French I Tutorial - Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar - Learn French Online - Free French Lessons - Free French Tutorials PDF

1/25/2015
FrenchITutorial:BasicPhrases,VocabularyandGrammarLearnFrenchOnlineFreeFrenchLessonsFreeFrenchTutorials
1.BASICPHRASES/LESEXPRESSIONSDEBASE
NEW!Ifyou'dliketostudythesephrases(andtheirpronunciations)individually,pleasegotoBasicFrench
Phrases.
Bonjour
/b
u/
Hello/Goodday/Goodmorning
Bonsoir
/b
swa/
Goodevening
Bonnenuit
/bnni/
Goodnight(onlysaidwhengoing
tobed)
Salut
/saly/
Hi/Bye
Aurevoir
/()vwa/
Goodbye
S'ilvousplat/S'ilteplat
/silvupl/
Please(formal/informal)
Merci(beaucoup)
/msiboku/
Thankyou(verymuch)
Derien.
/dj/
You'rewelcome.
Jevousenprie.
/vuz
pri/
You'rewelcome.(formal)/Go
ahead.
Bienvenu(e)
/bjv
ny/
Welcome(alsoYou'rewelcomein
Quebec)
Allonsy!
/al
zi/
Let'sgo!
Atoutl'heure
/atutal/
Seeyouinalittlewhile
Aplustard
/aplyta/
Seeyoulater
Abientt
/abjt
o/
Seeyousoon
Ademain
/adm/
Seeyoutomorrow
Jesuisdsol(e)
/dezle/
I'msorry
Pardon!
/pad
/
Excuseme!(pushingthrougha
crowd)/Sorry!(steppedon
someone'sfoot)
Excusezmoi!
/ekskyzemwa/
Excuseme!(gettingsomeone's
attention)/I'msorry!(moreformal
apology)
Commentallezvous?
/km
talevu/
Howareyou?(formal)
Jevaisbien
/vebj/
I'mfine.
Trsbien/mal/pasmal
/tbj/
/mal//pamal/
Verygood/bad/notbad
ava?
/sava/
Howareyou?(informal)
ava.
/sava/
I'mfine.(informalresponseto
ava?)
Oui/non
/wi//n
/
Yes/no
Commentvousappelezvous?
/km
vuzaplevu/
What'syourname?(formal)
Tut'appellescomment?
/tytaplkm
/
What'syourname?(informal)
Jem'appelle...
/mapl/
Mynameis...
Enchant(e)
/
te/
Nicetomeetyou.
Monsieur,Madame,
Mademoiselle
/msj//madam//madwazl/
Mister,Misses,Miss
MesdamesetMessieurs
/medam//mesj/
Ladiesandgentlemen
Voustesd'o?/Vousvenez
d'o?
/vuztdu//vuvnedu/
Whereareyoufrom?(formal)
Tuesd'o?/Tuviensd'o?
/tydu//tyvj
du/
Whereareyoufrom?(informal)
Jesuisde.../Jeviensde...
/sid//vj
d/
Iamfrom...
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Ohabitezvous?
/uabitevu/
Wheredoyoulive?(formal)
Tuhabiteso?
/tyabitu/
Wheredoyoulive?(informal)
J'habite...
/abita/
Ilivein...
Quelgeavezvous?
/klavevu/
Howoldareyou?(formal)
Tuasquelge?
/tykl/
Howoldareyou?(informal)
J'ai____ans.
/e__
/
Iam____yearsold.
Parlezvousfranais?/Tuparles
anglais?
/palevufr
s//typal
gl/
DoyouspeakFrench?(formal)/Do
youspeakEnglish?(informal)
Jeparleallemand.
/palalm/
IspeakGerman.
Jeneparlepasespagnol.
/npalpaspal/
Idon'tspeakSpanish.
Comprenezvous?/Tu
comprends?
/k
pnevu//tyk
p
/
Doyouunderstand?(formal/
informal)
Jecomprends
/k
p
/
Iunderstand
Jenecomprendspas
/nk
p
pa/
Idon'tunderstand
Pouvezvousm'aider?/Tupeux
m'aider?
/puvevumede//typmede/
Canyouhelpme?(formal/
informal)
Biensr.
/bj
sy/
Ofcourse.
Comment?
/km
/
What?Pardon?
Tenez/Tiens
/tne//tj/
Hey/Here(formal/informal)
Jesais
/s/
Iknow
Jenesaispas
/nspa/
Idon'tknow
Oest.../Osont...?
/u//us
/
Whereis.../Whereare...?
Voici/Voil
/vwasi//vwala/
Hereis/are.../Thereitis.
Ilya.../Ilyavait...
/ilia//iliav/
Thereis/are.../Therewas/
were...
Commentditon____enfranais
?
/km
dit
__
f
s/
Howdoyousay____inFrench?
Qu'estcequec'estquea?
/ksksksa/
Whatisthat?
Qu'estcequ'ilya?
/kskilia/
What'sthematter?
anefaitrien.
/sanfj/
Itdoesn'tmatter.
Qu'estcequisepasse?
/kskispas/
What'shappening?
Jen'aiaucuneide.
/neokynide/
Ihavenoidea.
Jesuisfatigu(e)/Jesuis
malade.
/sifatie//simalad/
I'mtired/I'msick.
