2
1.6 * 10^12.2

M(x) = 0.6667 log(x)

0.6
2.1
3.6
5.1
8.3

2. (Correctly round your answer to one decimal place, and show the intermediate steps in
your work.) Hint: Replace M(x) by 9.2, and solve the logarithmic equation for x; then
multiply x by 104.8 to get the value of E for this magnitude.
We solve the equation 9.2 = 0.6667log(x).
First we divide both sides by 0.6667 and arrive at (9.2 / 0.6667) = log(x).
Now we exponentiate both sides in terms of base 10, and find that
10^(9.2 / 0.6667) = 10 ^ log(x).
Simplifying gives x = 10^(9.2 / 0.6667) = 6.299 * 10^13.
3. (State which intellipath Learning Nodes helped you with this assignment.)