3.3.1a - Foundation 110m - 109W4197 - A

GE Power & Water
Technical Specification
Foundation Load
Specification for Wind
Turbine Generator Systems
GE 2.x-120 DFIG
50Hz / 60Hz
2.x MW Rated Power
120 m Rotor Diameter
with
LM 58.7 Blade
110m HH
IEC WTGS Class S
Standard Weather
(Based on IEC III)
The Seller, GE Power and Water, shall hereinafter be referred to as GE
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Change List
Rev.
Date (y/m/d)/
Author
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2013/03/22
204058515
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Change
New document per PCW0004905-W893D16

Updated template
2013/06/25
204012213
1)
Removed section Checklist foundation design
all
2)
Revised table and figure numbering
11
3)
Moved section Dynamic Stiffness of the Foundation to section 2
11
4)
Moved section Maximum Allowed Inclination for Additional Load Consideration to section 3
12
5)
Moved section Connection between tower and foundation to section

4
17
6)
Removed section Boundary conditions for the foundation
17
7)
Removed section Technical Documentation
17
8)
Removed section Note regarding standards
17
9)
Removed section References
17
10) Removed section Enclosures
17
11) Added section 5 Additional Information
17
12) Added section 6 References General
17
13) Added section 7 References GE Internal

Revised document per PCW0004905-W893D20

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Table of Contents
Copyright and patent rights..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Change List ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Table of Contents............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
1
Loads for the foundation design ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Extreme Loads.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Load case for check against lift-off of the foundation ........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Load case for check against overturning.................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Load case for check against sliding................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.5 Load case for check against shear failure .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.6 Load case for check against tension loading in the piles.................................................................................................................................. 7
1.7 Earthquake Loads ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.8 Fatigue Loads ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.9 Load Spectra Procedure with a Constant Mean Value ....................................................................................................................................... 8
1.10
Procedure using Markov Matrices...........................................................................................................................................................................11
2
Dynamic Stiffness of the Foundation..................................................................................................................................................................................11
3
Maximum Allowed Inclination for Additional Load Consideration ...................................................................................................................11
4
Connection between tower and foundation ..................................................................................................................................................................12
5
Additional Information .................................................................................................................................................................................................................17
6
References - General ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................17
7
References GE Internal ............................................................................................................................................................................................................17
8
Approval................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18

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1
Loads for the foundation design
The following loads include inertia, mass and aerodynamic forces acting on the rotor and hub. They also include forces
caused by accelerations or other dynamic reactions. Partial safety factors for the loads have been applied. All additional
safety factors (e.g. on materials, uncertainty of calculation method, etc.) have to be applied according to the regulations.
The loads in this document for the foundation design are calculated with a full dynamic simulation program called Flex 5.
The loads are given in the coordinate system shown in Figure 1.
The extreme loads for the hub height of 110 m are given at h= 1.30m above top of soil elevation. Loads have to be recalculated for the different heights of the foundation - upper and lower edge of the foundation.
x
Figure 1: Coordinate System
All loads are shown with and without partial safety factors in the tables and they are directly ready for use in the foundation engineers calculations. An additional load due to a misalignment of the tower of 8 mm/m has to be considered. For
more details refer to chapter 3.
1.1
Extreme Loads
The following tables show controlling load cases (with and without partial safety factors), with all of the conditions that
comprise the load case occurring simultaneously. The load cases for the following WTGS are referenced as follows:
2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S LM58.7 SW 50 Hz [3]
2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S LM58.7 SW 60 Hz [4]
The foundation has to be designed according to the specific country regulations. The proper final design values of partial
safety factors for material properties and country specific minimum partial safety factors on loads must also be applied to
these loads.
F = value of partial safety factor for load factor design as required per International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