J'aifaim/J'aisoif.
/ef/
/eswaf/
I'mhungry/I'mthirsty.
J'aichaud/J'aifroid.
/eo//efw/
I'mhot/I'mcold.
Jem'ennuie.
/m
ni/
I'mbored.
am'estgal./Jem'enfiche.
/samteal//m
fi/
It'sthesametome/Idon't
care.(informal)
Nevousenfaitespas./Net'en
faispas.
/nvu
ftpa//nt
fpa/
Don'tworry(formal/informal)
Cen'estpasgrave.
/snpagav/
J'aioubli.
/eublije/
Jedoisyaller.
/dwaiale/
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It'snoproblem./It'salright.
Iforgot.
Imustgo.
Avossouhaits!/Atessouhaits!
/avosw//atesw/
Blessyou!(formal/informal)
Flicitations!
/felisitasj
/
Congratulations!
Bonnechance!
/bn
s/
Goodluck!
C'estvous!/C'esttoi!
/stavu//statw/
It'syourturn!(formal/informal)
Taisezvous!/Taistoi!
/tzevu//ttw/
Shutup!/Bequiet!(formal/
informal)
Jevousaime/Jet'aime
/vuzm//tm/
Iloveyou(formal&plural/
informal)
Tumemanques.
/tymm
k/
Imissyou.(informal)
Quoideneuf?
/kwdnf/
What'snew?
Pasgrandchose.
/pag
oz/
Notawholelot.
NoticethatFrenchhasinformalandformalwaysofsayingthings.Thisisbecausethereismorethanone
meaningto"you"inFrench(aswellasinmanyotherlanguages.)Theinformalyouisusedwhentalkingtoclose
friends,relatives,animalsorchildren.Theformalyouisusedwhentalkingtosomeoneyoujustmet,donotknow
well,orsomeoneforwhomyouwouldliketoshowrespect(aprofessor,forexample.)Thereisalsoapluralyou,
usedwhenspeakingtomorethanoneperson.Alsonoticethatsomewordstakeanextrae,shownin
parentheses.Ifthewordreferstoawomanorisspokenbyawoman,thentheeisaddedinspellingbutinmost
cases,itdoesnotchangethepronunciation.Tomakeverbsnegative,Frenchaddsnebeforetheverb
andpasafterit.However,theneisfrequentlydroppedinspokenFrench,althoughitmustappearinwritten
French.
Don'tforgettocheckoutmyvideoseriesoninformalFrenchexpressionsandslangvocabularyat
theInformalFrenchtutorial
2.PRONUNCIATION/LAPRONONCIATION
theFrenchPhoneticstutorial.
ForamoreindepthlookatFrenchpronunciation,tryto
FrenchVowels
Samplewords
General
spellings
[i] ee
[y] eerounded
vie,midi,lit,riz
rue,jus,tissu,usine
i,y
u
[e] ay
bl,nez,cahier,pied
IPA
Phonetic
spelling
[] ayrounded
,et,finaler
andez
jeu,yeux,queue,bleu eu
[] eh
lait,aile,balai,reine
e,,,ai,ei,
ais
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[] ehrounded
sur,uf,fleur,
beurre
chat,ami,papa,
salade
[a] ah
bas,ne,grce,
chteau
loup,cou,caillou,
outil
[] ahlonger
[u] oo
eau,dos,escargot,
htel
[o] oh
sol,pomme,cloche,
horloge
fentre,genou,
cheval,cerise
[] aw
[] uh
u,eu
a,,
a,
ou
o,
o
e
[]isdisappearinginmodernFrench,beingreplacedby[a].VowelsthatdonotexistinEnglisharemarkedin
blue.
Frenchsemivowels
IPA
Phonetic
spelling
Samplewords
[w]
fois,oui,Louis oi,ou
[]
ewee
lui,suisse
[j]
yuh
oreille,Mireille ill,y
Generalspelling
ui
Frenchnasalvowels
IPA
Phoneticspelling
Samplewords
Generalspelling
[]
awn
gant,banc,dent
en,em,an,am,aon,aen
[
]
ahn
pain,vin,linge
in,im,yn,ym,ain,aim,ein,eim,un,um,
en,eng,oin,oing,oint,ien,yen,en
uhn
[
]
brun,lundi,parfum
un
[]
rond,ongle,front
on,om
ohn
[
]isbeingreplacedwith[
]inmodernFrench
Inwordsbeginningwithin,anasalisonlyusedifthenextletterisaconsonant.Otherwise,theinprefixis
pronounceeenbeforeavowel.
FrenchConsonants
ex+vowel
ex+consonant
egz
eks
examen,exercice
exceptionnel,expression
ch(Latinorigin)
sh
architecte,archives
ch(Greekorigin)
ti+vowel(except)
k
see
orchestre,archologie
dmocratie,nation
c+e,i,yor
c+a,o,u
s
k
cent,ceinture,maon
caillou,car,cube
g+e,i,y
g+a,o,u
zh
g
genou,gingembre
gomme,ganglion
th
j
t
zh
maths,thme,thym
jambe,jus,jeune
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qu,finalq
h
k
silent
que,quoi,grecque
haricot,herbe,hasard
vowel+s+vowel
x+vowel
z
z
rose,falaise,casino
sixans,beauxarts
finalx
six,dix,soixante(these3only!)
TherearealotofsilentlettersinFrench,andyouusuallydonotpronouncethefinalconsonant,unlessthatfinal
consonantisC,R,ForL(exceptverbsthatendinr).
Liaison:Frenchslursmostwordstogetherinasentence,soifawordendsinaconsonantthatisnot
pronouncedandthenextwordstartswithavowelorsilenth,slurthetwotogetherasifitwereoneword.Sandx
arepronouncedaszdastandfasvintheseliaisons.Liaisonisalwaysmadeinthefollowingcases:
afteradeterminer:unami,desamis
beforeorafterapronoun:vousavez,jelesai
afteraprecedingadjective:bonami,petitsenfants
afteronesyllableprepositions:enavion,dansunlivre
aftersomeonesyllableadverbs(trs,plus,bien)
afterest
Itisoptionalafterpas,tropfort,andtheformsoftre,butitisnevermadeafteret.
Silente:Sometimestheeisdroppedinwordsandphrases,shorteningthesyllablesandslurringmorewords.
rapid(e)ment,lent(e)ment,sauv(e)tage/apidm
//
tm
//sovta/
sousl(e)bureau,chezl(e)docteur/sulbyo//eldkto/
ilyad(e)...,pasd(e)...,plusd(e).../yad//pad//plyd/
jen(e),den(e)/n//dn/
j(e)te,c(e)que/t//sk/(notethechangeofthepronunciationofthejaswell)
Stress&Intonation:StressonsyllablesisnotasheavilypronouncedasinEnglishanditgenerallyfallsonthe
lastsyllableoftheword.Intonationusuallyonlyrisesforyes/noquestions,andallothertimes,itgoesdownat
theendofthesentence.
3.ALPHABET/L'ALPHABET
a /a/
/i/
/s/
b /be/
/ka/
/te/
c /se/
/l/
u /y/
d /de/
m /m/
e //
/n/
w /dublve/
/f/
/o/
/iks/
g //
/pe/
/igrk/
h /a/
/ky/
/zd/
//
/i/
/ve/
4.NOUNS,ARTICLES&DEMONSTRATIVES/LESNOMS,LESARTICLES&LESDEMONSTRATIFS
AllnounsinFrenchhaveagender,eithermasculineorfeminine.Forthemostpart,youmustmemorizethe
gender,buttherearesomeendingsofwordsthatwillhelpyoudecidewhichgenderanounis.Nounsendingin
ageandmentareusuallymasculine,asarenounsendingwithaconsonant.Nounsendinginure,sion,tion,
ence,ance,t,andetteareusuallyfeminine.
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Articlesandadjectivesmustagreeinnumberandgenderwiththenounstheymodify.Andarticleshavetobe
expressedeventhoughtheyaren'talwaysinEnglishandyoumayhavetorepeatthearticleinsomecases.
Demonstrativesarelikestrongdefinitearticles.
DefiniteArticles(The)
Masculine
Feminine
BeforeVowel
Plural
lelit
/lli/
thebed
lapomme
/lapm/
theapple
l'oiseau
/lwazo/
thebird
lesgants
/le
/
thegloves
IndefiniteArticles(A,An,Some)
Masculine
Feminine
Plural
unlit
/
li/
abed
unepomme
/ynpm/
anapple
desgants
/de
/
somegloves
DemonstrativeAdjectives(This,That,These,Those)
Masc.
Masc,BeforeVowel
Fem.
Plural
celit
/sli/
this/thatbed
cetoiseau
/stwazo/
this/thatbird
cettepomme
/stpm/
this/thatapple
cesgants
/se
/
these/thosegloves
Ifyouneedtodistinguishbetweenthisorthatandtheseorthose,youcanaddcitotheendofthenounforthis
andthese,andltotheendofthenounforthatandthose.Forexample,celitciisthisbed,whilecelit
listhatbed.
5.USEFULWORDS/LESMOTSUTILES
It's/That's
c'est
/s/
Thereis/are
ilya
/ilia/
Thereis/are
voil
/vwala/
Hereis/are
voici
/vwasi/
and
et
/e/
always
toujours
/tuu/
but
mais
/m/
often
souvent
now
maintenant
/mt
n
/
sometimes
quelquefois
/suv
/
/klkfwa/
especially
surtout
/sytu/
usually
d'habitude
/dabityd/
except
sauf
/sof/
also,too
aussi
/osi/
ofcourse
biensr
/bj
sy/
again
encore
/
k/
soso
comme
ci,commea
/kmsi,kmsa/
late
enretard
/
ta/
notbad
pasmal
/pamal/
almost
presque
/psk/
book
lelivre
/lliv/
friend(fem)
uneamie
/ynami/
pencil
lecrayon
friend(masc)
unami
pen
lestylo
/lkj
/
/lstilo/
woman
unefemme
/
nami/
/ynfam/
paper
lepapier
/lpapje/
man
unhomme
dog
lechien
/lj/
girl
unefille
cat
lechat
/la/
boy
ungaron
money
l'argent(m)
/la
/
job/work
letravail
/
nm/
/ynfij/
/
gas
/
/ltavaj/
Theexpressionilyaisreducedtoyaineverydayspeech.Whenilyaisfollowedbyanumber,itmeansago.Il
yacinqminutesmeansfiveminutesago.Somecommonslangwordsformoneyinclude:lefric,lepze,le
pognon,dessousandforjob/work:leboulot.