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50 Hz
Load case Fx [kN] Fy [kN] Fz [kN] Mx [kNm] My [kNm] Mz [kNm] Fr [kN] Mr [kNm] [-] Vhub [m/s] Vdir [deg]
DLC 7.1
4449.8 -20.4
267.8
-1161.4
15197.8
-421.7
268.6
15203.9
1.00
44.5
8.2
DLC 6.2
4190.2 -858.8
24.4
-2106.1
-4555.4
79600.4
859.1
79729.4
1.00
47.3
75.2
DLC 1.5
4265.0
661.6
-683.2
68617.1
1181.4
661.7
68627.3
1.00
10.1
-8.0
DLC 2.2
4270.5 -151.8
396.9
-5753.7
39023.1
20636.7
424.9
44143.0
1.00
10.4
8.0
DLC 2.2
4207.7
-645.9
1324.7
-71715.4
-2339.7
647.0
71753.6
1.00
10.4
8.0
DLC 6.2
4160.2 -831.5
84.5
-2705.6
-4346.0
80037.5
835.8
80155.3
1.00
39.8
28.3
DLC 6.2
4166.4 858.7
87.7
2363.5
1796.5
-79762.1
863.2
79782.5
1.00
48.0
-63.0
DLC 6.2
4158.1 -832.6
74.9
-2758.6
-4955.0
80008.2
836.0
80162.7
1.00
40.3
28.6
11.4
37.5
Table 1: Extreme loads; 2.x-120 DFIG 110mHH IEC S 50 Hz LM58.7 SW; excluding partial safety factor.
60 Hz
DLC 7.1
4448.0
1.3
258.1
-1242.6
14808.8
-967.2
258.1
14840.1
1.00
44.5
8.2
DLC 6.2
4193.5 -870.1
26.5
-2157.4
-4310.0
79840.5
870.5
79956.3
1.00
46.9
74.1
DLC 2.2
4214.7
-3.5
-666.6
1251.6
-73278.6
-771.8
666.6
73281.2
1.00
10.4
8.0
DLC 2.2
4189.0
16.9
-143.7
6202.1
-15153.3
-366.4
144.7
15158.2
1.00
10.4
-8.0
DLC 2.2
4213.3
16.1
-664.1
1182.3
-73312.2
-1639.3
664.3
73330.5
1.00
10.4
8.0
DLC 6.2
4190.4 -866.1
23.8
-2118.5
-4569.5
79889.3
866.5
80019.8
1.00
47.3
75.2
DLC 6.2
4193.5 -870.1
26.5
-2157.4
-4310.0
79840.5
870.5
79956.3
1.00
46.9
74.1
DLC 6.2
4190.4 -866.1
23.8
-2118.5
-4569.5
79889.3
866.5
80019.8
1.00
47.3
75.2
Table 2: Extreme loads; 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S 60 Hz LM58.7 SW; excluding partial safety factor.
50 Hz
DLC 8.1
6431.8
DLC 6.2
50.9
191.3
917.0
9456.7
-4860.4
198.0
10632.6
1.50
19.8
-22.5
4609.3 -944.6
26.8
-2316.7
-5011.0
87560.4
945.0
87703.7
1.10
47.3
75.2
DLC 1.5
5757.8
893.2
-922.3
92633.1
1594.8
893.4
92646.8
1.35
10.1
-8.0
DLC 2.2
4697.5 -167.0
436.6
-6329.0
42925.4
22700.3
467.4
48558.1
1.10
10.4
8.0
DLC 1.6
5766.2
-32.9
883.9
-1329.5
92788.0
7247.9
884.5
93070.7
1.35
12.5
-8.0
DLC 6.2
4576.2 -914.7
93.0
-2976.2
-4780.6
88041.3
919.4
88171.0
1.10
39.8
28.3
DLC 6.2
4583.1 944.6
96.5
2599.9
1976.2
-87738.3
949.5
87760.6
1.10
48.0
-63.0
DLC 1.6
5767.1
883.0
-1298.4
92785.2
7368.0
883.6
93077.3
1.35
12.4
-8.0
15.3
-33.8
Table 3: Extreme loads; 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S 50 Hz LM58.7 SW; including partial safety factor.