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6.SUBJECTPRONOUNS/LESPRONOMSSUJETS
SubjectPronouns
je
//
nous
/nu/
We
tu
/ty/
You(informal)
vous
/vu/
You(formalandplural)
il
elle
on
/il/
/l/
/
/
He
She
One
ils
elles
/il/
/l/
They(masc.)
They(fem.)
Ilandellecanalsomeanitwhentheyreplaceanoun(ilreplacesmasculinenouns,andellereplacesfeminine
nouns)insteadofaperson'sname.Ilsandellescanreplacepluralnounsaswellinthesameway.Noticethere
aretwowaystosayyou.Tuisusedwhenspeakingtochildren,animals,orclosefriendsandrelatives.Vousis
usedwhenspeakingtomorethanoneperson,ortosomeoneyoudon'tknoworwhoisolder.Oncanbe
translatedintoEnglishasone,thepeople,we,they,oryou.
TutoyerandvouvoyeraretwoverbsthathavenodirecttranslationintoEnglish.Tutoyermeanstousetuorbe
informalwithsomeone,whilevouvoyermeanstousevousorbeformalwithsomeone.
7.TOBE&TOHAVE/ETRE&AVOIR
Presenttenseoftre/t/tobe
Iam
jesuis
/si/
Weare
noussommes
/nusm/
Youare
tues
/ty/
Youare
voustes
/vuzt/
Heis
Sheis
Oneis
ilest
elleest
onest
/il/
/l/
/
n/
Theyare
Theyare
ilssont
ellessont
/ils
/
/ls
/
Pasttenseoftretobe
Iwas
j'tais
/et/
Wewere
noustions
/nuzetj
/
Youwere
tutais
/tuet/
Youwere
voustiez
/vuzetje/
Hewas
Shewas
Onewas
iltait
elletait
ontait
/ilet/
/let/
/
net/
Theywere
Theywere
ilstaient
ellestaient
/ilzet/
/lzet/
Jeandanyverbformthatstartswithavowel(orsilenth)combinetogetherforeaseofpronunciation.
FutureTenseoftretobe
Iwillbe
jeserai
/se/
Wewillbe
nousserons
/nus
/
Youwillbe
tuseras
/tysa/
Youwillbe
vousserez
/vuse/
Hewillbe
Shewillbe
Onewillbe
ilsera
ellesera
onsera
/ilsa/
/lsa/
/
sa/
Theywillbe
Theywillbe
ilsseront
ellesseront
/ils
/
/ls
/
Presenttenseofavoir/avwa/tohave
Ihave
j'ai
/e/
Wehave
nousavons /nuzav
/
Youhave
tuas
/ty/
Youhave
vousavez
/vuzave/
Hehas
Shehas
Onehas
ila
ellea
ona
/il/
/l/
/
n/
Theyhave
Theyhave
ilsont
ellesont
/ilz
/
/lz
/
Pasttenseofavoirtohave
Ihad
j'avais
/av/
Wehad
nousavions
/nuzavj
/
Youhad
tuavais
/tyav/
Youhad
vousaviez
/vuzavje/
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Hehad
Shehad
Onehad
ilavait
elleavait
onavait
/ilav/
/lav/
/
nav/
ilsavaient
ellesavaient
Theyhad
/ilzav/
/lzav/
Futuretenseofavoirtohave
Iwillhave
j'aurai
/oe/
Wewillhave
nousaurons
/nuzo
/
Youwillhave
tuauras
/tyo/
Youwillhave
vousaurez
/vuzoe/
Hewillhave
Shewillhave
Onewillhave
ilaura
elleaura
onaura
/iloa/
/loa/
/
noa/
Theywillhave
Theywillhave
ilsauront
ellesauront
/ilzo
/
/lzo
/
InspokenFrench,thetuformsofverbsthatbeginwithavowelcontractwiththepronoun:tues=t'es/t/,tuas
=t'as/t/,etc.Inaddition,itisverycommontouseon(plus3rdpersonsingularconjugation)tomeanwe
insteadofnous.
COMMONEXPRESSIONSWITHAVOIRANDETRE
Avoirandtreareusedinmanycommonandidiomaticexpressionsthatshouldbememorized:
avoirchaud
avoirfroid
/avwao/
/avwafwa/
tobehot
tobecold
trederetour
treenretard
/tdtu/
/t
ta/
tobeback
tobelate
avoirpeur
/avwap/
tobeafraid
treenavance
tobeearly
avoirraison
/avwaz
/
toberight
tred'accord
/t
nav
s/
/tdak/
avoirtort
/avwat/
tobewrong
tresurlepoint
de
/tsylpw
tobeaboutto
d/
avoirfaim
/avwaf/
tobehungry
treentrainde
tobeintheactof
avoirsoif
/avwaswaf/
tobethirsty
treenrhume
/t
t
d/
/t
yme/
avoirsommeil
/avwasmj/
tobesleepy
nous+tre(un
jour)
/t
u/
tobe(aday)
avoirhonte
avoirbesoinde
avoirl'airde
/avwa
t/
tobeashamed
/avwabzw
d/ toneed
/avwad/
tolooklike,seem
avoirl'intention
de
/avwat
sj
/
tointendto
/avwa
vid/
tofeellike
/avwadla
s/ tobelucky
avoirenviede
avoirdela
chance
J'aifroid.I'mcold.