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60 Hz
DLC 8.1
6431.8
DLC 6.2
50.9
191.3
917.0
9456.7
-4860.4
198.0
10632.7
1.50
19.8
-22.5
4612.9 -957.1
29.1
-2373.1
-4741.0
87824.5
957.5
87952.4
1.10
46.9
74.1
DLC 1.5
5752.9
14.4
892.4
-863.6
92242.1
1947.6
892.5
92262.7
1.35
10.0
-8.0
DLC 2.2
4607.9
18.5
-158.0
6822.4
-16668.6
-403.0
159.1
16673.5
1.10
10.4
-8.0
DLC 1.5
5750.3
-10.6
879.4
-1183.7
92607.9
3432.0
879.5
92671.5
1.35
10.3
-8.0
DLC 6.2
4609.4 -952.8
26.2
-2330.4
-5026.5
87878.2
953.1
88021.8
1.10
47.3
75.2
DLC 6.2
4612.9 -957.1
29.1
-2373.1
-4741.0
87824.5
957.5
87952.4
1.10
46.9
74.1
DLC 1.6
5764.0
884.1
-1119.2
92398.7
7540.6
884.8
92705.9
1.35
12.5
0.0
-35.9
Table 4: Extreme loads; 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S 60 Hz LM58.7 SW; including partial safety factor.
1.2
Load case for check against lift-off of the foundation
To ensure proper foundation stiffness during operation, the foundation is not allowed to lift-off of the subsoil for the following loads. These loads are provided at the tower base ring bottom flange and the check has to be done with the
loads extrapolated to the foundation bottom.
Load case
DLC 1.0; 50 Hz
DLC 3.1; 60 Hz
Fx [kN]
4259.8
4260.8
Fy [kN]
-26.2
-28.1
Fz [kN]
402.6
411.5
Mx [kNm] My [kNm] Mz [kNm]

-21.7
42086.0 5020.8
97.7
4260.8 5084.0
Fr [kN]
403.4
412.5
Mr [kNm] F [-]
42384.4 1.00
43261.7 1.00
Table 5: Load cases for check against foundation lift-off; 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S LM58.7 SW.
1.3
Load case for check against overturning
To ensure the stability of the foundation, the foundation is only allowed to lift-off up to its centerline for the following
load cases. These loads are provided at the tower base ring bottom flange and the check has to be done with the loads
extrapolated to the foundation bottom.
Load case
DLC 6.2; 50 Hz
DLC 6.2; 60 Hz
Fx [kN]
4158.1
4190.4
Fy [kN]
-832.6
-866.1
Fz [kN] Mx [kNm] My [kNm] Mz [kNm]

74.9
-2758.6
-4955.0 80008.2
23.8
-2118.5
-4569.5 79889.3
Fr [kN]
836.0
866.5
Table 6: Load case for check against overturning; 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S LM58.7 SW.

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Mr [kNm] F [-]
80162.7 1.00
80019.8 1.00
GE Power & Water

1.4
Load case for check against sliding
To ensure the stability of the foundation, the foundation is not allowed to slide for the following load cases. These loads
are provided at the tower base ring bottom flange and the check has to be done with the loads extrapolated to the
foundation bottom.
Load case
DLC 6.2; 50 Hz
DLC 2.2; 50 Hz
DLC 6.2; 60 Hz
DLC 2.2; 60 Hz
Fx [kN]
4166.4
4270.5
4193.5
4189.0
Fy [kN]
858.7
-151.8
-870.1
16.9
Fz [kN] Mx [kNm] My [kNm]

87.7
2363.5
1796.5
-5753.7
396.9
39023.1
26.5
-2157.4
-4310.0
6202.1
-143.7
-15153.3
Mz [kNm]
-79762.1
20636.7
79840.5
-366.4
Fr [kN]
863.2
424.9
870.5
144.7
Mr [kNm]
79782.5
44143.0
79956.3
15158.2
F [-]
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Table 7: Load case for check against sliding; 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S LM58.7 SW.
1.5
Load case for check against shear failure
To ensure the stability of the foundation, the foundation has to be checked of shear failure for the soil specified in the
geotechnical report. These loads are provided at the tower base ring bottom flange and the check has to be done with
the loads extrapolated to the foundation bottom.
Load case
DLC 1.6; 50 Hz
DLC 1.6; 60 Hz
Fx [kN]
5767.1
5764.0
Fy [kN]
-33.8
-35.9

883.0
-1298.4
92785.2
7368.0
884.1
-1119.2
92398.7
7540.6
Fr [kN]
883.6
884.8
Mr [kNm] F [-]
93077.3 1.35
92705.9 1.35
Table 8: Load case for check against shear failure; 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S LM58.7 SW.
1.6
Load case for check against tension loading in the piles
No tension loading is allowed in the piles for the following load combination, unless dynamic and fatigue loading is explicitly considered in the design of the piles, including all dynamic soil-pile interaction effects. These loads are provided
at the tower base ring bottom flange:
Load case
DLC 1.1; 50 Hz
DLC 1.1; 60 Hz
Fx [kN]
4264.9
4268.2
Fy [kN]
-22.5
-17.7

476.3
-19.8
47377.1
4544.3
469.0
11.5
47008.2
4449.3
Fr [kN]
476.8
469.3
Mr [kNm] F [-]
47594.5 1.00
47218.2 1.00
Table 9: Load cases for check against pile tension loading; 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S LM58.7 SW.
1.7
Earthquake Loads
Site specific seismic loads at the base of the tower structure can be provided by GE upon request. The request should
include the applicable code, and the site specific seismic parameters (e.g., design peak ground acceleration (PGA) or
equivalent as per the code, soil type, etc.)

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1.8
Fatigue Loads
The fatigue loads that result from the operation of the turbine are given as load spectra at the tower base ring flange. The
partial safety factor on loads included in the fatigue spectra is 1.0. The combined safety factors (including partial safety
factors on loads and material) on these loads to be used are:
1.9
Fatigue check of concrete according to CEB-FIB Model Code 1990:

o
FSdC = 1.65.
Fatigue check of reinforcement bars acc. to CEB-FIB Model Code 1990:
o
FSdC = 1.265.
Fatigue check of embedded steel parts acc. to Eurocode 3 and IEC 61400:
o
FM = 1.265.
Fatigue check of embedded steel parts acc. to Eurocode 3 and DIBt-Guidelines:
o
FM = 1.25.
Load Spectra Procedure with a Constant Mean Value
The load spectra are provided separately in the following document. The unit of force is kN and the unit of moment is kNm
for the values provided in the files.
Filename: Load Spectra_2.x-120 DFIG_110mHH_IEC_S(3)_50 Hz_LM 58.7_SW_Rev00.xlsx

(Refer to GE Drawing 109W4193)
Figure 2: Load spectra 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S 50 Hz LM58.7 SW for bending moment and torsion

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Figure 3: Load Spectra 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S 50 Hz LM58.7 SW for vertical force and thrust force
Filename: Load Spectra_2.x-120 DFIG_110mHH_IEC_S(3)_60 Hz_LM 58.7_SW_Rev00.xlsx

(Refer to GE Drawing 109W4194)
Figure 4: Load spectra 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S 60 Hz LM58.7 SW for bending moment and torsion

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Figure 5: Load Spectra 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S 60 Hz LM58.7 SW for vertical force and thrust force.
Mean loads at rated wind speed (constant for all load cycles)
Load at Tower Base
50 Hz
Mean Wind Speed: 10.4 m/s
Turbulence Intensity: 15.6%
60 Hz
Mean Wind Speed: 10.4 m/s
Turbulence Intensity: 15.6%
Fx [kN]
Fy [kN]
Fz [kN]
Mx [kNm]
My [kNm]
Mz [kNm]
F [-]
4257.0
-4.5
346.0
68.0
36470.0
2600.0
1.0
4257.0
-4.5
345.0
68.4
36350.0
2595.0
1.0
Table 10: Mean loads at rated wind speed (for use with the fatigue load spectra files). 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH
IEC S LM58.7 SW