Tuavaisraison.Youwereright.
Ilaurasommeilcesoir.Hewillbetired
tonight.
Elleadelachance!She'slucky!
Nousauronsfaimplustard.Wewillbe
hungrylater.
Vousavieztort.Youwerewrong.
Ilsontchaud.Theyarehot.
Ellesavaientpeurhier.Theywereafraid
yesterday.
tohaveacold
Jesuisenretard!I'mlate!
Tutaisenavance.Youwereearly.
Elleserad'accord.Shewillagree.
Noussommeslundi.ItisMonday.
Voustiezenrhum.Youhadacold.
Ilsserontentraind'tudier.Theywillbe(intheact
of)studying.
Ellestaientsurlepointdepartir.Theywereabout
toleave.
Onestderetour.We/you/they/thepeopleareback.
8.QUESTIONWORDS/LESINTERROGATIFS
Who
tobeinagreement
Qui
/ki/
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What
Why
Quoi
Pourquoi
/kwa/
/pukwa/
When
Quand
Where
How
O
Comment
/k
/
/u/
/km
/
Howmuch/many
Combien
Which/what
Quel(le)
9.CARDINALNUMBERS/LESNOMBRESCARDINAUX
/k
bj/
/kl/
Zero
Zro
One
Un
/zeo/
/
/
Two
Three
Deux
Trois
/d/
/tw/
Four
Quatre
/kat/
Five
Cinq
/sk
/
Six
Seven
Six
Sept
/sis/
/st/
Eight
Huit
/it/
Nine
Neuf
/nf/
Ten
Eleven
Dix
Onze
/dis/
/
z/
Twelve
Douze
/duz/
Thirteen
Treize
/tz/
Fourteen
Quatorze
/katz/
Fifteen
Sixteen
Quinze
Seize
/kz
/
/sz/
Seventeen
Dixsept
/dist/
Eighteen
Dixhuit
/dizit/
Nineteen
Twenty
Dixneuf
Vingt
Twentyone
Vingtetun
/diznf/
/v/
/vt
e
/
Twentytwo
Vingtdeux
/v
d/
Twentythree
Thirty
Vingttrois
Trente
Thirtyone
Trenteetun
/v
tw/
/t
t/
/t
te
/
/
Thirtytwo
Trentedeux
Forty
Quarante
/t
td/
/ka
t/
Fifty
Sixty
Cinquante
Soixante
/sk
t/
/swas
t/
Seventy
Soixantedix
(Belgium&Switzerland)
Septante
/swas
tdis/
/spt
t/
Seventyone
Seventytwo
Soixanteetonze
Soixantedouze
/swas
te
z/
/swas
tduz/
Eighty
Quatrevingts
/katv/
Octante
Eightyone
Quatrevingtun
/kt
t/
/katv
t
/
9/16
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Eightytwo
Ninety
Quatrevingtdeux
Quatrevingtdix
/katv
d/
/katv
dis/
Nonante
Ninetyone
Quatrevingtonze
/nn
t/
/katv
z/
Ninetytwo
OneHundred
Quatrevingtdouze
Cent
OneHundredOne
Centun
TwoHundred
Deuxcents
TwoHundredOne
Thousand
Deuxcentun
Mille
/ds
/
/ds
t
/
/mil/
TwoThousand
Deuxmille
/dmil/
Million
Unmillion
Billion
Unmilliard
/milj
/
/milja/
/katv
duz/
/s
/
/s
t
/
Frenchswitchestheuseofcommasandperiods.1,00wouldbe1.00inEnglish.BelgianandSwissFrench
useseptanteandnonanteinplaceofthestandardFrenchwordsfor70and90(thoughsomepartsof
Switzerlandusehuitantefor80andoctanteisbarelyusedanymore).Also,whenthenumbers5,6,8,and10are
usedbeforeawordbeginningwithaconsonant,theirfinalconsonantsarenotpronounced.Phonenumbersin
Francearetendigits,beginningwith01,02,03,04,or05dependingonthegeographicalregion,or06and07for
cellphones.Theyarewrittentwodigitsatatime,andpronouncedthus:0136558928=zroun,trentesix,
cinquantecinq,quatrevingtneuf,vingthuit.
ORDINALNUMBERS/LESNOMBRESORDINAUX
first
premier/premire
second
deuxime/second
third
troisime
fourth
quatrime
fifth
sixth
cinquime
sixime
seventh
septime
eighth
huitime
ninth
tenth
neuvime
dixime
eleventh
onzime
twelfth
douzime
twentieth
twentyfirst
vingtime
vingtetunime
thirtieth
trentime
Themajorityofnumbersbecomeordinalsbyaddingime.Butifanumberendsinane,youmustdropitbefore
addingtheime.Afteraq,youmustaddaubeforetheime.Andanfbecomesavbeforetheime.
Listentothelatlphone:unmessagemp3andtrythecloze(fillintheblank)exercisefrom
FrenchListeningResources.