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1.10 Procedure using Markov Matrices
The Markov matrix of the fatigue loads contains mean values and ranges for all cycles. The use of the Markov matrix is
therefore more accurate than the use of load spectra and a constant mean value for all load cycles. The Markov Matrices files to be used are available electronically:
Filename: Markov_Matrices_2.x-120 DFIG_110mHH_IEC_S(3)_50 Hz_LM 58.7_SW_Rev00.xlsx

(Refer to GE drawing 109W4195)
Filename: Markov_Matrices_2.x-120 DFIG_110mHH_IEC_S(3)_60 Hz_LM 58.7_SW_Rev00.xlsx

(Refer to GE drawing 109W4196)
Loads at Tower
Base
My [kNm]
Mx [kNm]
Fz [kN]
Fx [kN]
50 Hz
50 Hz_MY 0405
50 Hz_MX 0404
50 Hz_FZ 0403
50 Hz_FX 0401
60 Hz
60 Hz_MY 0405
60 Hz_MX 0404
60 Hz_FZ 0403
60 Hz_FX 0401
Table 11: Fatigue loads (Markov Matrices). 2.x-120 DFIG 110m HH IEC S LM58.7 SW.
Dynamic Stiffness of the Foundation
The minimum values for the dynamic foundation stiffness that have to be achieved are:
k,min = 7.0 . 107 kNm/rad; kyz,min = 1.0 . 103 kN/mm
The minimum value for the static foundation stiffness that has to be achieved is 1/5 of the dynamic stiffness:
k,stat,min = 1.4 . 107 kNm/rad
These values are for spread (raft) type foundations or mat plus deep piling type systems only. For the special case of short
pole type foundations consult GE for the specific stiffness requirements. Short pole type foundation means drilled single
shaft, monopile, caisson, bored piles or the proprietary design-Patrick and Henderson Foundation systems.
Maximum Allowed Inclination for Additional Load Consideration
Maximum allowed inclination caused by non-uniform settlement of the foundation, inaccurateness of installation, and
tower axis misalignment:
Uneven settlement due to non uniform soil properties across the foundation: 3mm/m (0.17)
Inaccurate installation: 3mm/m (0.17)
Tower axis misalignment due to solar irradiation: 2mm/m(0.11)
To account for the impact from the total misalignment of 8 mm/m on the foundation design an additional moment of 2343
kNm has to be added at the foundation upper edge with appropriate partial safety factors.

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Connection between tower and foundation
The connection between tower and foundation is established with a combination of a Tower base ring with T-flange and
anchor bolts. This tower base ring is going to be fixed with the anchor bolts (124 bolts M48; Grade 8.8, and an embedded
anchor ring, which are concreted in the foundation. The tower base ring, the anchor bolts and the bottom anchor ring
need to be placed (hanging) with a support structure over the cleaning layer (thin concrete protection layer over subsoil).
After that the reinforcing and the concrete will be installed.
The tower base ring is already calculated so that the foundation engineer need only to calculate the grouted joint, the prestress of the bolts and the anchor ring in the concrete foundation.
Figure 6, 7 and 8 show the tower base ring, anchor bolts and embedded ring when supplied by GE (for projects in North
America, only the tower base ring is provided by GE; the Figure 7 and 8 parts are by provided by the customer).
NOTE: The projection of the bolts is critical and has to be aligned with the position of the tower base ring!! Anchor bolts
are to be elongated using a bolt tensioning cylinder. Bolts which do not have the required projection above top of concrete foundation can be useless when the bolt tensioning device is not able to fit on them for bolt stretching.
NOTE: The final as fabricated outer diameter of the anchor bolts is critical, verify against exact tower flange hole size
prior to concreting in the foundation anchors.
NOTE: The threaded parts of all the anchor bolts are to be protected before concreting against getting concrete on
them, e.g. by masking with tape or covering with protective caps! This protection should also remain on the bolts until
after grouting to protect the threads from the grout spills.