10.DAYSOFTHEWEEK/LESJOURSDELASEMAINE
Monday
lundi
Tuesday
mardi
/l
di/
/madi/
10/16
1/25/2015
Wednesday
mercredi
/mkdi/
Thursday
jeudi
/di/
Friday
vendredi
Saturday
samedi
/v
ddi/
/samdi/
Sunday
day
dimanche
lejour
/dim
/
/lu/
week
lasemaine
/las()mn/
today
aujourd'hui
/oudi/
yesterday
hier
/j/
tomorrow
next
demain
prochain/prochaine
/dm/
/p/
/pn/
last
dernier/dernire
/dnje//dnj/
daybeforeyesterday
avanthier
dayaftertomorrow
thefollowingday
aprsdemain
lelendemain
/av
tj/
/apdm/
/ll
dm/
thedaybefore
laveille
/lavj/
Articlesarenotusedbeforedays,excepttoexpresssomethingthathappenshabituallyonacertainday,such
aslelundi=onMondays.Daysoftheweekareallmasculineingenderandtheyarenotcapitalizedinwriting.
Listentothel'heure&ladate:l'emploidutempsmp3andtrythecloze(fillintheblank)exercise
fromFrenchListeningResources.
11.MONTHSOFTHEYEAR/LESMOISDEL'ANNEE
January
janvier
February
March
fvrier
mars
/
vje/
/fevije/
/mas/
April
avril
/avil/
May
mai
/m/
June
juin
//
July
August
juillet
aot
/ij/
/u(t)/
September
septembre
October
octobre
/spt
b/
/ktb/
November
December
novembre
dcembre
/nv
b/
/des
b/
month
lemois
/lmwa/
year
l'an/l'anne
decade
century
ladcennie
lesicle
/l
//lane/
/deseni/
/lsjkl/
millennium
lemillnaire
/milen/
Toexpressinacertainmonth,suchasinMay,useenbeforethemonthasin"enmai."Withdates,theordinal
numbersarenotused,exceptforthefirstofthemonth:lepremiermaibutledeuxjuin.Alsonotethatmonths
areallmasculineandnotcapitalizedinFrench(sameasdaysoftheweek).
12.SEASONS/LESSAISONS
Summer
l't
/lete/
inthesummer
ent
/
nete/
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Fall
l'automne
/lotn/
inthefall
enautomne
Winter
Spring
l'hiver
leprintemps
/liv/
/lpt
inthewinter
inthespring
enhiver
auprintemps
13.DIRECTIONS/LESDIRECTIONS
/
notn/
/
niv/
/oprt
ontheleft
ontheright
gauche
droite
/ago/
/adwt/
straightahead
toutdroit
/tudw/
North
lenord
/ln/
Northeast
lenordest
/ln(d)st/
South
East
West
lesud
l'est
l'ouest
/lsyd/
/lst/
/lwst/
Northwest
Southeast
Southwest
lenordouest
lesudest
lesudouest
/ln(d)wst/
/sydst/
/sydwst/
14.COLORS&SHAPES/LESCOULEURS&LESFORMES
Red
rouge
/u/
square
lecarr
/kae/
Orange orange
/
/
circle
lecercle
/skl/
Yellow jaune
/on/
triangle
letriangle /tij
gl/
Green
vert/verte
/v//vt/
rectangle
le
rectangle
/kt
gl/
Blue
bleu/bleue
/bl/
oval
l'ovale
/val/
Purple
violet/violette
/vjl//vjlt/
cube
lecube
/kyb/
White
blanc/blanche
/bl
//bl
/
sphere
lasphre
/sf/
Brown
brun/brune
marron
/b//byn/
/ma
/
cylinder
lecylindre /sild
/
Black
noir/noire
/nwa/
cone
lecne
Pink
rose
/oz/
octagon
l'octogone /ktogn/
Gold
dor/dore
/de/
box
labote
/bwat/
Silver
argent/argente
/a
te/
light
clair/
claire
/kl/
Gray
gris/grise
/gi//giz/
dark
fonc/
fonce
/f
se/
/kon/
Someadjectivesofcolordonotchangetoagreewithgenderornumber,suchasadjectivesthatalsoexistas
nouns:orange,marron,roseandcompoundadjectives:bleuclair,noirfoncremainmasculineevenifthey
describeafemininenoun.Remembertoplacethecoloradjectiveafterthenoun.
15.WEATHER/LETEMPSQU'ILFAIT
What'stheweatherlike?
It'snice
Queltempsfaitil?
Ilfaitbon
/klt
ftil/
/ilfb
/
bad
cool
Ilfaitmauvais
Ilfaitfrais
/ilfmve/
/ilff/
cold
warm,hot
cloudy
Ilfaitfroid
Ilfaitchaud
Ilfaitnuageux
/ilffw/
/ilfo/
/ilfnya/
beautiful
mild
Ilfaitbeau
Ilfaitdoux
/ilfbo/
/ilfdu/
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1/25/2015
stormy
sunny
Ilfaitorageux
Ilfaitsoleil
/ilfa/
/ilfslj/
humid
muggy
windy
Ilfaithumide
Ilfaitlourd
Ilfaitduvent
/ilfymid/
/ilflu/
/ilfdyv
/
foggy
snowing
raining
Ilfaitdubrouillard
Ilneige
Ilpleut
/ilfdybuja/
/iln/
/ilpl/
freezing
hailing
Ilgle
Ilgrle
/ill/
/ilgl/
Itis____degrees.
Ilfait____degrs.
/ilf__dge/
Ilpleutdescordes/ilpldekod/isacommonexpressionmeaningit'spouring.Ilcaille/ilkaj/oracaille/sa
kaj/isslangforit'sfreezing.AndrememberthatFranceusesCelciusdegrees.
Listentotheleclimat:letempsdanslesAlpesmp3andtrythecloze(fillintheblank)exercise
16.TIME/LETEMPSQUIPASSE
Whattimeisit?
Itis...
Quelleheureestil?
Ilest...
/kltil/
/il/
oneo'clock
twoo'clock
uneheure
deuxheures
/yn/
/dz/
noon
midnight
aquarterafterthree
midi
minuit
troisheuresetquart
/midi/
/mini/
/twzeka/
oneo'clocksharp
fouro'clocksharp
uneheureprcise
quatreheuresprcises
/ynpesiz/
/katpesiz/
twelvethirty
sixthirty
aquartertoseven
midi(minuit)etdemi
sixheuresetdemie
septheuresmoinslequart
/midi(mini)edmi/
/sizedmi/
/stmw
lka/
fivetwenty
tenfifty
inthemorning/AM
cinqheuresvingt
onzeheuresmoinsdix
dumatin
/sk
v/
/
zmw
dis/
/dymat/
intheafternoon/PM
intheevening/PM
del'aprsmidi
dusoir
/dlapmidi/
/dyswa/
OfficialFrenchtimeisexpressedasmilitarytime(24hourclock.)Youcanonlyuseregularnumbers,andnot
demi,quart,etc.whenreportingtimewiththe24hoursystem.Forexample,ifitis18h30,youmustsaydixhuit
heurestrente.Thewordpile/pil/isalsoamoreinformalwayofsayingprcise(exactly,sharp).
Listentothel'heure&ladate:l'emploidutempsmp3andtrythecloze(fillintheblank)exercise
17.FAMILY&ANIMALS/LAFAMILLE&LESANIMAUX
Family
lafamille
/famij/
Niece
Relatives
Parents
desparents
lesparents
/pa
/
/pa
/
Nephew
leneveu
Grandchildren lespetitsenfants
Grandparents
lesgrands
lanice
/g
pa
/ Granddaughter lapetitefille
/njs/
/n()v/
/p()tiz
f
/
/p()titfij/
13/16
1/25/2015
parents
Mom
lamre/maman
/m/
/mm
/
Grandson
lepetitfils
/p()tifis/
Stepmother/Motherin
Law
labellemre
/blm/
Godfather
leparrain
/pa/
Dad
lepre/papa
/p/
/papa/
Godmother
lamarraine
/man/
Stepfather/FatherinLaw
Daughter
lebeaupre
lafille
/bop/
/fij/
lefilleul
lafilleule
Son
lefils
Sister
Half/StepSister
lasur
lademisur
Godson
Goddaughter
Distant
/fis/
Relatives
/s/
Single
/dmis/ Married
clibataire
mari(e)
/fijl/
/fijl/
/pa
elwae/
/selibat/
/maje/
SisterinLaw
Stepdaughter/Daughter
inLaw
labellesur
/bls/
Separated
spar(e)
/sepae/
labellefille
/blfij/
Divorced
divorc(e)
/divse/
Brother
Half/StepBrother
lefrre
ledemifrre
/f/
Widower
/dmif/ Widow
veuf
veuve
/vf/
/vv/
BrotherinLaw
lebeaufrre
/bof/
Stepson/SoninLaw
lebeaufils
/bofis/
Dog
lechien/la
chienne(m)/(f)
Twins(m)
lesjumeaux
/ymo/
Cat
Twins(f)
lesjumelles
/yml/
Puppy
lechat/lachatte(m)/
/a//at/
(f)
lechiot
/jo/
Uncle
Aunt
Grandmother
l'oncle
latante
lagrandmre
/
kl/
/t
t/
/g
m/
Kitten
Pig
Rooster
lechaton
lecochon
lecoq
/at
/
/k
/
/kk/
Grandfather
Cousin(f)
legrandpre
lacousine
/g
p/
/kuzin/
Rabbit
Cow
lelapin
lavache
/lap/
/va/
Cousin(m)
Wife
Husband
lecousin
lafemme
lemari
/kuz/
/fam/
/mai/
Horse
Duck
Goat
lecheval
lecanard
lachvre
/()val/
/kana/
/v/
Woman
Man
lafemme
l'homme
/fam/
/m/
Goose
Sheep
l'oie
lemouton
/wa/
/mut
/
/
f
/
Lamb
l'agneau
/ao/
/fij/
Donkey
l'ne
/n/
/gas
/
Mouse
lasouris
/sui/
Girl
unenfant/une
enfant
lafille
Boy
legaron
Child(m)/(f)
desparentsloigns
/j/
/jn/
Legendre/
d/isanotherwordforsoninlaw.
Listentothelafamille:mafamillemp3andtrythecloze(fillintheblank)exercisefromFrench
ListeningResources.