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Figure 6: Tower Base Ring Geometry 110m HH

Material Shell: S355 J0; Top Flange: S355 J2-Z25+N; Bottom T-Flange: S355 NL-Z35+N

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Figure 7: Anchor Bolt Geometry,

Material: Anchor Bolt: Grade 8.8

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Figure 8: Anchor Ring Geometry 110m HH,

Material: Anchor Ring: S355 J2-Z15

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Figure 9: System Overview 110m HH

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Additional Information
For information on the foundation design, detailing, and execution including foundation boundary conditions including
subsoil properties, spring constants for raft foundations, deep piling foundations, and short-pole foundation, a foundation
design check list, etc. - refer to [2].
6
[1]
[2]
References - General
Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises 1.4 Baugrunddynamik der Deutschen Gesellschaft fr Geotechnik e.V. (DGGT),
Mai 1998. Bautechnik 75 (1998), Nr. 10, S. 792-805
Technical Specification Wind Turbine Generator Systems All Types, Information on the Design, Detailing and
Execution of the Foundation for the Wind Turbine Generator System, GE Drawing 109W4732
References GE Internal
[3]
Dajana Schnorrenberg (GE Energy): 2.53_120_50Hz_LOA_allComp_IECSb_110HH_LM58.7L4S4.00. Enxx.pdf; Certification Loading Document, GE Energy 2.53-120, 2.53 MW Rated Power / 120 m Rotor Diameter with GE 58.7
Blade / 110m Hub Height, IEC WTGS Class S, Revision 0, Date 03.08.2013
[4]
Dajana Schnorrenberg (GE Energy): 2.53_120_60Hz_LOA_allComp_IECSb_110HH_LM58.7L4S4.00. Enxx.pdf; Certification Loading Document, GE Energy 2.53-120, 2.53 MW Rated Power / 120 m Rotor Diameter with GE 58.7
Blade / 110m Hub Height, IEC WTGS Class S, Revision 0, Date 03.13.2013

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Approval
Approved1:
1 For
Scott Wittchen
2013/06/25
Date
(yyyy/mm/dd)
Name
(Engineer)
additional approvers, see PLM.

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3.3.1a - Foundation 110m - 109W4197 - A

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Master Specification Template

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New document per PCW0004905-W893D16

Removed section Checklist foundation design

Revised table and figure numbering

Moved section Dynamic Stiffness of the Foundation to section 2

Moved section Connection between tower and foundation to section

Removed section Boundary conditions for the foundation

Removed section Technical Documentation

Removed section Note regarding standards

Removed section References

10) Removed section Enclosures

11) Added section 5 Additional Information

12) Added section 6 References General

13) Added section 7 References GE Internal

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Copyright and patent rights..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

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Loads for the foundation design

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Load case for check against lift-off of the foundation

Mx [kNm] My [kNm] Mz [kNm]

Load case for check against overturning

Fz [kN] Mx [kNm] My [kNm] Mz [kNm]

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Load case for check against sliding

Fz [kN] Mx [kNm] My [kNm]

Load case for check against shear failure

Fz [kN] Mx [kNm] My [kNm] Mz [kNm]

Load case for check against tension loading in the piles

Fz [kN] Mx [kNm] My [kNm] Mz [kNm]

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Fatigue check of concrete according to CEB-FIB Model Code 1990:

Load Spectra Procedure with a Constant Mean Value

Filename: Load Spectra_2.x-120 DFIG_110mHH_IEC_S(3)_50 Hz_LM 58.7_SW_Rev00.xlsx

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Filename: Load Spectra_2.x-120 DFIG_110mHH_IEC_S(3)_60 Hz_LM 58.7_SW_Rev00.xlsx

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Filename: Markov_Matrices_2.x-120 DFIG_110mHH_IEC_S(3)_50 Hz_LM 58.7_SW_Rev00.xlsx

Filename: Markov_Matrices_2.x-120 DFIG_110mHH_IEC_S(3)_60 Hz_LM 58.7_SW_Rev00.xlsx

Dynamic Stiffness of the Foundation