Slangwordsforpeopleandpets:
Theentirefamily
Grandma
Grandpa
toutelasmala
mm/mamie
pp/papi
/tutlasmala/
/meme//mami/
/pepe//papi/
Sister
lafrangine
Brother lefrangin
Son
lefiston
/f
in/
/f
/
/fist
/
14/16
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Children
Kid
Woman
Man
desgosses
ungamin/unegamine
unenana
unmec/type/gars
/gs/
/gam/
/gamin/
/nana/
/mk//tip//ga/
Aunt
Uncle
Dog
Cat
tata/tatie
tonton
lecabot/clbard
leminou
/tata//tati/
/t
t
/
/kabo//kleba/
/minu/
Listentotheanimaux:chienouchat?mp3andtrythecloze(fillintheblank)exercisefromFrench
ListeningResources.
18.TOKNOWPEOPLE&PLACES/CONNAITRE&SAVOIR
connatretoknowpeople/knt/
savoirtoknowfacts/savwa/
connais
/kn/
connaissons
/kns
/
sais
/s/
savons
/sav
/
connais
/kn/
connaissez
/knse/
sais
/s/
savez
/save/
connat
/kn/
connaissent
/kns/
sait
/s/
savent
/sav/
Connatreisusedwhenyouknow(arefamiliarwith)people,places,food,movies,books,etc.andsavoirisused
whenyouknowfacts.Whensavoirisfollowedbyaninfinitiveitmeanstoknowhow.
ThereisanotherformofsavoircommonlyusedintheexpressionsquejesachethatIknow(of)andpasqueje
sachenotthatIknow(of).
Jeconnaistonfrre.Iknowyourbrother.
Jesaisquetonfrres'appelleJean.IknowthatyourbrotherisnamedJohn.
ConnaissezvousGrenoble?Doyouknow(Areyoufamiliarwith)Grenoble?/Haveyoueverbeento
Grenoble?
Oui,nousconnaissonsGrenoble.Yes,weknow(arefamiliarwith)Grenoble./Yes,we'vebeentoGrenoble.
TusaisoGrenoblesetrouve.YouknowwhereGrenobleislocated.
Ilssaventnager.Theyknowhowtoswim.
ConnatrecanbetranslatedseveralwaysintoEnglish:
Tuconnaislefilm,LesEnfants?Haveyouseenthefilm,LesEnfants?
TuconnaisLyon?HaveyoueverbeentoLyon?
Tuconnaislatartiflette?Haveyouevereatentartiflette?
19.FORMATIONOFPLURALNOUNS/LAFORMATIONDESNOMSPLURIELS
Tomakeanounplural,youusuallyaddans(whichisnotpronounced).
Buttherearesomeexceptions:
Sing.
Plural
Ifanounalreadyendsinans,addnothing.
bus(es)
lebus
lesbus
Ifanounendsineuoreau,addanx.
boat(s)
lebateau
lesbateaux
Ifamasculinenounendsinalorail,changeittoaux.
horse(s)
lecheval
leschevaux
Somenounsendinginouaddanxinsteadofs.
knee(s)
legenou
lesgenoux
Exceptions:festival,carnaval,bal,pneu,bleu,landau,dtail,chandailalladds.Thereareonlysevennouns
endinginouthataddxinsteadofs:bijou,caillou,chou,genou,pou,joujou,hibou.Thereare,ofcourse,
someirregularexceptions:unil(eye)desyeux(eyes)leciel(sky)lescieux(skies)andunjeune
homme(ayoungman)desjeunesgens(youngmen).
Noticethattheonlytimethepronunciationwillchangeinthepluralformisformasculinenounsthatchangealor
ailtoauxandfortheirregularforms.Allothernounsarepronouncedthesameinthesingularandthe
pluralitisonlythearticlethatchangespronunciation(le,la,l'toles).
20.POSSESSIVEADJECTIVES/LESADJECTIFSPOSSESSIFS
My
Your
Masc.
Fem.
Plural
mon/m
/
ton/t
/
ma/ma/
mes/m/
ta/ta/
tes/t/
15/16
1/25/2015
His/Her/Its
sa/sa/
ses/s/
Our
son/s
/
notre/nt/
notre/nt/
nos/no/
Your
votre/vt/
votre/vt/
vos/vo/
Their
leur/l/
leur/l/
leurs/l/
Possessivepronounsgobeforethenoun.Whenafemininenounbeginswithavowel,youmustusethe
masculineformofthepronounforeaseofpronunciation.Maamieisincorrectandmustbemonamie,even
thoughamieisfeminine.Rememberthatadjectivesagreewiththenouningenderandnumber,notthe
possessor!Samrecanmeanhismotherorhermothereventhoughsaisthefeminineform,becauseitagrees
withmreandnotthepossessor(hisorher).
C'estmamreetmonpre.Thisismymotherandmyfather.
Cesontvospetitsenfants?Theseareyourgrandchildren?
Mesparentssontdivorcs.Myparentsaredivorced.
Sagrandmreestveuve.Hisgrandmotherisawidow.
Notrefrreestmari,maisnotresurestclibataire.Ourbrotherismarried,butoursisterissingle.
Tononcleestarchitecte,n'estcepas?Youruncleisanarchitect,isn'the?
Leurscousinessontnerlandaises.TheircousinsareDutch.
16/16

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